j -i,
B
Rli
E C. HICII02, Editor.
0. N. WOlDETJ, Prlater.
LEWISBURGy UNION; CO., PA., NOV. 13, 1850.
Volsne VII, Stonier SI
Whole Kaniter 343.
T!i fevrlburg Chronicle i iued
eery weone uiy in'iooig m ucwwuij, uiuii
county. Pennsylvania.
Tb. f I S'J r year, fur cash actually in
eSvsnre; $1.75, paid ni'hin thr. e months; !j!2
if paid within the year ; J 5tJ ii pud before
the enr eg lire ; uncle iunitei, 6 Sub
scription lor si iiamtha -r l.-s to be paid in
advance. V.scoiiliiniaeees nptiand uiiti llie
I'uMi-her except when the jiar i paid up.
Advert isrmci.t.. ruteUomcly incited at 5'l eta
SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURE.
Haw the National Observatory
IS SCBSEHVINH THR 1XTKRKSTS OP THE FAHMER
AS WELL AS OF TUK MARISCB.
r Mas. ji-Likr u i. civriui.
4V0 V out ici'.o tin: au'u r.n woods.
An J r.i rli the liMvt gro sere ;
. oul into i!ie .iuIutiui nnoda,
K'nr their ileray is mat ;
Till" liMUS ciren fcil maliiW ihem,
tshritik- ito n ilio noith wind' breath
Then out iaio the autumn wuuds,
And we'll be at. the death !
The pheasant trca teth 6i!enily,
Her summer mate to fiuJ.
She tr-me:h hut an autumn L-af
Eorne lur the autuun wind.
Dird-Quakere ! t. y wr iret thoa
The ruset on th wings
loor courtier I 'in the livery
, Ot all deputing things!
The dun doer rszeth wiR'fuIly
tutu liie wind racked skie,
Th.n dmen the lonst vistas tuna
lln mi !atii:hiitv eyes.
IC.J.V h.txp ! I.urra ! the rhise i up,
An1, l-i! he tiituiiU away
I!c m.amed ilid gl nei fading fast;
lie -eri!ifth, ere lb v !
Oh. Autumn i a conqueror !
Jie ncais a froety erown ;
The feartul armory of Uriven,
lie mike h a!l tii D V i.
Hi-" bannetV on the hat.lement.
And wiving m the lreze ;
He in .eih in the pnUe al' might
Am:! the fore;i trees.
The hick hv an l the tulip tree.
Have .'onnnl a golden fron ; -He
toucheih them rrcirtle.ly.
And searter-4 irforiee iim-a. w.
The majde (1. et'l on the houghs
A ' of woodland woe,
bi.e wave hr eijTna! fi:e M IIiMen
Hut Ii an n has Kent the fm !
V.'liai luaticn it 1 they die !i'e king',
E.n h to their aneiei.t ihrone.
Wi ll ainj plume, and tcirlet folje.
And full regalia on.
Mr. Editor : You are aware ihat a lew
years go, I commenced to overhaul musty
ea jourmts, aoJ to set my sea fating
Fer qure one eck. l lor a mm.th an! 5 rof Irjenfjs to ex,,re garrets for retired sea-
a year; a redurnl crire f.ir line-'r ndverliw.-nents. , ,
Two n,narea. S7; M reaniile advertiment. n..t char's old sea chests are very apt to COM-
rxceeilmir one f..uiih ol a reliriin. quaricilv, $1(1. tain old log-Wks hinkir)J that ' from
adveniments and J.ih wurk to be paid fc so,rce observlti0 of .,,,, vaIue
K'r when li:uiie'l in or n liveted. t . .
AM rn nuriiriition by m il mn-i come pot- niight be ohtained touching the winds and
paid, er!rrrmie.t h ti e a l Ire of the writer, to currents of I he sea ; provided these obsCr
rece.ve attention. Tlin-e r. lulin , nrln-ivelv In . . , ,
the Edi.urW iiep-,r.,et. io i.e dir.-, iedt H. -'. va"OD were brougl'1 tgeiber, compared,
ilieKi.K. E( , l:J'.!m aid all on bu-ineu tube anil discussed.
sddred , m. I'ulfokr. . j With the matemis thus obtained. I went
' O. N. VonK. P i'.tKher. '! n",e,'y 10 work and with the assistance of
Lieut. Whiting, U. S. N. nn admirable
dnf smon constructed a sort of sample
chart, th.it navigators, whose assistance I
intended to ask, might have correct ideas
ns to what I proposed to do.
They understood the object at once, ap
preciated the undertdkino, and in true sai-
bir M le, rnoie forward with oners of a
helping hand " riht oflflhe reel."
Thanks to these bold seamen. I have
now not less than one thousand American
merchantmen engaged dully in collecting,
from nil parts of the navigable ocean, ma
terials for the " ind and current charts,'
as th series is called.
The only way by which we can hope to
jcb'ain a correct knowledge of the laws
which govern the general circulation of
the atmosphere, is by an extensive and ex
tended series of observations such as this is.
On the bind, you have the exceptions ; '
the winds are interrupted in their course
by mountain ranges, or are turned aside
by deserts and highly heated sandy plains.
Hut awny out upon the blue waters, where
there are no irrpgMaritics of surface, and
no unduly hea!e districts to interfere with
the general laws which can rule the winds,
there we see them io operation.
Upon the study of these laws, I have
been clotty engaged. Il would be in
vain to hot e for an interpretation of them,
unless with the assistance of such zealous
an J patient co laborers as are the officers
of the navy who are engaged with me up
on the work, and their task would be a
fruitless one, un'ess they hud numerous
nnd , f i ri'pea'ed observations in the most
parts of the ocean to guide them.
These materials are afforded by Ameri
can bltip-masters , and to my mind, it is
one: of ihe most beautiful moral spectacles
that was ever beheld, in this voluntary as
sistance rendered by more than a thousand
for moisture is increased and (hut by
cooling li its capacity fof moisture it di
minished -and consequently, that when an
atmosphere, charged with moisture at a
given temperature, is subjected to a higher
temperature, it will deposit none o( that
moisture either in the shaptt of dew, fogs,
rain, or any other of the forms of precipi
tntion. And finally, that each agriculiu
tural staple, and every fruit of the earth,
require a peculiar combination of wet and
dry weather fur its most vigorous growth,
and for its most perfect development a nd
that where these combinations are found
with soil to suit, there is the place most fa
vorable for the cultivation of that plant,
whether it be corn or cotton, sugar, coflee,
Tlis bird can Frarcc'y bo d'.itlnT-.T
shed from wltbc-rvd:
Free riotc; Jcha Hancock.
Aiaiiiijr tLc remarkable men nltose
bsuss will for tv.-r stand part nn 1 parcel
of t'.;o " Declaration of IiiJejisiidence,"
1 Jtucoi-k, whose bold signature liist fclrikea
j sailor freeman, all in the conducting,
according (oa regular system,, a series of
observations in all parts of the world, at
the ere, was, icrh-.p-. all things c insider-: all hours of the day and the night, in the
td, cne of the most remarkable. He put storm and the calm, for the advancement
most at risk, so f ir as fortune and its ap- of science. This is an undertaking which
Iarances were concerned, for he was the! Solomon's exchequer could not have borne;
richest mutt in the country. He inherited yet here, in Republican America, it is un
the imsmcss and tortune of a liii.Iionairc dertaken at the instance of a subordinate
uncle, sud was the Abbot Lawrence of hia officer of the navy, without power or pa
day. A.hen he was first elected to the- tronje of any sort, and w ithout cost or ex-
1 fov.iii-ial Legislature, Adams Kml to a j pense to any public fund whatever. Nev.
fiietid, " Ujdon has done a wise t!it'n to er was there before such a corns ofobser.
dry.
he's mndc that ioviij Man's firtine vers engaged in concert upon any subject
;" and the proi'licey was litcrall.v of philosophical research. It speaks well,
ucr own
fulfilled, fur he devoted it all to the pub-
I:c use
noes it not, lor the American sailor 7 It is
an offering made by him to his country in
The contrni! .between Liin and Adams! acknowledgment of the effect of her free
was very-
Adams was poor, and
held in great contempt, the style and how
of fortune. Hancock kept a magnificent
equipage, such as is not known in Atneri-
institutions upon his mind.
Hut what, you and your readers are say
ing to yourselves, what have these investi
gations and the work at the Observatory,
ca; Lis apparel was cml,roid.red with g-ild to do with farming and planting 1
and silver; lie rode with ix beautiful
bays he was fond of dancing, music
routs, parties, rich wine, dinners, and all
that kind of things, tailed elegant plea-
. tires.
But bow be estimated the goods of for
tune and concomitants, in comparison with
the cause of liberty, is illustrated by the
following anecdote :
During the seigc of Boston, Gen. Wash
ington consulted Congress as to the pro
priety of bombarding the town. Hancock
was President, and after the reading of
Washington's letter, a motion was made
to p o into committee of the whole, to en
able Jlr. Haner tk to give his opinion, as
be was deeply interegttd all his property
being in houses and real estate. He left
the chair and addressed the chairman as
follows : " It is true, sir, that nearly all I
lave in the world is in the town ef Bos
ton ; but if the expulsion of the British
troops and the liberty of my country de
mand that they lc burnt to anhes, issue
the order, and let the cannon Maze tnciif."
These men were made for the times;
cool, steady and deliberate principles show
in tbcin all; they were ready to take the
spoiling of their goods," to insure us a
better inheritance,
The Grave.
As green vines and beautiful flower
grow over ruins, nourished hy the dust oi
their own decay, so life itnd hope and im
mortal beauty sp.ing op from the ashes ol
he grave, Tht Guardian.
They have almost as much to do with
ayre ul:ure as with navigation ; and they
ei.ncern the husbandman as much as the
ship owner. Tho winds are everything to
i he sailor ; and climate is all in all to the
burner, for the one can get along quite as
well without a breeze, as the other can
without rain. And those who live on dry
land must have winds to bring to them.
from moist places, the rain and dews of
heaven. The vapor which is first con
densed into clouds over our heads, and then
into Iruitfuf showers for the husbandman,
was taken up from the sea, and brought
to its place of precipitation by these winds
ii hrxe courses and laws these sailors are
assisting me to find out.
The (ask is far from being completed ;
yet the undertaking has already been so
for crowned with success, that any one
who will study the results of these obser
vations as developed in the charts, can tell
in w hat part of the world it is now the
rainy, and in what part the dry season,
lie can point out to yoj the rainless dis
'rids. He can show you the basins on the
land in which the quantity of rain that falls
exceeds the quantity of water that is taken
up aeain by evaporation. He can distin
guish these basins from those io which the
precipitation and the evaporation are equal.
He can pick out for you the hot climates
and the cold; and tell you what places
have a warmer and what a colder climate
than that which is due their latitude. ' And
furthermore, he will explain to you the
causes of all these phenomena ; and show
you, by the charts, evidence not to bo mis
taken, that the winds of heaven and the
currents of the sea are as obedient to law
and order, and as harmonious in tin ir lit
ces, as are tho planets and the morning
stars in their orbits and song of praUi1.
lie finds a current of warm water run
ning from the Gulf i f Mexico, over to the
shores of Iurnpe,an d tempering the climate
there, lie Hods a siren m counter in ihL
bearing down icebergs, and bringing a
stream of cold water ulongour own sh.tres;
he discovers like phenomena in other parts
or the world. With these charts spread
out before bim, he w ill explain how these
streams of warm water so modify the tem
perature that, in certain parts ol the world.
as in Oregon or Narwa v. if vou wish to ricP' "bacco, hemp, grape, &c
change your climate, you must not chanoe We "Ka bear it sai I, "good grapes are
your latitude, but your loncitude. Dille- Rr0n and excellent wines are made tn
rencea of climate there are soonest reached I uroPei l along the parallels of latitude
not by traveling north or south as with "on wnicn wt5 dwell ; why, therefore
us, but by traveling east or west. I should we not plant the vine), cultivate the
He will perceive that the winds which 2rnPp and produce our wines here also T"
circulate over America, are for the most IJI0D s,,cn a process of reasoning, large
part fresh from the ocean, while those "ums " money have been wasted, both
which cross Africa come mostly over the hy governments and individuals.in attempt
land from Asia, upon whose hih moun in8 ,0 introduce the culture of this or that
taitn tops they have precipitated all their s"P'e in districts and regions, where it is
moisture. Hence he will tell you, that on'y necessary to know whence comes the
Africa for the most part is a dry county ; ik 'bat supply those districts and re-
America. in comparison, a wet one. And 8'on w!,n moisture, in order to decide ns
in proof of this, he will point you to the !o ,no adaptation of such climates for such
arid plains there, and to our treat rivers staples.
here, as the Amazon and the Mississippi, England has expended large sums in
maintaining that the quantity of water an- attempting to introduce the culture of cot
Dually discharged by them, is but another! 10,1 India. Sow if her wise men had
expression for the difference beUeen the had the advantages of ihe facts with regard
amount of rain which falls in, and the to the winds which these Yankee sailors
amount which is taken up from, the valleys are gratuitously collecting lor me in every
that are drained by these rivers. The sea ,hey would have seen at on:e, that
charts teach him to regard rivers, in one I though the plant may grow, it will not
respect at least, as great rain gauges set flourish there. The winds there come for
up by nature for her own manifold pur- " Part f tne year from the sea, and for
poses. 'he other part from the land, consequently
He will show you how the waters that at one season, they bring too much, and
run down the Amazon river and its tribu- 1,1 another too little moisture for the plant,
taries, are taken up by tho winds of hcav- Cotton may grow along some of the sea
en from the Atlantic Ocean, and carried casi of Africa, and along narrow strips
in invisible streams through the air, to the " Holland ; but there are no exten-
sources of these rivers in the upper coun- 8lve regions in the world adapted, I speak
try; and he will almost prove to you, not of artificial appliances (as irrigation)
from the reasoning of the charts, that the 10 'be vigorous developement of this plant,
waters which run down the Mississippi except in.China.'he United States, and the
river are evaporated from the Pacific valleys of the Amnion and the Rio de la
Ocean, and brought by the clouds and the Plata. The winds which circulate over
winds across the mountains, to fertilize these countries, come from the same rela-
and fructify that teeming valley. live places : they come across the sea.and
And then, with a hymn in his heart, he bring to the land continually fresh supplies
will sing you in silence his song ol praise ; of moisture, which is daily deposited in
and whisper vou that these investigations plentiful showers in this or that place.
have, in his mind, converted the Andes, Tea will grow in Brazil ; but that grown
the Cordtlleries, the Sierra Nevada, and 'n 'be climate of Rio will be to the tea of
other lofty mountain ranees of the comi- China a little worse than the cotton of In-
nent, into everlasting monuments of the dia is to our sea island. Mr. Smith i3 not
wisdom and the goodness of God. wrong in supposing that good tea may be
Ask him. How ! and he will show you grown in South Carolina, Indeed, my in-
that the N. E. and the S. E. Trade Winds, vesications upon the wind and currents cf
bavins blown across the broad Alantic. 'he sea give reason to believe that if the
reached our shores charged with moisture, S01' be thin, tea may be grown as high up
which moisture, as it gradually loses the M Virginia nnd Tennessee, if not higher,
heat that holds it in a state of vapor, is as But whether it can be profitably grown is
gradually precipitated over the plains and another matter. To pick 13 lbs. of leaves
valleys until it reaches tho tops of those hina, a day, is the work of a man. His
snow-capped mountains on which the wages are about six cen's a day. Aficr
last drop of water that that very cold tern- 'his, the tea has to be passed through the
perature can wring from these winds, is
precipitated. Those winds then tumble
down into the valleys beyond, as in I'eru,
cold and dry winds without moisture
enough in them to make rain of. Now il
the Andes and Rocky Mountains had been
stretched along the eastern instead of the
estern coasts, their chilly heights would
still have condensed from these winds oil
their vapor, and all of this prolonged wes
tern slope would have been what the ab
rupt Pacific declivities are, rainless and
barren districts.
In these charts, too, he will acknowl
edge al least one of the offices which the
Great Desert of Sahara performs in ihe
grand and beautiful system of cosmical
arrangements. For by these observations,
though made far off at sea, he will see that
when the sun is pouring down his rays
with greatest intensity upon those arid Af
rican plains, the regular course of the
Trade Winds over a large portion of the
Atlantic is altered, and that instead of
blowing from the Desert, they blow di
rectly toward $ it so great is the rarefac
tion there. These winds, coming from a
tropical sea, are necessarily loaded with
moisture ; and being turned back, they
precipitate their showers along the western
coasts of intertropical Africa, divide the
seasons there into wet and dry, and make
that country habitable for man.
Bearing in mind these and the other
facts which are (old by the charts, and re
collecting a few philosophical principles,
we shall tee how directly these investiga
tions at tea bear upon the productive ca
pacities of climates on the land. .
These principles are ; that the hygro-
metrical state of the atmosphere, as well
as the state of the climate as it regards
temperaiure.is an element in the adaptation
of climate for this or that article of agri
cultural produce. That by raising the
various processes of beating, poping. rolling,
drying, &c, before it is ready for the mar
ket ; all of which as practised in China
are tedious and troublesome, and would
be, here, expensive operations. I speak
not of what Yankee ingenuity may do in
the way of curing and gathering by machi
nery. My investigations also show always
supposing the $oil be there that cotton,
sugar, coffee, rice, and tobacco, and indi
go, with spices, drugs and balsams, of in
finite variety and great value, may be
grown from the mouth of the Amazon all
the way up to the base of the Andes
and ihey point to the valley of ihat river
and its various tributaries, as one of prodi
gious capacities as far exceeding those of
our great and greatly boasted Mississippi
valley, as this exceeds that of the Hudson.
The valley of the Aomzon is rich,wide,and
fruitful beyond measure.
These investigations also indicate what,
upon inquiry I learn is the case) that there
is a wet and dry side to tho Alleghany
Mountains that in some parts of the range,
the eastern, and in others the western side
is the dry side. Good grapes I am sure
will grow on these dry sides, and it is
probable that Ihey would make good wine.
We know how powerfully the presence
of abundant moisture in Ihe atmosphere
affects the flavor of our delicate fruits ; at
certain stages of the crop a few days of
rainy weather will destroy the flavor of.
the strawberry, the peach, &c. ; and we
know that the grape requires sunshine and
dry air to pet feci its secretions. The finest
grapes in the world are grown in the Tal
ler of the Caspian sea, where Humboldt
teils os the air is so pore that the most fine
ly polished steel may be exposed in the
open air for days and days without having
its lustre tarnished. 1 his is but another ex
pression for a low dew point or a dry at-
precipitation, as in our own v.illey of the
great Salt Lake, are exactly eq-mt.
Though there may be here and there uh
der ihe mountains of Georgia, the Caro
linas. Virginia. Tennessee, Aic, small dis
tricts adapted lo the production of wine,
these charts "of the winds and currents ot
the sea," indicate that there is on this Con
tinent a large district, Ihe climate for I
know nothing of soils of which is admi
rably adapted to the culture of the grape.
That climate is in Northwestern Texas,
and the region thereabout.
I may be excused from mentioning ano
ther discovery with regard to ihe culture
of the peach and other fruits, ta which I
have been led by experiments with the
thermometer on a fleece ol wool. I pro
cured a bit of lanned sheep-skin with the
wool on, placed it wi'h the woolly side up,
in a bucket as though I intended it for a
hen's nest ; I then put a thermometer in it
with-the bulb in the bottom of the nest, and
set it oul in the open air. This thermom
eter, of certain clear nights in August, wheu
the thermometer on the outsiJe of the nest j
and also in the open air stood at 75 and
when that in the nest during the day had
ranged as high as ISO6, was found lo stand
at 42".
This explained to me the reason of our
finding in the low lands and bottotis the
earliest signs of rost in autumn, and the la
test in spring. These are tho places,
therefore, which in clear weather, when
radiation is active, are the hottest in the
day and the coolest in (he night. And if
you plant the peach there, ihey will force
its blossoms in ihe day, and nip ihem with
their frosts at night.
Now,on the hill tops and sides, the wea
ther is cooler in the day and warmer in (he
night when radiation is active consequen
tly the hill lops and sides will not force
the buds so soon, nor make frosts, nor kill
the fruit, when the bottom will : and there.
fore the hill tops and sides.not the bottoms,
are the places for orchards. There is a
ridge about Washington upon which the
peaches seldom fail, when failure is com
mon to orchards planted a short distance
from it on either side.
Traveling last summer through the beau
tiful valley of Wyoming, I noticed neur
Wilkes-Barre that with the fine mountain
ridges close at hand, the apple orchards
were all in the river bottoms the worst
possible place for them and on inquiry
was told (what I knew would be said with
out asking) that it was a poor fruit coun
try. The best fruit growing height of each
district must be determined by actual expe
rimcnt ; and i have no doubt if tho larm
ers of Wyoming valley Would cut down
iheir fruit trees in the river bottoms, and
plant an orchard reaching from near the
base to the top of the surrounding hills,
they would discover one of the best apple
growing elevation ; and planting orchards
at ihat pitch they would probably be rewar
ded with fine fruil.
I have been led into these remarks with
the hope of interesting the farmers and
your readers in my investigations. If I
succeed, perhaps they will join with
the sailors and assist me also by
their observations for the "wind and
current' charts. The observations
which I particularly desire to have made
on the land, are those which will answer
lo the following questions, which each ob
server will consider as addressed particu
larly to himself:
What are the winds that bring rain to
plant abundant moisture. Thus we some
times see particularly in limestone regions
the rocks where they creep out in dry pla
Ces, dripping with mnis'Ure, thouoh ihere
be not a cloud in ihe sky. The farmer
will lull you it is a sign of rain, an I the
m-.teorologisl will say it indicates tne same,
for it shows ihat the dew point is hiU; in
other words, that a humid atmosphere is
present.
The most convenient method of observ
ing dew point is ihUi Put water in a bright
tin or silver cup, taking care that the wa
ter be not colj enough to caue a dpo-it
of moisture on the outside of the cup ; then
put ice in and str it with a ihermon.oter
until the first apcaranct of deposition is
seeo on the outside of ihe cup. The height
al which the thermometer in the cup stands j
at this moment, is tiie dew point.
Care should be take to make thiscxprr
iment in the open air ; and this me1 hod
will givg the dew point when it is not he
low 3'i3, which Is generally the case in al!
the seasons except the winter, when vege
tation is less active, and therefore when
I he observation is of not so much practical
importance to the farmer.
At the same time that ihe dew point is
observed, the height of the thermometer in
a good shade exposure should alf be ob
served. This should not be neglected ;
fir it is the difference between the ther
mometer in the cup and in the shade, that
affords one cf the terms fir expressing
the elasticity ol the vapor in the atmos
phere. Many who may be disposed to makp
these observations, may not have access
to an ice-house. In such cases, the next
best thing is to observe what is called the
" wet bulb.' For this, take a commou
thermometer and tie around the bulb a
thin piece of fine old linen, cotton, or silk
rag wet it with water that his been
standing in the open air for sometime, and
long enough lo take the temperature or the
air ; after ihe bulb has been wet for about
five minutes, and exposed to the open air.
note the thermometer. At the time the
wet bulb is noted, note also.as in the other
case, the thermometer in the shade.
In the courae of a short limp, your agri
cultural societies would find these observa
tions of great value. I have no doubt yo j,
Mr. Editor, would publish them with plea
sure, and so serve the community and
oblige your friend,
M. F. Mai rx, Lieut. U. & N.
National Obervatorv.
Washington, June,lS50.
near ihe sea, we bear of deva-tn'ion on the)
largest ra!e, and bo comprint r f drought.
From Halifax 'coun' y, rliatle f.irmrr
brings inleliiyerirp of the destructive!
rfT rct,nnd s'a'rs ihat no rn'n bad fallen Tot
nearly six week. We have seen one field
much given to rust on the lia-rem s!opet
ami very little tainted els" here Another
crop in the same nrighbrbmd is free from
it, except in the bottoms whpr; ihe s ol i-t
moist. Perhaps lb1 nbervation sug
gested by Lieut. M. may lend to somethinj
which will solve these mysterieu ibfTe
rences. ConiparisO'n betwrri d iTrent
annotntnrs the reaction ol m'nd fpon
mind the analyst of conclusions arrive"!
at by i-arh. would, it rm to u, brio
about some deSni'e anJ fixed ih-'ory and
thereby etinhlo u to lessen ev,ls nj
bearing heavily Upon Us.
The remarks upon the !v?st si'urions
fir orchards for d.tle.rent species of fruit,
will he.1pprejiated,as their iru'h i V nown.
by ihe oldest inhabitants." Lieut. M-propo-es,
by scientific investigitinn. to tet
duce new truths from observa'icn f be
nomeni with which we are already
mil.ar.
We shall take pleasure in Complying
witri tus suggestion r.f pub'lshtpg Troin
time to lime such private meteorological
observations as may b made by any of our
friend. Southern Plttnttt.
tcr the Lewisfcnrj ChrorUle.
temperature of the atmosphere, its capacity mosphere. There the evaporation and
you !
W hat is the situation of your farm with
regard to the mountains or the sea coast 1
What are the fruits and agricultural sta
ples that are best adapted to your region
of country generally ; what to your farm ?
I will consider it a great favor to have
replies lo these interrogatories addressed to
me at Washington, by letter.
I may be permitted also to suggest to
farmers, planters, and agricultural societies.
and to those persons in the country gener
ally who arO in the habit of keeping pri
vate meteorological journals, the import
ance of making them public, and of con
necting with them records as to the dew
point, and as to the flowering of different
kinds of plants, fruits, and trees especial
ly as to the budding, the flowering and the
ripening of the whortleberry, which I be
leive is found in almost all latitudes, be
tween the parallels of Siberia and the Equa
tor. Permit me to add a few words in expla
nation of observations as to the dew point ,
in addition to those usually made by pers
ons as to thermometer, barometer,! he wind
and rain gouges.
It will appear obvious to all. from what
has already beep said, that when we know
the latitude and range of the thermometer
here this or that article b grown, we
know really very little as to the climate
suited to its growth. To determine that,
we want to know also the quantity of moi
sture in the atmosphere aa well as the
quantity of rain that fulls. An atmosphere
may be very humid, still it tray give out
It affords us much pleasure to lay be
fore our readers the foregoing letter which
has been addressed to us by Lieut. Maury
of the National Observatory. We feel
confident they will share with us the sat
isfaction we have enjoyed in its perusal.
Such observations as those recommen
ded, if conducted with care, can not fail
to De uselul to farmers in ever? section of
our country. May we not hope indeed,
add our earnest entreaty, that ihey will
second Lieut. Maury in ihe praiseworthy
efforts he is making for the benefit of agri
cultural science ? In that cath;lij spirit
which distinguishes all men of true sci nee,
Lieut. M. does not confine his attention
within the verge of his own immediate pro
fession, but freely lenders lo others all the
discoveries he has made in its pursuit.
The subject above discussed is eminent
ly practical, when it comes to be considered
in all its bearings. Oor own observation
and reflection tell us that it is so. And it
so, how invaluable the gift that enable
us to know where wc may most profitably
till and reap ! The allusions made lo the
various attempts at the forced culiure of
grapes, cotton and tea are very apt, and
their truth is further verified by what we
often see passing around us in our own
State, where not only vegetable but ani
mal life is but loo often sought to be
pushed forward in atmosphere uncongenial
to its existence. In ihnt great staple, the
wheat crop, wo fee numerous diseases
blighting its growth and shortening its
yield. Tbu fly, the scab, the smut, the
rust arc some of them. If we can by
careful obst'tvation ol wind and wea'her
avert or mitigate these evils, are we not
gainers by the process I It was but the
other day that iu walking over the wheat
field of Mr. Gilmer of Albermarle, he
pointed out here and there spots in it
rolling surface on which the Hessian fly
had "encamped'' and effectually destroyed
the growth. Mr. G. attributed ihis to the
southwesterly winds which prevail in the
fall and deposit the germ of the insect
wherever they blow. This opinion was
apparently confirmed by the situation of
infccied spots which was on the southwes
tern slopes.
Now as to that wholesale destroyer, the
rust : who has yet discovered the means
or mode of escaping its ravages 1 At ihe
very moment we write, large Districts in
our Stale are suffering the severest conse
quences from it. The iheoriea accounting
lor its presence are variant in the extreme,
but little rain, though it may afford the From tho co;"!ty of Gloucester, situated
The mariner' prare in tl brsutrful wa f
W'lv-re Ihe $-tr-rleS5 bittews aw ruairon- to freet
Where tlw breaker are dajb'rir and fcotlc-w wirds ran
Ob, when la the it like Uie cariawf "a frmTc t
The pearl ia bis pillow, the arft-weed bis bed.
With the sentinel stan keeping atch vet hi he4t
The foaming white surges bis -.-ruleher law.
And the mountains are hih 'round the m r.ner't grave
Away fita the fury ard din tf the shore.
Ilia slumbers are still 'mid the hurri tar's rear;
But the music that 's flnoting from ware suite wares
Is the waterprite's son o'er the mariner's frara.
The hand cf tlx ru tide's will ncret tnTsde
The coral-cased tomb where the rotor is laid ;
When the ramparts of tmb,-r and steel ran net sere,
The spray will leap buh ruuud the mariner's grave- S
How to get to Sleep.
How to get to sleep is, to manv person js
matter of htgTi importance. Nervou
persons, who are troubled with wakeful
ness and excitability, usually bave a
s'rong tendency of Llood lo the brain,
with cold eVremiiies. The pressure of
blood on the brain keeps it in a stimulated
or wakeful state, and the pulsations in ihu
head are of'tti painful. Lei such ii.se and
chafe the body end extremities with a
crash lowel,or rub smartly with tho hands,
to promote circulation, and withdraw the
excessive amount of blood iro'm the brain,
and ihey wih lail asleep in a few moments.
A cold bath, or spunge bmh, and rubbing,
or a cold run, or a rapid walk io the open
air, or going up and down stairs a fctv
limns, just before retiring, .id aid in rqual
iing circulation and nroino ins s'fep.
Thfse rules are simple, and etsy of appli
cation in castle or cabin, and may mxi-ter
lo the comfort cf thousands who w -.Ii
frrely expend money for an enodt ne 'o
promote " Njtu.'t's sweet restorer, U'my
sleep."
The Home of Tx:"9.
How eay it :s to be nent to I e clean I
How easy to arrange the rxons wiih i'e
most gracelul propriety ! II w easy it i I s
invest our houses iili ine truest eh-gnorr!
Eeance resides not wi'h the upho'-i-r or
the d-aper ; ii is not in the mosaic, ths
car, cling, tho rose worn), the inahoi'iny,
ihe ratidt-labr'i, or the marts e ornan.eii's ;
il exists in tlx; spirit presiding mtr th'J
chambers of tho dwelling. C'on einniriit
must utwats re most nceftil ; it shuj nf
renity over the sceius of its abode; it
iranslorms a was .- into a gunU n. 'I I a
home lighted by these itriiiiauon f a
hler and brighter life may be wan'ing in
much th it the discontented desire; bit to
i's inhabitants il will lie a pla-'e laronivi-t
ing the orientals ill glory and brilliancy
Tie Golem Frcs3.
The superiority of ihe mod: rn (or n d.
the School over the ancient, is by no mean
as striking as that grent triumpt and pa
rent of triumphs of modern ver One eot
ages, Tim Puts- What a sorry figure
wduld ihe t-siablishniiMit cf the fraternal
copartnership i f the Sc-sii & Co. exhibit
ihe crack publishing house "f Augustan
Rome with thiir tew hundreds of un
wieldy volumes of rolled parchrrenf. paio
futly transcribed with a reed or iron fen,
beside our liar; er & Brothers, whose irera
advertisement catalogues would furnish
more paes, than nil Auustao Rome eter
published. Much the same figure which
the squadrorrs of Persian and Grecian
barques, which fought these fioht of S
lumis would exhibit beside the modrn
Ironside" and Peace rokers' who
achieve the Trafalgar and Navari.io
our day. President JrfJersou'a immortal
squadron of gun-boa's might have van
quished the wholn navy of all antiquity it!
a single fight.?. Whd?m.
r
f
X,
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