2 —The Daily Collegian Friday, Dee. 5, 1986
Lithotripsy new wave in medicine
By RUTH FOLLMER
Collegian Science Writer
Two new techniques, ultrasonic and
extracorporeal shock-wave lithotrip
sy, provide better, safer, and less
painful ways to treat patients with
kidney stones.
Thomas Rohner, professor of sur
gery and chief of urology at the
University’s Hershey Medical Cen
ter, explained the latest techniques
used to treat kidney stones at a semi
nar Wednesday sponsored by the
bioengineering department.
During ultrasonic lithotripsy, a
probe is inserted through the urethra
and placed against the stone.
“High power is then needed to
transfer vibrational energy through
the probe to the stone to break it up
Chernobyl
By HEATHER WILSON
Collegian Science Writer
The accident that occurred at the Chernobyl
Unit Four Reactor in the Soviet Union last April
could not happen at nuclear reactors in the United
States, said Lawrence Hochreiter, a consulting
engineer for Westinghouse Electric Corp.
Hochreiter said he bases that opinion on infor
mation he received from a task force that was in
direct contact with the Soviets during a Vienna
conference held after the accident. He said West
inghouse “has several individuals with first-hand
knowledge of Soviet design and operational philos
ophy.”
Hochreiter, who spoke on campus last month,
said that during the Vienna conference, the Soviets
hoped to convince the world’s experts that they
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into pieces (of a size) that could be
removed with forceps,” Rohner said,
adding that the pieces are then small
enough to pass through the urinary
tract without much difficulty.
As with any medical procedure,
however, complications might occur.
The most common commplications
are bleeding, which often requires
that patients receive transfusions.
and the development of a fever,
which indicates the patient has an
infection, Rohner said.
Extracorporeal shock-wave litho
tripsy differs from ultrasonic litho
tripsy because no probe is inserted
into the patient’s body, Rohner said.
Instead, the patient is lowered into a
warm-water bath and a computerized
X-ray machine locates the stone.
Shock waves are then generated
repeat not possible
had adequately analyzed the accident and that
their proposed changes would improve the plant’s
design.
However, Hochreiter said the proposed changes
are like “putting a Band-Aid on cancer.”
Earlier last month, Energy Secretary James
Herrington told the Senate Subcommittee on En
ergy and Nuclear Proliferation, that the Soviet
Union might have restarted the Chernobyl plant
without completing their promised changes.
According to an article in The Philadelphia
Inquirer, Herrington said he had “no way of
knowing” whether the Soviets had made the im
provements or had restarted the plant too soon to
have completed them.
Gordon Robinson, a University Associate Pro
fessor of Nuclear Engineering, agreed: “They
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“like a spark plug,” said Rohner,
“and aimed at a reflector, which
directs the waves toward the location
of the stones.”
“The number of shock waves gen
erated per minute corresponds to the
patient's pulse,” Rohner said.
"Usually 1,500-2,000 shocks are re
quired to break up the stones,” he
said.
John Vastyn, Hershey spokesman,
said 184 extracorporeal shock-wave
lithotriptic procedures have been
done since the procedure was first
used at the medical eenter.
Ultrasonic lithotripsy is not used
much anymore because ESWL allows
shortens the hospital stay for pa
tients, Rohner said.
During ESWL patients must re
ceive anesthesia when the shock
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waves are generated, because the
procedure would be very painful if
the patient were fully awake.
“It would be like Shane Conlan
hitting you 2,000 times to break up the
stones,” Rohner said. Conlan is a
Penn State linebacker.
The success of ESWL depends on
the size and number of stones. “The
surface area of the stone is relevant
to the number of shocks needed to
break it up,” Rohner said. “Multiple
stones lower the chance of a patient
being stone free after treatment.”
The procedure is much safer than
surgical treatment, Rohner said.
According to an article published in
the Morb itity and Mortality Weekly
Report, “two deaths occurred out of
the 10,000 patients treated, and two
patients lost kidneys.”
in u.s.
really wouldn’t have had the time to make the
changes they had promised.”
Westinghouse has evaluated the probable causes
of the accident, Hochreiter said, adding that the
comapany has investigated the implications of the
extreme differences in design and function be
tween the Soviet and American plants.
An important difference between the Soviet and
American plants, said Jerry Gromley (senior-nu
clear engineering), is that, unlike the American
plants that have a negative temperature coeffi
cient, the Soviet-designed plants have a positive
temperature coefficient
Gromley explained that under normal operating
conditions, a change in power in American plants
causes the plant to lose heat. A Soviet plant in the
same situation, however, begins to generate enor
mous amounts of heat thus increasing its power.
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