2—The Daily Collegian Thursday, Sept. 12, 1985 „ u
Analysts save marriages, select juries
By LORI HELLER
Collegian Stall Writer
Analysts are in vogue today. People all over the
country are seeking analysts’ advice about every
thing from saving a marriage to selecting a jury.
Selecting a jury?
For most lawyers, jury selection can be the most
.important aspect of a trial, which is why in many -
civil and criminal cases, attorneys ask behavioral
scientists to help evaluate prospective jurors.
John De Lorean’s lawyer hired a jury analyst to
conduct a national opinion survey when the auto
manufacturer was tried on drug trafficking
charges last year
Bellefonte attorney Amos Goodall hired a State
College jury analyst to help him select a jury for a
criminal trial that presented a number of potential
prejudices.
Arthur H. Patterson, associate professor of
administration of justice at the University and
founder of Jury Analysts Inc., 218 Adams Ave.,
said he began his busipess to help lawyers better
understand jurors’ attitudes and personalities.
“Lawyers are trained in law, but they’re not
necessarily trained in psychology,” Patterson
said.
“We can tell lawyers what types of jurors are
most likely to acquit or convict for their type of
trial,” he said. “We give lawyers advice on how to
present their evidence to jurors most effectively.”
The scientific approach to jury selection is not
new, Patterson said. The concept began about 15
years ago and has recently become popular.
Patterson said he is usually only consulted on
trials involving affluent people and murders.
“The cases involving affluent people are ones
like bribery and income tax evasion," he said.
Vigil to support divestment
By VICTORIA PETTIES
Collegian Stalf Writer
A candlelight vigil at 8 tonight in
front of the gates on College Avenue
will commemorate the death of a
prominent black South African leader
and once again demand University
divestiture, the president of the Com
mittee for Justice in South Africa
said.
Katrina Scott said petitions urging
the University to discontinue finan
cial ties with South Africa will be
circulated throughout the day in pre
paration for the vigil.
The committee, in conjunction with
the South Africa committee of the
Central Pennsylvania Citizens for
Survival (CPCS), will also staff infor
mation tables at the gates from 10
a.m. until the start of the vigil, Scott
said.
The vigil will include seven
speeches on issues related to South
Africa and apartheid.
The petition drive and vigil coin
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the death of Steve Biko, a South
African political leader who was
killed in prison by the South African
Security Police. The vigil also will
honor other slain political leaders in
that country, Scott said.
Scott said she believes the Univer
sity should stop segregating its ethi
cal and financial concerns.
She added that her committee dis
agrees with the Undergraduate Stu
dent Government’s approach to the
South African issue. The USG infor
mation drive, a series of lectures on
apartheid by noted speakers, was
beneficial in educating students. But
the follow-up telephone poll of stu
dents’ views on South Africa serves
no purpose, Scott said.
The state of emergency in South
Africa is a manifestation of an ong
oing exploitation, Scott said, adding
that an education drive at the Univer
sity should also reflect this fact.
“We (the committee) will be work
ing throughout the year to educate
students," Scott said. Scott’s commit-
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“The stakes in the murder trials are so high that
people will spend the extra money on a consul
tant."
There are about six large jury consulting firms
nationwide and a few dozen smaller firms like
Jury Analysts Inc., but hundreds of individuals
serve as private consultants to lawyers, Patterson
said.
He said he believes social psychology is helpful
to lawyers because it attempts to make jury
selection more precise
Patterson’s research has shown lawyers often
incorrectly predict the jurors’ reaction to evi
dence.
“Several studies have shown that lawyers often
rely on stereotypes, their limited past experience
and other imprecise approaches to evaluate ju
rors,” he said. “As a result, they often eliminate
favorable jurors and select those who are biased
against their client ”
Patterson’s worly with a client begins long before
the jury is selected.
Before he or any other consultant can advise a
lawyer on what type of person would make a
favorable juror, research studies are compiled
and rcsear'ch polls are conducted by telephone. -
“We use a random sample of the potential jury
pool in the county where the trial is going to take
place,” Patterson said. “There are many legal
issues involved in doing this. We work closely with
the attorneys and we avoid polling anyone who
may be involved with the specific trial.”
Patterson said questions deal with demographic
characteristics, attitudes toward the judicial sys
tem and personality traits.
From these questions, Patterson said he com
pares the answers and attitudes of people polled
with the major issues of the trial. This comparison
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tee will also be working with the
Black Caucus and the CPCS on South
African issues.
Black Caucus will continue to par
ticipate in protests to present a united
front against the University’s stand
on divestment, Black Caucus Presi
dent Larry Patrick said.
He said he thinks the University
has a high level of involvement in
student protests compared to other
universities.
Five of the seven lecturers sched
uled to speak tonight will appear at
the gates. A candlelight march to the
steps of Old Main, where the last two
lecturers will speak, will follow, Scott
said.
Scott and Patrick will speak at the
vigil, along with CPCS member Rob
ert Allen. The other speakers will be
Donald Rallis, a white South African;
Zwelakhi Mtshepe, a black South
African; Jim Stewart, director of the
University’s Black Studies Program;
and Reverend Anne Aid of United
Ministries,
tells lawyers what type of people would best make
jurors, he said
For example, Patterson said several studies
indicate that authoritative people from large fami
lies and women with higher education are prone to
convict defendants.
This information helps lawyers prepare their
cases, Patterson said.
Lance Shotland, a University psychology profes
sor who works for Patterson, said the services,
they provide are reasonably effective for the
lawyers
“We don’t guarantee them success, but we
provide more feedback and suggestions that help
them produce beneficial results,” Shotland said.
Shotland said his psychology and law back
ground enables him to assist Patterson in evaluat
ing a prospective jury and in advising the lawyer
on how to present evidence effectively at the trial.
Goodall, one of the few Centre County attorneys
who has dealt with Jury Analysis Inc., said he was
pleased with the results of their work.
Although Goodall would not comment on the
case Patterson worked on for him, he said the
research done by Jury Analysts Inc. enabled him
to obtain a pool of 56 potential jurors.
Patterson said a small percentage of his clients
are from Centre County because fewer serious
crime trials occur here.
Is Patterson’s service only for the wealthy?
“No. We have a sliding scale fee system where
we do work for people for much less than what we
usually charge,” Patterson said. “We have
worked for low income people and we have, on
occasion, volunteered our time.”
The fees for Patterson’s services vary, depend
ing on the amount of time he and his colleagues
spend on a case, he said.
TIPS is just a phone call away
By GREGG BORTZ
Collegian Staff Writer
Help may be just a phone call away.
Telephone Information for Penn State, or TIPS,
offers more than 300 tape-recorded messages con
taining information on many topics including Universi
ty policies and procedure, housing, recreation and
various health concerns.
TIPS’s phone numbers are listed in the student and
faculty directories and the Bellefonte/State College
telephone book. The listing includes titles of messages
and corresponding numbers, which the caller must tell
the operator upon reaching the TIPS line. The operator
will then connect the listener with the message.
The listing also includes separate lines for a weather
forecast, a calendar of arts events and a University
calendar of events.
“There are about 150 to 160 academic tapes and also
about 150 student services recordings,” said Marlowe
Froke, director of the TIPS service. “TIPS offers a
wide range of information from personal self help to
detecting cancer.”
He said TIPS is divided into two major areas
academic and personal concerns.
Speakers discuss
women's career choices
By NANCY FUNK
Collegian Staff Writer
Women are more likely to make
career decisions based on the hap
piness of others than on their fu
ture goals, creating a barrier for
women hoping to advance in to-
male-dominated system,
said Sally Hattig, counselor for the
Career Development and Place
ment Center.
Hattig and graduate assistant
Paula Ann Pricken spoke yester
day at the Center for Women Stu
dents’ weekly brown bag lunch
series titled “Career Issues for
Women.”
Pricken said the system for ad
vancement is geared toward men
while most women work because
of economic need.
She added that according to a
U.S. Department of Labor study,
working women with four or more
years of college education have
about the same income as men
with one to three years of high
school education.
In addition, women make up 80
percent of clerical workers, 63
percent of retail sales workers, 62
percent of service workers, 45
percent of professional and techni
ss^
Robert Dudley, director of administrative services
working with TIPS, said stickers with TIPS numbers
have been placed in various learning centers such as
Pattee to “keep up some kind of visibility.”
He said there “used to be a TIPS brochure in every
freshman’s packet, but we no longer do that.”
Messages are recorded at the audio production
department of WPSX-TV in Wagner Building. David
Macarti, who is in charge of the recording process,
said while some information for messages has not
changed in years, information concerning health and
various college majors is updated yearly.
James Kelly of the Division of Undergraduate Stud
ies is in charge of Academic Information for TIPS. He
writes the scripts for most of the academic procedure
tapes, such as those for admission and registration, but
he said information concerning an individual major is
compiled by “people who are in charge of the actual
school.”
Dudley said, “Right now, usually an academic
person comes up with a concept and sometimes writes
the script.” 1
Froke said student service messages are compiled
by University staff members involved with a partic
ular concern.
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On the average, women receive
60 cents for every dollar men earn,
she added.
“We have to find ways to ad
dress this on a personal level be
cause people can always get
around policy on a governmental
level,” Pricken said.
Hattig added that women are
often overly critical of themselves
in career situations instead of the
organization they work for and its
role in dealing with women.
She added that the present sys
tem is not conducive to the mul
tiple roles such as wife, working
woman and mother women
have to juggle.
Women often lack confidence in
their abilities and believe they
must choose between a career and
a family, Pricken said. Socializa
tion causes women to feel guilty
about being interested in a career,
she added.
“We can’t tell you how to have a
dual family and career; there are
no easy answers,” Pricken said.
.“We struggle with this within our
lives and with other women.”
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Dean to sit on national board
By DAMON CHAPPIE
Collegian Stall Writer
Charles L. Hosier, University
vice president for research and
dean of the Graduate School, will
be nominated by President Reagan
to serve on the National Science
Board.
The 24-member board sets the
policy for the National Science
Foundation, which administers sci
entific programs and publications
and funds research.
If Hosier’s nomination is con
firmed by the U.S. Senate, he will
become the second University fac
ulty member to serve on the board.
Eric A. Walker, president emeritus
of the University, served as NSB
chairman from 1964 to 1966.
Hosier’s long-time association
with the University as a student
and a professor has been marked
with many accomplishments in
meteorology.
Hosier became head of the Uni
versity’s research programs and
the Graduate School in March after
serving as dean of the College of
Earth and Mineral Sciences since
1964.
Hosier holds bachelor’s, mas
ter’s and doctoral degrees in mete-
Haze not regarded as health hazard
By STEVE SNYDER
Collegian Science Writer
Although atmospheric inversions are common in State
College during fall and winter months, without heavy
industry in the area the health hazard is minimal,
University meteorology instructor Paul Knight said.
“This is truly Happy Valley” because of the lack of
heavy industry, State College “can’t get air pollution
episodes” caused by inversions, he said.
The “deck of haze” seen in State College during the
early morning hours is due to air mass inversions, Knight
said.
Fall and winter months are the peak season for inver
sions, he said.
When an inversion occurs, air masses close to the
ground become cooler than the upper air masses a
condition opposite to normal atmospheric conditions.
Inversions are most frequent in fall and winter months
because the Earth loses more heat than it gains but the
atmosphere remains relatively warm from the summer
months.
Because cooler air is already nearer the Earth during
an inversion, the normal tendency for cool air to sink is
nullified, creating a stable condition. Because there is no
natural “overturning” of air during an inversion, the air
circulates very little and pollutants begin to collect,
Knight said.
Happy Valley, because it is a valley, is particularly
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orology from the University. He
joined the faculty as a graduate
assistant in 1947 and was appointed
assistant professor of meteorology
in 1951. He became a professor in
1960 and headed the department of
meteorology from 1961 to 1965.
Hosier is a member of the Ameri
can Association for the Advance
ment of Science and the National
Academy of Engineering and is a
fellow and past president of the
American Meteorological Society.
He served as chairman of the
White House Briefing Group on
Atmospheric Sciences of the Na
tional Research Council from 1983
to 1985.
He is the U.S. representative on
the Executive Committee Panel of
Experts on Education and Training
of the World Meteorological Orga
nization and a member of the Envi
ronmental Effects, Transport and
Fate Committee of the Science
Advisory Board of the U.S. Envi
ronmental Protection Agency.
He also was a member of the
National Research Council Com
mission on Physical Sciences,
Mathematics and Resources, and
is chairman of the council’s Board
on Atmospheric Sciences and Cli
mate and a member of its Geophy-
susceptible to inversions, but no hazards have been
created in the area.
Other areas have not been so lucky.
An inversion in Donora, about 35 miles south of Pitts
burgh, lasted from Oct. 25 to 31 in 1947. Toxic fumes from
local smelting, wire and insulation factories collected in
the town for five days, Knight said.
“By noon on the 30th, you couldn’t see across the street.
The pollution was that thick,” Knight said, adding that
the inversion effects were directly linked to 20 deaths.
“An inversion occurs most every night in fall and
winter,” but lasts only six to 10 hours, Knight said.
Because inversions are so short, there is no danger, but
it is possible for an inversion to last a week, Knight said.
Still, there will be no serious health hazards should that
occur, he added.
The most serious inversions occur in the arctic region,
Knight said. In arctic cities such as Anchorage, Alaska,
inversions can persist for up to a month.
Charles L. Hosier
sics Research Forum,
He has given more than 1,000
invited lectures in the United
States and abroad and written
more than 80 articles. He has been
involved in research and consult
ing for several government agen
cies and private industries,
including the U.S. Air Force, Na
tional Science Foundation, NASA,
McDonnell Douglas and the Atomic
Energy Commission. He also
served as an adviser on meteorolo
gical matters to President Dwight
Eisenhower.
‘By noon on the 30th, you couldn’t
see across the street. The pollution
was that thick.’
—Paul Knight, University meteorology
instructor
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Rockathon
takes off
By COLBY STONG
Collegian Stall Writer
Beta Theta Pi fraternity mem
bers will kick off 54 consecutive
hours of rockin’ for charity today
as they present the 12th annual
Rockathon for Cystic Fibrosis.
Four fraternity members at a
time will rock in two large rock
ing chairs. One chair will be
placed at the intersection of Allen
Street and College Avenue at the
base of the Mall, the other at the
corner of Shortlidge Road and
College Avenue. They will begin
rocking at noon today and will
continue non-stop until 6 Satur
day night, said Rockathon Chair
man Paul Lepard.
The chair at Shortlidge Road
and College Avenue will be
moved to the Intramural Build
ing at 7 Saturday morning for the
football game against Temple
University, he said.
The fraternity’s 55 members
will rotate in one-hour shifts
throughout the three days. When
members are not in the chairs,
they will be canning to collect
donations from passersby.
Lepard said the fraternity
hopes to increase public aware
ness about cystic fibrosis.
Dan D. Lion of WQWK-FM will
broadcast live from 2 to 4 this
afternoon at the Mall base, said
the fraternity’s president, Chris
Atkinson.
Raffle tickets will be sold for $1
with a grand prize of a three
month membership to the Nauti
lus Human Performance Center,
134 E. Foster Ave.
Other prizes are: two $25 gift
certificates from Steven’s Jewel
ers, 218 S. Allen St., first prize;
dinner for two at The Gin
gerbread Man, 130 Hiester St.,
second prize; a one-hour hot tub
session at Nittany Hot Springs,
511 E. Calder Way, third prize;
and a’ workmate from Centre
Hardware Inc., 221 S. Allen St.,
fourth prize
Lepard said Beta Theta Pi has
raised more than $53,000 from the
Rockathon in the past 11 years.
Last year’s event raised about
$3,700.
Donations will be given to the
local chapter of the Cystic Fibro
sis Foundation, Lepard said.
Students can register
opinions through votes
By W.T. HOLLAND
Collegian Staff Writer
Students can have a direct and
positive impact in future State Col
lege Municipal Council decisions if
they register to vote in Centre Coun
ty, said the chairman of the Under
graduate Student Government’s
Voter Registration Drive.
“We want to emphasize that we can
have a direct, positive impact into
Borough Council decisions that have
an impact on students,” said Drive
Chairman Devin Malone. Students
may register at various locations on
campus until the drive ends Oct. 6.
A-booth, operated jointly by USG
and the Organization for Town Inde
pendent Students, will open tomorrow
in the HUB ground floor where
WQWK-FM will broadcast by a live
remote radio.
OTIS personnel will man the booth
on Mondays and USG senators will
take over on Thursdays from 11 a.m.
to 1 p.m. during lunch rush hours,
said OTIS Vice President Dona De-
Naro.
Malone said that six candidates will
run for three council positions this
November. Students who want to see
their views considered on Council
should register to vote for candidates
in this election, he added.
The last borough council election
saw Council President Mary Ann
Haas fill a seat with the 3,142 votes.
“The basic thrust is that 3,100 votes
is not a lot of votes,” Malone said.
DeNaro said that student input to
Council has been low in the past when
previous borough decisions were
made concerning issues like the rent
al licensing proposal and the noise
and open container ordinances.
“We’re really concerned to get
students registered in Centre County
because the more student input in
general, the better things will be for
students,” Denaro said. “That's all
our motivation; just getting involved
in the local government.”
Malone said several task groups
The Daily Collegian Thursday, Sept. 12,1985—3
are working to register new student
voters and account for already regis
tered voters.
USG senators will head registration
centers in the dining halls of North,
South, West, Center, and Polllock-
Nittany Halls.
East Halls will have two such cen
ters, Malone said.
Malone also pointed out that stu
dents who have previously registered
in Centre County must fill out a
separate form, of USG design, so
USG can tally how many students can
vote and how much political leverage
they will wield on election day.
He added that although USG regis
tered more students last year than on
any other university in the country,
as many as 2,000 locally-registered
students still need to update their
voter’s registration records with a
change of address.
“Our goal, basically, is to get as
many registered students in State
College, then to get an accurate
count,” Malone said.
To update the numbers, addresses
and student names, Malone said,
fraternities, sororities, and residence
halls will ask occupants to fill out the
update forms.
Academic Assembly will also be
asking the presidents of student coun
cils in various academic colleges to
participate in the registration drive,
Malone said.
Voter registration and update
forms will be given to student council
presidents, members of their respec
tive councils and heads of groups
such as professional fraternities and
associations, he said.
“It's a major trickle-down effect to
reach as many students as possible,”
Malone said. “There shouldn’t be
very many students that won’t be
contacted or somewhat involved.”
Although USG senators have taken
advantage of the South African Edu
cation Drive to register students,
Malone said he foresees the drive
gaining momentum in the next three
weeks.