WOUNDED SOLDIERS FED IN BED • N r I" n i V"*"... „ " . . * These wounded heroes have just returned from France and been received at Debarkation Hospital No. New York city. They are bed patients and food is served to them in bed. BRIEF INFORMATION About onf-half of the* population of Turkey is unsthJo to read or write. It: has been cmii'tHed that eight fir ten rabbits cat or destroy as much grass as one sheep. DAREDEVIL ENGLISH WOMAN I I I I . it.. a, 1 At the "holiday flying" at Crickle wood, England, recently Miss Sylva Borden demonstrated that women have plenty of nerve and grit. She went up In a Handley-Page airplane and dropped to earth in a parachute. Unchanged by Centuries. The Turkish and other Mohammedan villagers from the Thracian plains are retracing the steps of their ancestors of five centuries ago and leaving Eu rope to return to Asia. And the weird part of it is that in costume, convey ances and manner of life there has been practically no change in these 500 years. The wheels of their long, nar row carts have spokes in theui now whereas they used to be solid wheels, and perhaps the rush matting that protects the family from the weather may be a little better woven. But the oxen or buffaloes that leisurely drag the household along, and the barefoot ed wife of the sandaled husband with the goad who pulls these lumbering animals by a string, and the primitive mode of life on their plodding journey, all belong to a bygone age. Fence Built of Trees. So many years ago that nobody knows when it was, nor who was the labor-saving genius who did it, a fence was built in Michigan by forcing split boards between saplings. Then the trees grew. They kept growing until today they are of Immense size and deeply im bedded in them are the ends of those old rails. It is impossible to tell how far they extend into the tree trunks. They are weathered, yet they ring as true under a hammer as though just hewn. It happened that the trees formed a boundary line for one of the old tracts. The rails were arranged five feet, and the growth of the trees around their ends has created one of the most sub stantial fences imaginable. Plants Are Prolific. H all the seeds of any one sort of were allowed to grow they would «oon cover the earth to the exclusion of all else. A single orchid plant pro duced more than 10,000,000 seeds in |a season and many common plants, as the foxglove, vary nearly equal this re imarkable record. / Ring Fingers. The third finger of the left hand Is "the" ring finger; that is the en gagement ring is worn there, and the wedding ring. Rings may also be worn on the little fingers of each hand. Cause of Trouble. "Whut makes some of de trouble,* eald Uncle Eben, "Is dat a man's liable to git mo' neighborly applause foh win nln' six bits In a crap game dan foh •earnin' two dollars by workin' de same amount o' time." Ranch owners in South Dakota are planning to tw airplanes to trace lost cattle and sheep. A bill to provide a minimum wage for women workers has been intro duced in the legislative assembly at Quebec, Can. J&3L jfel&gr % FIRM FOUNDATION FOR ROADS Aim to Distribute Pressure Due to Wheels Concentrated on Sur face—Look to Future. (Prepared by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture.) The purposes of a foundation are to aid in distributing the pressure due to wlic-el loads concentrated on the road surface, so that the intensity of pres sure on the subgrade will not exceed a safe unit-bearing power, and also to prevent, if possible, the crust of the road from being disturbed by the up ward pressure of the subgrade due to the action of frost, ground water, or other disturbing influence. In the case of a pavement consisting of compara tively small blocks, such as vitrified brick, bonded to each other very slight ly or not at all, an entire wheel load might be concentrated on only a few 3 ... : . * -v . ■ • .. / ~ • V-v ■ . -•* "■ * V ' :. Z -< ■■■:■ v ' Sand-Clay Road. square inches of foundation, in which case it would be necessary for the foundation to take care of practically the entire distribution of the load. On the other hand, a monolithic pave ment, in which the individual units are well bonded together, might distribute the wheel loads to obviate all necessity of further distribution by the founda tion, and if adequate drainage were provided and there were no danger of heaving of subgrades, the foundation might be omitted entirely. The heaviest vehicle that ordinarily has passed over a public highway heretofore is the 15-ton traction en gine. Such engines are so designed that the rear axle carries about two thirds of the total weight, which ar rangement gives a concentrated pres sure on the road surface of about five tons under each rear wheel. The use of much heavier equipment is in sight, however, and unless some regulations be passed to prohibit it. the occur rence of ten-ton. or even heavier mo tortrucks, may become common on highways adjacent to large cities or between large centers that are only a few miles apart. In assuming the maximum wheel load for any particular road a reason able allowance should be made for fu ture increase. Since motortrucks have come into use there has been a con stant tendency to increase both their rates of speed and the loads they carry, and it is probable that this tendency will continue. Furthermore, many roads not now subjected to motor truck traffic will attract such traffic after they are improved, and this pos sibility always should be considered. Increase in the volume of traffic also may be an important factor 'ROAD * BUILPIWC DRAINAGE FOR GOOD ROADS Essential Feature of an Improved Highway—Another Requisite Is Firm Foundation. fPrepare® by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture.) An essential feature of an improved road is adequate drainage. Thorough drainage is so necessary that it is practically impossible to maintain a sat isfactory road unless it be given prop er attention. Another prime require ment wherever a hard surface road is to be constructed is a firm and unyield ing foundation. As the quality of the soil has an important influence on the j roper method of drainage and the type of foundation to be employed, much care and study must be devoted to the nature, type, and character of the soils in the section through which it is proposed to build a road. The most important primary soils are classified as gravel, sand, and clay, but often rsany of the secondary or mixed soils, because of their more gen eral occurrence in connection with road-building operations, are equally important. Such types as loam, marl, gumbo, and hard pan are representa tive of this order. In the design of a road the drainage structures are planned to take care of water under three general conditions ! —rain that falls on a road surface of grade; rain that falls on contiguous land and flows in accumulated volume toward the road; and ground water from any immediate source. To meet these conditions use is found for spe cial structures, including longitudinal side ditches, usually parallel, or ap proximately parallel to the center line; intercepting ditches to accommodate water whose approach so close to the roadway as the side ditches is likely to cause injury; lateral ditches or cul verts to conduct accumulated water away from or under the road; and subdrains. In order to plan intel ligently a system of drainage for any particular road, it is necessary to con- MH f' ~> - ■■■ .•<. ' -t/V - . V '•"V I " : >y>:: • Water Drains Readily From This Type of Highway. sider not only the local character of the soil composing the roadbed, but also the topography of the adjacent land, the amount and rate of rainfall and the availability of material suit able for use in constructing drains. Surface drainage systems for roads consist of side ditches along the road, paved gutters (which are a develop ment of side ditches and replace them) open intercepting ditches constructed to prevent water from reaching the road, and lateral or relief ditches to carry off the water which collects in the side ditches or in the intercepting ditches. Culverts and inclosed drains, which are constructed for the purpose of removing storm water from the side ditches or gutters, are essentially a part of the surface drainage system, and are not to be confused with sub drains which serve an entirely differ ent purpose. "Where the grade of a road is so steep that the ordinary earth side ditches cannot be maintained satisfac torily at a reasonable cost, or where 1 earth side ditches would be insanitary or appear unsightly, it is customary to provide paved gutters for removing the ! surplus water. Drop inlets and catch basins are to conduct water from side ditch es or gutters into underground drains or culverts. On country roads they are used most frequently on side hill loca tions where the water collecting in the upper side ditch or gutter can be re moved from the road at intervals by 1 means of a culvert across to the low er side. Drop inlets usually are sufif cient, and catch basins seldom are used in country road work, except where it is especially desirable to prevent the silt and other foreign material carried by the water fi#>m getting into the wider ground drainage structure. GOOD ROADS PREVENT FIRES National Forests Must Be Equipped With Highways Trails and Look out Stations, National :'<>r cannot »e econom ically and evidently protected against :'\s ui II they are well equipped .vit'i road-, trails, telephone lines and ; lookout station*, sa> the aunual re ■ . States service. | ROBERT G. HAND ; ! Robert G. Hand of Mississippi, who has been appointed assistant treasurer of the United States. When the war broke out Mr. Hand was the priivsipal bookkeiijier in the cCfice V i > I j 1 X Good \ pho^ r^ h ' J 1 * OEM STUDIO ji 730 Rhila, Street, - - Indiana, Pa. ;! > Opposite Moore Hotel j! Can't sleep! Can't eat! Can't even digest what little you do eat! * r _ One or two doc?*, ARMY & NAVY DYSPEPSIA TABLETS will make you leel ten years younger. Best known remedy * ■BP for Constipation. Sour Stomach and Dyspepsia. 25 cents a package at all Druggists, or sent to any address postpaid, by the U..S. ARMY & NAVY TABLET CO. 260 West Broadway, N. Y. * JfflMxmWX TTLE 'IIVER WHAT YOU SURELY NEED it a healthy, active, industrious liver. Small doses of these pills taken rejfuiarly insure that. You may also need a purgative (sometimes. Then take one larger dose. Keep that in ' und; it will pay you rich dividends in Health and Happiness. Genuine /7 . Sm»ll Pill •Signature /[ ISli! P,°^ ROSY PHFFICS or HEALTHY COLOR indicates Iron In the Blood. Paie or gj faces usually show Its absence/ °A CARTER'S IRON PILLS I Invisible Airplane Wings. Wings of cellulose acetate, being transparent, make an airplane invisi ble ar the height of a few thousand feet, also increasing the operator's field of vision. Sheets one one-hun dredth-inch thick are about as strong as the ordinary wing cover, and the weight of nine ounces to the square yard is but slightly greater. The rap id spread of a tear when started is a disadvantage that may be overcome with a re-eniorcing of loosdy woven silk. Taxes. If folk* had to pay taxes oi -• - < t! : : s v aid be a smilier worh U..iU tt Pope's Poetry. His poetry is not a mountain-tarn h'":e that of Wordsworth; it is not in sympathy with the higher moods of the mind; yet it continues entertaining in spite of all changes of mode. It was a mirror in a drawing-room, but it gave back a faithful image of society, pow dered and rouged, to be sure, and In tent on trifles, yet still as human in its way as the heroes of Homer in theirs —Lowell. Burning Truth. Said the facetious feller: "The** golf fanatics get a lot of satisfaction out of reducin' their strokes from last season, but the real joy of life comes from bein* able to reduce the number of tons of coal from the winter b» fore." Salute to the Flag. The salute to the flag is given by raising the right hand, palm outward until the index finger is even with thf lower edge of the forehead, and stand ing at attention. Production Wins. Wealth does not come by the most diligent saving, but by the most dill gent producing. Men and nations who pinch the pennies hardest are never the richest Suet Not Indispensable. NVr vay bas discovered that bee! suet is not absolutely necessary to the manufacture of margarine. Cod liver oil, herring oil and other flsh oils arc said to be excellent substitutes.