IjEWISBURG chronicle and west branch farmer
The Farmer.
STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.
fTrom the UU tUpcirt of Suprrt of Cam. School.
At a subject lo which Ibe Superinien
drnt of Common Schools may properly in
vile the ttention of the Legislature, I de
tire to submit a project of an institution,
allied to them in its nature and importance,
a State institution for special instruction in
the theory and practice of agriculture, and
for general instruction in all the branches
of a high school course.
It is worthy cf remark, thai while the
least useful arts practised in towns, have
reached a point of perfection which seems
to limit further advance?, the art of agri
cul ure. the most ancient, noble, and ncc
rssary of all arts, is the least generally
understood in proportion to its susceptibility
of improvement. These facts are inevita
bly traced in the one instance lo the asso
ciation, and, llierefore, to the reciprocal
enlightenment of mechanics, and in. the
other, to the isolation, and, then fore, to
the unaided intel licence of farmers. Ge
nius, by the means and opportunities affor
ded in dense communities, has been en
abled to experiment upon every material,
and every agent contributing to the wants
rr.d luxuries of life. Hut in rural rohtude
it lus lacked these encouragements for it
devotion to the business of extracting sus
tenance from the earth. And even h;n,
by i:s intuitive perception, er through
Ion,; observation, it lias obtained know I
edge of the highest moment, such kr.oul
edge must, in countless instances, httve
died with its possessors, because they cared
not to impart it, or because they found no
apt recipients of it. Nature's seciets, in
vesligatcd amii the bustle of city street.
where not a blade of grass can pierce the
pavement, have come f lute years to
the rescue if failing harvests, end men
w ho may not have known a grain if wheat
from a grain of rye, have taught how eith
er would multiply a hundrtd lold, where
neither would grow before. A new science
has shed fertilising light upon primitive
deserts and exhausted fields ; and the
dreams of alchemy can now be fulfilled in
a better than the literal sense, with the
riches into which agricultural chemistry
may convert the poorest clod. Thus, the
to ationof the farmer is beginning to as
sert a new dignity, as it increases its
drafts upon the funds of science and expe
rience. Its principles, and the application
r,f them, have become a matter of syste
matic study, and may rightfully lake pre.
cedence.for the great majority of the rising
generation, of many branches of education
heretofore deemed of first importance.
With these simple facts in view, there
should be no necessity for enlarging upon
the duty of an enlightened governnient, to
extend every possible facility to the ad
vancement of agricultural science. In ur
own Suite, we already witness a cheering
ktep in this direction, in the project recom
mended by the Executive in his annual
message to the Legislature, fur the creating
of a S ate Agricultural Department ; and
also in the present effort, on the part ol
some of her most culightcmd citizen, to
form a State Agricultutal Society. The
establishment of a Notional Agiicu'tuial
Bureau, recommended by the President o!
the United States, in his message ut the
opening of the present session of Congress,
points to another aid which this great in
terest is about to receive. The bequest of
several millions of dollars, recently made
for the establishment of an Agricultural
School in Maryland, is evidence cf the im
portance attached, by a singularly saga
cious mind, to such an institution, as the
means of diffusing correct knowledge ol
the suited. The rich Common weulth ol
Pennsylvania should certainly be no longer
backward in doing that for her children,
which the legacy of a single iudivduul
promises to accomplish for thoe of her
iiter, Mar laud.
The project now presented to the consid
eration of the Legislature, involves many
cctails.which it is not requisite to mention
in this first draft of its general outlines.
To show its feasibility aud importance :
the present purpose.
It is proposed that an institution Le foun
ded large enough for the instruction of not
less than five hundred pupi's at a time, in
the branches of a general edjcatioti, and
specially in agriculture, theoretically, and
practically. Oi the pupils, three hundred
ittty be supported at the expense of ihe
State, and two hundred at llieir personal
cost. The State pupil might be M-leotcd
from every county, in the ratio of three
pupils for each member of the House"!
Representatives, the selection to dclei
muied by Hie standing ol tho c.'"!a'es in
Ihe common schools, so that admission to
the State institution should be the higl"i
reward of merit. The t hundred ott.e'
pupils, it is assumed, would ln Kent b
parents and guardians, and paid for as '
any bjarding school, the profit on the lat
ter class diminishing Ihe expense of the
former. The term of instruction for the
State pupil should be not less than six
year. commencing about Ihe oge of twelve
years. Afier the organization would bf
completed, and the syu-m in regular ope
. ration, fifty pupils woulj, therca ter, enter,
and fifty be discharged every jear. For
the paying pupil, some similar plan should
be adopted as lar as practicable.
la order to carry out this geacral project,
I b -g leave to offer the following recom
. in.-nda'ions :
I. The creation by law of a board of
th s Kegrnts ol the institution, to be eW-c-.eil
bv popular vote.
The pjrehsse of a boJy of iand
sufficiently large and varied in character
lor the exemplification ol every species of
h'lsbxndry.
3. The laying out of the land, and the
erection and lurnishing of suitable build
ing for the accommodation of the pupils,
professors, officers, and domestics of the
institution, and for all the purposes of a
great model farm.
4. The purchase of books philosophi
cal apparatus, farm slock, and implements
jf every description.
5. The appointment of eight Professors,
and the requisite number of assistant tea
chers, in the various departments of in
struction. 6. The appointment of a firm over
seer, a house steward, and a matron,
having the power of emplnyingthe requisite
domestic s in their respective departments.
On the e fix heads I will remark in
their order I
1. The Board of Regents. It is neces
sary for the original organization of the
institution, ar.d lor the proper direction of
it, that there should be an acting body,
superior it: authority to its resident officers,
having tho some relation lo it which con
trotters have to common schools, or Iru
tees to colleges. The Hoard of Iteyents j here recommended has been made comprc
should regulate the fiscal affairs of ihe in-. hetiaive, because no partial system can
siiiutinn.Hppoint the Professors ana officers, ! command that respect und, moral support
decide upon the eligibility of pupils, and j of the community necessary to the success
tienerallv exercise all powers incident to i ful proecuiion of ihe design.
lhe.e. 1 hey should make, in rotation,
monthly visits to the institution and semi
annually in a body, and present to the
Legislature nn annual report of their
i ra tactions, and f the condition ol the
in-litution. As their fliciency would, in a
treat measure, depend open their special
experience, their term of office tdmuld not
be less than three years. In order that
each section of the Slate should beproierlv
represented in tie hoard, the Sciialoii.il
districts from the lirst to the inclusive,
'he districts from the lo the inclu
sive, and the districts from I he to the
inclusive, niij;ht respectively -l-ct one
Regent, in consccuiive jears, so lln.t only
one new member should enter the Injur d
ithin any one year.
2. Tt.c Land. The lo ly of land pur
chased should he not less iliiiu one thou--and
ncres. nffurdmg to nil the pupils n
stffi -ii nt area for the pracice of tillage,
altei deducting srace for wimdlaiids, orch
ards, pleasure ground, jards, ami build
ings, lis surface should be divr-rsifnd b
iuil and m adow, adapted, in its several
points, to Hie licst culture, not only of grair,
hut ol vegetables und fruits, and to the
raising nl l. kinds of stock.
3 There should lie a principal hntife.
si.fficiently extensitc for the domestic and
school ai'coriiu.odation of the pupils, and a
ceitain nuo.ber of the teachers, i fficers, j
and domestics; neat, It' not cosilv dxell-
ings, for the profe-sors; stables and the
out-houses genetal'y of a well improved
farm, and requisite tor every purpose ol
the establishment.
In the plan i f these building, taste, ns
well as strict i conomy. should be consul
ted, and each ot e ol its kin J should be
n odel of biauti'ul c'ten us well ns con
vi niei.ee
4. Hooks, rt ,frr. Hcsidrs tl ebnoks
requisite lor school Mudies, ihere should
be a library founded, and cabinets formed
in the a riots dipirtmrnts ol science.
The phi'oso btciil apparatus should em
biac the ir.S'rum' nts f on observatory,
ith a suitable building for their use.
5- Teachers It is assumed that not
less than right prolcssors, with six'een as
sistants, would suffice lor I tie various
branches of instruction, and for ihe main
tenance of discipline among the number of
pupils proposed. The miscellaneous course
should 1 so comprehensive, thai the grtid
nates of the institution might, with the
single t c ption of the ancient language,
tie on a fooling with those of any university
in the country, and superior in certain
brunches of knowledge. Its aims should
he eminently practical, illns rative and pro
motive of the utilitarian and irogresive
spirit of the age.
The course of instruction is indicated in
the billowing list of teachers :
A rrofwiw of rnj.ifh Literature and Mmtal rhlloro-r-liy.
tx .(. I K-MOcnt of tin Faru.tv, With two lieifr
lalit tea-tiers in the i-iim-iry JTartrornt:
A I'raiceror of i.i'Lrl llL-turj ana I'olitieal Economy,
will; oiiemit.-isltnt:
A rrol.-s.-ur ol" MattMMWi'-, with two aM3nt :
A I'roS-aeorof I'rnrtical larmiug arid Kuril Architec
ture, Willi fix i.-i.t.iiits:
A 1'rt'lrsM r of A-rriculltiml Chemistry, General Chcm-l.trt-
Ct-olo-'v. &nl lloUur. with two sBs.9tautp:
A ITor,-ir of Natural l'liilo.iy, Mechanic, and
Engineering, ni'.h two aea.st'inta:
A I'rof e.'-r of tmr-aratiTe Anatomy, and exojicio
l'livFirtno of the Ictititutlou :
A t'roicHor of the Uerman Language, with ono a-'fis-
Unt.
In this lirt, the numlier ol Professors is
eiht, nnd of assistants sixteen. Six of the
Uuer should be females, who arc not i nly
ihoro'ly competent as teachers, but whose
influence on the nioralsand maimers of boy s
is essential to their proper cultivation.
C. Officer . A firm overseer, house
steward, and matron, it is assumed, would
require twenty-two assistants and domes
'ics for the mechanical und menial labor of
the establishment.
The Fimmcial Featum of the Prrject.
In estimating the original and current
expenses of the In-tiiutioii, care has been
taken to obtain reliable data. Certain items
of ci'cjlntion must necessarily lie arbitrary
but need not x -eed, it is believed, the
a mui.ts sta'ed. The following is an exhi
oit of ihe probable cost of founding and
maintaining an iinhli-hrnent :
Ottl'ilN'AL Ot'TLAV.
One tho man t acres of lanJ. at fty dollar, an
ere. m 00
ere-rint the lanl Sir it- pnrjvaee, and rr-et-iiiz
oil the requl.ile l oi -dinu", fnrniidiinjt the
ani tor dcmuc and insiruccouu uses,
lUjdrnK-ntfl,
lFS.fOO no
i;i.uo to
ToUI ttl -ft- olTlAT.
Intercut on iW-' 00-' 6 l""r rrn'' $!5,000 00
ijslarieaaiiJtMYrllnp- ei"wnf three
,'t r cu. aud of the Secretary and
s.larv cf th Presid nt of thr Faculty, it 000 f 0
?lurie?of" l'r..f.r.. $.I.3U -.eh ,M 04
fairies of l inrie aiu.,
si.rU of 6 tmale .Mutant, at $T00
cM-h. '
aUrt of ore.- r. f I
Stewai d,
4"0V
i,auo oa
Matron.
iJ
S..ri oiTiale' ha.-' at r"! each. J.OOO 00
; IJ fcmal. ue.tc -
$OfiC0 00
Maintenance . m! otly of pOt r!. leather oa-
eeea. and .Unertir. MO Del'". '
Ymre-!,.. her, th. Bin.
W.5ftt 00
ofJUO Slate irtl. ai -
!. Ii -, -e mini of hwlMnnf,
amia, furniture, Ac
S.000 00
Oro.a annwl expenditure.
$:t,wo oo
ASXAL INCOME.
Twatuaxlnd paying bo pile, at SIM a v ear each, 30,000 00
Iulal net anaaal aort M Or KUU. JUrXI 00
This sum of forty-four thousand five
hundred dollars makes the average cost of
eacn otaie pupil about one hundred and
fifty dollars a year. Less than this sum,
for maintenance, clothing, instruction, and
every contingency, it is apparent would
not be a safe estimate, while the experience
of several liberal institutions, the reports of
which have been collated in forming it,
show, that under proper management, ii
is an ample allowance for every purpose
embraced in the scheme.
It is necessary to show in what manner
trie organization of such an institution as
the one projosed may be effected, since its
feasibility, with due authority and means,
must be conceded. The project, as here
set forth, contemplates its wants and capa
bilities, when in full operation ; and only
in this light can its merits be faiily judged.
Tnus viewed, we see it in fact a college,
hot a college in Ihe ancient sense of the
name, devoted lo elegant, though chiefly
theoretical learning ; hut a college devoted
wholly lo real and inevitably profitable
knowledge : profitable lo the recipient, not
only in the discipline of his mind, and the
enlargements of its powers, but profitable
, to his body also. The course of instruction
The institution should be. to the gifted
and ambitious boy, in the remotest district
of the State, a goal worthy of his bright
and during hoje., where he should know
that ihe inner in the race would receive,
not a wreath of barien abstractions, but the
golden crottn of sold knowledge, and a
sure passport lo honor and indeM'ndence in
the uorld. So liberal should he the foun
dation, so thorough the system, that the
alumnus of the institution might, in any
profession, or any position, measuie intel
lect and acquirements with any competitor.
As it would receive only the choice spi
rits ol ihe local schools, it should be wor
thy of l.'iein as well as they of il. As nil its
seed would he sown in rich soil.the quality
ol ll at su d should be ihe best, its quantity
the most abundant.
No attempt has been made in the forego
ing exposition of the plan in question to in
dicate w hat should be the qualification for
admission, the order of studies, the propor
tion of lime devoted lo agriculture proper,
or 'he rules of discipline. Those with oth
er natiers, may be discussed tally should
this skeleton project be regarded with favor.
It may be remarked, however. that neither
in the instructional nor in the domestic
department, could the desired results be ob
tained with fewer teachers, officers, or do
mestics. Twenty pupils' are as many as
one teacher can faithfully govern as well
as instruct, owl as one oornesitccan serve.
While it is designed that the pupils should
work as practical farmers, it can not be
supposed t-al they should spend timepreci
ous for study, in mutual cfiiccs, profitless
except for the moment.
It is assumed that the institution would
have two hundred paying pupils. At the
terms of one hundred and fifty dollars a
jeur, no doubt can exist that il would be
eagerly sought by u much larger number
from other Siaies.as well as our ow n. The
salaries suggested for ihe professors and
teachers, are presumed, without being ex
travagant, to be sufficient lo secure latent
and rhurscter of a high order in every
department. The fact that the Stole pupils
uouiri he chosen on account of their supe
rior standing in their home schools, would
suppress the idea oi charity in their case ;
and there could be no danger of any con
flict of feeling or caste, between ihcni and
the pa) ing pupils.
'I hese remarks will, perhaps, meet the
objections to certain features of the project,
which, at first view, may seem of doubtful
expediency. They present but little, how.
ever, ot what may he urged in its favor. In
no other Atlantic Stale of the Union rould
an Agricultural School be maintained with
the same advantages to the pupils os in
central Pennsylvania. If we go North the
lon! winters are unfavorable to out door
I labor ; if South, ihe long summers equally
interfere with it, and with mental applica
tion. Here, then, evidently is the choicest
field for the enterprise.
The cost, were it far greater, is a trivial
sum for a Commonwealth containing near
ly two millions nnda half of thrifty ienplc,
with nut a lithe of its resources yet devel
oped. And what means can more certainly
lend to hasten their development linn I his!
c may look through this project to a
lime, when in active maturity, it will an
nually send its honored heralds lo every
neighborhood in the Suite, bearing a trea
sury of knowledge and habits of industry,
10 nay back, who can tell how many fold,
ihe iritiute it icceived. The strong hand
u ill go with ihe strong mind, and popular
prejudices will readily yield to the practical
proofs ol" sound theory. In other words,
ihe institution must diffuse both the science
and the art of agriculture, strengthened hy
general education, to make ihe knowledge
of it available to others as well as lo the
possessors. Il will exhibit a grand model
and experimental farm, where every sug
gestion of ingenuity can b fairly tested.
11 will be a constant marl for ihe distribu
tion of the choicest seeds for field or gar
den, and the rarest breeds of all varieties
ol stock. But more materially, will il
prove the economy of the concentration of
capital and labor in the cultivation of the
soil, in opposition to the doctrine and
practice of their diffusion, which cause
multitudes of our most valued citiens to
spi k the lar West, while untold acres ol
our own land are unreclaimed from the
primitive wi'rierness. Such an institution
might also furnish much of the tracking
material that, in other States, is provided
at public expense in the maintenance of
Normal Schools, by making it one of the
conditions on which each of the three hun
dred Stale scholars is reciied into the in
stitution, that alter the completion of his
lull term therein, a certain period shall be
devoted to the State in the capacity of a
teacher in her Common Schools.
These are some ol the expected fruits of
this design. I mt dd further, that if
the site chosen for the institution be not too
distant from flarnsburg, the members of
the Legislature, largn number or whom
are always farmers, might wilness, them-
aelreS. the MjneSI acniftvemcnts VI mjmiw
1 ... . . i .
matic husbandry, and emulate them at
home. They could be thus assured that
the bounty of the State was well employed,
and, from time to time, enlarge the estab
lisment to meet the wants of increasing
population. Is not the effort due to the
reputation and the hopes of our State f
Massachusetts has her Harvard ; Con
necticut has her Yale ; New Jersey has
her Nassau Hall: may not Pennsylvania
behold her Agricultural College, destined
at no remote day, in the robustness of
youth, and with none of the burdens of
antiquated notions to check its progress,
leaving these venerable competitors far be
hind in the race for honors, which the age
will award only to practical knowledge T
A. L. KUSSKLL,
Superintendent of Common Scliooh.
NEWS.
New York, March 9. The Pacific
reached her dock a few minutes before 6
this evening.
England The Ornish ministry have
all resigned. In Manchester business was
more active. The surplus revt-nue for the
tear was -',50U,0(lO.n-ar!y luilf of which
i proposed lo pay tlieM.ition-tl drbt. The
American Minister and lady had a splen
did reception on Thtnsday.
The Catholics of Ireland and England
have commenced a formiduhle agitation
against the ministerial measures iu refo
rence lo their religions.
Bread S'.ulTs. the large imports of
grain and flour from the continent, and
the United Slates, have depressed the mar
ket, and prices are nominal.
Italy. Rumors ol a revolution in the
spring are igain eurrt nt.
Turkey. There is ptobabilitv of a war
between Turkey undKgjpt. The Sultan
desires the no li t to reduce his lorces
lhi Pacha refuses and augments them.
Falmerston and Napoleon.
A Pans letter received by the Pacific
contains ibis significant litnguxge :
"Il is more lliun mimi cud lint Louis
Napoleon is playing in'o Russia's hands,
with the expectation of getting his reward,
should a revolution chance to upset him.
We shall soou know his game, however,
for it appears that the Holy Alliance in
tend to march upon Switzerland in the
spring, with the object ol smothering w hat
i bey describe as a nest of vile republicans.
They will I. iivcn hard tussel, first with
John Hull, who, in ihe style of Roderic
l)!iu, will put his broad back against one
i f the Alnine mountains.and lav about him
in u-Mv 1 1, -i , will .nnui n .nnuatinn II '
Louis Napoleon joins the Holy Alliance
by pluying fast and loose wiib England, he
will get his passports from the Republican
party of Francc,one of these fine mornings,
uith a him that if. he values bis head, he
had better carry it off straightway. Tho
rumor also is, that Lord Palmerston will
not submit to be checked any longer, and
il not allowed to have a blow at the des
poi ism of Europe, he will retire from pow
er, and appeal to Enpland, through the
Mouse of Commons. He is the strongest
man in England, and must he Prime Min
ister before another year. When this takes
place, onticipate important movements not
calculated lo gratify the Holy Alliance."
"raon"cAiiroiiiviA7
The Empire City reached New York
from Chagres on the 8'h inst., with 220
possengers, and $450,000 in gold dust.
7;,e ' (Jutd Blutr' on the Pacific still
attracts mucii aitention.but is very difficult
of aeces.
The Indian troubles con-.inue. At Kit
llesnake Creek, it is reported, tevrniy-tta
miner were murdered by the Indians, nnd
in a battle at Aguto l'rio, CO Ind.ans were
slain.
It was supposed the U.S.Senatorship lies
between Col. Fremont and T. Butler King.
Juniata County.
The VVhig County Committee met on
the 2Sih ult., and adopted the following
among other Resolutions :
That tho Administration of Gov.
Johnston has endeared its distinguished
Chief lo every true hearted Pennsylvanian,
by its decided stand in favor of protecting
our (.real industrial interests, and its effici
ent measures for the gradual reduction of
our btatc debt.
That the uparalleled unanimity with
which ihe Whigs of Pennsylvania point lo
Uen.Winfield Scott as the Whig candidate
lor the next Presidency, indicate him as
emphatically the man for the crisis. With
him as our standard-bearer Pennsylvania
will not Iditer.
That we concur in the selection of A.K.
McClurca Sv-natorihl Delrgnte.nnd Thom
as Hayes as Representative Delegate to
the Whig State Convention ; and that we
also concur in the instructions of Union
county requitinj them to vote for the re
nomination of VV'm. P. Johnston.
Drowned Mr. John Mal!aby of Loyal
sock Townhin, was drowned in ihecunal,
near Lnyalsock. where ihe wulcr from the
creek makes the level qui e deep, on the
night of the 2d in t. His hut wd first
found, and on search being instituted, his
body was recovered. He was an intemp.
era'c man ; and his death add another to
ihe daily records of the baneful influence of
liquor. A coroner s jury returned verdict
in accordance with the facts. L) coming
Gazette.
The Legilature of Illinois has jut esta
blished a General or Free system ol Dank
ing in that State, similar to that for some
years in operation in New York and pro
posed for adoption in this Slate. In Indi
ana, the ccnsiitutional convention has
directed the establishment of a similar
Banking system.
Dostnn, March 5. The towns-people of
Hon. Dan el Webster (Marahfield) had a
meeting, and passed a series of resolutions,
by yeas 120, nays 34. that ihey would not
sustain the fugitive slave law, and urjjed
the fugitives to escape. The resolutions
were ordered to be enrolled oa the official
records of the town.
Tilt HIM,
H. O. EICXOK, Editor.
O. BT. WOBDEN, Publisher.
At $1.50 raah in ad ranee, 1 .75 in three month. $2 paid
within the year, aud A3 at the end of the year.
Agent in Philadelphia T B Palmer and E W Carr.
Lewisburg, Ma.
Wednesday Morning, March 12
ADVERTIZE! Executor. Adininutralor. Public
officers, City and Country Merchant. Manufacturers,
V-,-,,.- ltinMa Men uJl who wieh to iirorure or Ui
dipoc of anrthinc would do well to eite notice of Ihe
m- through the 'Iwisbura .r.tc.." Thi paper has
a wa aud iucreaint circuia.in in a e,j
ninx a large a proportion of actire, sulveut producer,
rouaumera, aud dealer, a any other in the State.
, -
- Union County nrmorraUc I)ele(rate Meeting fat-
. loth May ; polls open from 2 to ft, P. St.
S-
uriay. loin iy i is ojmi ipiw m . .
Uiih OountT lX-inoeratie Conrenthm New IV r-
lin. Mouday, UtU Mar, tj elect Uelrgate to Judicial State
couvcutiouV
- I'nion County Coart Monday, 19th May.
S- Scott County Meeting Tuesday. 20lh May.
a- Ariculturai County Meetinit Wed'day, 21at May.
liemorraUcStaU OuteriiitorialConTenUon Read-
taK.4tli.Hm-.
-0inocraUcSUt.-Jua:c;alConcntlon uarrUDurg,
llth June.
tt Whig Stat Courention Lancaster. 2tth June.
The lines with which " Marie Roseau"
TO COttRF.SPOXDENTS-.
has favored us arc cordially welcome, and
shall appear nest week.
Cheap Postage Law.
This law will go into operation the 1st
of July next. It reduces the average
rate of postage, both upon letters and
newspaper9,nearly one half. The section
providing for the three ccut coinage, takes
effect immediately. The new rate on let
ters not exceeding half an ounce, is three
cents pre-paid, or Jive cents if not pre-paid,
for all distances under three thousand
milc3. Ocer three thousand miles, double
these rates. The following schedule shows
the rates on newspapers under the new
law, compared with the old :
NEwsi'AfKns run qfakter.
Weekly. rVrai-W. Tri-W. Patty.
rmter an mile, (new bH,)
lvr veur.
5ct-u
lit
SI
40
(II
36
30
1. -JB
i.t
4.S
l,Si
11
00
2. to
s4
75
3.00
M
90
3. 0
64
I,oo
4S
60
S.1X)
1.0.H
;s
3,IW
i.i
4,otl
1.IIS
1.00
5,00
1.IW
1.S0
6.110
1,(
rre.-ul rate, prquarter 'l
24
50
M
34
30
l.M
So
40
l.'O
zt
so
S.00
M
f
2.40
36
0er .V under 3ue .
IVr ye;ir, .
1'rcM'nt rate,
Orer H0 under lOuO
P r year, .
l'r-'sent rate,
Orer MOO nniter 2000
IVr year, .
l'reecnt rate, .
0or IK 0 under 103
I'er year, .
l'rccnt rate,
Orer 4").
IVr year, .
'resent rate, .
10
40
. IH
, IS
, !
, 1H
. 20
W
. IS
. :s
1.0J
is
:a
. 1
isiAll weekly papers free within the
county where they are published. Tapers
of less than 1 ounce, half the rates, and
papers not over S00 square inches, one
fourth these rates.
The rates on monthly and semi-monthly
newspapers, the same, in proportion to the
number of sheets issued, as on weekly
papers.
Improvements. A new board-walk is
in progress from Kline's stable to the
north end of Second street, and thence to
the Boat-Yard. Messrs. Christ and Mc
Faddin have also erected a plank causeway
from the mill race to their Foundry both,
timely aud servicable improvements.
Messrs. J & J. Walls have commenced
the foundation of their new store-room on
Market street; and the building opera
tions of this season bid fair to be unusually
active.
A supplement to the Borough char
ter has been passed, giving the authorities
larger jurisdiction over the streets and pave
ments, and requiring six Councilmen to be
chosen at the coming election; two to serve
1 year, two 2 years, and two 3 years, and
hereafter only two to be elected annually.
B34.The Sexton of the Lewisburg Cem
etery reports to us the number of persons
buried in the Cemetery the past year, end
ing Oth inst., as follows .
Adults S3
Children 3053.
Died in the Borough in the same time :
Adults 23
Children " 2245
Of the adults, 8 averaged 72 years.
Deducting deaths in childhood and those
over GO, leaves 17 deaths of persons in
active life.
ttaT"An illustration of the benefits of
advertising is furnished in the fact that
the curd of the Editor of this paper as
Pension Agent, brought two old soldiers
all the way from Clinton county, to have
their Bounty Land applications made out ;
and from a neighborhood, too, where we
happened to have but a single subscriber.
Their documents arc now before the prop
er Department, awaiting their turn to be
examined and passed upon.
Public Sales.
Wc have advertised Auction Sales da
ring the month yet to come, as follows :
Friday, 21st J. II. Tolbert, Kelly Tp.
Saturday ,22d James Uarris,East Buffalo.
do. J. Forstcr, Lewisburg.
Tuesday, 25th Jn Mots.IIainsTp.Cen.Co.
Thursday,27th Col.S.Kebcr's, E.Buffalo.
Saturday, 29th Bctij'n Ri?hcl,Lcwitburg.
5? The water was let in the Canal, on
Saturday last esctpt the North Branch,
which will not be in navigable order for
some time yet. The Pocket Boats are now
running. The Main Line is in active
operation.
BewThe reputed owner of the cow in
Buffalo township, (referred to last week,)
requests ns to say there is no truth what
ever in the reports that have been circula
ted with regard to her powers of speech.
Gen. Scott and Gov. Marcy recent
ly met at Washington, and became recon
ciled both agreeing to let the " fifty cent"
and the "plate of soap' be forgotten.
SUU Agricultural Collese.
We this week give, in our Fanners' De
partment, that part of the able report of
A. L. Russell, Esq., Superintendent of
Common Schools, which contains his plan
of a State Agricultural College a project
of great plausibility, and one which Mr.
Russell advocates, with a cogency and ical
that betoken on his part strong confidence
in its ultimate success.
Without intending now to discuss its
merits, we may briefly suggest an arrange
ment by which the main results sought to
be attained may be accomplished, with
less expense, and at an earlier day, than
- , . T, . ts.
Dy tn8 plan prOpOSCU in tUC tepOrt. 1 Or
. . .1 it- Iu,;cTrio-
j Ll.,l.,ll.V ... o
i J,en fitjlv organized, OS it Vfill be at no
I" . ,fa ,,. 1 . l,
instance ; uio vuiYianj " fc
-t llttl !,
; distant period, Would DC aLllJ WltU IOC
i .... r t P , f flmmtclre nwl
addition of a Professor of Chemistry, ana
onc of Botany, and a few more acres of
laud to accommodate a full proportion of
' agricultuwl students that it issuppOScd
I , . .,
wrQUlU be drawn 10 tUC Oiaie msiuuuun,
and do tlicm full justice, if an annual ap-
prooriation of one hundred and fifty dollars
i were furnished by the Commonwealth for
each student sent by the State. The ap
pointment of the additional Professors
could be made by the Governor or the
Superintendent of Common Schools, and
the beneficiaries be selected from the vari
ous Representative Districts in the manner
designated in the Report. This would
give the Commonwealth a due proportion
of controlling influence, ensure the faithful
application of the funds, and maintain a
just freedom from sectarian influence.
The Colleges at Mcadvillc.Washington,
Cannon.sburg, Gettysburg, Carlisle, Lan
caster, Easton, &c, would doubtless under
take similar arrangements upon the same
terms; and efficient and prosperous agri
cultural schools would be thus established
in various convenient parts of the State,
accomplishing substantially the same prac
tical results contemplated in the plan of
the Superintendent, and at a comparatively
small expense to the Commonwealth.
There would seem to be sonic possibility,
too, that this imposing central establish
ment would be too extensive and cumber
some for effective operations a difficulty
that would be obviated by adding to the
resources of several existing institutions
in convenient locatiens; and which could
in thj aggregate accommodate many more
agricultural students to advantage than
the number proposed for thi9 single estab
lishment. They would, together, be like
ly, also, to secure a greater number of pay
students, from the well known fact that
the greater proportion of students at any
college are generally from its immediate
vicinity, or adjacent counties. An argu
ment, on this point, of considerable force,
is furnished hy an article in the American
Journal of Intanity, page 282, ct scq. in
which it is demonstrated that proximity
to any such public institution is the cause
of more numerous attendance from any
particular locality, and this without refer
ence to the number of persons in the re
spective geographical divisions, who would
be expected to attend. The county in
which a college is situated will always send
more than its proportion of undergraduates ;
and this will doubtless continue to be the
case, notwithstanding the increased faci
lities of travel and communication, by
railroad and telegraph. It is advisable to
secure the greatest good of the greatest
number in this as in other things, and if
six agricultural colleges would, as seems
probable, accommodate more students, as
well, and at less expense than one, it is a
conclusive reason for giving them proper
encouragement and support We may
refer to this subject again.
lThe February No. of the " United
States Law Magazine," has been received,
and (barring some sad typographical errors)
fully sustains the deservedly high reputa
tion of this periodical. This No. contains
a portrait of Chief Justice Taney ; the
whole of Jeremy Bentham's admirable
treatise on Fallacious Argumentation ;
Notes of recent decisions in the States of
New York, Delaware, Arkansas, and In
diana ; a digest of all the cases in the last
Volume of South Carolina Reports ; Notes
of new law books ; and the list of cases
contained in this number. Published by
John Livingston, 51 Wall Street, New
York, at $5 a year.
tSfVt'e observe a bill has been intro
duced into the Legislature, granting a di
vorce to the notorious Dr. William Weth
erill, of Philadelphia. We had supposed
the devclopcmcnts made at the last session,
would put this matter at rest, but it
seems we were mistaken. We presume the
bill will not pass ; but money is omnipo
tent, and there is no telling what a Pcnn
sylvana Legislature will or will not do, or
how much time they will waste, to the
detriment of the public interests, upon mat
ters of which they ought not to take cog
nizance. If any members of cither House
wish to earn an immortality of infamy, let
them vote for this bill.
A bill passed the late session of
Congress, introduced by Senator Hunter,
of Va., which, as carried out by Secretary
Corwin, it is thought will add about $500,
000 per annum to the national revenue,
from iron alone, and give much satisfaction
to that interest The additional tariff on
iron U said to be equivalent to $1,75 per
ton, and 60 osjiU on coal -
atatt e have received nAadvertise01.0
from one of the many infamous imposters
who infest the Atlantic cities, with a re,
qnest to name our terms of publication.
We answer again, that we will not suffer
such advertisements to appear in 0Qr
columns at any price. We decline lending
ourselves to "uch Impositions on the corn
munity, and becoming partieept criming
in the swindling operations of these mis
creants, who, if the laws were duly tn.
forced, would soon find their proper ltTei
ia the cells of the Penitentiary. We
should suppose no respectable Newi-pap.r
Agent in the cities, would knowingly p,!r.
mit such customers to have access to their
files, to thus obtain a knowledge of naou-,
and places without which they would be
unable to impose on the public. Our cit
izens arc often and heavily taxed with
j unpaid " lottery," " washing mixture,"
and other similar circulars, in letter envel
ops, from persons who could have obtained
their names in no other way. It once
was, and still ought to be, the law, that
people thus imposed upon, should bars
the right of returning such documents "to
the P. M., and be relieved from the pos
tag We hope the next Congress will re
duce the rates of postage still further, and
require prc-paymcnt in all cases, jj,;.
will afford some remedy for the evils com
plained of, as Well as a multitude of others.
Since writing the above, we see th.
one of these establishments in New York
has been broken up by the police, and the
"Secretary'' put in limbo. It purported
to be a kind of "Art I'nion," purchasers
of numbers in which were to have a free
passage to ths World's Fair, or drair a
splendid picture at any rate. Th Mana
gers had already received some $15,000
from green ones in the country, and nume
rous letters with remittances have since ar
rived at the N. Y. post office. We ob
serve that an ovcr-the-river eotetnporary
has been slightly ta! ea in hy this sharper,
and imagine he is satisfied by this time
that his logic has on-ly resulted is a " dis
tinction without a difiereiice."
JaayThe Committee of the State Agri
cultural Society met at Ilarrisburg, 7th
ult., Judge Jessup in the chair. They
appointed 22d 2lh Oct. next fur ths
F r t An lual Ex'iibit:on of the Suckly
the rules, and flare of exhibition, to l
hereafter designated.
Dr. A. L. Elwin, Corresponding Sec.,
Philad., requests the address of all agricul
tural societies ; and all persons wishing ta
become members, are desired to forward
$1 to the Treasurer, G. II. Bucher, Hir
risburg. XtaTSumc one more observant than
ourselves, states that the Borough of Nor
thumberland, with half as many inhabi
tants, has had twice as many weddings as
Lewisburg the past season. How is this?
Wont some of our young folks pair off, so
as to enliven our matrimonial records ?
Cake is of little consideration, compared
with having the next census right
AayRead the extracts in another col
umn, showing the waking up of the people
to the importance of the completion of the
Sunbury & Erie Railroad the surest and
most beneficial way of securing the trade
of a large portion of our own and other
States to Philadelphia.
a?"" The Working Farmcr,"Ne w York,
has just commenced its 3d volume, and we
rejoice to see is working its way to honor
and independence. Published by A.
Longctt, 25 Cliff St. New York, at SI per
year in advance.
Jti?-We are indebted to Wm. A. Porter,
Esq., Philadelphia, for a printed copy of
his able argument, in reply to llenry Clay,
in the case of Isaac Shelby, of Ky., r. the
Trustees of tho U.S.Bank, delivered before
the U. S. Sup. Court, 16th Dec. 1350.
B&.II. L. Dicffenbach, of Clinton Co.,
and C. D. Eldred, of Lycoming Co., both
gents of the typo genus, have been chosen
Senatorial Delegates to the Democratic
State Covcntions.
"We learn that the "Sullivan Eagle"
is about to try the hint we gave it about a
year ago take " wings" to Laporte, ths
county scat.
k5 A small parcel of flower seeds wss
received in town yesterday from California,
postage only 81, GO.
JftaTbe new edifice of the German Re
formed Church at Milton, will be dedicated
on Saturday next.
The " 7Ym" has a singularly in
discriminate way, sometimes, of making
assaults.
i&"Tho River and Harbor bill failed
in Congress, but the Appropriation bills
all passed.
The Mexican Instalment Bill is among
those which failed to pass Congress though
there was a large majority for it in the
(louse. Congress also failed lo make an
apprpria:ion lor the publications of tba
Census returns.
The Hon. George Evans declined the
Chargeship to Nicaragua. His name his
consequently been withdrawn by ihe Pres
ident, and that of the Hon. John B. herr
substituted.
The bill to confer on Gen. Scott.the tills
of Lieutenant General, failed in the IIouf,
not quite to thirds of Ihe members voting
to lake at up.
George Curtis, of Boston, it is stated is
the new Commissioner of Pateits, fic
Tho's Ewhank, removed.
Tho'a Butler King is coofimv d by tM
Seiitte u Collector at San Francisco.