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BY W. LEWIS.
Points by whioh 31.4ean Cgttle are to be
Selectee,
We recommend a careful perusal of the fol
lowing article to all who are engaged in
breeding or feeding cattle. We know noth
ing better on this subject. The writer is
evidently both - practically and theoretically
familiar with all its details. A single article
like this-is alone well worth the annual sub
scription price of our paper to the breeder.
The first 'point to be ascertained is the pu
rity of the breed of the animal whatever . it
maybe, as by that point the propensity or
degree of disposition to fatten is determined
in the individuals of the special progeny.—
Several marks will show the purity of .the
breed; the color is a good mark, when the
colors are always definite. The bald .skin
around the eyes and nose is'always unspot
ted and definite in animals of good organisa
tion. The horns, when pressent, are long or
Rhort according to the breed- smooth 'and ta
pering; white throughout .in some varieties,
and tipped with black in others. The shape
* of the horn is not an essential, point.
The form of the carcase is the next impor
tant consideration, and may probably be
paid to be 'the chief point of attention, and to
out-weigh the quality of the breed. Lean
animals may be supposed to exist in a quarter
to a half fattened condition, and in that state
the same properties of conformation may be
peen as in the matured condition of fat. if
the quantity of flesh that is present does not
exhioit the necessary points, the bores must
be nicely examined, if they are so connected
its to afford the points in the future process of
fattening. These points are the same as have
been mentioned in the pi imc condition in our
last article, and a very at ute discernment is re
quired to discover the presence of these joints
in the lean condition of the beast. The judge
must anticipate the realisation of the points
from the lean to the fattened condition.
The nature of the bone requires much at
tention; a round . thick bone indicates a slow
feeder, and also an inferior description of
flesh. The opposite properties of a round
bone are indicated by the flat bone, when
seen on a side view, and narrow when view
ed from behind or before the animal. As the
bones are the walls of the animal habitation,
and serve :he purpose of carrying or support
ing the flesh, the quantity must tear to the
whole carcase the smallest possible ratio that is
proper to the economy of structure. The tex
ture of the bone should be small-graincd arid
bard;:the bones of the head fine and clean, and
lid. carrying flesh to give the ox a h-avy-hea
ded and dull appearance. In, order to endure
.traveling, the hock and forearm should be
clean and muscular. Large joints indicate
bad feedets. The neck of the ox is small
from the back of the head to the middle of the
neck, and contrary to the sheep in this re
spect.
The eye is a strong index of good breeding,
or refinement in the organisation, in being
full, clear, and prominent; quick, but not
fiery, and placid, along with a large expres
sion, which indicates many properties in the
ox; and is always attendant on fine bone. A
dull, heavy eye indicates a slow feeder; and a
rolling eye, showing much white, is expres
sive of a restless, capricious disposition,
which is incompatible with quiet feeding. A
calm, corriplacent visage strongly indicates a
fine and patient disposition, and, of course,
kindly feeling. The eye most often tells
the condition of health; a cheerful organ ae
companie's good health, while a constantly
dull eye proves the probable existence of some
internal linger: disease. But the latter
property is quite fferent in character from a
Aiwa! or constitutional, phlegmatic dullness.
Next must be ascertained the state of the
skin. The "touch" is afforded by the skin,
and the feeding properties of an ox are judg
ed by that criterion .beyond any, other means
that can be applied. The toner! may be hard
or mellow, fine or harsh, good or bad, as it is
frequently termed. A slow feeder is marked
by having a thick-set, hard, short hair, which
constitutes a bad touch; a thin, meagre, pa
pery skin, covered with thin silky hair,
though the opposite to the one just mention
ed, does not constitute a good touch, but is
:indicative of weakness of constitution, though
probably of good feeding properties. A good
,touch will be found in a thick loose skin,
floating as it were on 'a layer of soft fat, yiel
ding to the least pressure, and springing back
towards the fingers like a piece of soft, thick
chamois leather, and covered with thick,
,glossy, 'soft hair; the hair • looks rich and
beautiful, and seems warm and comfortable
to the animal. A curly pile of the hair indi
cates a vigor of constitution, and also a pro
pensity to fatten; such a skin is termed ge!tt
tinous and resilient in the fashionable lan
guage of the clay, and mossy,' from resemb
ling a bed of fine soft moss. The sensation
of -a fine-touch is very gratifying to every
juidge and arnateur of breeding; the ainmai is
liked, and more espeeially as it is mostly ac
companied by a symmetrical form. Long
practice is required to appreciate a fine touch;
but when it is acquired, it is alone sufficient
to estimate the feeding properties of an ox, as
a general refinement of organisation accom
panies it, in purity of blood, gentle disposi
j.ion,,fine bone, and the other properties' of
symmetrical form:
'The terms that are used in the science and
practice of breeding, as blood, breed, pedi
gree, arid descent, are all contained in the one
designation of a refined organism, which
comprehends a general refinement in every
part, in -the proportion which the extre
rnettes bear to the body, and to one another.
,Of all parts'of the frame the h€ad is the most
difficUlt of the proper refinement, and it accor
dingly denotes in no small degree the state of
purity in . which the animal exists as to the
special excellence. The head must be small
in
_comparison with' the bridy; and neat and
_clean. The face must be long froM the eves
. to the point of the nose, which most essen
tially constitutes the handsome appearance.
The skull must be broad , between the eyes,
and taper very considerably and regularly to
the nose. The muzzle is fine and small, and
nostrils capacious. The skull contracts little
above the eyes, the crown of the head is flat
and strong, and the horns protrude horizon
tally from each side, and afterwards assume
the medium direction between the rectangle.
The curvature should scarcely reach the ver
tical line from the root of the horn; and if the
point does reach it, the farther progress is not
allowed. The horn is short, rathtir thin, and
thickening to the root, which is a mark of
vigor and functional strength. The ears should
be latger and somewhat erect, tapering in the
form, agile in motion, and silky in the hair.
The neck must be of medium length, short
rather than long, which marks a strono , pro
pensity to 'fa.tten,.and is attended with a full
neck.vein. It most join the shoulder with a
very gradual slope, and taper to the head,
having little or no rise from the top of the
shoulder to the root of the horns, to destroy
the straight line along the back t.o . the plumb
tine of the buttocks, over the set of the tail.
A droop of the neck from the top of the
shoulder to_the head indicates a weakness of
constitution, and too close affinity in breed-
The legs below the knee should be
rather short than long, and clean made. 'They
should stand wide apart, and placed to sup
port the body very easily. The tail shows a
refined organisation, and also a debilitated
constitution from too near affinities. In the
pig these two properties are soon apparent.—
In cattle it should be clean, of long hair, of
medium thickness, and furnished at the end
with a handsome brush or tuft of strop° . bris
tles.k:,
The chest of the ox must be wide, in order
to afford ample room to the actions of the flux
and reflex of life. A slightly truncate,' -cone
is the best representation of the chest—wide
below, and tapering to a round top of the
shoulder, which should be covered with flesh.
The shoulder-bone must slope into and join
the fore ribs, so as to prevent any vacuity in
the fore-girth, and the arch of the ribs from
the backbone terminates in the undercentre
of the belly, so as to make a straight line
with the shoulder. The short ribs must join
close to the hook-bone, and not leave a deep
hollow gap; the hook=bone are wide apart, in
order to give the utmost expansion; buttocks
sroad, deep, and straight; twist wide; set of
the tail low, and the hanging of it perpendic
ular, without any bends.
The len etti of the tail reaches the heels.—
The flank of the animal, or fleshy lieature
which joins the lower belly with the hip,
must be large, full, and prominent, being
much required to continue over the thigh, to
the plumb line of the buttock from the root
'of the tail, the straight line from the shoul
der along the extreme ribs of the animal,
which constitutes the sides of the parallelo
gram, which figure a fattened carcase is ex
pected to represent. The belly must not hang
down in a loose dependence, but be easily
carried by a straight line from betwixt the
fore legs to the twist and outside the hams.
On the other hand, the entrals must not he
too much curtailed, to destroy the vigor of
function that is so essentially necessary to
the prosperity of animal life.
The joints must be flat and broad on the
legs of animals; bones round on the top of the
shoulder, hooks, and fore legs; clean and thin
in the hind legs, rind of the chaps; flat in tire
shoulders and thighs, and low along the
back, ending in the extremity of the tail.—
The hoofs must be clean and neatly fashion-
short and well rounded, bright in color,
and not covered with any hair. The extent
of foot must be proportional to the carcase to
be carried, but always small rather than large.
All improved breeding has proceeded from
the casual productions of nature which are
seen to possess the properties that constitute
value and also a capability of transmitting
the qualities to their progepcy. The rules
and considerations that have been now de:ail
ed may be impossible of application in the
whole number, but a major part of them will
constitute a direction of judgment for practi
cal use.. The chief difficulty occurs in the
case of the lean ox, as the condition of the
fattened animal very often coneea.ls the de
formities of shape, and may even produce in
itself some symmetrical objections. The
judge examines the points of value in the
flesh, both in quantity and qualify, estimates
the weight arid fixes the probable value.—
But, in judging of a lean ox, its future sym
metry and condition must he foreseen, the
rules, if studied practically, will enable an in
quiring observer to foresee these points, and
in judging between a number of valuable
points, it should ever be remembered that
purity of breeding will always insure apti
tude to fatten, which in its turn insures the
largest remuneration for the food consumed.
In judging fat animals the touch is the chief
criterion—at least, the confirming test. In
lean beasts the eye must distin egitish the
points of excellence, assiste3 by the touch,
as to the skin, and position of the ribs. and
joining of the bones. But it has much the
widest range in the case of lean animals, and
the judgment is also more largely called into
action in estimating the distant possession of
excellence, than in calculating the compara
tive and absolute value of the existing prodec
lions. The one case exists in substance, the
other only in idea; the first is a .certainty, the
last a'visible probability. Both cases require
an acute discernment, a correct observation,
a well-stored memory, and a most calculating
jedgment.
Such a rare combination of qualities ac
counts for the very small number of really
good judges that are found.
A PRACTICAL SERMON.-A- few Sundays
since a certain highly-popular and talented
clergyman of the Methodist church read to
- his congregation the second chapter of Paul'S
Epistle to the Ephesians, the 19th verse,
which is as follows,:
"Now, therefore, ye are no more strangers
and foreigners., but fellow-citizens with the
saini.s, and of the house-hold of _God."
. After reading this verse, he' deliberately
raised - hiS eyes to the congregation, and re
marked: "My dear hearers, St. Paul was not
a know-nothing!" and, without another word
of comment, went on with his reading. The
reverend gentleman, :hough opposed to mak
ing political remarks in the pulpit, could not
let slip so favorable an opportcnity of "defin
ing" St. Paul's position on Hindooism.—.Ncw
Haven Register.
HUNTINGDON, J ANLARY 23, 1856.
Keep your Promises
The man in the Bible, who said," I go sir,"
and went'not, has his counterpart;at the pre
sent day, in every department of life. No
thing is mole.eorrirrion than for persons to
make promises or excite expectations
which are never realized. It is an easy thing
to give ore's word, but a harder thing to
keep it. ..n unwillingness to disoblige, a
disposition to keep cti good terms with all,
a desire to get rid of importunity, together
with a carelessness and indifference as to
what constitutes an obligation, lead many to
sac they will do a thousand things which are
never done, and which, indeed, if they had
looked into their hearts, they would have dis
covered they had no real intention of doing.
Some amiable people seem to lack the nerve
and moral courage to say "No," even when
the contrary involved them in an untruth.—
One is asked to be present at a public mee
ting where important measures are to be dis
cussed, and his counsels and co-operation are
:egartied as important. He is not cordially
in favor of the object, or is pressed with oth
er engagements, or prefers enjoying his eve
nings with his own family circle, or over his
books, anti in his own heart has no purpose
to accede to the proposition. Unwilling,
however, to avow his real sentiments, or to
appear disobliging, he either gives his word
to be present, or so frames his speech as to
leave that impression upon the mind of his
friend. Virtually he has given his promise ;
but the occasion comes and passes without
his ever having harbored a serious thought of
cheering it with his presence. A. mechanic
is engaged to do a piece of work. It is im
portant that it shall be attended to promptly;
arrangements involving the convenience and
comfort of the family depend upon it; and
except for the positive assurance that it should
be . tione at the appointed time, some other
person would have been engaged. But the
appointed day comes and goes; notwithstan
ding- repeated applications and new promi
ses, weeks pass on before the first blow of
the hammer is struck, or the first nail driven.
The tesult of this looseness of speech and
conscience is. first, great vexation and disap
pointment. The pa - ay to whom such *ant
ices were made relied upon them. But the
faithlessness of the other party has &ranged
101 l his plans, and subjected him to much in
, convenience.- Ho is impatient and vexed,
gives way to unpleasant temper, says many
hard things, and perhaps commits much sin.
Then, also, confidence is destroyed in the
person who Made the promise. 'the word of
the latter has heeri . pledged, and if he has
• failed to keep it Once, he may fail 'again.—
The viatirn of his deception, having discover.,
ed that he is not to. be relied upon; _fixes a
mark upon him, and ;takes care not to put
himself in the way of future disappointments,
and advises his friends in a like manner.
Hence, too, the man who makes and breaks
promises is a loser in the end, so far as mere
self-interest is concerned. In o:der to keep
his business, or not disoblige customers, and
friends, he pledged himself for what he knew,
or might have known, would not be done.—
lno.ead of promoting his end by this decep
tion, he has frustrated it. The Joks of elsto
mers, and their adverse advice and influence,
does him a hundred fold more harm than
frankly to have told the truth,at the outset.
The worst result of all, however, is the in
jury done by the faithless promiser to his
own moral priticiples. Whatever interpre
tation he may put upon his language, and
however he may endeavor to excuse himself,
he has uttered a falsehood. The repetition
of such obliquities, deadens his moral sense,
se that, after long practice, he thinks noth
ing of giving and breaking his word. T At last
he can tell an untruth every day of his life,
and not even be conscious of impropriety.
The lessons to be drawn from this are, 1.
That we should weigh well our words.—
Strictly interpreted, perhaps, your language
may not have necessarily implied an abso
lute obligation 3 but if such an impression was
made, the injury is done. And 2. That in
all transactions it is 'best, in every sense of
the term, to be honest. If a request cannot
be complied with, say so: You may fail for
the time, to please a customer or friend, but
in the end you will have gained hiS respect
and confidence. It is a great thing to have
men say of you, "His word is as true as
steel. If he has said it, it will be done." "A
good name," says the wise man, "is rather
to be chosen than great riches."—Christian
Advocate and Journal.
From the London Times Dec. 29.
ReOnn of the Irish to Ireland---Their
Conduct and Fortune in America.
A "multitudinous" immigration of Irish
men into Ireland is one of many facts which
no man with the least regard to reputation
would have predicted twenty years ago.—
.Nevertheless, it is a fact. The provincial
journals are daily announcing the •return of
numbers to the old country, all with money
in, their pockets. Some of them have even
had the precaution to send home orders
for guano and seaweed in anticipation. So
far, of course, it has been with these emi
grants a questioir,between moral and physi
cal considerations. Few men, certainly not
fathers of families, will leave their native
soil but frorn the necessity of sulisigtence, or,
what is equivalent, the maintenance of their
rink in society. Numbers, famine, and the
inextricable entanglements of landed.proper
ty, reduced it to a matter of self-preservation,
'and there was no choice but to fly to a land,
ifuot of kind hearts, at least of good cheer.—
Hence, that unparalleled migration in which
two millions went "with a run' in less than
- ten years.. Now, considering the very little
progress we have made ourselves in the
course f seven centuries in assimilating the
Irish element—considering at the end of the
seven centuries the relations of the countries
were hardly better than at the fist, we ought
not to Underrate the difficulty of the task thus
suddenly thrown upon our transatlantic cou
sins. The Irish carried with them not only
their rags, their dirt, their deseases, but, what
was more serious, their turbulence, their love
of combination on every pretence, and all that
sets them at war with civilized society.—
Happily for the Irish, happily for human na
ture, there were good men in the Union, who,
seeing a good work to be don; buckled them
selves to it ; and at great cost and trouble l
made all sorts 'of arrangements to` tighten the
misery of the immigrant and save him from
the temptations and snares of a new country.
The struggle that has been going on for years
in the great ports of the Union •bet Ween the
swindlers who prey on the immigrant and
the societies formed for his guidance and pro
tection would furnish as many materials for
the novelist as the contest between the slave
holder and the abolitionist. The results have
been, of a very mixed character. It cannot
be said' that the Immigration has been disas
trous when railways have been carried into
the heart of that vast continent, and new
cities, ports, and even universities, have been
raised out of the wilderness by' the labor of
Irishmen, and - when it is confessed that with
out the Celt, nothing could have been done.
On the other hand, there is the melancholy
fact that nearly a third of the immigrants are
computed to have died through poverty,
change of climate, or the seeds of disease
iatought with them, within, a twelvemonth of
their landing. There is, too, the not less se
rious fact of a permanent hostility of feeling
between the Irish and a large portion of the
native Americans.
The moral tie that binds the heart of the
emigrant to the soil of his birth cannot but be
"weakened every year. The parent who car
ries the tradition becomes feebler and feebler.
The children" acquire new ties. Present
scenes engross their attention, and it is only,
as it were, through a bright and living veil
that they dimly see the far off land of their
infancy. Wait a few years, and the Ireland
of the Irish settler will be only the region of
harmless legends, unless, indeed, the com
mixture of American blood and republican
ideas converts the grandsons of the original
immigrant into sober, colculat ing citizens.—
Nothing, indeed, is so remarkable as the rap
id assimilation of English, Irish, Scotch,
Ger
man, and even French naticriklities, nut to
speak of some half-dozen lesser distinctions
et race, in the average American type. It
might have 'been- expected that the tact of
this continual fusion would have led, the citi
zens of the Union to assume it as a political
condition, to reckon upon it, to promote it, to
remove all obstacles, and to hail as second on- ,
ly to those who signed the Declaration of
American independence any one who should
devote himself to the task of conciliating and
harmonizing the heterogeneous mass of irn
migra.iore. There are men who do this
great work. There are others who do their
best to hinder it. Thanks to the efforts Of
this latter class, the Irigh immigrant finds, if
not - Setnal persecution, at least the treatment
of aliens'and intruders. He is emit ronted by
cold looks, by invidious rules, by factious de
monstrations, and everything short of law
and worse than law. No doubt this, as far as
it goes, drives the Celt back to his old coun=
try. He will not make his home where he
does not find himself at home. This unkind
ly rebuff has already sent back many ; it has
discouraged still more from ever leaving Ire
land ; it may ultimately stop the immigration
altogether, and produce the most serious re
sults on the social and commercial condition
of the States. The Working classes are there,
kept in a certain degreer•Of stibrnissien, if net
subordination, by the continual influx of im
migrant labor. When that influx ceases the
working man will soon feel himself better
able to make his own terms, and the contest
of labor and capital will probably assume a
character injurious to trade, it not dangerous
to order. It is the very fact of the immigra
tion keeping down the pretensions of labor
that chiefly inspires the movement against it.
Ireland, there is no doubt, is now a better
country for the farmer than it was twenty
years ago.—The land is generally in a better
state as regards the proprietorship; there is
not the same burden of poverty ; the pofattie
is sound; and, what is more, prices are high;
and will probably continue so as long as the
war lasts. In a mere commercial point of
'view, tillage, and still more, pasturage, must
be more profitable within a hundred 'miles of
the market than across the Atlantic.
In other respects Ireland is a more agreea
ble place to live in than it was. Political
agitation is almost extinct; no demagogue is
able to take the place of O'Connel ; the ques
tion of tenant right is but a poor substitute
for the repeal of 'the Union; assassinations
there still are, but few, arid there is no longer
that frantic competition for farms that once
beggared the small class of farmers. The
railways have thrown open parts of Ireland
that once were almost inaccessible; and there
is'now hardly a point where'the farmer can
not bring his crops or his cattle to a good mar
ket expeditiously and cheaply. It may be
observed, by the way, that three Queen's
Colleges have received an unexpected testi
mony 'in the shape of pupils sent to them
from America by Irish emigrants, now at lib
erty to educate their sons as they please.—
Thus it appears that these colleges will serve
for the States as well as for Ireland; and will
be a link between the two countries. '
From the Dublin Evening Mail of Dec. 26.
The exodus is coming back. Vast nUm
hers of our nomanic tribes, to whom we
thought Old Ireland had bidden a final adieu,
are dropping homewards, and' asking about
"the cabin door close by the wild - wood,"
with a strong feeling of the - immortality of
tenant right. Politicians m be disposed to
regard this as the advance guard of the pro
jected invasion ; but if they are connected in
any way with the prometers - of that' scheme,
we should say that they belonged . to the corn;
missariat, for they come unarmed. No revol
vers, no bowie knives, no pitchforks, no
nothing. But they bring dollars; and like
the Earl of Rich Mont!, go at once "into the
bowels of the land.," their first inquiries be
ing about potatoe-soil, and the probability of
obtaining manuyelor the seat year's crop.—
Some are even so provident as to have writ
ten over from the States to bespeak seaweed
and guano, to be deposited against the time of
their arrival in the locality where they pur
pose :to commence operations. The most
probable solution therefore of this turn of the
tide - is, that the soundness of last year's pota
to crop has revived a faith in the old soil, and
that these poor people are coming back In a
full belief in the restitution of things to the
stupp. , quo.
'The unconcealed dislike of the American
citizens for the turbulent and unthrifty hab
its of the Irish settlers hassalSo, no boubt, had
a cpnsiderable effect in disOsting the, latter
with their transatlantic homes: The fact of
the multitudinous return of Irish emigrants is
true, and not unimportant,
Singular Incident.
A circumstance of ‘a somew hat extraordina
ry character occurred a. short time since in one
of the flourishing town of the midland coun
ties. A clergyman died, and his wife and
daughters on the third day after. his deceaee,
recollecting that no likeness remained of the
once che - rished son and brother, it was agreed,
ere the grave closed o'er him that the body
should be enshrouded and a portrait taken.—
A young lady of some professional celebrity
was engaged for the task. She, with the as
sistance of the attendant, took off the shroud
and placed the body 'in the requisite pOsture
but other duties requiring the artist's atten
tion, the sketch was deferred till noon. About
twelve o'clock, at the foot of the bed, the la
dy commenced and went through an hour's
work on this image of death. At this stage
of the proceedingso by some unaccountable
motion, the head of the death-like figure fell
on one side. Nothing daunted, the artist
carefully took the head to replace it, when 1o!
the eyes opened, and staring- her full in the
face, "the ue.ad" inquired—" Who are you ?"
The young "professional," without trepida
tion, took the bandage from the head and rub
bed bis neck. He immediately saw the
shroud, and laughed immoderately. The ar
tist quietly called the family—their joy may
be imagined but cannot be described. That
.evening, he y ! h ' had lain three days in his
shroud; bemoaned by mother and sisters, with
agdiiising tears, gladdened their hearts by
taking his accustomed place at their tea-table,
and at this moment is making an, excursion
to Wales.—Bedford (Eng.) Times.
Wholesome Advice
Keep your mouth shut, all you that will
keep late hours these cold winter nights, in
crowded, heated rooms, until animal vigor
and mental sprightliness are exhausted, and
yet must breast the black wind 4 of January to
get home. I see nothing ainiss in . the festi
vities of friends, and neighbors, and kindled,
these long winter evenings, better than mop
ing at home, nothing amiss in the glad re
unions of the young - and cherry-hearted, even
though they may extended, once in a while,
to the 'wee short hoursayant the twal. I love
to see gladriesp in all, any hour of the twenty
four; but to do these things safely and long,
make it a practice - to observe two or three
simple precautions. .Before you leave, bun
dle up well: gloves, cloak, comforter; shut
your mouth 'before you open the street door,
and keep it resolutely closed until you have
walked briskly some ten minutes; then, if
you keep on walking, or have reached your
home, you may talk as much as you please,—
Not so doing, many a heart oncelnippy and
young, now lies in the church' vard, that
might have been young and happy still. But
how? If you keep your mouth closed, and
walk rapidly, the air can only reach the lungs
by the circuit of the nose and head, and be
comes warmed before reaching the lungs,
thus causint , no derangement; but you con
verse, large drafts of cold air dash directly in
upon'the lungs, chilling the whole frame al
most instantly. The brisk walking throws
the blood to the surface of the body, thus
keeping up a vigorous circulation, making a
cold impossible, if you don't get into a cold
bed too quick after you get home. Neglect
of these, brings sickness and premature death
to multitudes every year.—Hall's Journal of
- •
Banks and Capital
The Philadelphia American, a leading com
mercial paper, takes decided ground against
the loose manner in which bank chattels are
usually granted by the Legislature . of Penn
sylvania, and contends that no more charters
should hereafter be granted, unless demanded
by safe and sound business principles. Speak
ing of what is required in that city, it says:
Tlvare is, we believe, a pretty pyevalent
conviction here that Philadelphia has quite
enough banks. What is really wanted is
what the Legislature, if it ,were to create a
thousand more banking houses to-morrow
could not supply. We want more capital.—
It is high time it were generally understood
that the mere incorporation of 'corripanies to
discount notes and perform .the other usual
fUnctions of banks, does not add actually a
dollar to the aggregate specie resources of a
community, except where an accession of
foreign rcapital has, in any instance, sought
and obtained that form of investment.
The ordinary process and effect of organ
izing a new bank, however, are to take a
Certain amount of money out of many differ
ent utilities to which the owners have appli
ed it, and to transfer it to another.' There is,
of 'course, ailditiOnal means employed in
:banking opeiations, but it is withdrawn from
channels in which it probably subserved
more wholesomely and substantially the pub
lic prosperity. lithe banks which We • now
have could augment their resources, and so
enlarge their actual poWers of accommoda
tion, it would better answer the interests of
the community than multipl,ying feeble and
precarious institutions. It' is' not only "the
disadvantage of having too many banks—that
is . to say, more than are really required by the
wants of the community—which we have to
fear. A more formidable datigler is, that with
the freedom and_ readiness with. which they
are created there will be many exceedingly
unreliable corporations called, in to being, and
that they will sifeceed in doing a considera
ble amount of mischief before it will be pos
sible to arrest them.
Love flits into rhyme as naturally as peas
into a pod-1n tact, rhyme Without love in it,
would be padg Without peas, or, in other
words, mere husks, without any marrow.
An editor in lowa has been fined two hun
dred and fifty dollars for hugging a young
girl in church.
VOL. 11, NO. 81.
Election of Gov. Wm. Bigler to the U. S
Senate
The Democratic members of the Legisla 7
tore have earned for themselves a full mea
sure of honor, in electing Gov. BIGLER to the
United • States Senate. It will stimulate
every 'caddidke of our party, to do his whole
duty hereafter in defence (if our principles,
because the ass'arance is given itt the act
that no one will suffer in his political stand
ing, by being subjected to defeat. So noble
a trait in our party organization, should be
nurtured with the utmost dare, as the great
distinguishing tnark between ourselves and
opponents, It affords both pleasure and
safety to candidates, and calls forth on their
part the most untiring exertions. Gov. BIG-
LER, doubtless, now experiences the highest
gratification in the knoWledge of the fact,
that his party recognized the fidelity of his
previous course, and true to its accustomed
integrity ; welcomed him to his'reward. 1 . 16 W
great'the contrast between 'our'owii"genefous
and magnanirnous'party and the treacherous
factions which war against its manly grin-
ciples!
As a friend of Gov. BIGLER, we feel an ex
alted pride in his success, because it sustains
a policy which should ever be made inflexi
ble, and acknowledges a mei it that a few en
vious persons attempted to deny. lii' what
estimation he is generally held by the public,
may be gleaned from the daily press of our
cityirof every shade of politics. The Daily
News (Whig) and Morning Times, (Know-
Nothing,) while condemning his Democratic
consistency, both compliment him on hig
abilities and honorable character. The Led
ger and Germantown Telegraph (neutral) al
so speak in strong language of his mental fit;
ness for the post .of United States Senator,
and greatly commend his stern integrity.—
The latter quality, as every one is aware who
knows Gov. BIGLER, is a leading character-
istic of his nature. The Democratic journals
throughout the State have expressed their
views upon his merits with the utmost free
dom and approval.
When the people of the Union considey
the straightforward and honest course of the
Pennsylvania Legislature under Democratic
rule, and compare it with the factious con
duet of the New Volk Legislature and Na
tional Congress, under Know-Nothing and
Black Republican control, how can they fail
to discover whitdi is the great conservator of
order and security 1 No rational man cad
mistake the true protector of his rights, or
be deceived by the absurd vaporings of po
litical imbeciles. - There is but one 'National
party in this country, and' that is the' perno
°ratio. Alt must acknowledge this fact, who
have intelligence in their brain and truth in
their hearts.
We say to our Democratic friends every
where, be of good cheer, for the day of our
success has already dawned. A party that
displays such business qualifications, and
such unflinching integrity as our own, can;
not long remain in a' minority. Our princi.
phis embrace equ:dity to all,' without regard
to birth Place or creed, and no interference of
one Slate with the domestic institutions of
another, with 'a restriction of the General Go,:
verriment to the - purpose's of its creation. In
this . tioctrine . Gov. I.3rotEritais . 'been educated,
and he Will filithfully 'continue lo live up to
:•
its precepts.:—TeinisylociniCn.
Afraid to Tru3t Thew;
The Philadelphia. Sun, a "twelfth section",
K.'N. organ, thus warns its party against the_
embraces of the Black Republicans :
Our American Congressmen should watch
the proceedings of the New York Legislatnre,
at Albany, beore they agree to make a Re
publican Speaker. Lieut. Gov. Raymond—a
Seward man, Who presides ex-officio over
the New York Senate, we see by the Albany
Register, ivhed appointing his Standing Com
mittees; transferred the eloquent champion
of Americanikn, Senator Erastus Brooks;
from the post of chairman of the committee
of commerce, to its foot ; and Senator C. P.
Smith, by wlrose vote the Republicans were
enabled to organize the Senate, has been pla
ced io the position which Mr. Brooks held
with so much advantage to his constituents
and honor to himself. Mr. Brooks was
placed at iho head 'of the committee on com
merce, by an opposition Senate two years
ago, and retained there on the ground of so
'perior fitness. - His transfer to the foot of the
bomtnittee, and the substitution of Mr. Smith,
give rise to a suspicion of a design on the
part of the Lieutenant-Governor to degrade
Senator Brooks, and reward the services of
Senator Smith, rendered at the hour of Fu;
sion's greatest need.
The Philadelphia News, another Know
Nothing paper, also runs the cold iron into
Mt. Banks thus :
Those of our readers who pay attention to
the pruceedinge of Congress, cannot have
failed to notice that Mr. - Banks, in reply to
inquiries put . to him by Mr. Barksdale, on
Saturday last, "referred to the records - of last
- year for his-views - on the Tariff;" and as that
record clearly and unmistakable proves hini
to be a Free Trader, and the eneniy of the
industrial interests of- i l?entisylyania, it can
not fail to he a ratter of •wonderment -and
surprise that any member from Pennsylvania;
who professes to be in favor of sustaining its
coal and iron interests, should still adhere to
his'support. Such a course can only be ac"-
Counted for in one way, and that is, that those
who do so have been carried off by the 'one
idea Republicanism, and are determined to
make every other interest subservient to the
slavery question. How far the people of the
state 'will sustain them in such a course,'te:
mains yet to be seen, but we opine the next
election will pretty effectually SolVe that
doubt, and show that Pennsylvania - is not yet
-7 •
Abolitionizedl
Ecr.irsEs DURING 1856.—There will .be
two eclipses of the sun alid two of the moon
this year. A total eclipse of the sun will
take place on the sth of April, and an annual
eclipe on the 28th of September, both visible
here. There will be a partial eclipse of the
moon on the 20th of April, which will be
visible earthly in the morning, and a similar
eclipse on the 13th of Oelober, visible in the
evening.
"'!'`