Q la 11=1 12 Fl : - :: NM . . • u. 1,• , -4 ~ .- a... up“! I'll Unm Sum:— ' 9%. wk]: 5 «anon on old as tho ibolf. I wage before you to 'm bdofly, an to also in your 350 M prescribed by the Con éfln United States lo be token 5y 'dent. before he enter- on the W'olhil ofloe. I do ,wt confide: it necenu-y n: present ”fl “diam. those matters of ndminis— ‘WM which there in no special anx iow armament. ' noun 0! ml suns. Aprnhomion seems m exist. among the poop e ofthe Southern States that by the amnion of I Republican Administration 'thoit poperty and their peace and p banal mtg no to be endangerrd. Thu-e has new any remnablu come for such radiation. Indeed “14- most ample cv oo to the contrary his all the whilu ex isted. “Id been Open to thir insmwlinn ; it is found in neuly all :he published speeches of him who now mldrewu you. ' Ida but quote {mm mm of those speeches ,Whn I declara limb I have no puzpou: di rectly or indirectly to inwriore mm the m lfimtion of davery in the States where it c-x -ha; I believe I have no lawful mph: to do ,10. Indl have no inclination to do w.— Thooe who nominnxed and elected me did no with the full knowlcdge [hut I bud made 1.“. sad many similar declarations and had mgr recanted them, and umre than tins. “my placed in the phtform for my flccvp unoqn n law to tin-mscluw 1.1”] to me. the :23: And emphatic resolunou Much I now ES Ruched. That the maintenance inviolate I .ot'the rights of tin-State's rind ca cciully the right of each State to order andfuontrol its ’m domestic institutions according to its own judgment exclusively, is em-ntial to; that bdance of power on which the perfec tion and endurance of our politiml fabric depend, Ind We denounce the lawless inva lion, by nn armed force. of the soil ofany State or territory, no matter under what . pretext, as among the gruve‘wt of crimes. 1 now reiter'ntt- thou- M-ntiments. unl in doinglo I only pie». upon the public nttcn tion the most conclumu- . \‘nlt'nt'r‘ of which the case is susceptible th.it the property, pmeand security ot‘no ~eCt‘iun are to be in my wine endangered by the now incoming Administration. 1 I Add; too, that all the protection which «unintently with the constitution and the? lam can be given. will he cheerfully given “133 Stntes. when lawfully demanded. , {or ever cause, an cheertully to one sco tion as to Another. ‘ rcoirivx sLAvu. ‘ There is much controversy about the de livering of fugitives from service or lubor.—, -Tho chute I now read is u plainly written in tho Conntitution on any other of its pro visions: - - .‘f No person held to service or labor in. one Stole under the laws thereof escaping E: mother. Ihnll, in consequence of my or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be de~ livorod upon claim of the party to whom finch service or labor may be due.” ‘ltis swcoly questioned that this provi ' was intended by these who nude fit?” the reclaiming of what we call fugitive I van. Ind the intention of the lawgiver is the law. ' All members of (‘o!)ng «wear their sup .prt to the whole Constitution; to this provi liony m‘uoh us to any other. $0 the propouition then that. cloves. .whooe we: come within the terms of this clone Ind shall he delivered up, their osths m unlnimous. Now, if they would nuke the efl‘ort in good temper, could they not. with nonrly equal unanimity frame Ind pm slaw by means of which to keep good tint unanimous oath. There is some difi‘o— mofopinion whether this clnusc ghould be enforced by National orfitate authority, but sgi‘ely that ‘difi'crencd is not 5 very 'lnflennl one. lfthe slave is lobe Entren derod it can be of but of little consequence to him or to others, by which authority it is - ‘done, nnd should any one in an case be oontent'thst his oath shall be unhept on a merely unsubstantiul ooutroveruy u to how it nhnll be kept! Again. in my law upon this subject ought not all the safegunrds ofliberty known in civilized and humane jurisprudeuw to he introduced so that a freeman my not he in pay me surrendered as n slave. And might it not. be well at the some time to provide by law for thrz enforcement of thatl clluse in the Constitution which guarantees thnt the citizens of each Statejhnll be enti tl'ed to all the provisions and immunities of citizens in the several States. ‘ i[ take the official oath to-dny, with no gurpose to construethc Constitution or laws y any hyporcritical rule; and while I do not cho=e now to npecitygiarticular acts of ,Congrosa as proper to be enforced, I do suggest that it will be much safer for all, both in official nnd private atations. to con form to and abide by all those acts which stand unremaledy than to violate any of them trustin to find impunity in having them held to he unconstitutional. It is seventy-two yenn since the first in nu'gtration ofa President under our Nation nl Comtitution : during that period fifteen difi'erent and greatly distinguished citizdns have, in succeesion. administered the Exec— utive branch of the Government. They hove conducted it through many peril: and generally with great sum e», yet with all this scope for precedent 1 now enter upon .the same task for the brief ’conatitutionnl germ-1f four years under great and peculiar Mon ty. A disruption of the Federal Union. heretofore only menaced. is now for midably attempted: I hold that by con tem~ plation of universal luw nnd of the Condi tution.the Union of then: States is perpetu pJ; perpetuity is implkd if not exprereed in the fundamental hm ofull national goi'eru menu. ,It is safcto assert that government pro or never had a provision in its organic Eur for its own termination. Continue to ex ecute All the express provistons of our Fatipnal Constitution and the Union will hdure forever, it being impossible to destroy iteXcept by some action not. provided for in the instrument itself. Again, it' the United states he not a government proper, but an ’association of States in the nature of con (trnct merely, can it as a contract he peacea bly unnnde by less than all the parties who undo it? One puty to :1 contract mny violate it, break it .0 to speak, but does it not re quire all to lawfully rescind it.’ Descending from these general principles yve find the proposition that in legal contem gluion the Union is perpetual, continued ‘ y the history of the Union itself. The knion is much older than the Constitution. It‘fiaq formed in fact by the Articles of As socinfiop in 1:74. It was matured and con ' tinned by the Declaration of Independence ‘ in 1776. It was further matured and the faith ofnll the then thirteen State- ex reu {y plighted and rJlgazcd that it chourd he mm by the articles of confederuxou in l a . And finnlly, in 1787 one; of the declared Mean for ordainiug and eséablishing the Constitution was to form n more perfect Egon, but. if destruction of the Union by “ (it El“ part only of the States he unful " pool e, the Union islees than before ghe " _ ' tion. having lost the vital element Hwtuity; it follows from these riews Lb 30 State upon its on: were motion ‘. grillwfully get out of the Union; that. reg ”I'os And ordinances to thnt effect ere lo “pflyvnid;mdthntacuofviolenoe within "mm sexing {hwy ofthe United " "- ‘ ‘4':" m v revohztiomry not the century. ‘I trust this wilfiothe em .mh country. with it: institu reguded u I menace, baton“? undeclnred tions. to the people who inh-hit lL purpose of Union; thnt it w' eomtitntion- When". grow wary of the existing ell} defendinnd maintain itself in doing government. 1., can net-eke their consti thu. there need be noblood-hed or violence. .tutionnl right of unendin it, or their rero and there shall be none unless it be forced lntionery ri‘ht D diememlier or overthrow upon the Netionel authority. The power it. I cannot be Ignorant of the feet thet confided to me will be used to hold, oompy may worthy end patriotic cltilen- ere de utd pom-seen the property end pluc- belong drone of luring the Netionnl Constitution ging to the Government. and to collect ' mended. While I make no recommend» duties and impoeu. but beyond whet. my tion: of amendments, I fully recognize the be necessary for theee objects there will be ' htful authority of the People over the no invuiou. no using of force against or xv’v‘hole subject. to be exercised in either of among people anywhere. Where hostle the mode. prescribed in the indmment it» to the United States in my internr locality self. end 1 should under exuding circum ehnll be mgrent and universal uto reveal entices, favor rather than oppose a fair op compctent resid.nt citizens from liolding portunity being afforded the people to not federal oflicm, then- will he no attempt to upon it. force obnoxious atangrn among the «mile 1 will venture to odd that. to me. the Con forthntohjmtzisliilcthrmtriutlcgnlriglztmu) ventinn mule seems preh-rnblc, inasmuch exist. in the government to enforce the ex- us it allons the mun-minin-nt to originate with erciee of the-c uflicea'. the attempt. to do so the pcnple thomsL-lies, inhwl in all parts of the L'timn, m wyit rxr refuw. for as pmsihle. The people everywhere 1 utnler-tund a propmul animi«lment,' shall have that sense of pcrfvct security how ever, 1 have not St't‘n. hm I‘Wl Con uhich in mo-t favorably to calm thoughts grew to the vtl'cct. that the Ft-dvrul Gmcrn and refit-trim). The COD-e here indicated tnent elmll tutu-r intrrfcrc with domestic “ill be followed tmlma current events and institutions at the States, including that of exporiente shull rhow a mod.ticatton or perwnu held to service. Tnmutd umiwon change to he 'ropcr, and in every we and ntructtun of whut l hmeuid, ltlr-pnrt from exigcncy my Est?! (lucrotinn Will be uxcrci- my pur;m~'c no; to ape-Ali Of particular sod according to circumptunccs actuully cx- amendments. m fur as to say that holding irllllg. mid With a Vlt'W and a hope of n skull a ptm‘iwvn to l».- nmv intplu-d u eon-l peaceful mlutinn of the National troubles, utitutimml law, 1 have no objection to Yul and the reatorution of fraternal sympathzu being made 011110534 and irtmucublc. The‘ and utl‘cctiuns. .Chivf Blugtrtrato dtriw-s 111 l lii-I authority That there are persons in one section or from the people and they have conferred another who neck to destroy the Union at none upon him to make town; for the lep nll cvpnts. and no glad of any pretext to do. nrution of the States. The people them it, I will neither utlirtn or deny ; but if there selves can do this also if they chow. but the be such, lnccd atldtesn no word. To those. Executive, as ruch.hbnntlnnélo do with it; however. who really love the Union. may 1 his duty is to administer the pron-tit govern not spook. Bcforr- entering upon so grave a mcnt us it came to his hand; and to trum muttcr on the (ltwttut‘tion of our national mit it unimpaired by him to his successor. {ulyrio'nuiubcncfitmitstuctnrurim,nndhopeal Why should there not baa patient conti would it not he wire to ascertain precisely , dance in the ultimatcjnsti‘cc of the people. “hat we do; will you hazard co desperate . iatherc any bettcron-qunl horn-inthc world. a step while there is any lmibility that hnyi ln our’prentent difli-rcncm is either party portion of thc ill~' you fly from have no real ‘ without uith of being in right'if the A t'thlflnCF: will you, while tho ccrtain illsl mighty Ruler of nations with his eternal you fly to are groutcr thun all the real ones truth andjusticohoonyoursidc ofthc North you fir from; will you risk the (ommiaaion or“ on yours of the South,thnt truth and of so fearful a mistake? All pr'ofeu to he that justice will surely prerail by thojndg content in the Union if all constitutional men: of this t tribunal. the American rights can he maintained. is it true, then. pmplmhy the mm of the Government un that any right plainly written in the Con- der which we live; this some people hue Ititution has been denied? 1 think not.— wisely given their servants but little pom-r Ilnpgily the. humttn mind is ao constitut-jfor miwhiof. and have with equal wudorn od t at no party can reach to the autlw' nrovided for the return of that httletntheir ity of doing this. Think if you can of I own hands at very short intervals. “'hilo single instance in which a plainly written ‘ the people retain their virtue and vigilance provision of the Conatitution’hna ever been i no administration by any extreme of wick denied. If by the more form of numbers, educa- or folly can very aeriomly injure the a majority‘should deprive: minority of pay gnvemment in the abort apt-co of four years. clearly written Constitutional rightit might, ‘ My countrymen one and all. think calmly in amoral point of riow,juntify amolutwn; and well upon this whole subject; nothing it certain] would it' Inch a right were a vi- , valuable can he lost; by taking time. If tal one. lint such is not our cal-e. All the there be any object to hurry any of you in vital rifhts of minorities and ofindividuala hot haste to a step which you would never aresop ainlyasmrodtothem,byaflirmation take deliberately. that olgcct will he frus and nogntions, gtnrantees and prohibitions t ted by takinfi time, but no Food object in the ‘onstitution. that controversies nev- ‘ nbe frustmt by it. Such 0 you as are er aria. concerning them; but no organic: ' tidied still have tho old Constitution, law can be framed with a provision a cifi- ' unimpaired. and on the aemitivo point the “applicable to oreryqucstionwhicliemay laws of your own framing under it;whilo occur in practical wlmxnixtlntion. No fore» the now administration will have no immo sight can anticipate. nor any document of‘ (linto power. if it would. to change eithcr. rent-unable lcngth. contain exprm imriv' if it. new admitted thattynu who are dissat inns for all possible questions. Shall fugi- irficdphold the right ai o in the dispute, thH from labor be surrendered by national them still is no single good roman {or pro or State authority? The Constitution doea'cipitnte action. lntulligcuce, patriotism. not. expressly any. May Congress prohibit : christiunity. andafinu rclinnce on Him who slavery in the territories? TheComtitntion | has nevi-r fomkcn this favored land, are does not expressly say. Mnat. (bnm'atill competent to «trust. in the best way. protect slavery in the territories? The Com 1 all our ‘prcsent difficulties. stitution does not- expressly say. From i. In your hands, my dismthficd country ueations of this class spring all our Consti- men. and not in mini». is the nu-mcntous is gitional controversies. and we divide upon sue of civil Ivar: the government will not . them into mtnjoritiesand minorities. lf tho twinil you: you can how- no mntlict without ‘ minority will not acquiesce. the majority ‘ hcing yourrelros tho ants-sworn. You have ‘ must, or the government must cease. . no oath rcgistcrcd in hmrcn to destroy the There is no other ulternnfiva for continu ing the, government but acquiescence on the one side or the other. If a minori ly in such case will secede rather llmn ao quiesce, they; mnkfi precedent which in turn will divide or ’n them, for A minor ity of their own will sacede Irom tlzum when ever I. majority reflim to be con rolled by such I minority. For‘inflance, why may not any porlion of snow confoderacy 3 you or two hencw. urbitr-rily we de again, pro cisl ly :3 portions of the present Union now claim to :ecede from it. All who cherish disunipn sentim-Inu are now being etxucxtgd to the exact tompfir of (going t..is. I: who such perfecfi identity of itgreda among the Mata; to co 3 new Union ”to produce humofid prevent renewed secess ion 2 _ 3y the central idea of spewion is the 95545 an of anarchy; a majority held. if! restraint by cnnstilutionnl checks I'm} limitatiom wd nlwnys changing easily with the delitzerute cyanges of populu' opiyions and sentiment! in the only true sovereign of a free ' Whoever reject: it, does of necessity ‘ .finuchy u- to despotism.— L'nanimity is impossible. The rule ofnmi- nority (LS a permanent arrangement is whol- ly inadmissible. So that rejecting the ma- jority fprinciple, anarchy and despotism in some arm. is all that is left. Ido not for- ze't the position mourned by some that con- stituti' nul question: are to be decided by the Supreme Court, nor d 9 I deny that such decisions must be binding in any mute upon the partie‘ t r a suit In to th? object of that suit.while 2h ey are also entitled to var? high respect and comidemtion in all para - Xcl csos by all otqer Dermnmenm of the government. and while it 13 obviou-xly poai- ble that aux-h decicimx may he erroneous in any given once, still the oviil ell'ect following it. bung limited to that particubxrcase‘ wnll the chance that it may be over-ruled and never become a preceacm for others, had better be borne than could the evils of a different practice. At the same time the candid citizen mu>t confess that if the pol icy of the gowrnmont upon vital quo‘fionl nfl'ccting the whole pcofilv is to be Irrevocu 'bly fixed by decisions of the Supreme Court dm install-L they are made in ordinary liti- gation, betweofi parties in [persons] action-, the pw;‘-le_will haveceuet to be their own ruler-e, having Lo that extent practically re signed their government into the hands of that eminent. tribunal: nor is therein this View any tumult upon the Court or the Judges: it is a duty from which they may not shrink to docigle gases properly bmpgh} before them, and it is no fault of theirs if other: seek to turn their decisions to politi cal purposes. One section of our country believes slavery is right. and ought. to be extended; wlnle the other believes it is wrong. and ought not to be extended. This L the only sub-stamul dispute; the fugitive slave clause of ‘he Constitunon ind thelaw for .1116 suppression ofthefnreign slave te are each as well e‘fo‘rwl pertha as any law can ever be in a cnmnmnhy where the moral sense othe people Imperfcctly sup ports the .law ixyolf: :he great. bqéy 9f we pk: abide by the dry legal obligations in E 231 cases. and a. few break over in each: fhis 1 think canpog be perfectly cured, and itwould beww in both only uftcrlhe séparation of the section: than before. The foreign nlavq made, now imperfectly suppressed, woixld be ultimately revived without. restriction in one section, while fu- gnive sluea now onls partidly surrendered would not be aux-ma cred st .11 by the oth- Physiedly speaking. we cannot. up» nte. we cannot remove our mgwctive sec) lions from each mher, nor bull an impass- able m.“ between ‘hem vife may be divorced And go out. of the presence and beyond the reach of each oth- ei; b 3". the diti'erenc puts of our country mum do this; they cannot buy. rennin {we to face—and an intercom either uno fable or hostile mun continue between view of the m is unbro~ nbility ahnll fluezfexpreao the Union be rte; Doing “you In - I int-aim! um» ri tho squib ‘ manner di- them. I: it possible then to nuke tint in terooursb mom udvantngeom or umre unis— factory nfler sepantmg than before? Can dim 11:11:; trades easier b?“ frie‘fadshcfafl - nuke m ' ‘ntzeaieo more .31 -; ‘y “fem bet'finmmamh'. hous' '“0 Hon. Lthendgn M m, “pmya pwm.,ou ”.1110 .U‘ B.Bunhfortholut mullah wmmg haiku-whim. d”. Bewintwocgdngmuto onbothiid. Xgplu'onilhé,you'9fimm I;..mah “mmwflmwmmwxWMWW-Wfl Government. while I shall have the most solemn pne to prmcrve. {muted and defend it. lam loth toclmc. Ya no not enemies but friendl. We 'mmt not be. enemies.— Tbongli ion nuy have “ruined it must not brenmr bond: of afi‘ectinn. The my»- tic chords of memory stretching from every battle field and patriotic grave to every lov ing heart and hwthnwne all over this broad land. will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when min touched. an surely as they will be the bettermgela of our nature. The closing soone- ol' Cong-ms were in teresting ind exciting. The Senate. after continuing in eession on Satunlny until midnight, mot ognin on Sunday evening, nnd continuedinseuion until aevenp’clock on Mondq morning. The whole lotion of twelve hours wu consumed in an exciting debate, the “abject under oonsidomtion be ing the Housemendmcnt (Garvin's) tome Constitution. This was finally passed by a two-thirds vote, yea 24. ulys 12M followa: Yeas—Mans. Anthony. Baker, Biglor, Bright, Crittenden. ‘Dixon. Douglu. Foster, Grimes. Gwinn, Harlan. Hunter, Johnson, Team. Kennedy. Lathum. Mason, Merrill, Nicholson, Polk, Pugh, Rice, Submtinn,Ten Eyck, Thomson—24. Nays—Mean. Binnhnm. ('hnndler, Clark, Doolittle, Durkee. Foot. Kinfi.v Sumner. Trumbull,“'nde,“'ilkin*onand “son—l 2. The Amendment now goes to the Legisla tures of the States for confirmation or re jection. If thrwfounhs Approve, it. be comes n part of the Constitution. This is the only portion, of all the various propo sitions And plans of compromise proposed. that Smelly received the sanction of both Houses of Congress, and this of itself will not satisfy. The following is the Amendment of Mr. Comin, n it [wed: “No amendment shall be made to the Constitution: which will nuthoriw or give to Congress the power to nboli-h or inter fere, within my Sum, with the demonic institutions thereof, including that of per sons held to lsbor or service by the In" of said State.” During the con‘idemtion of the above amendment by tho Senate, Mr. Johnson moved as an amendment the proposition of the Peace Conference. though, as he said. ho‘did not like them. Lash—you 3, nay: 34. Mr. Foot, Xiohobon‘ And Pugh voting in the xfiirmative. Th'e Crittendon plm was also proposed, but lost, by the following vote: Yeas—Messrs. Bayud, Bigler, Bright. Crittenden, Douglas. Gwinn. Hunter, Job!» lon ('l‘enn..) Kennedy. lAne. Lathnm, Mn mn.2\'ichol