state/nation/world
Black South African
By JAMES F. SMITH
Associated Press Writer
JOHANNESBURG, South Africa
Black students ended two years of
school boycotts yesterday and
streamed back to classes to prepare
for the new academic year on the
strength of a pact parents reached
with the white-led government.
Attendance was heavy as schools
reopened in urban centers including
Johannesburg, Pretoria, Cape Town
and Port Elizabeth, where boycotts
cut attendance for much of 1984 and
1985.
On some days in recent months,
more than 200,000 black students boy
cotted classes out of 1.7 million en
rolled in urban areas. The boycotts
have been a central factor in 17
months of racial unrest that led to the
.deaths of more than 1,000 people,
most of them Blacks.
Outside a school in Johannesburg's
huge black township of Soweto, police
Used tear gas to break up groups of
chanting students, residents said. But
there were no other reports of trou
ble, and the fragile accord appeared
to have opened the door to normaliz
ing the long-troubled black schools.
Police reported the stabbing deaths
of four black men in a fight between
rival gangs at a squatter camp out
side Cape Town. Police headquarters
in Pretoria also acknowledged riot
patrols shot dead a 15-year-old girl
and a 35-year-old man Monday in
Kagiso, west of Johannesburg.
The girl was slain after police
Phillipine cardinal demands independent pollwatchers
By ALEX GAW
Associated Press Writer
• MANILA, Philippines The Philippines'
top Roman Catholic church official yesterday
demanded that independent pollwatchers be
allowed to monitor next week's presidential
election in an effort to prevent fraud.
The admonition from Manila Cardinal
Jaime Sin came as President Ferdinand E.
Marcos campaigned on the island of Minda
nao and opposition candidate Corazon Aquino
stumped in towns south of Manila.
"In my capacity as archbishop of Manila, I
demand that what NAMFREL (National
Movement for Free Elections) is asking
should be given," said Sin.
NAMFREL chairman Jose Concepcion said
Ramona
defends
By MIKE OWEN
Associated Press Writer
PHILADELPHIA In court
rooms, hallowed ground in a system
they despise, members of the radical
MOVE group have broken rules and
been ejected. But Ramona Africa is
"nothing other than lawyerly" in
presenting the defense in her own
criminal trial.
The only known adult survivor of
the May 13 confrontation between
police and MOVE retains the group's
defiant look, appearing in court in
blue jeans, her thick dreadlocks
dwarfing her face.
Yet some say she's making points
while representing herself against
aggravated assault, riot, conspiracy
and other charges arising from the
mayhem that left 11 people dead, 61
homes destroyed and the city shaken.
"MOVE is against the system,"
Africa, 20, told Common Pleas Court
Judge Michael Stiles recently while
claiming the right to represent her
self at trial. "If I put my life in the
hands of an officer of the system, it
would be as irrational as a Jew put
ting himself in the hands of a Nazi."
Daniel Stevenson sits next to Africa
in the courtroom as back-up counsel
to give help if she requests it, and he
acknowledged, "I'd be a lot more
comfortable with this case if I were
trying it myself."
Africa, who reportedly was in an
undergraduate pre-law program at
Temple University and once worked
as a paralegal, lets the prosecution
get away with too much, he said.
At the same time, Stevenson said,
she is bright and often displays "good
instincts" favoring a sequestered
jury, for example.
On Friday, she called Mayor W.
Wilson Goode to the stand, demand
ing first, "Are you a liar?" but then
resuming her monotone while baring
her fire-scarred left arm to the jury.
On Monday, 14-year-old Michael
Ward, once known as Birdie Africa
and the only other known survivor of
the confrontation, testified he did not
see any of the cult members shoot a
gun or strike anyone.
And yesterday, former Police Com
missioner Gregore Sambor testified
that the bomb police dropped on
:MOVE's headquarters was intended
broke up a rally to debate whether to
return to school, one of several such
meetings banned by authorities. The
Kagiso youths decided to go to school
yesterday, but a black newspaper
noted the accord could be threatened
by such incidents.
Boycotts over black demands for
equal education with white children
started in early 1984 as part of the
protest against apartheid, the system
of legal racial segregation .
A breakthrough came in late De
cember, when education officials ne
gotiated with the National Parents'
Crisis Committee, a group with wide
spread backing from activist youths.
Demands included the withdrawal
of soldiers from riot duty in the town
ships, an end to the state of emergen
cy and the release of detained leaders
as well as educational grievances.
The department said it could not
grant political demands but agreed to
allow' elected student councils and
provide more money for textbooks
and other needs.
Education officials, acknowledging
that thousands of youths had boy
cotted end-of-year exams in Novem
ber, also agreed to set up a second set
of exams in February and March for
boycotters and to begin the 1986 aca
demic year in April.
The parents group said schools
should reopen Tuesday, three weeks
after the scheduled date, and the
government tacitly accepted that de
mand to allow community groups
time to debate the concessions of
fered by the department.
Sin, among other things, was referring to
demands that the group be allowed to conduct
its own "quick count" of returns from the
Feb. 7 election.
Sin's statement during mass was followed
by the reading of a pointed pastoral letter
from all Filipino bishops, who said they see
signs of fraud and violence similar to the
'Dattern of past elections.
Fourteen people have been killed in elec
tion-related incidents in the month-old presi
dential campaign.
The bishops did not criticize or endorse
Marcos or Aquino and were not explicit about
who was committing the alleged abuses, but
their criticism supported actions that would
tend to help Aquino.
They urged the people to vote for "persons
Africa
herself
to drive MOVE members from the
house, not kill people.
Except for a loud reaction earlier in
the proceedings to entry of testimony
about a 1978 confrontation between
police and MOVE, in which a police
officer was killed, she has controlled
her emotions, observers said.
"She's been nothing other than
lawyerly in this case," Stevenson
said.
The Supreme Court in 1975 estab
lished the right of defendants to rep
resent themselves, provided a judge
finds them competent. The court
ruled in 1984 that a trial judge can
appoint a lawyer to act as back-up
counsel for such defendants.
Africa, one of only about 10 people
representing themselves out of 12,000
defendants in the Philadelphia courts
in the past year, is not just an anoma
ly but an irony, Stevenson said.
The right to have a lawyer "is a
hard-won gain for criminal de
fendants," said Stevenson, a member
of the Defenders Association, a group
of about 120 lawyers who handle the
bulk of the city's criminal cases.
He said he lobbied to get the case,
because "I thought I could convince
Ms. Africa to let me try it." She has
done her own legal research, leaving
Stevenson "sitting there with my
mouth closed."
Assistant District Attorney Joseph
McGill said Africa has been a thor
ough questioner and well-prepared.
He said she has an advantage acting
as her own attorney because she can
testify through her questions, but not
have to face cross-examination.
"In most cases and most people it
would be unwise to represent your
self," McGill said. "In this case and
the way that she's operating, it can be
viewed as the primary way she can
get sympathy for her cause."
He said for defendants wanting to
use a trial as a political platform
and he includes Africa in that group
"it would be a very public, vocal
and visible platform."
Unlike Africa, some MOVE mem
bers have run afoul of court proce
dure and judges' patience while
acting as their own lawyers. .Senior
Judge Edwin Maimed ejected a de
fendant for making speeches during
cross-examination in a 1900 murder
trial.
students end two-year boycott of classes
These• Soweto students were back at school yesterday, as Blacks throughout South Africa returned to classes,' ending two years of periodic boycotts
who morally, intellectually and physically
show themselves capable of inspiring the
nation towards a hopeful future."
Sin noted in his homily that the National
Movement for. Free Elections and the election
commission were working towards resolving
their differences and said, "I think the de
mands of NAMFREL are good and should be
respected."
The organization is supported by prominent
business and civic groups and has also been
praised by U.S. officials. It claims credit for
reducing cheating in the May 1984 National
Assembly elections.
Sin did not elaborate on the group's de
mands, but Concepcion said in an interview
after the Mass that NAMFREL was calling
for the creation of special teams in areas
where fraud was likely to occur.
Marcos appeared before a huge rally on
troubled Mindanao island, the scene of a
growing communist insurgency and a de
cades-old Moslem,secessionist rebellion, and
told crowds in Zamboanga his administration
had done everything to help the poor.
Marcos announced the establishment of a
college, the improvement of another school
and the issuing of land titles. Marcos has
doled out millions of dollars worth of govern
ment benefits at his campaign rallies.
Aquino drew an estimated 150,000 people on
a day-long motorcade through Cavite prov
ince, just south of Manila.
In Manila, about 1,500 leftists called for an
election boycott, saying a clean election was
impossible under Marcos.
The Daily Collegian
Wednesday, Jan. 29, 1986
Scientology
founder dies
By CAROLYN SKORNECK
Associated Press Writer
LOS ANGELES L. Ron Hubbard,
the science fiction writer who fourid
ed the often-embattled Church of
Scientology three decades ago, has
died of a stroke, the church said
Monday night. He was 74.
Hubbard, who had not been seen in
public since 1980, died Friday at his
ranch near San Luis Obispo, 150 miles
northwest of Los Angeles, said Heber
Jentzsch, president of the Church of
Scientology International.
Hubbard's eldest son, Ronald E.
DeWolf, in a lawsuit filed in 1982, had
claimed that Hubbard was either
dead or mentally incompentent, but a
judge ruled Hubbard was alive.
Church officials said Hubbard's
ashes were scattered at sea after his
body was examined by the an Luis
Obispo county coroner's office.
Hubbard did not control the organi
zation and its corporations for the
past few years, said Jentzsch.
Scientology is based on Hubbard's
1948 book "Dianetics: The Modern
Science of Mental Health,"which has
sold millions of copies. Hubbard and
his third and surviving wife, Mary
Sue Hubbard, founded the church in
1954.
Through the use of a so-called E
meter, somewhat like a lie detector,
church members undergo exercises
and counseling to eliminate negative
mental images and achieve a "clear
state."
The wealthy church has claimed up
to 6 million members worldwide since
the height of the movement in the
19705. Defectors, however, have put
the number at closer to 2 million.
At its peak, the church reportedly
earned $lOO million a year.
The group has often been on the
defensive. In 1979, Mary Sue Hubbard
and 10 other Scientologists were con
victed of burglarizing and bugging
government agencies, which group
leaders claimed had harassed the
church for decades.
The following year, the IRS took the
group to federal Tax Court in Los
Angeles challenging its tax-exempt
status from 1970 through 1972, saying
the California branch of the church
owed $1.4 million in income taxes for
the period.
In 1984, the court decided against
the Church of Scientology, ordering
payment of back taxes and penalties.
DeWolf in his lawsuit sought to be
appointed trustee of his father's fi
nancial affairs, claiming that Sci
entology officials were mismanaging
Hubbard's estate.
A judge dismissed the probate case
in 1983 after the group presented a
letter, purportedly written by Hub
bard, saying he was in seclusion by
choice.
No autopsy was performed, in
accordance with Hubbard's will, said
Earle Cooley, the church's chief
counsel. He said the coroner's office
took blood samples and Hubbard's
fingerprints.
Hubbard left most of his estate to
Scientology, Cooley said.
Court documents filed in a civil
case against the church revealed that
the organization secretly teaches that
Earth was called Teegeeach 75 mil
lion years ago and was among 90
planets ruled by Xemu, who spread
his evil by thermonuclear bombs.
AP Laserpholo
state news briefs
More flocks hit with avian flu
HARRISBURG (AP) Two more chicken flocks in Pennsylva
nia will be destroyed as state officials try tb control an outbreak of
the deadly avian flu. Six flocks have been ordered killed this month.
State Agriculture Secretary Richard E. Grubb said yesterday a
flock of 121,000 chickens near Winfield, Snyder County, and a flock
of 10,700 chickens near Pitman, Schuylkill County, will be killed,
Both flocks had been quarantined for more than a week.
Although the flu situation is serious, Grubb said state officials
still hope they can contain the latest outbreak, which started
earlier this month.
In the 1983-84 outbreak, 16 million birds were destroyed in
Pennsylvania and another 1 million in New Jersey, Maryland and
Virginia. The flu does not harm humans, but is easily spread by
people to poultry.
"Our studies still indicate that the disease was reintroduced into
Pennsylvania from outside the commonwealth through unsanitary
cages and equipment," Grubb said. "We are attempting to locate
all possible areas where the virus could have been carried."
A poultry industry committee was formed Monday to advise the
department on avian flu control methods, the secretary said.
nation news briefs
Erie native charged with spying
WASHINGTON, D.C. (AP) An Air Force enlisted man who
worked with the aviation wing that operates super-secret SR-71 spy
planes has been arrested and charged with trying to pass intelli
gence information to the Soviet Union, officials said yesterday.
Airman Ist Class Bruce D. Ott, 25, of Erie, Pa., was arrested by
Air Force and FBI agents in Davis, Calif., on suspicion of at
tempted unauthorized release of national defense information, said
Capt. Joseph Saxon, the public information officer at Beale Air
Force Base, where Ott was assigned.
The spokesman said the arrest occurred on Jan. 22, and that Ott
was now in . pre-trial confinement at the base. He refused, however,
to discuss any further details of the case or say to which country Ott
was attempting to pass information.
But a number of military and government sources who de
manded anonymity said Ott had been singled out by federal
investigators after making an attempt to pass secret information to
the Soviet Union.
One source said Ott had been charged with attempting to pass
information "that concerned the SR-71." Another said he was
thought to have been operating alone and that the investigation
"was fairly recent," adding authorities think they arrested Ott
before any information actually changed hands.
Another government source said the FBI tagged Ott after he
allegedly made his first contact with the Soviets, apparently
through a phone call monitored through a wiretap.
The SR-71, unofficially known as the Blackbird, is a long-range
reconnaissance jet that can fly more than three times the speed of
sound at altitudes above 80,000 feet. The plane is routinely used by
the United States for classified intelligence-gathering missions.
According to Saxon, Ott was an administrative clerk in the
orderly room of the Ist Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron, which
is part of the 9th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing.
Air Force officials refused to disclose what type of security
clearance Ott held, but "even a junior enlisted guy working with
that wing has some kind of clearance," one source said.
Although Pentagon officials refused to discuss it, Ott could
conceivably face the death penalty if convicted of espionage under
the Uniform Code of Military Justice.
Ott attended Leßoeuf High School near Erie, Pa., relatives said,
where he was a well-liked honors student.
Congress urged to aid Savimbi
WASHINGTON, D.C. (AP) The Reagan administration urged
Congress yesterday to support rebels fighting the Cuban-backed
government of Angola, but cautioned there is "no possibility" of an
outright military victory for either side.
And conservative groups, who hailed the forces of guerrilla
leader Jonas Savimbi as "brave anti-communist freedom fight
ers," renewed their call for U.S. companies to close their opera
tions in the Afiican country.
Savimbi, arriving yesterday for a press agent-guided tour
including meetings with President Reagan and leaders of Con
gress, will be trying to drum up backing.for his military group,
UNITA, which is fighting a government aided by Cuban troops.
The administration has been vague in public about whether it
wants to send financial assistance to UNITA, though it reportedly
has asked the Senat Intelligence Committee for $lO million to $l5
million in covert assistance to be administered by the CIA.
Chester Crocker, assistant secretary of state for African affairs,
told reporters "we would clearly welcome an expression of support
from the congress for UNITA," but he would not say in what form
only that it be "effective and appropriate."
He said the Angolan authorities have tried to "deal a body blow"
to UNITA and "they have failed. It is important in our view that
they continue to fail."
At another news conference, Howard Phillips, chairman of the
Conservative Caucus, said 25 groups have joined a campaign to
force Chevron, the parent of Gulf Oil Co., to close its operations in
Angola.
Chevron should "end its alliance with the Soviet Union, stop
furnishing. fuel and revenues for the Soviet war machine," Phillips
said.
Crocker said the administration was taking no position on the call
for companies to pull out of Angola, but said "it's important that
our companies take into account what has taken place there."
world news briefs , , ,
American Indian activist wounded
SAN JOSE, Costa Rica (AP) American Indian activist Russell
Means was slightly wounded while traveling with Indian rebels
inside Nicaragua, a spokesman for the Misurasata rebel group said
yesterday.
Delano Martin, executive secretary , of the Nicaraguan Indian
guerrilla organization, said the Sandinista air force bombed a
rebel-held village inside Nicaragua on Saturday while Means and
other Indian activists were there.
He said the report was confirmed by a radio communication from
a free-lance journalist traveling with Means.
Martin said four civilians were killed and 15 wounded in the
aerial bombardment of Laya-Siska on the isolated Caribbean coast
of Nicaragua. He said Means suffered slight arm and leg wounds,
and remained in Nicaragua.
Others traveling with Misurasata leader Brooklyn Rivera were
Clem Chartier of Ottawa, Canada, president of the World Council of
Indigenous People; Hank Adams of Olympia, Wash., director of the
Survival of American Indians Association, and Bob Martin, a free
lance journalist from Albuquerque, N.M., the rebel spokesman
said. Only Means was reported injured.
Means had told reporters here that he would.visit the Nicaraguan
coastal region to assess conditions there.
Nicaraguan Indians have been fighting the leftist Sandinista
government for four years, resisting the application of government
policies in the remote region and seeking autonomy.
The report Martin sent out by radio said more than 30 rockets
were fired into the village, the Misurasata spokesman said.
A tribal council of Nicaraguan Indians held in Honduras last year
ordered Misurasata to join the larger rebel group' Misura in a new
organization called Kisan, which means Nicaraguan Coast Indian
Unity in the Miskito Indian language. Rivera refused.
Some Indian leaders say they want an independent state but
others feel an autonomy agreement with the Sandinistas is possi
ble.
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