Colombian drug 'super state' emerges
By GEORGE GEDDA
Associated Press Writer
WASHINGTON, D.C. A troubling challenge
facing President Bush as he gropes for ways to com
bat drug smuggling is the emergence of a drug
"super state" in Latin America, an entity with many
of the trappings of a nation state.
The drug "super state" a term once used by a
Colombian attorney general shortly before he was
murdered by drug traffickers last year has a
defense establishment, controls large swaths of ter
ritory, issues communiques, and even boasts what
amounts to a "commerce department," which assi
duously promotes the export of cocaine and other
illicit drugs.
It also has what its defenders regard as a -progres
sive political philosophy.
Diego Cordoba, a lawyer employed by Colombian
drug barons, contended in an interview with a Bra
zilian newspaper last year that drug trafficking has
done more to alleviate poverty and hunger in Latin
America than any government in the region.
Another lawyer for the traffickers, Mario Mango,
wrote in a best-selling book that the drug business
has opened new opportunities for the underprivi
leged classes.
"The money from the drug traffic has acted as a
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"The money from the drug
traffic has acted as a brake on
the social and political
deterioration of the country."
MARIO ARANGO,
a lawyer for drug traffickers
brake on the social and political deterioration of the
country," Mango says.
According to U.S. government figures, as much
as $1.7 billion in cocaine-generated revenues last
year bolstered the economies of Peru and Bolivia,
the two largest cocaine producers in the world. The
figure for Colombia, the conduit for 80 per cent of the
cocaine consumed in the United States and Europe,
is estimated at $4 billion.
The super state boasts a formidible defense estal›.
lishment. While the underfunded Colombian police
have about 30 helicopters at their disposal, one sin
gle trafficker, Jorge Luis Ochoa, reportedly has 50
aircraft and an arsenal of weapons.
Unlike the Colombian government, which
requires months and sometimes years to acquire
weaponry for its military, the drug traffickers
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Another characteristic of a nation state the drug
lords have is the ability to declare war. After Colom
bian President Virgin() Barco ordered a crackdown
on the drug traffickers two weeks ago confiscat
ing millions of dollars worth of property and arrest
ing 11,000 suspects the cartel issued a statement
asserting the existence of a state of "absolute and
total war" with the government.
If the drug super state has a capital, it is, of
course, Medellin, a city located about 150 miles
northwest of Bogota. Medellin is desribed as the
"central star" of a "sprawling, fluctuating constel
lation" by Douglas Payne, director of hemispheric
studies for the pro-democracy research organization
Freedom House.
The super state has numerous branch offices,
including one in Panama where a key ally, Gen. Ma
nuel Antonio Noriega, from time to time has wel
comed Colombian drug kingpins needing a safe
haven.
With the combined economic, political and mili
tary powers of a government, Payne says, the cartel
is now acting like a state and asking to be treated
like one.
"Will he present the first drug-based development
model?"
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Eastside H.S. begins
era without Joe Clark
By MICHAEL MORAN
Associated Press Writer
PATERSON, N.J. The year was
1g75 B.C. "Before Clark," as former
Eastside High School principal Joe
Clark likes to call it.
The school reeled under the weight of
no discipline, he says. Drugs were sold
openly in hallways. Fist fights turned to
stabbings. Pregnant 15-year-olds and
boys headed for welfare sat in grafitti
scarred classrooms designed more to
restrain than to teach, Clark says.
It is now 1989 A.D., which could easily
stand for After Discipline.
Clark is gone from Eastside, a victim,
he says, of the politics of Paterson's
Board of Education. Officially on sab
batical while recovering from open
heart surgery, he has said he will not
return.
"Now, the building is in a high state
of decoration," Clark said, his speech
similarly adorned. "The kids are
straightened out, the place is conducive
to learning. My job is done."
"I can't physically stand the rigors
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The Daily Collegian Tuesday, Sept. 5,1989-11
and difficulty of a large inner-city school
anymore," he said. "And I see little
hope for inner-city education. I no long
er want to be a part of institutionalized
child abuse."
Charles Lighty, a former vice princi
pal at Eastside and last year principal
of Paterson's Elementary School No. 6,
takes the principal's chair this year.
Clark's legacy remains unsettled.
Others, including some on the school
board, see him as a shameless self-pro
moter, a man who expelled students
without due process and whose author
itarian style promoted order without
improving academics.
Lighty's appointment is no rebuke to
Clark, but board members and school
officials have made it clear they want
academics to improve.
"He knows Eastside very well,
worked with Clark in starting some of
the initiatives there," said Frank
Napier, city schools superintendent.
"He's curriculum oriented and the pri
mary focus at Eastside now is to move
it into the realm of improving academ
ics."