14—The Daily Collegian Wednesday, Aug. 27, 1916
Cornell, Texas A&M scientists light up gene research
By WARREN E. LEARY
AP Science Writer
WASHINGTON, D.C. Researchers have
developed a way to "tag" genes so that they
glow in the dark, a technique they say gives
scientists a way to follow specific genetic
activity of cells within plants and animals.
Scientists from Cornell University's Boyce
Thompson Institute for Plant Research and
Texas A&M University developed the tagging
technique so that they could visually tell
when certain - genes were working within
organisms.
The development, announced Sunday by
the institute and the National Science Foun
dation, which sponsored the research, should
prove useful to genetic engineers studying
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and modifying the basic functions of orga-
Genes are small pieces of DNA, or deoxyri
bonucleic acid, the basic substance of hered
ity. Strands of DNA make up the
chromosomes within, cells that pass on their
characteristics to subsequent generations.
Within these chromosomes are genes which
turn on .and off to make proteins which
influence the chemistry of the organism.
Genetic engineers transfer genes to and from
organisms in hopes of giving them advan
tageous characteristics or to remove neg
ative ones.
The new technique, called bioluminescent
genetic tagging, puts a marker on trans
ferred genes so that cells light up as they
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When the nodules were cut open, they emitted a blue•green
glow.
—Cornell and Texas A&M researchers
follow their new genes' chemical instruc
tions.
Dr. Aladar A. Szalay, a Thompson Institute
biochemist who headed the development
team, said the non-destructive technique
someday might be used, to follow devel
opment of specific tissues or organs in plants
and animals.
"We can now take organisms such as
bacteria and follow their exact interaction
with plants, animals or each other based
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ing the organisms," he said in a statement.
Szalaj , said recent data obtained from
collaborative work with University of
Georgia scientists indicate computerized
image analysis of light emission can identify
even single cells in a tissue.
The characteristic blue-green glow comes
from an enzyme called luciferase, which is
obtained from a salt-Water bacterium. Scien
tists take the genes that produce the enzyme
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from the bacterium and transfer them to
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The piece of DNA being studied is joined to
the luciferase gene and put into a chromo
some of a recipient organism, said Szalay
and his colleagues, Dr. Roman P. Legocki,
graduate student Misuk Legocki and Dr.
Thomas 0. Baldwin, a biochemist at Texas
A&M University.
When the gene being studied activates, the
light-emitting gene attached to it produces its
glowing enzyme.
The process is similar to, but more refined
than, the technique of tagging cells or tissues
with radioactive tracers or fluorescent chem
icals, the researchers said: The other mark
ing techniques do not allow scientists to flag
and follow individual gene activity.
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