1917 CRUSADERS
TAKE HOLY CITY
WITHOUT POMP
Description of the British Entry
Into Jerusalem.
COMMANDER ENTERS ON FOOT
Ceremony It Full of Dignity and Sim
plicity, the Significance of Which
Was Not Lost on the Population-
No Soldier Shouts of Triumph Over
Defeated Foe—People Show Evi
dence of Delight.
The first detailed account of the
British entry into the Holy City was
received by the London Daily News
from W. T. Massey at Jerusalem. He
Bays:
"This central site of sacred history
is liberated from the thralldom of the
Turk without a British bullet or shell
being directed against its walls, or so
much as a stone being scratched. The
Turks were forced to withdraw by Gen
eral Allenby's strategy and the valor
of his army. The Turkish artillery
fired from a position quite close to
the city, and enemy guns thundered
from the Mount of Olives, but of our
fire the inhabitants could make out
nothing more than a distant rumbling
of guns and the bursts of musketry.
No Display Entering City.
"General Allenby put the sanctity of
the holy sites before every other con
sideration and approached the city only
when the pressure of his troops In the
mountains west and northwest
the enemy to yield.
"I write this after witnessing the
official entry of General Allenby and
his staff and military commanders of
detachments of French and Italian
troops. There was no great pageantry
of arms, no display of pomp. With
the commander in chief and his small
staff was a guard of less than 150 all
told, including allied troops. There
was a quiet ceremonial of reading the
proclamation of military law, of meet
ing notables of the city and heads of
religious bodies, and the official entry
was over.
"There were no *ags hoisted and
there was no enemy flag to haul down.
There were no soldier shouts of tri
umph over the defeated foe, but just
a short military procession into the
Mount Zion portion of the city, 200
yards from the walls.
People See New Era Open.
"The ceremony was full of dignity
and simplicity. Its significance was
not lost on the population, who saw
In it an end of Turkish regime and
the beginning o£ a new era of free
dom and justice for all classes and
creeds. Right down into the hearts of
the people, who cling to Jerusalem
with the deepest reverence and piety,
there was unfeigned delight. I learn
that prayers were offered up in almost
every house in Jerusalem that our arms
would be successful.
"At eight o'clock in the morning the
mayor and chief of police came out
under a flag of truce. The mayor, who
holds his high civic position as a.
member of the Hasseln family which
possesses documentary proof of its di
rect descent from Mahomet through
the prophet's daughter, offered the sur
render of the city. The formal surren
der was arranged at noon December 8.
Turks Fight Stubbornly.
"Between the offer and the formal
acceptance, there was sharp fighting
on the outskirts, the Turks fighting
more stubbornly than at any period
of these operations and meeting bay
onet with bayonet. The London troops
were heavily attacked and strong ma
chine-gun tire was poured into them
from the Mount of Olives, but by noon
the Turks were pushed back so far
that we occupied ground 7,000 yards
north of the city walls. The Welsh
troops were operating from the soufh
and east, and drove the Turks from
the Jericho road. This was the mili
tary position at noon, December 9.
All Wear Best Robes.
"It was a picturesque throng that
from the outskirts of Jerusalem flocked
In to greet the conquering general.
Armenians and Greeks and men of all
nationalities, somber clad, stood side
by side with Moslems dressed in the
brighter raiment of the east. The pre
dominance of Tarbush in the streets
added to the brightness of the scene.
"All obviously regarded the day as
Important, for they wore their best
robes, and many of them, abandoning
their natural reserve, joined in vocal
expressions of welcome. Their faces
lighted up with pleasure at the gen
eral's approach. The fiat-topped roofs
and balconies held people crying aloud
their welcome.
General Enters on Foot.
"General Allenby entered the town
on foot. Aside the Jaffa gate he was
received by the military governor and
a guard of honor formed by men who
have done their full share in the cam
paign. Drawn up on the right of the
gate were men from English, Scottish,
Irish and Welsh counties. Opposite
them were fifty men afoot representing
Australian and New Zealand horse
men. Inside the walls were twenty
French and twenty Italian troops from
detachments sent by their countries to
take part in the Palestine operations.
"Inside the walls was a crowd, dense
ly packed in the narrow streets. The
commander in chief, preceded by his
.. le camp, had ou his right the com
mander of the French detachment and
on his left the commander of the Ital
ian detachment. Following were the
Italian, French, and American military
attaches and a few members of the
general staff. Guards of honor
marched in the rear.
"The procession turned to the right
into Mount Zion and halted at EH Kala
citadel. On the steps at the base of
the tower of David, which was stand
ing when Christ was in Jerusalem, a
proclamation of military law was read
in four languages in the presence of
the commander in chief and many not
ables of the city.
Mayor Is Presented.
"Reforming, the procession moved
up Zion street to Barracks sqnare
where the mayor and the mufti were
presented and likewise sheiks with
charge of mosques and the moslems
belonging to the Khaldees and
Alaraieeh families which trace their
descendants through many centuries.
Patriarchs of Latin, Greek, Orthodox
and Aremenian churches and Coptic
bishops had been directed to leave Je
rusalem by the Turks, but their rep
resentatives present were introduced
to the general as were also heads of
the Jewish committees of the Syria
church, of the Greek Catholic church,
an Abyssinian archbishop and a rep
resentative of the Anglican church.
The last to be presented was the Span
ish consul, who has in charge the in
terests of almost all the countries at
war.
"The representations over, the pro
cession returned to Jaffa gate. Thus
ended a simple and impressive cere
monial, the effect of which must be far
reaching."
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q Till he is beaten back— jj,
.ft Death to the Hun! O
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Loud rings their charging cry 9
® As life and love leap by— q
Q Death to the Hun!
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9 Speak not of right to be, &
& Speak not of Liberty 9
9 Under the sun, £
O Till we can stand beside js.
France—Belgium crucified, o .
O And fling the glad news wide— $■
•fc Dead is the Hun! °
P %
& o
£ Till we can answer back
ft Who braved that brute attack — O
O "Father and son, j
Tou have not died in vain, O j
? Fruitful your mortal pain, £ 1
q Hopes for the "Race remain— ft j
.ft Dead is the Hun!" O j
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KING VICTOR LIVES
WITH TROOPS AT FRONT
Only Goes to Capital When Pres
ence Is Required by Cabinet
Meetings.
Though King Victor is the only en
tente ruler who has constantly lived at
the front among his soldiers, yet very
little is said and printed about him.
His name never appears in the general
staff communiques. The war corre
spondents never mention the king's
name and doings, except when allowed
to describe official ceremonies connect
ed with the visit at the Italian front
of other entente rulers or high entente
officials. Very few civilians have seen
the king during the last two years.
Even during his brief visits to the
capital, when his presence here Is re
quired by Important cabinet meetings,
the king is never seen in the streets,
as in former years. A few days ago
the following sketch of King Victor, to
gether with the descriptiot. of one of
his experiences at the front, was dis
covered In a letter of a soldier to his
mother:
"The king passed only a short dis
tance from me and I saw him dis- j
tlnctly. He was calm, smiled to every
body whose gaze attracted his atten
tion and spoke to every soldier near
him, asking numberless questions. Af
ter a while he resumed his ascent to
ward the advanced trenches on the
peak of a high mountain in order to
shake hands with the soldiers and en
courage them with fatherly words.
After the visit he came back, took a
photo of us and then boarded his car
and sped away. Only two generals
and a colonel were with him. While
making the ascent an enemy plane
happened to be heading for the same
spot. The king, instead of seeking shel
ter, continued to walk, and when our
antiaerlals opened fire on the plane the
king remained in the middle of the
road, impassable under the hail of
shrapnel bullets, following the duel
with hi:? field glass. When the plane
fled he congratulated the artillery
men."
PLAN TO TRAIN CRIPPLES
Oregon University to Re-Educate Vic
tims of the War.
Re-education of men crippled in the
war is a problem that the University
of Oregon is anticipating and one for
which preparation already is being
made. A committee of representatives
of the departments of psychology and
education has been appointed to make
a careful study of the most practical
methods of re-education and to make
recommendations for the establish
ment of such courses of study as are
deemed advisable.
The special problem for the commit
tee is to devise ways of educating
men for new pursuits after they have
b'-en crippled in such way as to make
their former occuiai. - impossible.
AMERICAN SUGAR
SENT TOFRANCE
American Price Rigidly Regulated
by United States Food
Administration.
CONSUMERS HERE PAY 9c.
Sugar Coat 35 Cents a Pound. During
Civil War— Refiners' Profit*
Now Curtailed.
Sugar Is selling today throughout
America at from 8% to 0 cents a
pound to the consumer, even though
there Is a world shortage which has
reduced this nation's sugar allotment
to 70 per cent, of normal.
Through the efforts of the United
States food administration the sugar
market has been regulated as far as
the producer, refiner and wholesaler
is concerned. The food administration
has no power to regulate retail prices
except by public opinion. Even though
more than 85,000 tons of sugar have
been shipped to France in the last
four months the retail grocer's sugar
price is around 8 to 8% cents. He
should sell this sugar at 8% to 9
cents, the food administration believes,
and asks the American housewife to
pay no more than this amount.
Last August when the food admin
istration was organized the price of
sugar rose suddenly to 11 cents a
pound. During the Civil War sugar
cost the consumer 35 cents a pound.
By regulation of the sugar market and
reducing the price to 8% and 9 cents
and keeping It from advancing to 20
cents the food administration has sav
ed the American public at least $lBO,-
000,000 in four months, according to
a statement made by Herbert Hoover
the other day.
"It Is our stern duty to feed the al
lies, to maintain their health and
strength at any cost to ourselves,"
Mr. Hoover declared. "There has not
been, nor will be as we see it, enough
sugar for even fheir present meagre
and depressing ration unless they send
ships to remote markets for it. ff we
in our greed and gluttony force them
either to further reduce their ration
or to send these ships we will have
done damage to our abilities to win
this war.
"If we send the ships to Java
for 250,000 tons of sugar next year
we will have necessitated the em
ployment of eleven extra ships for
one year. These ships— if used in
transporting troops—would take
150 000 to 200,000 men to France."
Reason for World Shortage.
As Mr. Hoover pointed out, the
United States, Canada and England
were sugar importing countries before
the war, while France and Italy were
very nearly self supporting. The main
sources of the world's sugar supply
was Geri/any and neighboring powers,
the West Indies and the East Indies.
German sugar Is no longer available,
as it is used entirely in Germany,
which also absorbs sugar of surround
ing countries.-
England can no longer buy 1,400,000
long tons of sugar each year from
Germany. The French sugar produc
tion has dropped from 750.000 to 210,-
000 tons. The Italian production has
fallen from 210,000 tons to 75,000 tons.
Thus three countries were thrown
upon East and West Indian sources
for 1,925.000 tons annually to maintain
their normal consumption.
Because of the world's shipping
shortage the allied nations started
drawing on the West Indies for sugar;
East Indian sugar took three times
the number of ships, since the dis
tance was three times as great. Sud
denly the west was called on to fur
nish and did furnish 1,420.000 tons of
sugar to Europe when 300.000 tons a
year was the pre-war demand. The
allies had drawn from Java 400,000
tons before the shipping situation be
came acute.
"In spite of these shipments," Mr.
Hoover stated the other day, "the
English government in August reduced
the household sugar ration to a basis
of 24 pounds per annum per capita.
And in September the French govern
ment reduced their household ration
to 13 2-10 pounds a year, or a bit over
1 pound of sugar a month. Even this
meairre ration could not be filled by
the French government It was found
early in the fall. America was then
asked for 100.000 tons of sugar and
succeeded in sending 85.000 tons by
December 1. The French request was
granted because the American house
hold consumption was then at least 55
pounds per person, and It was consid
ered the duty of maintaining the
French morale made our course clear."
Today the sugar situation may
be summarized by stating that if
America will reduce its sugar con
sumption 10 to 15 per cent this
nation will be able to send 200,000
more soldiers to France.
Sugar today sells at seaboard re
fineries at §7.25 a hundred pounds.
' The wholesale grocer has agreed to
; limit his profit to 25 cents a hundred
plus freight, and the retail grocer Is
supposed to take no more than 50 cents
I a hundred pounds profit. This regu
: lation was made by the food adminis
tration. which now asks the housewife
to reduce sugar consumption as much
as possible, using other sweeteners,
and also reminds her that she should
pay no more than 9 cents a pound for
sugar
Control of Cane Refiners' Profits.
"Immediately upon the establish
ment of the food administration," Mr.
Hoover said, "an examination was
made of the costs and profits of refin
ing and it was finally determined that
the spread between the cost of raw
and the sale of refined cane sugar
should be limited to $1.30 per hundred
pounds. The pre-war differential had
averaged about 85 cents and increased
costs were found to have been Impos
ed by the war in increased cost of re
fining, losses, cost of bags, labor, Insur
ance, Interest and other things, rather
more than cover the difference. After
prolonged negotiations the refiners
were placed under agreement estab
lishing these limits on October 1, and
anything over this amount to be agreed
extortionate under the law.
"In the course of these investiga
tions It was found by canvass of the
Cuban producers that their sugar had,
during the first nine months of the
past year, sold for an average of about
$4.24 per hundred f. o. b. Cuba, to
which duty and freight added to the
refiners' cost amount to about $5.B<J
per hundred- The average sale price
of granulated by various refineries, ac
cording to our Investigation, was about
$7.50 per hundred, or a differential of
$1.84.
"In reducing the differential to $1.30
there was a saving to the public of 54
cents per hundred. Had such a dif
ferential been In use from the Ist of
January, 1917, the public would have
saved in the first nine months of the
year about $24,800,000."
Next Year.
With a view to more efficient organ
ization of the trade in Imported sugars
next year two committees have been
formed by the food administration:
1. A committee comprising repre
sentatives of all of the elements of
American cane refining groups. The
principal duty of this committee is to
divide the sugar imports pro rata to
their various capacities and see that
absolute Justice is done to every re
finer.
2. A committee comprising three rep
resentatives of the English, French
and Italian governments; two repre
sentatives of the American refiners,
with a member of the food admlnistFa
tlon. Only two of the committee have
arrived from Europe, but they repre
sent the allied governments. The du
ties of this committee are to determine
the most economical sources from a
transport point of view of all the al
lies to arrange transport at uniform
rates, to distribute the foreign sugar
between the United States and allies,
subject to the approval of the Ameri
can, English, French and Italian gov
ernments.
This committee, while holding strong
views as to the price to be paid for
Cuban sugar, has not had the final
voice. This voice has rested in the
governments concerned, together with
the Cuban government, and I wish to
state emphatically that all of the gen
tlemen concerned as good commercial
men have endeavored with the utmost
patience and skill to secure a lower
price, and their persistence has re
duced Cuban demands by 15 cents per
hundred. The price agreed upon is
about $4.60 per hundred pounds, f. o. b.
Cuba, or equal to about $6 duty paid
New York.
"This price should eventuate,"
Mr. Hoover said, "to about $7.30
per hundred for refined sugar from
the refiners at seaboard points or
should place sugar in the hands of
the consumer at from to 9
cents per pound, depending upon
locality and conditions of trade, or
at from 1 to 2 cents below the
prices of August last and from one
half to a cent per pound cheaper
than today.
"There is now an elimination of
speculation, extortionate profits, and
in the refining alone the American
people will save over $25,000,000 of
the refining charges last year. A part
of* these savings goes to the Cuban,
Hawaiian, Porto Rican and Lousianian
producer and part to the consumer.
"Appeals to prejudice against the
food administration have been made
because the Cuban price is 34 cents
above that of 1917. It is said in effect
that the Cubans are at our mercy;
that we could get sugar a cent lower.
We made exhaustive study of the cost
of producing sugar in Cuba last year
through our own agents in Cuba, and
we find it averages $3.39, while many
producers are at a higher level. We
found that an average profit of at
least a cent per pound was necessary
In order to maintain and stimulate
production or that a minimum price of
$4.37 was necessary, and even this
would stifle some producers.
"The price ultimately agreed was 23
cents above these figures, or about one
fifth of a cent per pound to the Ameri
can consumer, and more than this
amount has been saved by our reduc
tion In refiners' profits. If we wish to
stifle production in Cuba we could
take that course just at the time of all
times In our history when we want
production for ourselves and the al
lies. Further than that, the state de
partment will assure you that such a
course would produce disturbances in
Cuba and destroy even our present
supplies, but beyond all these material
reasons is one of human justice. This
great country has no right by the
might of its position to strangle Cuba.
"Therefore there Is no imposition
upon the American public. Charges
have been made before this commit
tee that Mr. Rolph endeavored to ben
efit the California refinery of which he
was manager by this cent Increase
in Cuban price. Mr. Rolph did not fix
the price. It does raise the price to
the Hawaiian farmer about that
amount. It does not raise the profit of
the California refinery, because their
charge for refining is. like all other re
finers. limited to $1.30 per hundred
pounds, pins the freight differential on
the established custom of the trade.
"Mr. Rolph has not one penny of In
terest In that r^nnerj."
1-wheat
uye more
2-meat „ t ,
use more fish o* beans
3-fats
use Just enough
4- sugar
U use syrups
and serve
the cause of freedom
U.S. FOOD ADMINISTRATION
WHEATLESS BISCUITS.
Parched cornmeal Is the feature of
these excellent wheatless biscuits.
First, the cornmeal —one-half a cup—
is put In a shallow pan placed In the
oven and stirred frequently until It
is a delicate brown. The other ingre
dients are a teaspoon of salt, a cup
of peanut butter and one and a half
cups of water. Mix the peanut but
ter, water and salt and heat. While
this mixture is hot stir In the meal
which should also be hot. Beat thor
oughly. The dough should be of such
consistency that it can be dropped
from a spoon. Bake in small cakes
In an ungreased pan. This makes 10
biscuits, each of which contains one
sixth of an ounce of protein.
j FACE the FACTS
!> <
j i <
LET US face the facts. The war situation is critical. j
Unless the Allies fight as they never yet have j
fought, defeat threatens. Hungry men cannot fight !
at their best; nor hungry nations. France, England, !:
and Italy are going hungry unless we feed them.
j >
Wheat Savings —They must have wheat. It is the !:
;! best food to fight on. It is the easiest to ship. We ;
!; alone can spare it to them. By saving just a little— j
1; less than a quarter of what we ate last year—we can ;;
support those who are fighting our battles. And we !;
jj can do it without stinting ourselves. We have only j!
to substitute another food just as good.
The Com of Plenty —Corn is that food. There's a ' I
jj surplus of it. Providence has been generous in the ;'
!; hour of our need. It has given us corn in such bounty
as was never known before. Tons of corn. Train- lj
loads of corn. Five hundred million bushels over and !!
|; above our regular needs. All we have to do is to j!
learn to appreciate it. Was ever patriotic duty made jj
!; so easy? And so clear? ;j
\> < >
America's Own Food—ComJ It is the true American jj
!; food. The Indians, hardiest of races, lived on it.
Our forefathers adopted the diet and conquered a I;
continent. For a great section of our country it \\
has blong een the staff of life. How well the South
fought on it, history tells. Now it can help America jj
!; win a world war. jj
j; Learn Something —Corn! It isn't one food. It's a j!
dozen. It's a cereal. It's a vegetable. It's a bread. ||
It's a dessert. It's nutritious; more food value in it,
jj dollar for dollar, than meat or eggs or most other ![
J vegetables. It's good to eat; how good you don't j!
know until you've had corn-bread properly cooked,
jj Best of all, it's plentiful and it's patriotic.
Corn's Infinite Variety—How much do you know about jj
corn? About how good it is? About the many jj
delicious ways of cooking it? And what you miss lj
by not knowing more about it? Here are a few
I; of its uses: j!
There are at least fifty ways to use com meal to
make good dishes for dinner, supper, lunch or break- j!
fast. Here are some suggestions:
HOT BREADS DESSERTS
Boston brown bread. Corn-meal molasses cake.
Hoecake. Apple corn bread.
![ Muffins. Dumplings.
Biscuits. Gingerbread.
Griddle cakes. Fruit gems. !;
ij Waffles. i!
HEART* DISHES
Corn-meal croquettes. Cora-meal fish balls.
Meat and corn-meal dumplings.
Italian polenta. Tamales.
The recipes are in Farmers' Bulletin 565, "Corn
;j Meal as a Food and Ways of Using It," free from the
I; Department of Agriculture.
J; <!
DELICIOUS CORN MUFFINS.
nere's an old fashioned recipe for
corn muffins that has recently been
Revived and used with unusual success
In several of the larger New York ho
tels: To make three and a half dozen
muffins take one quart milk, six ounces
butter substitute, twelve ounces of
light syrup or honey, four eggs, pinch
of salt, two ounces baking powder,
one and a half pounds cornmeal and
one and a half pounds rye flour. The
butter and syrup should be thoroughly
mixed; then add the eggs gradually.
Pour in the milk and add the rye flour
mixed with cornmeal and baking pow
der.