LEWIS ft C. EICKOK, Editor, 0. N. WORDEN, Printer. l.A on Wednesday mornings at Lewiiburg, Vnion county, Pennsylvania. f,.- w.k $S a year: two fMiuarfS, 5 ,' . L dii one f..urtli .f column, $10. ""SSE'.Sk ivertiK-menU to be paid fur lull WiiKK an.l ranual advert h han.iwl in or deliv. nl. . . . ?SSSSJSSS All letter, n,u.t erne p-id. r '" . IM of the writ-T, to rvole attention. .lnoc ; t.'. .he ..rial lurtmenu to l i,..inui t 4 V VtMUM.N. i'tttJifhtT. Tor the Lewisbnrg Chronicle. Advice. IT MARIE BOStAC. O, turn thou not from love away, However humbly uffere.1. Nor put mJc lhe frien.lly hand. By whomsoever proffered. There' not on earth than alighted love A keener pang to bear ; The wounded )irit only fceU The anguish of despair. And life ban many weary hours, When thy full heart will yearn, For love anil kindly eym-.aihy. Such aa thou now uW spurn. And bitter is the lot of him. Who Ireads eailh'a deary road, Wilh noue to greet him !y the way. Or help him bear his load Who knows that God once gave to him A precious trust to bold. The boarded love of one true heart A t.ilentof pure gold: Which in a wasteful, wilful mood, With deserraud mii-'ht. Beneath lhe clods of cold neglect. He buried from his fight Who know that once he had the power To gain a failhlul friend, Whose love, through every hoar of life, " Sweet sympathy would leud ; Yet, in i evil, thoughtless hour, In foolishness, or pride. As if unworthy of his care. This power was thrown aside. Oh ! better far it were for thee To 611 an early tomh. Than live long years of loneliness In sorrow and in gloom. Then cherish thou all human love. By whomsoever given, And bear a grateful heart for this. The choicest boon of Heaven. rmiAD, March 4, 1851. ORIGINAL NARRATIVE. Notes of a Seven Months' Journey to CALIFORNIA, VTA. FORT SMTH. SAXTA FK -H.A KIVFR, AXD THE TILE LAKtS. From the Private Journal kept by WM. 11. CllAMUEKLIN, or Liwimceo, Ti. CONTINCED. The buildings, with one or two excep tions, are one story adobes ; many of them being plastered and white-washed, give the place a tolerably genteel appearance. Before the gold mines were discovered, this was the largest town in California. Nine-tenths of the inhabitants are Span ards, but a number o fAmericans are about settling in the place. Several Amer ican merchants, that have been established here for some years, have realized hand some fortunes. Money is very abundant, andlsawa great deal of gold dust ex changed for merchandize. We purchased Chili flour at $12 per 100 lbs., equal, or if any difference superior to American; coffee, 25 cts. per lb. ; sugar, 37 ; to bacco, $2, and saleratus 3 per lb. ; tin cups, $1,50 apiece; frying pans 5, ccc. Saw sewing silk sold for its weight in gold. Liquor sold for 2 bits a drink : salt $1 per lb ; common knives and forks tlO per doz., &c. Doubloons circulate more freely than sixpences in Pennsylvania. There are several pure Castillian families in the place, who arc of a fairer caste than Americans. The soil is very productive in the vicinity. Wheat produces from 40 to 75 bushels to the acre , it is sown in January, and ripens before the drought can injure it. The hills are covered with wild oats, and the vallics with clover, mustard, ckc. About the first of Decern. ber, or afier the first rain falls, vegetation tarts, and the country assumes a univer sal coat of verdure, which lasts until July of next year. All Winds of fruit and vege tables flourish ; apples, pears, peaches, oranges, figs, apricots, grapes, melons.Sic. &c, are abundant in season. The climate is delightful, and during that season the country is said to present the most beauti ful appearance in the world, except Italy, and it has even been compared to that land of enchantments, but probably by pet sons that never gazed upon her gardens and vine-clad hills. We had apple dumplings for dinner, although I did make them my self. Friday, Aug. 31. Started this morn ing; passed over a rolling country for some distance, our course due north. En Joyed the cool sea breeze, which increased almost to a gale ; we are within a few miles of the ocean. Crossed a mountain, ' and again turned our faces northward, tip v large Talley, in which countless numbers ,?f if ..aid within tUr wmlh, ; fiwl P' '" ! I - if not pai'l the v-ar piw i 5 rt for ' i.t7.nl'rl Vult.Tililin!, for Ml uvnitb or I' M. to or cattle were grazing, apparently without an owner not a house or man in sight. Saw some timber live oak, sycamore, walnut, &c. Encamped in a vineyard, and turned our mules into a wheat field, near an Indian ranch, with the permission of the owner. If we were not "in clover," wheat for our animals, and grapes for ourselves were equally as gnod. We paid the Indians for the fruit we used, or course. Had a fine grape pie for supper. Distance, 20 miles-218l. Saturday, Sep. 1. While at Los Ange los I weighed 157 lbs., being a gain of 7 lbs. since leaving home. Maj. Green weighed 160 lbs., a loss of 58 lbs. in the same time. So much for high living. We were advised by some Americans at Los Angelos, to take but 12 or 15 days' provisions, cross the mountains into the valley of the San Joaquin, and proceed directly to the nearest mines, as a much shorter route, and the Maraposa being re ported the best diggings in the country. This morning we found that we were upon the Coast road, which was not our route. A Spaniard gave us directions, which we followed. The trail led over a level plain, covered wilh a dense growth of clover ; and we soon reached the Mission of San Fernando. This place is almost deserted. A few Indians inhabit thedilapidatrd build ni"s. which were bum by tne is'itnoiic church for their use and comfort. These California Missions were ence in a flour ishinz condition. Thousands cl wild In dians were gathered around them, insiruc ted in the holy faith," and taught to cultivate the earth. Each mission had its vineyards and fruit garden, a large tract of land under cultivation, and countless num bers of cattle, horses, sheep, ccc. Good order, peace and plenty, once reigned over these beautiful spots. The " Padre"' had the entire control of the concern, and was reverenced as " prime ruler" by his devo ted subjects. But all this has changed. The Priests have left, nunneries are deser ted, the Indians are scattered, and many of them have fled to their wild haunts in the mountains, and the buildings are fast going to ruin. Cy what I can learn, these changes have been brought about by revo lutions in the country, altering the govern ment ol the missions, restricting the power of the Padres &.c, and finally the country falling into the hands of the Americans, and the discovery of the gold mines, have made a complete wreck of these once pop ular institutions. Although I am far from being a believer in the religion of the Roman Catholics, or rather their doctrines, I can not look upon these missions, and hear the story of their rise and progress, and downfall, without feelings of regret. that they have not been sustained. The principal building in the mission of San Fernando, containing the church, convent, Padre's rooms, fcc.,' is a noble edifice, al though the architecture is very rude. It is two stories high, built of adobes, plastered and whitewashed. The roof is covered with fluted tile. The windows arc crossed with iron bars. lis arches, pillars, belfry, statues, fountains, paintings, &c, give it an imposing appearance, and it must be acknowledged a well constructed edifice, for this country, where building material is so scarce. There are several Spaniards in charge of the building, yards, cornfield &c. We purchased some pears and mel ons. There were a number of Indians keeping watch over the corn field, each one perched upon a small scaffold, above the tops of the corn. Shortly after leaving the Mission we entered the mountains, following a small trail up a ravine, to the head, where an apparently impassable mountain seemed to obstruct our further progress. There was no alternative, we must either scale it, or take the back track It was not more than 500 yards high, but very steep, and the trail scarcely visible. After one of the hardest struggles I have witnessed on the route, our mules reached the summit with their loads. The descent was almost as difficult. Shortly after wards, we encamped in a ravine, beneath the shade of some large sycamore trees good grass, but little water. Saw a "Griz zly" upon the mountains, but he was not within rifle shot, and we could not get to him. Distance, 20 miles 2201. Sunday, Sep. 2. Very cold last night. We now feel the need 'of the blankets wa were obliged to throw away, we have but one apiece left. Shortly alter starling we entered a small valley. A great many cattle in it, and we were led estray by their numerous trails. This detained us an hour or two, but finding thecassa (Spanish name of house or home) we were righted on our course. Here we entered the mountains again, and crossed a very high range, so steep that we had almost " to lay down upon our backs to see the top of it." The trail was beset by rocks, stones, and bushes, and our travel thia af ternoon has been a continual ascent and descent. Old "Sol" poured down his rays upon us without mercy. ' Altogether it re minds me of the days of toil and fatigue BURG LEWISBURG, UNION CO., PA., MARCH 19, 1851. thfi Rio Gila f did not reach water until dark, which wc found in the bed ol a deep, dark chasm in lhe mountains. Here we encamped, and turned our mules loose to brows? amongst the rocks. Stw another " Grizz" to day, nnd several deer. Distance,2 miles 2221. Monday, Sep. 3. Continued amongst the mountains in a N. 12. course, nnd had a hard day's travel of it. The trail is so indistinct in places that we could scarcely lollow it. The fact is, "few but Indians have ever passed over ibis road, and it is utterly impossible for wagons to travel it. Saw a small vallev on our right hand, nt lhe distance of a mile, the entire surface of which was ns white as snow. We sup posed it to be a dopr.site of salt, likely the drv bed cf a sa't lake. Met with a num. ber of bear and deer to-day, but thy were all at a distance from us, and we cnultl not lose time to run after them. Encamped in a beautiful oak grove, on the edge of a small valley, well grassed. A spring ol good water near camp. One of our com pany shot a largo catamount, a few rods from camp. Distance 20 miles 2241. Tuesday, Sep. 4. Hill Dixon and my self, started in advance of the company this morning, fur the purpose cf killing game. Wo saw nothing but three deer very high up in lh5 mountain. The val ley in which we encamped, gradually narrowed into a ravine, dow n which ran a ironm nf ;learccld water. After dtscend- inir this ravine for several miles, we em- erged upon the broad valley of the llio San Joaquin, at lhe extreme south end. Here a solitary Indian family lives, tliey cultivate a few vegetables. It would be difficult to describe the desolate, barren appearance ol the plain before us. We could discern the mountains that bounded the valley on the west. Not a tree, shrub, spear of grass.or drop of water was visible, if ever vegetation existed here, it has en tirely disappeared. The dy was excess ively hot, the atmosphere hazy, and in the distance, the air and horizon appeared to blend into one. We were almost afraid to " launch out'' upon this wide waste. It seemed to us more forbidding than the desert of the Colorado. We had been in structed to keep down the valley on the west side of the Tule Lakes, which advice we followed, (but have since had abundant cause to regret.) The trail leads down the east side, and is the route usually traveled. We started in a N. W. direction, traveling over a level plain for about 10 miles, when we reached the head of the first lake, after Rtonninrr once on the wav to rest, saw a 1 I o - . few antelopes, but could not get within shooting distance of them. Here we found several sickly Indian families encamped, livinz unon fish and muscles. The border 7 1 of the lake is thickly beset with Tule (bull rushes,) making it difficult to get to water. It is literally covered with wild fowl. There is a small Indian trail down the west side of the lakes, but there are so many made by wild animals, that we find it impossible to keep the right one. These Indians are anxious to have us go across the slue, and travel on the east side. We could not understand the reason, and did not heed their warnings and advice. We traveled until dark, finding no wood or grass, and not being able to get to water We stopped for the night, and turned our mules loose to browse upon the Tule, for there was neither grass nor bushes. But they were immediately attacked by myr iads of mosquetoes, which did not make their appearance until sundown. To pre vent their running away, we were obliged to sland and hold them. We procured a little water to drink by cutting our way through tule and mosquetoes. No wood to cook, and have eaten nothing since earlv morninj. We are again out of meat. We lay down, but to sleep was out of the question. The mosquetoes attack ing us in pel feet swarms, apparently intent upon having our very "life's blood." As much as ourselves and animals needed sleep and rest, we thought it best to pack up and travel, which we did at 8 o'clock P. M. Being very dark we did not pre tend to follow the trail. The mules were hard to drive, being very hungry, and still annoyed by mosquetoes. At one o'clock A. M. it became pretty cool, the mosquetoes left us, and we lay down to rest. Distance, 38 miles 2279. Wednesday, Sep. 5. We had two or three hours' comfortable sleep. But the poor mules having nothing to eat, were noisy and restless. At daylight we packed up and traveled two miles, when we found a little salt grass, and an opening to the water.. Here we unpacked. We gathered up some dry weeds, and managed to cook some bread and coffee. This is the first we have eaten for 30 hours. Left this point at 1 o'clock P. M., following a well beaten trail, which led us in a N. YY. di rection, leaving the lake to the N. E., and a mountain between as and the lake. Af ter traveling about 15 miles, we became satisfied that we were upon a wild hone trail and hearing too much towards the mountains to the west. The range be tween us and water still continued, and increased in size. Persons that have not witnessed it, can scarcely form an idea of he sterile appearance of the country we passed over to-day. We have not seen a iree or living shrub since entering the valley. We were at a I ss for some lime what course tn pursue. Our animals were beginning to fail, we had no water in nnr. cnmci-iis, mm . - . ... nnaai lliul U. O fill 1 111 111)1 . could again reach the Lake before night. At mine, in tne exr .. -last we concluded .hat our only course was ourselves to half rations, which we again . 1 i .nt.j-tna nnrl unnn this to strick N E n cross the mountains, and , reach water as soon as possible. Having no trail, we found traveling very dilliuult. The eanh is dried out to a perfect dust.and every few steps the mules sink to the knees, in places where gophers, coatis (Coyotes) and other animals have burrowed beneath the surface. hen we reached the dividing ridge, we were lucky in ma king lhe head of a ravine, down which we traveled in a winding course. We knew we were going towards the water, from the numerous small wild animal trails that led in the same direction. Night corning upon us, we lay down in the ravine, with out water, wood, or grass. Distance, 25 miles 2304. Thursday, Sep. C lleached the Lake at 8 o'clock lliis morning, unpacked, wa tered and grazed our animals, and ate n piece. The atino-pliere so hazy that we 'can see but a nine or two e have con- eluded the mountain wliicn we weni so iar ... . ... out of our course io avoid, is the dividing point between the first and second lake. Col. Fremont, and other travelers, who never saw them, represent the Tule asone continued lake, ab:ut 70 miles in length. Instead of this, il consists of three, in the form of a crescent, thus : N. W. Col.F.also said that this part of the valley, lying west of the Lake and San Joaquin river, is an almost perfect desert, which thus far has proved true. We again star ted at 1 o'clock P. M.t our course N. along the lake. The earth is very soft, resembling dry ashes or quicklime, into which the mules sink almost to their knees at every step. Encamped at dark, and turned our mules into the tule, which their hunger forced them to cat with avidity, but they were soon attacked by millions of mosquitoes, and it was wilh difficulty we prevented their stampeding. Never did poor mortals suffer more than we from the attacks of these insects fight the mosqui toes, and hold our animals by the head, was all we could do, having nothing we could tie them to. Not one of us slept a wink during the night. Distance, 20 miles 2324. Friday, Sep. 7. Finding it impossible for either man or beast to rest, we packed up and started long before daylight. Drove several hours, when we came to the end of the Lake, and were obliged to strike N. E. to a slue for water. Uere we nooncd, and returned to the trail, upon which we con tinued in a N. W. direction until night, and again turned N. E., several miles for wa ter, over a flat cut up by slues. Not find- inn nv. we encamped without water. We -o - ' " had been instructed to cross Lake Fork, a river putting in at the south end of the Lakes. After deliberating upon the sub ject, we concluded that we were past all the Lakes, and that it would be necessary to return to the foot of the Lake lo cross the lork. Distance, 20 miles 2344. Saturday, Sep. 8. Annoyed during the ni"ht, by a band of wild borscs running around camp, trying to entice our mules off. VVe have already seen a great num. ber of them. They are certainly the wildest animal I ever saw. Returned on our trail, about 12 miles, which proved a very unwise move, being unable lo cross a lue. Here we nooned. Again moved on upon our old trail, and encamped where we nooned yesterday, losing a day and a half, and hard marching at that. Distance, 20 miles 2364. ' Sunday, Sep. 9. Still thinking that we had passed all the lakes, and that the rise in them had filled this slue with water, we determined to continue along until we should head it, and then strike a due north course to the San Joaquin River. We soon rounded the slue, and thinking all difficulties and perplexities at an end, we bore north, over a perfectly barren plain for about 10 miles. Saw several large herds of antelope. We were deceived by that singular phenomena! mirage. We thought we plainly saw the course of the much desired river, even the trees on its banks. Our surprise and disappointment can not be imagined, when, ascending a gentle rise, another Tula Lake lay before us, directly across our wane, extending CI R east and west as far as the vision could reach. Here was an end to our brighten ing prospects; for we had already im agTned ourselves encamped on the banks of the river, with plenty of wood, good water, fresh fish,- and but 2 or 3 days' journey from our desiination. Our situa- tion is cnoug h to alarm us. many oi our nnnurpntlv uDon their last aiiiiiiu.v " j ' legs. We have not two full days' rations I i l..r Soma rl!i nno we be- Ol iiruvisiu" i- j - -o .r.,orihni wrt shou d not reacn tne ... ... . . j.: ..J nfinpH reouceu io ijuuru-r - fare we subsisted for several days ; noth ing but bread and coffee at that. This amount of food w ill not sustain us, and do our necessary work. The jaded conditionl of our mules, obliges us to walk a greal portion of lhe time. For the same reason, we packed but 12 days' provisions from Los Angelos, which we were told would be an abundance and no meat, expecting to kill game. But this ia a poor depen dence. We can not hunt without stopping; this would b but a loss of time, and but lew cf us have guns left. Starvation or mule-flesh, stared us in the face, but we will no doubt prefer the latter. To kill and eat one of our faithful animals, that has brought us thus far, seems rather re volting, but we look upon it ns a thing cer tain, and have already selected the first victim. This Lake like the former one is bordered with tule, and is literally cov ered with wild fowl of every variety, amongst others the pelican, swan, goose, brunt, ducks, herons, curlews, plovers, snipe, ice. They are so abundant, that there is an immenso deposite cf Guano, along the shore, in low water. The water we have to use, is the essence of this de posite. and is really disgusting, although we had became accustomed to bad water. - I had the good fortune to shoot a peli can, which we sat about devouring upon the spot. We skinned the bird, cut it io pieces, made a fire of dry tule, and each person taking a portion, roasted it to suit himself. We wallowed it about in the smoke and dirt, the rushes not making heat enough to cook it. Alas I after all our trouble, the birJ" was too strong for our weak stomachs ; however, it fully sufficed for dinner, without eating it. Those that happened to swallow a bite, were sickened. I never wish to dine on " Pelican" again. The name of lhe infernal bag-throttled creature is enough for me. We decided to travel west along the Lake. Wild fowl cover the water in many places for fifty acres in extent, and their incessant screaming would terrify an army, almost. Towards evening we encamped, without wood or grass as usual ; and after partak ing of a cup of guano tea, we lay down to meditate upon our troubles and misfortunes. But nothing (except mosquitoes) can long keep sleep away from the eyes of the way worn traveler. Distance, 20 miles 23S4. Monday, Sep. 10. Started before day light, without breakfasl,following the course of the Lake, which led us in a due west direction.' Nooncd, shot a few blackbirds for dinner. Several of us waded out into the Lake, in search of muscles, the empty shells of which we saw upon the shore. Found none, which was another disappoint ment. Killed a duck or two, and ate them, which only served to arouse our appetites. Armstrong shot at a wild colt, and wound ed him, but he got off, the blood running from him at every step. If he could have succeeded in killing him, we would have had a fine supply of fresh meat. During our march this afternoon, 1 atiempled to walk along lhe shore of the Lakeand shoot some ducks, but was so weak that I could do nothing, and was glad to get on the back of my mule again. Towards eve ning, we discovered a gang of elk, drinking at the edge of the Lake. They all ran off towards the mountain on seeing us, except one buck, which remained in the water for sometime. Hill Dixon having agood rifle, and being acquainted with the habits of the animal, placed himself in ambush, near the trail of the others, and as he came along, he fired and morlally woun ded him. He ran about two miles, when another shot from Hill's rifle brought him to the ground. He wounded another, but we did not follow him into the mountains. We dressed the buck, and packed the meat inio camp, upon two mules. The dressed quarters would have weighed at least 400 lbs. This 'stroke of good luck dissipated the idea of eating our mules. The meat proved excellent, resembling young beef. We enjoyed a rare and bounteous feast this evening, and I think it was seldom that men were more in need of being full fed than ourselves. Supper lasted from dark nntil 10 o'clock. Dis tance, 15 miles 2399. To be continued. A Cherokee preacher has named his infant son, "Jenny Lind," and il is said to be a "perfect bird" at making a noise, already , ,i( , - . ON Sullivan County. We were highly pleased, on a late visit to this county, to witness the substantial evidences of prosperity that everywhere met our eye. To those unacquainted with the advantages which the citizens ol Sulli van county possess, our reference to their general prosperity, may be deemed insin cere, but such is not the case. Situated between the two branches of the Susque hanna, with a good market on either hand, for the staples of the country, which are live stock, butler, and cheese, it las be come an easy matter for a poor man in this region to acquire by his own industry in a few years, a good farm with the ne- ccssary means lo worn it. a ne lano is generally good and highly productive heavily timbered, and can be bought at a very low rate, say from 50 cents to $2,50 per acre. It will probably continue to be sold at this low price, yet for a year or so, when as the settlements thicken the indu cements to purchasers, and the scarcity of land in market will soon adJ tenfold to its value. Nothing can prevent this. Like instances have occurred on all sides of us, and will occur again under similarcircum- stances. Therefore we say to all those who wish to acquire a home in Pennsylva nia, at a cheap rate, go buy you a farm in Sullivan county, before all the good land is taken up. and you will be satified in so do ing you have acted wisely. Lycoming Gazette. A Washington letter states that the whole number of United States exhibitors at the World's Fair, is 487, and the entire space required for the United Siates will be about 25,000 feet. Of these exhibitors 1S9 are from New York, 70 from Massa chusetts, 64 from Pennsylvania, 39 Ohio, 16 Maryland, 14 Vermont, 24 Virginia, 9 Connecticut, &c. The Colonization Bill, which passed Congress in the last hours of the session, will give to the Colonization Society about $37,800, for taking care of 760 slaves captured on board the Pons by a govern ment vessel, which started with 900 slaves from Calandra to Brazil. The Farmer. a .... - A company of gentleman of North Leb anon, Lebanon county, in this State, are about establishing a poultry yard for the production of eggs. One thousand dollars have been subscribed, and a three acre lot purchased, on which to erect the necessary buildings. Several members of the com. pany are now engaged in purchasing hens, the number of which to begin wilh is 2000. From the Banbury American. GRAFTING. Grafting is nothing more than inserting upon one tree a shoot or branch from ano ther tree so as to make the sap of the stock or grafted tree flow up into the graft, and thus unite the two and lorm one limb or tree. Th.9 Advantages of Grafting. The advantages of grafting,as it respects fruit, are as follows, to wit : 1. You can put an entire new top of choice fruit on a tree partially or fully grown, and whose fruit is indifferent or worthless. 2. You can put several kinds of the same species of fruit on the same tree, and thus have a succession of fine fruit, from early to late on a small lot or garden. 3. You can hasten the bearing of such varieties of fruit as would require a long time to come into a bearing state, by graft, ing scions or branches of them on full grown or fruit bearing trees. Thus a seed ling pear which would not produce fruit on its own root in less than from ten to four teen years will.if grafted on a bearing pear tree, produce fruit the third or fourth year after grafting. 4. You can render foreign and delicate sorts of fruit more hardy by grafting them on robust native stocks of thesame species, as the foreign grape, for example, on our native vines. 5. You can thus rapidly increase choice kinds of fruit, not easily obtained other wise. 6. You can makerfirorj ol certain kinds of large trees, by grafting them on trees of slower growth, as the pear on the quince or white thorn. Time of Grafting. To give your readers clear and correct ideas upon this point, I will quote from our best authors. The author of "The Fruit Gardener" says, "Grafting is generally performed sometime between the beginning of Febru ary and the end of March, or in April. But the proper period depends on the nature of the season, whether it be a late or early one, and must be determined by the full ness and bursting appearance of the ouas on the stocks, and should be regulated by the mildness of the weather, which, witn occasional showers, is favorable for this operation, p. vt r. CLE. Volume VnKnmer 51. Whole Mnmber 363. Feiseriden,jo his "Js African or dener," says, -The time of grafting should be when the sap cf the stock has begun to move, in the sprinsr, and just before ther buds are unfolded." p. 147. Judge Buel. in his Farmers' Instructer," says, "April is the general seaso n for grafting in thia latitude (State or New York,) thnnjib it is sometimes performed in March, and some times omitted lill May. The grafts should however be cut before the bud begin lo swell. The scions are most likely to live if inserted when the sap is circulating free ly ,for then the wounds soonest heal. ' V ol- 2, p. 113. Downing says, "lite proper. time for grafting fruit trees is in the spring, as the sap is in motion, which commence earliest wilh the cherry and plum, and ends with the pear and apple. The pre cise time of course varies wilh the season and the climate, but is generally comprised from February to the middla of April. The most favorable weather lor grafting s a mitJ atmosphere with occasional show errs." Downing's Fruit and Fruit Tree-i of America, p. 13. So much for Spring grafting. Uut grafting may also be successfully performed ir. the Summer and Fall. Thus Mr. AbnerLandrum says, "About the first of July, when the growth of some trees had become stationary, I cut a twig of the pear tree and inserted it on a nursery stock which readily grew. I next tried almost every variety of orchard fruits, w hich suc ceeded perlectly well." He made this ex periment supposing that as spring grafting might probably fail by reason of the drying winds peculiar to that season, so the rapid motion of lhe sap in some stocks combined wilh the general moisture of the air during mid-summer might ensure lhe growth of summer grafting and the result shows that he reasoned well. And he adds : "Tu make the success of summer grafiing cer tain, take the twigs to be inserted from at rea in which the sap is. as near as possible, stationary, and select a stock in which the sap has the greatest possible motion. July is the proper time for summei grafting, and indeed the most suitable month of the twelve for that operation. However the operation may be performed with tolerable success during the remainder of the Summer and Fall months.' Col. I. F. Wingate, of Maine, says, that on the 5th of September, 1824, he engrafted on a scrub apple tree, apple scions of the same year's growth, containing from three to five buds each, which lost their old leaves, and formed shoos the same year twice as large as bis grafts"inserted in the ordinary mode'' did. He ascribes his mode of grafiing, which is the second mode described under side graf ting in this article, and then adds : Thus it may be said to have all the ad antages of budding, with the additional one of producing the new fruit certainly one and probably two or three years soon er ; and farther, it may be successfully performed at any season of the year whilo the sap is in motion and the scions taker -from the growth of the same or of the pre ceding year. It will be found, too, that the stock is less injured, and heals more readily and effectually, than when split as in the ordinary mode of cleft grafting. All the branches ol a tree may be removed clean to lhe trunk, and new ones produced, and shape or form given to the iree, by lhe insertion of scions al end places as you please. And I am certain that tbey ad here more firmly and are less liab'e lo in jury from rain and violent winds, than those inserted in a different manner; and if properly inserted, probably not one ia filty will fail." Fessenden, p. 147, 8, Sec. nodes of Grafting. There are many modes.but the following will answer every purpose t Whip or Splice Grafting. This mods which is practised chiefly on small stocks- or trees, consists in cutting off a full inch or more of one side of the scion or graft. and also of the stock or limb you intend to graft, in a sloping direction and tying them) closely together, just as you would splice a whip or fishing rod, so as to make the inner bark of the graft and of the stock join or meet each other nicely, at least on one side if not both. This mode succeeds best when the graft and stock are the same size or thickness, as the bark will then meet on both sides, all around, or nearly so, and of course the flow of lhe sap will the more readily take effect and unite the parts thus joined. This mode may also be improved by what gardeners call tongueing or tipping, that is, by making a tongue shaped cut in the stock downward, and a corresponding cut or slit in the scion or graft upwards, and the joining them so aa to make the inner bark of the scion and stock meet exactly, at least on one side if not both. 2. Saddle Grajting So called, I presume, because the graft is cut to fit oa the stock just as a saddle is made to fit a horse's back. This mode, which ia also practised upon small stocks, consists ia cutting the wood off of both side of the stock, so as to give the top of the stock a
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