f—The Daily Collegian Friday, Nov. 22, 1085
National study is tracking spread of AIDS
By KATHI DODSON
Collegian Science Writer
Throughout the country, 5,000 gay
men are participating in a study to
help researchers track the devel
opment of,AIDS to gain an under
standing of why some people develop
the disease and others do not, one
study leader said.
Robin Fox, director of the Johns
Hopkins University branch of the
study, said the research is sponsored
by the National Cancer Institute and
the National Institute of Allergies and
Infectious Diseases both part of the
National Institutes of Health.
Lawrence Kingsley, an epidemiolo
gist with the University of Pitts
burgh’s department of medicine who
leads the Pittsburgh branch of the
study, said researchers are looking at
factors that increase a person’s risk
of contracting acquired immune defi
ciency syndrome.
The study will a’lso examine how
the disease is transmitted, how AIDS
spreads through the population, how
the disease affects victims and people
around them and how society is cop
ing with the fear of AIDS, said Kings
ley, who heads the Pitt men’s study.
The NIII is collecting the final
information and disbursing it to re
searchers throughout the country,
Fox said.
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‘The time to interrupt transmission is now, while
the risk level is low.’
Lawrence Kingsley, University of Pittsburgh
epidemiologist.
The information is used by other
researchers to analyze specific
groups of individuals within the stu
dy, Fox said. One such group is men
who have been infected by the HTVL
III virus which has been linked to
AIDS since the study began.
Johns Hopkins, in Baltimore, calls
its phase of the study SHARE the
Study to Help the AIDS Research
Effort, she said.
The national study called the
Multicenter AIDS Cohorts Study
began in 1983. Researchers are sur
veying gay and bisexual men at four
centers: Pittsburgh, Johns-Hopkins,
the University of California at Los
Angeles and Northwestern Universi
ty in Chicago, Kingsley said.
The MACS study was founded by
the National Institute of Health to
study the iife cycle of HTVL-111 virus.
The HTVL-111 virus is only one factor
causing AIDS. The study focuses .on
why some people infected with the
HTVL-111 virus develop AIDS while
others do not, Fox said.
Fox said the four groups in the
study use the same interview ques
tionnaires and run very similar lab
tests. That enables the group to sur
vey about a thousand people in each
area and still have a total survey of
about 5,000 people.
Interviewers ask questions from a
standard questionnaire focusing on
the medical history, drug use, psy
chology and sexual practices of the
participants, she said.
The participants also receive a
physical examination and laborato
ries collect and freeze specimens
including blood and semen, Fox said.
If a man later develops HTVL-111
infection or AIDS, the specimens can
be analyzed to trace the development
of the virus, she said.
The specimens are also used by the
researchers to search for AIDS pre
cursors, she said.
Kingsley said gay men from Pitts
burgh, Ohio and northern West Vir
ginia are participating in the
Pittsburgh study.
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Kingsley said only 23 percent of the
men participating in the Pitt Men’s
Study are infected with the HTVL-111
virus, making Pittsburgh the lowest
risk area of the four centers. Los
Angeles has the highest percentage of
infected men with 55, Chicago has 45
percent and Baltimore has 30 per
cent.
“The time to interrupt transmis
sion is now, while the risk, level is
low,” Kingsley said, adding that
Pittsburgh has a low occurrence of
AIDS because it is not located near
the original high-risk areas New
York City and Los Angeles.
The disease has not yet “taken off”
in Pittsburgh, he said, adding that a
total of 50 AIDS cases have been
reported in Pittsburgh and 305 in
Pennsylvania.
Fox said Baltimore has seen a
recent increase in HTVL-111 infection
because many people from Washing
ton, D.C., are being included in the
study.
Kingsley said the first reported
AIDS cases occurred in the United
States in both New York and Los
Angeles in 1981. However, evidence
shows AIDS has been in Africa since
1981 and a type of monkey in Central
Africa suffers from an HTVL-111-like
virus, STVL-111.
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