LEWI
BURG
BONICLE
1
Jo
& C. fflCKOK, Editor,
a N. WORDEN, Printer.
LEWISBURG, UXM COUNTY, PEM., WEDNESDAY, APRIL 9, 1851.
CH
is lDiri)iT fasilt Jormi,
Issued on W'cdattday mornings at LewUburg,
Cniun county, Pcnnxylrania.
fA'ff-VX 1.5fl per yrar. for vh actnnlly in mrirAtirc;
fl.'A. if P' ith'M tlirw month; t'i.iw if paid within a
Yfftr; f'2.iW if nt pnia tifforc the yinrtxpir
thousands, few who have watched the ca
gearness with which a scandal or a slander
is promptly caught up and earnestly repea
ted, can for a moment doubt. It is a
strange infirmity of human nature, to ex
! rnti for pec wu CAatu ciciiijmi'u iiuui iiiu n-a-
ity of errors and vices, not to saj
crimes, to wlncn the indignant ana tue er-
rin;.!.-numbers. Sul,crir.tkm lor six m..i.tli or l.-iw to nnn .rkjljtr f nrrors and vices, not to sav
trf. lliM-ontinuanra- ntlunnl lln Uic 1 J '
)m nai'l in adranc...
ruMi.her. rtoriit wlwn the vear iF pahl uti
. J . - I ........ .1 ....... i . til -,.. ...
frjuan-, one w-k. 1 1 four wirks. f a r.-ar: two .luar.'S, 1 rJnjT arc sadly addicted themselves ! In Otll
14 ft nix Month. 7 kivw. M'-rrantile atWvrtisc- , . . . , . t
menu. n.eir-imief..ortiiofat.iiuniii. cr words, it is singular to observe how
JOB WORK and capital aovrrtiaeau-nUi to be paid fori , ,
wva handni in or dviimviL : excited and inflamed a veteran and practised
Commnmcationa .nintyi on an hiii.jiw ot (ti-nerai i . j i . f 1 . 1 1 r t t . r .t a i ! t . l.o
Intcrei not within llierane ol iwnyormtanan i-onu-si. i Diaiiucici iil-vuiu nuuu Biiliiu i.iiauiiuiiti, ; rcirCMtlllg tUIIM'i nirm lor Ulem lo SJieUB. ,
geine acts neither as an acid nor alkali,but
it is concerted into a substance having ariJ
jirojrrtirs, hj the art ion of alkali. Ill this
state it will combine with earths, alkalies
Personalities too, were tfu-n altogether j Three miles from Pueblo, we passed j Fox were left, and they had not been able
allowable in criticism. They would, to use I through the Mission of Santa Clara. This to make their board. While on our way
his own language, "do good ' they j Mission is beautifully located, the land ( down, we lived upon salmon, a most ex
,r ,iw,;,.,i around it fcrtile.and as there are no Span- ccllent fish, which were so abundant m the
rlVUlU Ul IllC lllb BUVIIVl aaauaav m aua.a aa. a j i I at , - . I
befurethe public and make him talked U claims upon it, a great many Amen-, Mcrciaacs, lowaiume, uu -1 -u-i usmes, xorming neutral salts, wuicn
about." But when asuiiM, the affair' cans arc squatting" here, expecting the crs, that wc killed them with clubs aud j arc called yeatot, and these geatcs are more
took finite a different turn. Inden. n lent ' binds to betoaic government property. 1 stones, when ascending the shoals. easily dissolved in water than, solid geine,
criticism then Wamc a dastardly assault, ! We had dinner at Mr. Wistuian's, and Fox found employment at JJonsall especially when first formed.
an assassin-like attack, a malignant calum
ny, an atrocious outrage ! And th
case with many slanderers. It is quite a
all lrttr munt mate ttot-iiaiil. arrow miiiim iy tin real . . . .i-. it a i . .. . ,
aj.irri of the vritrr. to r..-ire attnti..n. i.Tti.r i u reiaiiou w ins own iiaous auu euaracivr, out anu magiiiiy me naws in
the
here, fur the first time since leavinir home. ! ferry. John, Fred, and myself came on Soluble rjeinr, he considers the food of
is the ' sat down to a meal prepared by tie hands i down, and encamped at the forks of the plants, and iWuUe ,j ine becomes food of
of American female.. Mr. Wistman came ! .mock ton ana ix-neciu roaus ju Amwur o ( plants dj exposure to air and moturo
Hence tlie reusun and the result of tillage.
o
charsc-1 now owns a fine, well stocked liancU. j anu invesxea our remauiing i -UUu, ucnee aiso, ine reason oi employing lime,
r-latin rirluaiTrly to lla K.lit .nl Ih-urtin-tit. to I ' l J J :.1..1 ..: 1.. . . r .1.. : t ..: 1 . 1 .. I ! TJT...1.I. ...J nlu-nf 8200.", in a tent and provisions, wnicn we
dirrrtrd to llfr Hi. loa. K Kill. aud thoM- on : 13 tiauujuijr muiiKicu aim muij viituw- , itrs ui luvir liicinis auu ui'iiiu"ra tw l-x- " y--'j r . -
m.mr.. to o. n. wp t d i, anDearst0 rcrarJ it as , nriviw ! Libit their errors and infirmities but when ! him. Lodged at the " Old Missions," a packed up upon our mules. A e put up a
thr eo.uomre. o. x. woiaiKx. iTfri. tor, j jf not a ,jutTj t assajj otn,,rgj an j to taim (f, arc Lrought face to face and held ac-
as a right, exemption for hini& lf. countable for the injuries thus inflicted,
Reflections.
-
The Pa t where in it ! It has Del.
The Fuluie ! It may neer come.
Our frirnda dej artej ! Wilh the JVacl.
Oaraele t Fist hartcning to the tomli.
AVhal ire earth' joy t Tlie dew of morn.
Iu honors T Oreen' Kreilhinc foam.
Wbere'i peace T In trials mevkly barne.
And joy f In heaven, the Curitiian'a home.
Corraapondenct of the Lewitbnrg Chronicle.
Mr. Editor : I was down the country a
few days since, and stopped a day in Har-
We can conceive of no character more ; they become mural cowards, and in the
atrocious, none that is the source of more .broadest and most disreputable sense of
anxiety and anguish, than A delibkrate the phrase ! The truth is all have faults
slaxderkr one who appears to envy cv- 'and infirmities, and while " none are all
erything that is good and pure, and who erring," there is no such thing as perfec
tion on this side of the grave. Let us
therefore " bear aud forbear !" Let us ra
ther brighten than darken the reputation
of those with whom wc move pud mingle !
Let us make due allowance for the weak
ness aud fallibility of human nature, and
remember that exactly the degree of mer
cy and forbearance wc extend to others,
therefore delights in aspersing and viliify
ing the truly virtuous, upright and honor
able. No member of society is more dan
gerous. The very atmosphere in which
I such creatures move and breathe, may be
risburg, to see how matters and things J w 10 uc lmea- An expression oi iranK
were coming on there. I found our friend j ncs9 and confidence uttered in such a pre
Col.Slifer.of the House of Representatives. I"8. b torted and perverted, while
in Lis seat, busily engage'. He is a charatter ia kencd and stained by "a -we Lave a right to ask and expect to be
member that we may well be proud of. ! significant shrug" oradistorted statement. estcnjea to ourselves. -Pennsylvania In
His strict inteirrity and close application to! Thc inCrmitJ too 13 not confined to the . uirer
his official duties, have won him the re- sterncr scx- " oman "gcntIe woman," I
spect and admiration of all those who be- "neumes Dccomcs - a parry w mis vne
vame acquainted with him. I heard him habit n.J is t,ius at 0llce source -
fre.uently spoken of with thc highest j ,olJ misrepresentation, ana suspicion.
commendation. e uave "ara-wno nas not : oi some
sad cases cases in which rash speeches
There is another member of the H. R.
that has but few superiors, and that is
John B. Packer, Esq., of Northumberland
county. He is a young man of rare tal
ents, and makes a most excellent member.
That couuty could not have made a better
choice. He is a member of thc Committee
on Corporations and by his untiring exer
tions, (I have no doubt) the Bill to in
corporate the Susquehanna Railroad Com
pany, will pass, which authorizes a con
nection with the York & Baltimore Rail
road : this bill will insure the completion
of the rail road as far up as Sunbury, with
in 15 months, and from there to William
eport ia a short time.
Thc Senate has beeomo vory lndnoti-inno;
they held two sessions every day, but are
much further back with their business
tkaa the House. Our Senator, Mr. Cun
ingham, is always ia his scat, and atten
tive to business. Gen. Packer, of Lycom
ing, is always at Lis post, paying strict at
tention to what is going on. His influ
ence in the Senate is great ; his course,
however, is calculated to make Lim so. I
observed several members calling up bills
out of their place ; directly you would
hear some one call out for " the order of
the day," but Gen. Packer always voted
ia favor of taking op such bills as members
Lad charge of, and were anxious to have
passed. The General is an ardent friend
of our Railroad, and I hope ere long he
may have a merry ride on it Our neigh
bor Friek, of Milton, makes a good mem
ber, and seems to be a favorite in the
Senate, as Printers generally are. Mr.
Buekalew, of Columbia county, makes an
excellent Senator. His talents are highly
appreciated; but he is death on Annexation.
It would be a great saving of time and
expense if the members of both branches
were not so fond of making speechcs,some
of which are not very interesting. M.
April 3, 18
Selected for the Chronicle.
Slander.
Rlan if of boneat blood one drop remains,
Yn ital it lonely nay aloof the vein ;
Biub! to he hralidwU with the ulamierer'a name.
And, Uiouf h thou dread at not ain, at leaat dread ahame.
We recently heard of a case, in which a
notorious and habitual slanderer manifest
ed not only thc deepest indignation, but
the utmost surprise, at his conviction and
punishment for a shocking libel. He had
blackened the character of an individual in
the vilest and coarsest manner had char
ged him with one of thc darkest and foul
est of crimes had maddened his victim
and agonized his family; and yet when
arraigned, tried, and convicted of the in
famy, the atrocious infamy, he " whined
like a whipped spaniel," talked of persecu
tion, and begged for mercy ! And this,
too, was but one of a thousand similar of
fences. He had lived and reveled for
yean on outrages of a like character had
planted his barbed and poisoned stilletto
of slander in many an innocent bosom
had created discord between man and wife,
friend and companion.neighbor and neigh
bornay, had hurried some of his victims
to intemperance, suicide, and a premature
graveand yet, we repeat, when overta
ken at last by the ministers of justice, he
have been tortured into firful offences,
and mere indiscretions have been magnified
into almost unpardonable sins. When at
last the suffering parties, goaded into des
peration, were compelled to seek out the
authors of the calumny in vindication of
themselves, the falsifiers, as in thc instance
of the habitual slander already noticed,
abashed and overwhelmed by confusion,
were ready to make any apology, to " cat
up" their foul words, and take back all
they had uttered. Nevertheless, to a cer
tain extent the injury was irreparable. The
malignant story has been circulated by a
thousand tonges, and retraction, however
full, could not therefore be made to reach
and neutralize every quarter into ui,i.
libel had penetrated. Many too, (such is
human nature,) are more disposed to be
lieve a scandal than a commendation, and
even when assured of the falsity of the
former, they still express doubts, and inti
mate that " the 6tory could not have origi
nated in nothing." And in this consists
the fearful cbai aster and consequences of
slander. It travels with the rapidity, and
it scathes with the power, of lightning,
while the retraction, however full, creeps
along with a slow pace,comparatiTely spea
king, and can never fully eradicate the in
jury that has been done. We believe that
many a life has been sacrificed through the
agency of scandal ; that many a sensitive
spirit, writhing under the power of calum
ny, and imagining that the prospect in
this world was blasted at a blow, has com
mitted self-murder, and plunged into an
early grave. How fearful then, this crime
how awful its consequences.
To the Union.
Gient aggrega'e of mlinna,
tilnrinus whole of glorious parte,
Unto endlea generations
I.ie unitrd, hind and ln-aM !
Be it storm or rumnrr wejihi r.
Peaceful, calm, or battle j ir,
Stand in heauieous strength together,
Siiier Slates, as now ye a.c !
Every petty claw-dissension
Heal it up as quick as thought ;
Every paltry place pretention
Crush it, as a thing of n iuhl !
Let no narrow, private treason
Your great onward proxies-, b ir,
But remain in tUht and reasi n
Sister States, as now ye a-e !
Fling away al surd ambition !
People, leave that toy to kings ;
Envy, jealousy, suspicion
Be above such groveling things !
In each other's joys delighted.
All your hate be joys of war,
And by all means keep united,
Sister Stales, as now ye are !
Were f but some scornful stranger.
Still my counsel would be just
th . ll 2 (fan).
Mutual fear, and dark distrust ;
But yon know me for a brother,
And a friend, who speaks from far :
Be as one, then, wilh each other,
ti ter States, as now ye are !
8o, a peerless constellation,
May those stars for ever blaze !
Three-and-tan times threefold nation,
Go a head in power and praise !
Like the many-breatted goddess,
Throned on ber Ephesian car,
Be one heart in many bodies,
Sister States, as now ye are !
Marti Faaai-aaa Tcrria.
Alhury, (Eng.) Jan. 15, 1851.
ashes, ite., to muck and peat, thereby ren
dering the geine they contain easily dis-
large, lone adobe buildino in which a New J pole frame, over wuich we strctcnea our solved, and also neutralizing any other
Yorker has takm quarters and opened a canvass. The public, thinking that we . foreign or free acids which they may acci
houso of entertainment. Whether this! were "in the business," began to call for Rental ly contain.
ever was a mission, or onlv iroes bv that ! m?als, provisions, lodging, &c. Thinking Liebijt allows that this oi iue, or Kumut,
namc.I have never learned. It is situated i it as well to be employed as idle, we killed Le calls it, is food for plants, but by no
20 miles from San Francisco. Passed Jo-' a beef, put the kettle on thc fire, and dealt means the whole food ; that this humus
so Sanchex Kanch,afternh:ch thecouutry o it meat, hard bread, sugar, flour, &c. acts jn the same manner in a soil per-
became more barren in appearance.
On ascending the hill bordering upon
thc Bay, we had a fine view of the Golden
Gate, through which thc tide was ebbing,
with a noise resembling thunder. We
could see the Pacific ocean in thc distance,
rising up mountain like, and bounding the
horizon on the west. The " Mission Io
lores" lay in our way, situated 3 miles
from San Francisco. The lands around
this mission, arc also being fast taken up
in the exchange offices and gambling
I houses.
W. -of inawn a lona through several
r.iiliB RtrraLtt. rsazino- at erorvrtiino' flint
, e o j 0
1 .... .. .. ...
I auractea our attention, " witn eves and
-
mouth open, 'not forgetting that we should
ORIGINAL NARRATIVE.
Notes of a Seven Months' Journey to
anfc Grucit Hlonths in
CALIFORNIA.
Br Wit. II. CUAMUEKLIX, Lcwusnta.
look up a stopping place, and that we were chascd tw0 Jears ag for 816 sol1 for
"out" in thc garb of mountaineers. We
put up at a hotel, boarding $14 per week,
mule feed the same price. Our first busi
ncss was to go to the Post Office, and "get
our news." Thc answer, " Nothing for
you, sir, ' took us all aback. Could it be
possible, that our friends, after making so
many promises, had neglected or forgotten
us ? It was a cruel disappointment. We
afterwards learned that no mails had been
received from the States for several months.
In strolling around town wc observed a
striped polo ; this was something to my
mind, for I had neither shaved nor trim
med my beard since leaving the Mississip
pi river. Thc fee was a dollar, and well
earned, for razor after razor was laid aside
Volume YUl, Number 2.
Whole Number 356.
A Hint to Small Tillen.
As a general thing, onr agricultural
friends do not appear to recognize the im
portance of supplying themselves liberally
with materials for manure. The impress
ion seems, indeed, to be very generally and
confidently indulged, that all exertions fur
this purpose, are too expensive to result ia
a clear ultimate advantage. Such, how
ever, b by no means the case. If a me
chanic has but one cow, and an acre of
land, he can not expect that the mere solid
excrement of the animal will of itself be
sufficient to render his soil fertile, and ho
must either make np his mind, to work
poor land which will be continually and
inevitably growing poorer from the dete
riorating effects of an emasculating system,
or buy manure. The latter alternative is
often an expensive one, and need rarely
be resorted to, if proper care be taken to
avail ourselves of the multitudinous mate
rials which nature has scattered around as
with so bountiful a profusion. One or
two day's labor, with a horse and cart, will
enable him to collect from the forests, th
roadsides and clay beds, an ample suffi
ciency of matter with which, when mixed
with a little gypsum, lime, house ashes,
and saturated with urine and soap-suds
and mixed with the highly fermentable
excrement of his cow, to bring his acre to
a condition of almost garden richness, and
to maintain it so for years. Try it
German town Telegraph.
How to raise Good Potatoes.
My object in writing at this time is to
give you my method of growing potatoes
free from rot I have practiced it two sea
sons with entire success, and have now 800
bushels of fine Mercer potatoes in my cel
lar, and all free from the disease.
My method is, to plow the ground late
in the fall or early in the spring, harrow it
omrutVi Itt ttarif. tta rilnntinie time 4 la aw ttaavnl
had been put up, and lanre j, ;ii - ,.j r... .t, .J . .. ,
j - v.m.. me .wmj o u say nitcen xons rotteu manure, spreaa
: extend freelv. and also allow access to the t,.. .!- i. i
i , , w i iiwiuuuk tuvu i ac .wv auiaca aim ai
The town was "full of peo- ai, and thcrebv Dromote . fraiat;n f,f L, .j v. . v.
' y t - j iutv, mtt uw.a tifv iuu iiuivavp vug
furrows just meeting in the backing; leave
a strip a foot wide, and back up two more;
and so continue till you have completed
the lot. Then turn about and split these
double furrows open with a single furrow,
then commence dropping seed, (pieees of
eat potatoes, containing at least four eyes,) .
in the furrow, six incites apart a.rier nw
lot is dropped, take your horses and plow,
throw two good furrows, (one round of the
team to a throw,) just meeting on the top;
dress off the top, clearing the row of all
stones, clods, Ac, then sow broadcast fire
Ten davs afterwards, I started to ban mcable to air, as it docs in the air itself,
Francisco, to purchase supplies, with SCOO anj ;3 a continued source of carbonic acid,
in my pocket There I found Green and ; wl,cL it supplies to the roots," and that
Howard. They had clubbed together with Lunius supplies young plants with nour-
Jesse Thomas, and 31 r. Jacobs, of Hunt- iLment by the roots, until their leaves are
ingdon Co., Pa., and were keeping bachc-, matured sufficiently to act as exterior or
lor's hall, in a small room for which they 1-,, 0f nutrition : its quantity heihteus
paid $75 per month, rent. Maj. Green tue fertility of a soil, by yielding more
Lad been very unwell, but was recovering ! nourishment in this period of growth, and
from the typhoid fever. Dr. W inston was consequcntIy by increasing the number of
attending him. 1 also met Mat. icck, I or2aua 0f atmospheric nutrition. After
by American settlers. Shortly afterwards, ! J Thincan, J no. Hayes, Mr. Kelly, and ' ticse organg (the leaves, 4c.) have become
we entered the chapperel and sand hills, j )Ir 8mit'i, of the Lewistown Company. fuj 0rgauued, they commence drawing
The sand is very deep, and a team can do j They skirted from home after us, had a 'earLon and other matters from thc atmos-
littlemore than draw an empty wagon ! pleasant trip through Mexico, and arrived I pnerC) an(j jj, 0ta;n a Lirge amount of
through it. On reaching the tummit of at San r rancisco early in July, iney naa nourishment from that source ."
the last sand hi 1 thc City of San Fran- j been to the digging?, and were more or j As this humug or yeiV svvica carDon
cisco, Bay, harbor, aud shipping, burst less successful. It was really gratifying ! aee0U8 mattcr ,0 ,be roots of plautS) the
upon our view. The appearance aud mag- J ti meet so many persons from the neigh-1 mon aLun(iant ;t j9 ; tLe soil the greater
nitude of the place, far exceeded the : borhood of home. Iths. annnlr. and If it w tint. thcr. itslmnM
most liberal ideas we had formed of it.) There had been a great change in Le placed there by the application of ma
ne were almost lost in wonder as we j I'e ; ua ueeu lucre ueiore pe-, nures . and not only that.when it is there,
1 ... : . J i .... a! l i. . ! r-f-ul if sir wnVa A trout. Tninilpr tf . .. ...
uigi-u vur ni-aricu limits .uruugu me " o tne sou fiuouia oc loosened DT cultivation.
- . . I " I .- I . J a a. I .
crowd in one of the principal streets, aud nuiiuiugs naa ocen put, up, anu
rrniml urxm t!ir lnr ra arid non .l..frant blocks of houses COVCred what were
. . -e- "c
buildings, the display of siens and mer- racant lots.
chandiie, and thc moing mass of human : P1l'' Lalf the buildings being occupied as carbon;c aciJ ag.lin which by Jc.
beings of every caste and tongue. Wc were j boarding and gambling houses. Board comp0:Sed in tLe organs of the plant, sup
almost deafened with thc hum of business, ! was from - to I i t3 ex" 'plies carbon or woody fibre to the plant,
the noise of the saw and hammer, rattling orbitantly high: business of all kinds , increasing its owth and rendering jt
a .ma . lvaat.-lr An.1 stAliAni1tnA ai nnmasiil.ui haaJ
ot cart wheels, and the jingling of money l "uu ""v-uuuu,i- """" 6" Lard or woody, as tue be required by its
ii.c . a uc gauiuuug uuusca sure ituougeu
and as these were the only places of resort,
many persons entirely averse to gamWing,
were induced to patronize the " Banks."
Money on loan was worth from 10 to 15
p:r ct a month. Lots that were pur-
000 ; timber commanded H00 per M.
feet, 4c. ic.
Concluded next week.
nature. Maine Farmer.
w runt uto
The Farmer.
CONTINUED.
Mr. Liveriuore was formerly an English
sailor, and has resided in thc country some no doubt but some of the sand of the
It sometimes happens, too, that slander- 30 years. He has a Spanish wife, and his ' Gila remained in it,
ers themselves, those who are in the habit i"cassa and everything about him, look i On our way down, we had concluded to
of constantly indulging in vile and violent j California like. e lay down upon the stop at Pucblo,md get into some business,
insinuations and charges, are nevertheless ground floor to sleep, but could n't. In j and after remaining in San Francisco three
quite sensitive. An instance of this kind ; the morning we learned that it was "only ' or four days we returned to Pueblo San
recently passed under our notice. A young,
ardent and gifted friend had in the course
of a very severe criticism upon a recently
published work, traveled somewhat " out
of the record," and indulged in one or two
harsh and unfounded charges and improp
er personalities against the author. The
the fleas" that annoyed us. This country
is actually polluted with fleas, body lice,
bed-bugs, ticks and other vermin. It is a
current joke, that previous to the war,
the " coatis, and fleas, held possession of
the country."
After leaving Livennore's Ranch, wc
Jose. Here we were advised by several
Americans to commence butchering. We
soon found that we could not talk enough
Spanish to purchase cattle, and gave up
the idea. The Spanish know but little
about the honor and laws of trade. If
they are in need of money, they will sell
weame a wretched craven, and entirely
c&E!tful of 46 bitter CUP he tad Pkced to
'ips Of Others he beffFed nd imnlnrod
oo- r
"-his, too, without penitence that he
Jl rd .u?,ared 1 Bttt thU a novel case?
stronger and bolder in its
ALT and CCv.
asl by uu. ma may be
wtthat there ore
8
notice was admirably written, full of Doint ' crossed a plain, two leagues in width, on their nronert v for a triflinir sum to fret it :
a-. mm o i - . r i a - o 7
and pith but so keen and caustic, that it ! which thousands of cattle were grazing, but if . a person wishes to purchase of
cut like a razor. We had the privilege of and then entered a range of hills, covered them, and they do not want for money, no
reading it in advance of its publication, with wild oats. This place is known as
and ventured to object to its tone. Our j Amador's Pass, and was the handsomest
friend laughed at our scruples, said that 'spot we had seen in California. A
he " meant no harm," that it was "all fair, 'small stream of clear, cold water flows E.
that it would bring the author into notice, !in the direction of the road, along which
and help to sell his book V But the as- J are several flats,and groves of large Califor
sailedtook a very different view of the nia oaks. Passed Senol's Ranch, crossed
case. Stung to the quick, annoyed, irrita- a high range of hills, and descended into
ted, and indignant, he sought an early op- the Mission of San Jose. This like all
portunity to reply, and tuck a reply ! No
rthing more excoriating ever came under
our observation. Familiar with the weak
ness and errors of our critic, he made them
bold and palpable, lashed them with the
utmost severity, and at the same time in
timated that he "would as soon pick a
pocket as indulge in personalities that
few, indeed, unless their principles were
those of pickpockets, would resort to such
mean, low, aqd unworthy devices." The
tables were completely turned the critic
was utterly unmanned. His self-possession
vanished into thin air. For days and weeks
he was in a towering passion, and it was
only through the restraint of friends, that
he was prevented from attempting some
aot of violence. Thus, where he was the
assailant, it was quite a pleasant Jest, an
indication, of iwaliaeefl tjtf afcpcndjaog. !
the California missions is partly in ruins.
price will buy it
We made up our minds to return to the
diggings, and make the most of it durin,
thc winter. Nothing particular occurred
until we reached the mines, except that
after crossing the San Joaquin, rain com
menced falling and continued at inter. a's
for a number of days. Our clothes and
blankets were kept constantly wet, in
which we had to sleep ; but by this time
Wc purchased some fruit from the old felt well, and were very much recruited
Frenchman in chanre of the orchard and We were also lost between ti e Towalume
vineyard, and pursued our way towards
Pueblo, which we reached about sundown.
Put up at thc U. S. Hotel, and slept ia a
hay stack $2 for a bed being more than
we could then afford. This place is hand
somely situated in the centre of the valley.
The majority of the inhabitants are Span
iards, Chilians, Sonorians, &c, but Amer
icans are last settling here, and during
this season a great many buildings have
been put up. It has been decided upon
as the seat of Government Here we
were first reminded of the "land we hailed
from," by neat frame houses, well fur
nished, tables set " a la mode," pleasure
carriages, women dressed in silks, men in
broaiclotllS, &C. 4c.
and Mercaides rivers, which is a very com
mon occur ence on these plains. The
trails through the mountains were so much
softened by the rain, that our mules fre
quently sunk to their bellies. When we
reached the diggings, we found that Fre
mont's gulch was drowned out, and the
miners were leaving for Agua Frio, the
dry diggings several miles distant Things
presented a most squalid appearance. We
were perfectly disgusted with the mines,
and determined to pack up our traps and
move down country, where we could en
camp during the rainy season.
During our absence, Green and Howard
had left the mines and gone to Stockton,
taking rnailin with thorn j Fitd end
Geine, its Nature and Properties.
In our last, after giving an abstract of
Dr. Dana's mode of analyzing soils, we
promised to say more about thc substance
called geine.
Chemists, long ago, turned their atten
tion to the analysis of vegetable substances,
with a desire to ascertain not only what
were the several ingredients of which they I
were composed, but also, to learn what
were thc peculiar ingredients or principles
in the soil, which afforded nourishment to
vegetables.
In some of these researches, Klaproth,
while experimenting upon the elm tree,
discovered a peculiar substance to which he
gave the name of ulmin, (from thc Latin
name of vlmus, an elm.) It was after
wards found, by other chemists, in all veg
etable substances, more or less abundantly.
Braconnot found it in starch, sawdust, &c,
and it was called by some of them, " vege
table extract." Barzelius found it in all
rinds of barks. After this, Sprengel,
Boullay, and others, found it to be a lead
ing ingredient in manures and soils, and
hence gave it the name of "humin," (from
the Latin name " humus," the ground ;)
but Barzelius gave it the name of "yeine,'
(from the Greek name " gee," the earth.)
Others have called it " vegetable mould,'
so you see that it has names enough. No
matter what name it goes by, provided it
is well defined and fairly understood.
Dr. Dana says : " By geine, I mean all
the decomposed organic matter of the soil.
It results chiefly from vegetable decompo
sition." Liebig says : "Woody fibre, in a state
of decay, is the substance called humus."
Dana says that geine or humin exists in
two states soluble and insoluble. The
soluble can be dissolved in water, alkali,
alcohol and acids. The immediate result
of recent decomposition of vegetable fibre
is abundantly soluble in water, and is
called solution of vegetable extract When
exposed to air, this soluble geine will be
converted into olid geine, and this will be
(hen but partially soluble in water, and
wholly soluble in alkali. When this solid
geine is decomposed, tWttofe geine is
found, but by a long continued action of
air ana moisture, i a "
able, and is speedily converted by the ac
tion of lime o winkle geine. Soluble
Planting Potatoes.
Almost every farmer, now-a-days, adopts
the practice of cutting Lis potatoes for seed,
in order to economise cost Some cut the
tubers into as many pieces as there are
eyes in me poiaio.anu. aiiow iroin onCi Lushels of common salt over the ground
to three pieces to a hill. Others divide immediately after plautine : cultivate not.
..,.,.. . - o -
toes when in blossom.
When the crop is ready to gather, clear
f . 1. .......... .1 l . r . ,
i giuuuu, iuu turu a mrrow irom eacnt
the roots in the centre, passing thc knife
through them longitudinally, and allow one
half a potato only to a hill. Quarters are
also used. Now it may not be generally siJe 0f tLe row : how down the ridge, then
a.uoii mill mere are two uisuuci parts
to the potato, and that the apex, or end
which presents a number of small eyes,
will produce a crop earlier by some ten or
fifteen days, than the middle or body part.
The produce of the latter, however, is al
ways superior in point of size, while that
of the butt or navel is inferior, the eyes
being imperfectly developed or immature.
In selecting roots for seed, the preference
should always be given to thc largest,
soundest, and most symmetrical, as large, j
well lormed roots will produce a better
progeny than those of a more diminutive
character. Having made your selection,
cut off the seed ends, then the butts, and
divide thc middle into two sections ; thc
two pieces being sufficient for a " hill." If
you are desirous to have early potatoes, for
table use, or for marketing, plant your
seed ends. Feed the butts to your swine
or cattle, and after allowing your middles
to remain spread out on a dry floor for a
fortnight to heal the wounds, plant them,
and thc result will be a liberal and heal
thy crop of well-formed and good-sized
roots. A NEW-EXGLANDER.
Xear Claremont, X. IT., Mar. 5, 1851.
Early Potatoes.
Potatoes may be forwarded from two to
three weeks by placing them on the south
side of a fence, or building, early in the
spring, and protecting them carefully from
the night frost, by a stratum of straw. The
calorific agency of the sun's rays, tends to
energise the principles of reproduction, by
awakening an earlier activity, which, when
properly directed, operates favorably upon
thc future growth. Some depositc their po
tatoes in fermenting horse manure till they
have evolved sprouts two or three inches
in length, but this is not to be recommen
ded, as great care is necessary in planting
in order to prevent the sprouts being bro
ken, and so powerful a stimulus deterio
rates the capacity of the tuber for weli
sustained and healthy growth, when depo
sited in the soil. German town Telegraph.
Semorandtun.
Often breaking up a surface keeps a soil
in health for when it lies in a hard-bound
state enriching showers run off, and the
salubrious air cannot enter
harrow down the ground, pick up the rem
aining potatoes, aud the work is done. It
is apparent that by this process we get a
broad, loose bed for the potatoes to grow
in, also a double depth of soiL
A Farmer. Ohio Cultivator.
Good Hews for Horses.
T. M. Coleman has filed a caveat for an
improvement in India rubber horse collars
and saddles, which are inflated with air,
instead of being stuffed as is now the ease.
If the air can be retained at the very point
of pressure, this will prevent chafing, and
le a great relief to the noblest of domestie
animals the horse. We shall then expect
to see this invention in general use, as
humanity demands that even to the dumb
creature " the back should be suited to the
burden."
Fruits changed bt Cum at. No
deterioration of fruits appears to have been
greater than in American peaches, taken
to England. Of fifty sorts, from the Mid
dle and Western States, tested at the great
Chiswick garden,all but two were pronoun
ced " worthless." The Apple is also a
fruit which England raises bnt a little of.
Nowhere do these best of all fruits grow so
well as in America.
Peas. R. O. Pardee, of Palmyra, N.
an .enterprising and skilful amateur
cultivator, gives the following as the beat
out of ten collected kinds of Peas obtained
from Thornburn's, in New York. The
"Early Emperor" he regards as the best
very early pea, and "Hair's New Mammoth
Dwarf Marrow" as the largest, most pro
ductive, and richest pea of all
Gardens. Every farmer should have
a good-sized, carefully-worked, and well
managed garden. It is true many thrifty
farmers let the women do all the garden
ing. But every man with a good garden,
has a sort of savings bank, where he cam
bestow much time that would be otherwise
unprofitably spent, or thrown away.
Rice contains the least fatty matter of
any of the cereals, but the greatest propor
tion of starch, averaging about 82 per ct.
of the latter. It is one of the cheapest
and most universal kinds of food used by
man. It was first planted in Sooth Caro
lina in 1693159 years ago.