Gulf plan may signal tilt toward Iraq
By TIM AHERN
Associated Press Writer
WASHINGTON, D.C. The Reagan ad
ministration's decision to protect Kuwaiti oil
tankers signals a tilt toward Iraq in the
Persian Gulf war and could lead to a poten
tially disastrous conflict with Iran, two senior
Democratic senators said yesterday.
"The Kuwaiti flagging is a symbol of the
absence of policy," said Sen. Sam Nunn, D-
Ga., the chairman of the Senate Armed
Services Committee.
Another key senator, Sen. Claiborne Pell,
D-R.1., the chairman of the Foreign Relations
Committee, said that "Iran is likely to see
assistance tendered to Iraq's ally as provoca
tive."
Locals protest
Herman and Letterman's votes
on divestment evoke criticism
By KARL HOKE
Collegian Staff Writer
Members of the Pennsylvania Pub
lic Interest Coalition and the Commit
tee for Justice in South Africa
strongly criticized two area legis
lators who last week voted against an
amendment that would prohibit new
state investments in South Africa.
The two groups criticized state
Reps. Lynn Herman, R-Centre, and
Russell Letterman, D-Centre, for op
posing an amendment to a bill which
would have prevented any additional
money from the State Employees
Retirement System from being in
vested in corporations doing business
in South Africa. PennPlC and CJSA
advocate the severence of all U.S.
financial ties to South Africa.
The lawmakers were also urged to
vote for a package of bills in the state
House next week that will call for a
pullout of state funds from South
Africa at Friday's press conference
in the Paul Robeson Cultural Center.
Proponents of divestment claim
that every option short of strong
economic pres'sure and violence have
been tried and have failed to force the
white minority government to allow
the black majority basic economic,
social and educational rights.
Because American companies offer
equal pay for equal work and have
desegregated work facilities, oppo
nents of divestment believe 'that con
tinued corporate investment in South
Africa can be a positive force for
change.
"Reps. Lynn Herman and Russell
Letterman following trends set by
the Pennsylvania State University
and Pennsylvania's economic giants
such as Mellon Bank Corportation
have demonstrated with their no
votes on Rep. Gordon Linton's
Pope leaves Poland,
returns to Vatican
By KEVIN COSTELLOE
Associated Press Writer
WARSAW, Poland Pope John
Paul II yesterday ended a weeklong
pilgrimage to his homeland with a
triumphant Roman Catholic march
through Warsaw and a stern lecture
about human rights to Poland's Com
munist leader.
Gen. Wojciech Jaruzelski, in his
own strongly worded farewell re
marks, reminded the pontiff that
while the pope would take fond mem
ories of the visit back to the Vatican,
Poland would have to seek a solution
to its own problems.
John Paul and his entourage ar
rived in Rome at 9:25 p.m., where an
Italian military helicopter took them
on to the Vatican.
During his visit, the pontiff repeat
edly praised the outlawed Solidarity
movement, while police_ detained
scores of backers of the only indepen
dent labor federation ever recognized
in the Soviet bloc.
The Polish-born pope and
Jaruzelski held a hastily scheduled
the
daily
"In devising a response to the gulf crisis,
the administration should focus on ending the
Iran-Iraq war and not on a course that risks
an American-Iranian clash," Pell wrote in a
commentary appearing in yesterday's edi
tions of The New York Times.
Nunn, interviewed on NBC-TV's, "Meet the
Press," said the decision to fly the Stars and
Stripes from 11 of Kuwait's 22 oil tankers, and
to offer them U.S. Navy protection in the gulf,
signals "that we have basically taken a
strong tilt towards Iraq."
Such a shift from the official neutrality
Washington has observed since the war be
gan in September 1980 "ought to be debated
on its own merits and not on the illusion that
we are really protecting the free flow of oil,"
Nunn said.
amendment to H 8456 that they will
side with the defenders of apartheid,"
Travis Parchman, vice president of
CJSA, said.
In an interview with WRSC radio,
Letterman defended his vote against
the amemdment.
"I think I voted the right way . . .
someone has to look after these pen
sion funds." He said that he feels the
federal government, not a state legis
lator is better equipped to determine
whether or not the blacks in South
Africa are being hurt by U.S. invest
ments.
"Why hasn't the president of the
United States taken it upon himself to
divest all federal monies from South
Africa?" Letterman asked.
' Herman was in Washington over
the weekend and was unavailable for
comment.
"I must question Reps. Letterman
and Herman's dedication to the pro
tection of our freedoms if they are not
willing to take a moral stand against
the oppressive and racist regime that
exists in South Africa today," said
Tammy Peavler, regional director of
PennPlC. "I urge every voter in
Pennsylvania to raise the same ques
tion with their representatives."
Bob Allen, education director of
District 1199 P of the National Union
of Hospital and Health Care Employ
ees, said state monies should be in
vested in the state on repairing our
infrastructure, retraining workers,
and improving health care and edu
cation, rather than upholding the
apartheid system in South Africa.
Parchman announced that a pro
test will be held today at noon in front
of Herman's office at 300 S. Burrowes
St. to protest Herman's past voting
record and publicize the upcoming
diiestment legislation.
one-hour private meeting at 'War
saw's military airport before John
Paul and his entourage departed in a
LOT Polish Airlines Soviet-made TU
-154M.
There was no immediate word on
what Jaruzelski and the pope dis
cussed.
In bidding him farewell, the Com
munist leader reminded John Paul
that while the pontiff would take
recollections of his homeland back to
Rome, "you can't take its real prob
lems . . . We have our own path."
As the general spoke, the white
robed pope stood behind him on a
small platform along the runway,
frequently fidgeting and tugging on
the gold chain around his neck that
holds the papal crucifix.
Jaruzelski, clad in a dark suit,
called for the truth about Poland to be
told, saying that: "In recent days, it
(the truth) has been the victim of
foreign manipulations."
Poland's state-run news media
complained that the Western press
was biased in its coverage of the visit,
Please see POPE, Page 7.
one • ian
Pell and Nunn urged joint action with
Moscow to stop the fighting between Iran and
Iraq, which has claimed an estimated 1
million casualties and spilled over into the so
called "Tanker War" in the gulf.
"Working with the Soviet Union is likely to
contain the war and constrain the Soviet
presence in the gulf," Pell said. "By contrast,
a United States-Iran military clash could
create opportunities for the Soviet Union in
Iran and the region."
Nunn said that while "the United States
and the Soviet Union may have a conver
gence of interests" in ending the ground war,
"we do not have a convergence of interest in
the Persian Gulf itself."
Pell urged lawmakers to back his bill to
block the reflagging plan. Nunn and other
Research may revive coal industry
By JEANNETTE GIBSON
Collegian Science Writer
Pennsylvania's depressed coal industry may be
revived by the research and development of a new
technology at the University, researchers say.
Robert Jenkins, chairman of the University's
fuel science program and program coordinator of
a project at the Combustion Laboratory, said coal
water fuel technology blends coal, water and
additives to create a slurry a liquid that can be
burned in boilers that currently use fuel oil or
natural gas.
Jenkins said the University is the world's lead
ing center for coal-water fuel research, an area
which some researchers hope will help stabilize
the coal industry. He said funding for the project
comes from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,
Students in Seoul vow to hold cathedra
By RICHARD HERZFELDER
Associated Press Writer
SEOUL, South Korea Riot police
encircling Seoul's Roman Catholic
cathedral suddenly withdrew late
yesterday, but militant students who
have held the besieged complex for
five days now vowed to stay put.
About 300 students took over the
Myongdong Cathedral compound in
the center of the capital last Wednes
day when anti-government protests'
flared across South Korea.
After police withdrew last night,
astonished students rushed around
asking what happened. The govern
ment earlier demanded that they
surrender and face charges.
Priests told them they could go,
though hours earlier riot police bat
tled thousands of people who demon
strated around the cathedral in
support of the students. Many stu
dents said they did not want to leave
the compound, which they declared a
"liberated zone."
"We are here not because we don't
have homes to live in. We want to
fight until the military dictatorship is
finished," one said.
Leaders of the group said they
would meet today with priests to
discuss the situation. They denied
which has provided about $1.5 million in operating
funds and about $BOO,OOO for equipment.
Alan Scaroni, associate professor of fuel sci
ence, said the goal of the project is "to use coal as
a substitute for fuel oils in boilers in business,
industries and state institutions."
Different types of coal are being tested and their
combustion performance evaluated in the Com
bustion Laboratory in the Academic Activities
Building in order to find new applications for the
burning of Pennsylvania coal, Scaroni said.
Richard L. Gordon, professor of mineral eco
nomics, said Pennsylvania has traditionally been
a major producer of coking coal, which is used in
the production of steel.
However,, because Pennsylvania's coke-based
steel mills are depressed, the need for coking coal
has decreased, he said.
reports they were offered amnesty by
the government and said police
wanted them to agree to end all anti
government activity.
The students demanded that the
government release all prisoners de
tained in connection with the unrest.
More than 5,000 people have been
arrested and hundreds remain in
custody, but the government hasn't
released exact figures.' •
Catholic church officials, who re
fused to be identified, said a deal was
worked out with the government to
end the siege. A government spokes
man declined to comment on any
deal.
The dramatic turnaround appeared
to be a government attempt to try to
end violent clashes that over the
weekend centered on showing sup
port for the cathedral holdouts.
Opposition groups launched nation
wide demonstrations last week. They
demand the fall of the government
and replacement of an election sys
tem they say ensures the continued
rule of President Chun Doo-hwan's
Democratic Justice Party when he
steps down in February. They want
direct presidential elections instead
of the present electoral college.
The protests produced the worst
Please see KOREA, Page 7.
senators have said that the administration Administration officials have declined to
simply ought to deiay it, to avoid losing any say whether they would launch a pre-emptive
more credibility in the region. strike against an estimated 20 Chinese-made
"I think we're in a box now, having already Silkworm anti-ship missiles that are owned
publicly promised to do it," Sen. John Glenn„ by Iran and could hit vessels passing through
D-Ohio, said late last week, the mouth of the Persian Gulf.
Administration officials agreed to reflag Concern about administration actions in
the Kuwaiti vessels after the conservative the gulf sharpened after an Iraqi warplane,
Arab state, which neighbors Iraq on the apparently by accident, fired two missiles at
Persian Gulf, leased three Soviet oil tankers the Navy frigate Stark on May 17, killing 37
as a means to discourage Iranian attacks U.S. sailors.
against its oil shipments. A further risk became apparent over the
Although the first Kuwaiti tanker was weekend with a Lebanese newspaper report
scheduled to fly the U.S. banner as early as that some of the American hostages taken in
June 3, the reflagging has been delayed until Beirut have been moved to Iran and that a
early next month while administration offi- leading Iranian religious figure wants them
cials decide how they should respond to an to stand trial there. The Iranian Embassy in
Iranian attack. Lebanon yesterday denied the report.
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Throngs gather in front of Myongdong Cathedral in Central Seoul in an anti.
government protest as demonstrators wave South Korean National flags.
Protests have been going on for five days and have been met by harshpunltive
police action.
Monday June 15, 1987
Vol. 88, No. 3 12 pages University Park, Pa. 16802
Published by students of The Pennsylvania State University
©1987 Collegian Inc.
"Coal-water slurries appear best designed as a
way of creating a new market for coal in the
manufacturing industries, if it can be demon
strated that coal will be competitive with gas and
oil as a source of fuel," Gordon said.
Jenkins said, "At this time, coal slurries are not
less expensive than oil or natural gas to use in
boilers, but the price of oil is likely to rise signifi
cantly as it did in the '7os.
"If this should happen, then the research will
poise Pennsylvania in the forefront of an emerging
energy technology and prepare the state to handle
another energy crisis," he added.
Scaroni said the conversion to the use of coal
water fuel over natural gas or oil is not a difficult
one. "Coal-water fuel can be stored in tanks that
now hold oil and (the) technology is relatively
Please see COAL, Page 7.
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