IMF ON f-BOAT
IS RACKING TO
THE HUMAN BODY
Like Living Inside the Mechan
ism of a Watch.
EVER ON WATCH FOR ENEMY
Correspondent Says Human Beings
Could Not Remain Submerged in
Submarine Fifteen Hours a Day for
Many Days—Heart of the Ship Cen
ters About the Two Periscopes.
Wherever one sees a Frenchman
these days, whether on land, on water,
or in the air, the thick of the fighting is
near. The same is true of fighting un
der the water. I have just returned
from passing two days and three nights
under the Adriatic sea in the M , a
French submarine, says A. R. Decker,
in the Chicago Daily News. We were
cruising for hostile undersea craft that
sail on their piratical expeditions from
Cattaro for the Mediterranean and the
Atlantic, and for enemy surface ships
which might dash out at night from be
hind the Dalmatian islands to attae.k
the southern Italian bases, or the
drifter line across the Otranto straits.
I Commander R of the submarine
in which I was to sail led the way down
a perpendicular ladder into the main
-corridor of the M and showed me
the compact but comfortable quarters
small, wood-trimmed state
rooms for the officers and a locker
where I could Install a shakedown. It
was already hot as sin and I was glad
to strip and don the blue jumper and
overalls which were loaned me. Then
I could at least perspire without think
ing of my clothes.
, Slipping Out of Harbor.
I gave but a hasty glance around at
the countless valves and conduits, and
then hastened above, taking care to
protect myself against the cold. We
are getting under way. Commander
R was in the conning tower. He had
slipped on a tunic over his jumper and
wore his service cap, as did the other
officers, one of whom was at the stern
and the other at the bow, superintend
ing the departure. I climbed out of the
conning tower and took a place
amongst the crew grouped near the
wire railing. The evening air was cool
and refreshing, as we backed, turned
and went ahead until we swuflg on our
course toward the outer harbor. The
silent-sunning electric motor brought
us along so smoothly we seemed to slip
through the water, gathering headway
until neat, well-turned waves fell off
the bows.
With much puffing and snorting the
duty of turning the screws was taken
from the electric motor and turned
over to one of the oil engines, while
the remaining oil engines charged the
accumulators against the time when
we should have to submerge. Our
speed Increased and in a half hour the
old castle and the landmarks of the
quaint southern Italian town had fused
in the glow of a vivid sunset. When
the moon rose I was still breathing the
cool salt air, for one stay of five min
utes In the heat below decks had
driven me above. I stood in the con
ning tower, ready at a moment's no
tice to dive out of sight. Sailors were
in a forward hatch, the only remaining
one left open. Not a soul was on the
bare decks which seemed weird In the
moonlight. Long ago, the wire ratling
had been dismounted and stowed be
low. Our sharp prow cut Its way
through a slightly ruffled sea, spread
ing a gloom of phosphorescence In our
wake. A full moon lit up the Adriatic,
■enabling us to see a long distance.
But the call of sleep won over the
rareness of the situation. Before day
light I was awakened" by the stopping
of the oil engines. Climbing Into the
conning tower, I found that Comman
der R was preparing to submerge.
Sailors Won't Close Hatches.
We already had been partly sub
merged, that is, a sufficient number of
the water compartments had been filled
so that the filling of a few more would
cause the M to dive. We were
nearly balanced. During the night
hours the Diesel engines had been
storing energy into the accumulators
and now the switch was made. A last
order came through the speaking tube
and we slowly sank. Commander
R 's arrival told me that we were
entirely under water. He was the last
man to descend the conning tower lad
der after he himself had closed an 3
bolted the hatch. It is strange but
sailors on submarines do not like to
open or close the hatches. They fear
that the water will enter and engulf
them. However, the weight of the wa
ter is such that it is impossible to
budge the hatches once the ship is
partly under water.
At 4:30 o'clock we were under the
Adriatic and our real submarine life
began. No physical sensation told me
that we were below the sea. My breath
ing was normal and the only objection
able feature was the heat. Qut as th(
hours wore away I began to realizt
that submarine life is one of the mosi
painful that human beings can endure
The heat is terrible, 32 to 35 degrees
centigrade (89 to 95 degrees Fahren
heit) in the section of the Adriatic ai
this time of the year, and the liumidlt3
Is as bad, condensing on the structura
werk and trickling down one's neck un
noticed because of the perspiration tha
is already pouring down. It was so ho
that most of my photographic films
were spoiled.
Gradually I became somewhat accus
tomed to the heat and started out to
explore the M . As I progressed
my confidence increased and I soon
felt as safe as If on dry land. The
I M is a real ship and as stable as a
destroyer. As I walked down the long
corridor from the officers' quarters I
felt as though I were inside the works
of a watch, so complicated did the ma
chinery seem. There were two inner
decks, the lower one for the heavy ac
cumulators and the upper for the two
sets of engines. On the upper deck aft
j was a narrow lane banked by the two
, Diesel engines and the two electric mo
tors. The torpedo tubes were set in
the sides. Forward were the oil tanks
and storerooms. A rapid firing gun
was attached to a trap, ready to be
swung rapidly into position on the
outer deck. The crew's quarters were
forward and aft. Here the half-naked,
sweating men off duty lay on the
ceiling, or in hammocks, trying to get
some sleep. The cook was busy in his
electric kitchen preparing light food
that gave out no odor and did not re
quire an oven. The wireless room was
not occupied, as we were submerged.
Watching for the Enemy.
But the heart of the ship centered
about two periscopes, thick, electrical
ly operated shafts whose lower ex
tremities terminated in the navigation
room. Here the commander or lii.s
officers and underofficers kept half
hour watches which were painful in
their intensity. Our existence depend
ed upon our seeing the enemy the frac
tion of a minute before he saw us.
However, this was not the spirit of the
ship. Our aim was to find enemy sub
marines, and never in all my experi
ence have 1 seen men so intent upon
finding the Germans. Perhaps it was
because the loneliness of our position
welded us Into one family. The little
navigation chamber housed a number
of men. Two sailors sat on little
benches on the starboard side before
two vertical dials, which, by flashing
lights, told our angle of forward pitch
or side roll. We were traveling about
seven knots an hour with our peri
scopes five feet above the waves. The
two men controlled the side planes
which governed our depth. As the
angle lights flashed to zero, 5 or 10 de
grees, they would whirl the wheels and
bring up to the desired depth.
The M was very sensitive be
cause Commander R 's first care
when we submerged had been to bal
ance the ship—that is, to fill the com
partments with just the right amount
of water to make the M a shade
heavier than water. This Is the
French and also the German method.
Many navies maintain the submarine
slightly lighter than water. Our side
rudders and speed kept us at the re
quired depth, like a dirigible balloon.
On the port side one sailor controlled
our course by means of a Sperry gyro
scope compass and a wheel operating
the vertical stern rudder. Other sail
ors stood by at pumps and valves
ready to aid us in diving, or to empty
the water compartments if we needed
to mount to the surface very quickly.
An officer directed the motors and dis
tant valves through speaking tubes and
buzzers.
Silence Is Necessary.
All these men were in a circle of
I about fifteen feet. Silence reigned and
the discipline was severe, for in a sub
marine one must act quickly 4 seconds
i may be precious. When one conversed
it was in whispers and briefly. On a
platform Commander R stood gaz
ing intently through the periscope, a
hand on either support turning the
shaft so as to sweep a little more than
half the horizon. His head was in a
sort of cavity and it was hotter there
than elsewhere. He was perspiring as
in a steam bath. A few feet away an
underofficer was searching the other
half of the horizon.
I took the underofficer's post and
glued my eye to the lens. It surprised
. me that one could see so well. It was
' like looking at a moving picture, the
l leaping waves that made no sound, the
salt spray which had no odor of salt
! and the distant low shore which sent
;us no breeze. Soon my eyes tired from
[ the strain of the lens and I was glad
' ; to stop.
Then Commander R decided to
' emerge for a quarter of an hour. This
was possible since we were far from
" the enemy's base and his airplanes
- I could not see us. We all received this
I news with joy and the valvemen
1 jumped with alacrity to expel the wa
-5 ter. As w T e mounted, Commander
t R first carefully scanned the hori
-1 zon through the periscope, then he
3 himself opened the conning tower
t hatch and searched the Adriatic with
- his glass. There was nothing in sight,
r so we came to the surface and re
e mained quietly rolling in the trough of
t the sea. One by one the sailors came
- out for a breath of air and I am sure
} it was needed. A strange fact is thai
t the pure salt air actually smelled pu
a trid, like burning flesh. I can onlj
r account for this by the theory thai
f the mucous membrane of the nose was
t- burnt by the sudden excess of oxygen
0 Our breathing spell was over all toe
8 soon, and in less than a minute we
were again under the Adriatic, perspir
e ing and watching. The long afternoor
e hours wore on and the air became
e vitiated. From time to time a can 01
1- oxylite, a dangerous, inflammable, hlgl
1- oxygen compound, was placed befor<
e the ventilator and there was a tem
e porary exhilaration as the air becam<
it | surcharged with the precious gas. Bu
?. the effect soon wore off.
s ; Then I was introduced to tea and
1- was surprised to find that tea is th<
it submarine sailor's life saver. Bowls 0:
y hot tea brought our morale back t<
il normal and made life endurable or:c<
1- more.
it That night at 8:30 we emerged ant
>t tran«ferred to the crude-oil motors to.
s the purpose of recharging the batteries.
At 4:30 in the morning we submerged
i- once more and recommenced the ago
-3 nizing watch for the enemy subma
-3 rines.
i Up at Nightfall.
a At noon we came up for another
i i breathing spell of a quarter of an hour
* and, much to the relief of everyone.
[ we emerged completely at 8:30 p. m.
5 ' after a preliminary look through the
- periscope. The first part of the night
r we cruised about our rectangle, keep
- ing a sharp lookout for the enemy,
) without seeing anything more suspi
t cious than a low star, which fooled me
) for a time. So in the early morning
- we shoved the two oil motors into high
i speed and hurried for port at 18 or
> 19 knots an hour, picking up the old
i castle around oa. m. Our number was
; hoisted to the flagstaff and soon we
: were reporting at the first sentry boat
1 in the harbor.
This cruise on the M confirms
■ my belief that the German U-boats
navigate almost entirely on the sur
face. They must do so in order to en
dure t:. » i. nth-long cruises and more
than that the Germans undertake. Hu
man beings could no* remain in a sub
merged submarine 15 hours a day for
t :ore than a few'days. And it is not
necessary for the Germans to remain
submerged. They have plenty of time
to disappear long before a patrol boat
could approach them. The Germans'
task is simple—to watch for a steam
er's smoke and place themselves ahead
of its course until the merchantman
comes within torpedo range. Given the
i right atmospheric conditions, the Ü
boat runs no risk. Its action is limited
I only by its torpedo-carrying capacity
i and its range of vision.
Seaplane Can Find Subn-rarine.
A campaign of submarines' against
i submarines is effective only ro a lim
| ited extent, for the very reason of the
i invisibility of a submarine. From a
periscope one can see only within a ra
dius of 2y 2 miles, and a five-mile circle
on the sea is nothing. Perhaps there
is something to be done with subma
rines working in conjunction with scout
planes, for to date submarines, while
submerged, cannot Watch the sky. In
clear water a seaplane, by flying low,
can see a submarine IS fathoms below j
the surface. But a seaplane finds it
impossible to bomb a submarine and
its efforts are confined to scouting.
The secret of successfully combating
the U-boats c p is in increasing the
means by augmenting the number of
patrol b* :,s, seaplanes, diri.-ibles,
drifters, trawlers and mine fields and
by bombing the submarine bases from
vast squadrons of airplanes.
Future operations of the German Ü
boats are going to cause the allies to
regret that the fighting material was
not increased during the summer
months, when U-boat fighting was
easiest. Enemy submarines are now
cruising in squadrons of six or more
and are audaciously attacking convoys.
This coming winter, I learn from a
reliable source, 2,000-ton U-boats,
armed with 11-inch guns, will be oper
ating in the mid-Atlantic. Winter
storms will soon decrease anti-subma
rine fighting, but they will not decrease
U-boat operations. However, it is
still time for the United States to
build the material for next spring's
campaign. And this is America's task,
because the allies lack the necessary
, resources.
.
••••••••
MAKING ICE FOR THE
UNITED STATES ARNIY
••••••••••••••••••••••••••
I m | .
; Irak
i
* Our soldiers in France will have
cold drinks and properly preserved
food, as the government has ordered
e a number of portable ice machines.
e The largest one is capable of making
x 500 tons a day. The picture shows a
l " soldier holding a cake of manufac
•v tured ice.
t
WOOL FROM OWN SHEEP
0
e Women Had to Sheer Flock Before
They Could Knit.
n When members of the Akra branch
e of the Pembina county, N. D., Red
,f Cross chapter ran out of knitting yarn
h they did not stop their knitting, but
e they sheared the wool from their own
sheep, carded and spun it and now are
e busy as before, knitting socks and
rt wristlets for the soldiers from the gray
wool which they made by carding white
1 and black wool together and later dye
e ing it blue to conform with the Red
if Cross regulations.
o This announcement was made by
e Mrs. B. S. vho is chair
man of the branch, which is cor-p
d mostly of I c'a rulers. --.ho ar ' n:v.
u the worVi ov:r ; Ir z.
AT 64 AMERICAN
WINS WAR MEDALS
Story Furnishes Material* Worthy
of Modern Odyssey.
FIGHTS AGAIN FOR FRANCE
Veteran of the Franco-Prussian War
Returns to Native Country to Join
French Hosts in Battle Against Ger
many—Takes Pride in Fact That He
Is Also Fighting America's Battle.
At sixty-four years of age he was a
second-class private in the French
army. Today at sixty-seven he is a
lieutenant and wears on his breast the
French military medal, the Croix <le
Guerre with palm, and over his shoul
der hangs his regimental Founage.
That but darkly silhouettes the re
markable story of George Le Mesna
ger, an American, of Los Angeles, Cal.,
who has become attached to the head
quarters of the Alpine Chausseurs, the
instructors of the American army, to
act as an English interpreter. For three
years he has fought in the French
army and always as an American citi
zen.
His own story, as he narrated it with
a simplicity unadorned and a delight
ful current of humor carrying it along,
j was material worthy of a modern
Odyssey and a tale that made you
proud tliat your country had given
France such a man.
"At seventeen, I landed in San Fran
cisco," he told me. "Then," he contin
ued, "all the world was young and all
the trees were green. America became
my young wife; France was my moth
l er. And when in 1870 I heard my moth
er was attacked I hastened to her de
fense.
"With a limp in my right knee from
a wound and a tiny medal of honor
; that my country gave me, I came back
to the good U. S. A. and located in Los
Angeles when it" was an adobe town of
2.500 people, 2,000- of whom were Mexi
cans.
"California hns been good to me. I
have prospered. I have raised a good
American family and they are today
all residents of California. At sixty
three I was nursing the delusion that
the best part of life trailed behind me.
But the rumors of war, and then war
itself, swept me away from my life's
quiet moorings.
Joins French Army.
"I saw the final act of the play, the
first act of which I had seen staged in
1870, was to be enacted. I knew that
| in this struggle I would not only be
fighting for France but for America as
well. I made up my mind to get in it.
"Employing a stratagem, I left home
without worrying my family.
"I landed safely in Havre, but had
not been on the street an hour before
a gendarme halted me and asked me
my business. 'I have come to enlist
and fight for France,' I told him. He j
scowled at me and said: 'Old man, i
don't get funny with me —these are i
dangerous times, and I want to know '
your errand here.' 'Take me to the
nearest enlistment office, my good j
man,' I said, 'and I will show you.' Not
knowing what else to do with me he i
did as I suggested.
"We entered the office, and fortu
nately a colonel was in charge. I
| walked up to him and said: 'Colonel,
I have come five thousand miles to
fight for France, and if your regiment
will take me, I'd like to get at It right
away.' The colonel laughingly said:
'Why didn't you come earlier?'
"And I retorted: 'Why didn't you
start the war earlier?' 'Well,' he said,
"maybe we can use you as a cambion
driver.* 'No, you wont,' I said, boldly,
'I didn't come all the way from Los
Angeles, California, to drive a pair of
mules. I've come to fight.'
" 'Bravo,' he says, 'that's the spirit
we want.' When I joined my new regi
ment they were fighting at Verdun;
men were needed; no one asked me
any questions; within a week after I
had arrived I was in the hospital
nursing a wound."
How He Won Medals.
He was very reticent in explaining
how he had obtained his medals, but
by dint of persistent prodding I found
that he had won the Croix de Guerre
when in a front line position his com
mander discovered they were short
of ammunition and asked for a volun
teer to creep rearward over a shell
swept field to notify headquarters. He
• successfully made the perilous trip,
' receiving only a slight wound. His
1 palm came to him when he left a posi
tion of comparative safety to rescue
his wounded colonel and install him in
his retreat while he guarded him dur
ing the night until relieved In the morn
ing.
s "This medal milltalre I never ex
pected to wear," he said. "The action
i in which I won this I never believed
1 I would live through. Three hundred
i of us took a German advance trench,
t and before we had consolidated it a
i thousand or more Boches, springing
e from the ground like the famed har
j vest of dragons' teeth, had surround
y ed us. They called on us to surren
-0 der. Our answer was voiced with lead.
Of the three hundred, twenty of us got
j back to our own trenches, and I, who
was then a sergeant, was the senior of
v ficer in command.
"Three times I have been wounded.
"I am happy bey nd words that I
have escaped death so as to be able te
..rve r c? own con: -T In this war."
ARMY OF WOMEN TO
BE SENT TO FRANCE
England Recruits 5.000 to 10,-
000 Workers Every
Month.
England will soon have an army of
women in France comparing favorably
In numbers with "the contemptlbles"
who constituted the first mate contin
gent sent to France. This same epithet,
which the kaiser applied to England*'*
first army, has been frequently used in
referring to the first female contingent,
but that has been changed now to the i
highest words of praise from the army
commanders.
The first stepc were taken to recruit
women of all classes for service over
seas. the war office askinc for between
8.000 and 10.000 monthly. A giant
scheme of substitution is progressing
behind the lines, women being placed !
in men'# positions in freight stations, :
warehouses, clerical offices, even in
the Royal Flying corps. 1
Minister of Labor Roberts declared {
In an address to women that he mar- 1
veled at women's adaptability, which 1
not only exceeded all expectations but '
had reached a point where they were 5
invaluable. 1
As many as possible would be util- f
lzed near their homes, but the greater '
proportion would be sent into districts '
where the man power was being large
ly diluted. For the last six months 1
women had been cooking for the offi- t
cers' and men's messes in France. Ev- (
ery report shows that where they have 1
taken up this work the food has been I
better prepared, the cook houses are in (
better sanitary condition and the men t
are better satisfied. Furthermore, it |
has been discovered that three women (
occupy less space in the hnt than two
men. Despite all forecasts and expec- t
tations, the use of women with the ar
my has proved a big economy as well
as increasing military efficiency.
\
_t_ _t_ _t. r t.,l, r f, r f, , r f, r f n r f t f t, r f -i f t, -f-, r ti rf-i rforf--T-r r >- -f-trf-i
TTTTTTTXT T TT T T T
DISCHARGES COOK FOR
NOT SIGNING PLEDGE '
s
' HBP&SI
Mrs. Daniel Griflin, a patriotic worn- i
an and wife of Congressman Griflin of
New York, is now cooking her own
meals. She discharged her cook for
refusing to sign a food conservation
pledge recently. Mrs. Griffin will do
her own cooking hereafter.
MESOPOTAMIA'S HOT SPELL
Mercury Last July Touched 122.8 at
Bagdad.
This has been the hottest season in
Mesopotamia of which record exists.
The highest temperature at Bagdad
was 122.8 in July, and at Basrah 122,
while in the tents of the soldiers the
thermometer rose to 10 degrees high
er. This was 10 to 12 degrees higher
than in 1910. August was also se
verely hot, and September opened with
a heat wave which drove the ther
mometer to an average of 8 degrees
above normal. The mercury at Basrah
on August 28 was 118 and on Septem
ber 5 was 116 in a damp atmosphere.
In spite of the abnormal conditions
the spirit of the troops has been ex
cellent, and in the hottest weather
sports have been enjoyed as usual.
Early In June a football cup series was
played at Samarah. The first week of
September was marked by a regatta
and race meeting at Bagdad and a
large number of men are now in train
ing for a big boxing tournament.
PARLEZ FRANCAIS MODIFIED
English May Now Be Spoken Into
Paris Telephones.
Wartime regulations in France pro
hibiting conversation over the tele
phones In any language but French
have been modified. English can now
be spoken over the wires within the
limits of the city of Paris, but not In
communicating with other cities or
towns or in tJbe war zone.
The unsuspecting American will now
be saved the annoyance of having his
tolk over the phone broken Into almost
as soon as begun by the shrill com
mand etf the demoiselle du telephone:
"Parlez Francais, s. v. p., monsieur,"
OLD LINER NOW
HOUSES SEAPLANES
Is Mother of Eyes of the British
Grand Fleet.
VISIT TO SHIPS BY AIR
Newspaper Correspondent Goes Out to;
Meet Returning Battle Cruisers— (
Views Greatest Concentration of
Fighting Vessels in the History of
the World—ls an Inspiring Sight.
Far up in the North sea there is an!
old Atlantic liner which has been con-1
verted into a mother iship for sea
pi fines guarding the fleet and scouting
ahead in times of peril.
The Nvw York Sun correspondent;
visiting the grand fleer was taken;
aboard and saw the wonderful work
of reconstruction done by the admir
alty in transforming a vessel which at
the outbreak of the war had been
scrapped as absolutely useless. To
day she houses scores of aircraft,
grading from small, baby seaplanes to
the big American type capable of car
rying three passengers.
It is almost with the sense of enter
ing an old cathedral that one boards
today this rejuvenated liner and passes
down the long aisles which formerly
held hundreds of passengers traveling
between New York and Liverpool. The
cabins now house in the spacious quar
ters forward men who operate bal
loons or pilot aircraft. All the after
portion of this vessel is occupied with
giant gas bags, which are used for
observation purposes.
Can Speed at 18 Knots.
Decks and cabins are filled with the
paraphernalia of flyfng. So far In this
war there hns been little said of the
work of the grand fleet, but a visit to
this ship gives an idea of the efficiency
to which its work has been carried.
This high-speed mother ship is capa
ble of housing alrrrnft for all neces
sary observation work. She speeds
Into the wind at a rate of IS knots un
til the air pressure of her headway, in
combination with the speed devel
oped by the huge seaplane motors is
sufficient to carry them frora the deck
before they reach rhe end of the float
ing ship. Big derricks hoist planes
from a portion of the deck upon which
pnssengers formerly playea quoits or
shuffieboard> Their engines are start
ed and keyed up to flying pitch while
deckhands hold to the stays or wheel*
attached to the floats until the signal
Is given for starting. Then the re
leased plane soars fron* the deck out
over the hartv>r.
It Is almost uncanny to sail out over
vessels which looked huge when tend
ers were alongside, then watch them
gradually diminish i» size until they
become mere pygmies dwarfed by dis
tance and lowered Into Insignificance
by the great altitude. As we ascend
ed a battle cruiser's siren screamed
out and could be heard even above the
roar of our We circled about
the battle cruiser squadron, looking
down upon ships which ordinarily
would.'have been Impressive, but now
were tiny elipsee on the broad expanse
of the harbor.
Visiting the Battle Cruisers.
Another plane, just leaving the wa
ter, looked like a fly attempting to get
above the smoke of the surrounding
vessels. All the auxiliary craft dis
appeared or became mere dots upon
the blue table. Far out toward the
harbor entrance a long lane of smoke
marked approaching vessels.
We circled down toward the smoke
and made a line toward the battle
cruisers we knew were returning from
patrol duty In the North sea. It waa
the perfect alignment of the* battle
fleet which struck the observer most
forcibly, each vessel taking a position
exactly to the rear of the one ahead
and giving some idea of uhe perfect
system of co-operation between the
units which has made the British
grand fleet supreme In naval affairs
Outspread upon the forbidding-look
ing harbor was the entire fleet of ves
sels which has been guarding Eng
land's shores for the last three years,
although the harbor looked small from
a distance of 3,000 feet.
This is the greatest mobile concen
tration of fighting vessels In the his
tory of the world. Even when seen
together it is hard to realize that this
aggregation has kept England safe
from attack and has prevented the
German high seas fleet from coming
from its harbor. Considering Its slze|
from the great height aided material
ly In realizing what an enormous
treasure Britain has poured out In
building such a tremendous fighting
machine and what fortunes are being
spent dally In maintaining It. In
spired by the spectacle, It was possible
to visualize this greatest unit of the
British sea force co-operating with the
American warships in making the wa
terways of the earth safe for all traf
fic.
Just as In the days gone by, when
Britain conquered piracy and made
the lanes places of comfortable travel
for American clippers, the same out
rageous piracy exists today and It is
with the help of American men-of-war
that the British grand fleet once more
will make the water routes immune
from base depredations.
.Anthrax Germs in Bandages.
Quantities of anthrax germs have
been discovered In bandages made by
Red Cross workers In North Carolina.
4