.S. rejects World Court power in Nicaragua
By R. GREGORY NOKES
AP Diplomatic Writer
WASHINGTON The mining of
Nicaraguan waters and the Reagan
administration's decision to remove its
Central American policies from World /
Court jurisdiction provoked a furor in
Congress yesterday, as Nicaradua appealed
to the international community to halt U.S.
support for anti-government guerrillas.
Congressional Democratic leaders said
the latest turn of events in Nicaragua had
perhaps doomed the administration's
request for funds to finance undercover
operations against the leftist Sandinista
government in Nicaragua.
Even before Nicaragua petitioned the
International Court of Justice in The Hague
for assistance, the United States announced
it would not recognize the court's right to
rule in any cases involving Central America
for the next two years.
State Department spokesman John
Hughes indicated that the administration
did not want to have to answer questions
from the World Court about alleged U.S.
intelligence activities in Nicaragua. He said
Washington also did not want the court to be
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Crew will try again to fix crippled. satellite
By HARRY F. ROSENTHAL
Associated Press Writer
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. Short on
maneuvering fuel and given "a fighting chance"
but no guarantees, Challenger's orbiting
repairmen will try again today to tow the slowly
turning Solar Max satellite into the shuttle cargo
bay to be fixed.
Their gas for the rescue was low, so flight
controllers worked out a plan yesterday to get the
most out of what was left. They set up one engine
firing instead of a series and told commander
Robert L. Crippen: "The strategy behind the
burn is hopefully this will provide us with a free ,
ride."
When it left the launch pad Friday, Challenger
carried 1,488 pounds of nitrogen tetroxide and 930
pounds of hydrazine to power its small forward
steering jets. An 880,000-mile chase to rendezvous
with Solar Max and Sunday's failed attempt by
George Nelson to lock on to the crippled sun
watching satellite left the shuttle with only 22
percent of the fuel. NASA rules set 3 percent as
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turned into a "propaganda forum" by the
Nicaraguan.
House and Senate hearings into the
Nicaraguan situation were scheduled.
Seven House members introduced a
resolution demanding an immediate end to
the mining of Nicaraguan harbors, which
congressional sources say was carried out
by CIA agents. The State Department
refuses to comment on the ClA's reported
involvement.
Both developments were denounced by
the three Democratic presidential
candidates, and one of them the Rev
Jesse Jackson announced in Pittsburgh
he would lead a "peace delegation" to
Nicaragua later this month or in early May.
"Mining the harbor is close to an act of
war," Jackson said. "It's provocative or
dangerous. The situation in Central
Ameiica is deteriorating."
The House resolution, which would not
have the force of law but would only express
congressional sentiment, was introduced by
Rep. Thomas J. Downey, D-N.Y., who said,
"There is no better way to put resolve in the
Nicaraguan government than for the United
States to actively lay siege to the country."
Rep. Michael D. Barnes, D-Md.,
Kassa
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the minimum
Paradoxically, Nelson's effort to steady the
Solar Max on Sunday set it turning like a ball in
flight and raised fears it would be impossible to
control.
But NASA engineers, racing the clock in an all
out effort, beamed a barrage of computer
commands to stop Solar Max's gyrations. They
succeeded, and mission control told the
astronauts that the satellite was rolling in only
one direction at one-half degree a second in
other words, marking one complete turn every 12
minutes.
"We are in good shape and anticipate a good
shot at it tomorrow," said flight director Jay
Greene
The fuel shortage rules out any further attempt
by Nelson to fly out to the satellite. The shuttle
would not have enough gas to go to his rescue if
something went wrong.
Crippen and pilot Dick Scobee will draw
Challenger alongside the satellite, fly in
formation with it, and wait for a pin on Solar
Max's side to come within reach of the shuttle
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chairman of the House Foreign Affairs
subcommittee on Western Hemisphere
affairs, said he was "shocked that the
president shows so little respect for
international law."
Barnes said his subcommittee would hold
immediate hearings on what he called "this
shameful episode" regarding the World
Court.
Sen. Charles H. Percy, called a
closed meeting of the Foreign Relations
Committee today for a briefing on the
mining, the World Court action and reports
of a contingency plan for sending U.S.
troops into Central America. He said public
hearings may follow.
"I just don't know where the sensitivity is
in a case like that," he told James Michel,
deputy assistant secretary of state for
Western Hemisphefe affairs, who was
testifying on proposed U.S. aid to Central
America.
"I think we are all put in an
extraordinarily difficult position," Percy
said. "I will certainly expedite the hearing
on this, and I assume it will be a warm
hearing, to put it mildly."
Michel told the committee the United
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Photo by Dan Oteski
arm. At the right moment, astronaut Terry Hart
must guide the arm to snatch it and lift it into a
repair cradle in the cargo bay.
"It's going to be tight; we have no
guarantees," Greene said. "But if everything
works the way it does in the simulator, we have a
fighting chance."
Greene raised the possibility that the satellite
will be brought back to Earth for repair if
Challenger uses too much maneuvering fuel. A
different supply powers the shuttle's large orbital
engines, so the shortage has no effect on the
crew's ability to return home.
If the capture is successful, Greene said the
astronauts likely will extend their flight an extra
day, until Friday, repairing the satellite
tommorrow and checking it out from the ground
Thursday before it is released.
The satellite would cost $235 million to replace.
Crippen and his crew had hoped to try again to
rendezvous with the satellite yesterday, but the
radio commands succeeded in steadying Solar
Max so well that engineers had to start it
spinning slowly again.
America tunes in to the Oscars
By 808 THOMAS
Associated Press Writer
LOS ANGELES (AP) Jack
Nicholson, the pot-bellied,
womanizing ex-astronaut in
"Terms of Endearment," and
Linda Hunt, the idealistic male
dwarf photographer in "The Year
of Living Dangerously," won
Oscars as best supporting actor and
actress, while "Fanny &
Alexander" and "The Right Stuff"
made strong showings in early
awards last night
"Fanny & Alexander," which the
Swedish director Ingmar
Bergman says will be his last
movie, was honored as best foreign
film. Sven Nykvist won the best
cinematography award for his
work on the film, and the movie
also won for costume design and art
direction.
Nicholson, who won the best
actor award in 1975 for "One Flew
Over the Cuckoo's Nest," becomes
only the third actor to win in both
categories, joining Jack Lemmon
and Robert De Niro.
"Terms," the bittersweet story of
a mother-daughter relationship
through the years, had been
expected in advance to sweep the
top honors. Shirley MacLaine,
nominated four times previously
but never a winner, was favored as
best actress for her role as Debra
Winger's eccentric mother.
"The Right Stuff," the critically
praised box-office flop about
America's first astronauts, picked
up awards for best sound effects
editing, best film editing and best
sound. In the latter two categories
it was up against "Terms."
Comedian Johnny Carson was
back after a year's absence as host
for the 56th annual Academy
Awards ceremony, televised live
from the Dorothy Chandler
Pavilion to an estimated audience
of more than 500 million people
around the world
Carson drew a big laugh with a
reference to some quirky ABC
camera work an upside-down
shot of the glittering crowds
entering the auditorium. "As you
can see . . . people are literally
standing on their heads with
excitement," he cracked.
States had never previously moved to
exempt itself from World Court jurisdiction,
but that Canada, India, Britain and
Australia formerly had done so.
Nicaraguan Foreign Minister Miguel
d'Escoto told reporters at his country's
embassy here that the "contras," or anti
government guerrillas, had killed 1,300
Nicaraguans since the CIA-organized
insurgency began in late 1981.
D'Escoto said Nicaragua had brought its
complaint before the World Court because it
"seeks a complete and open examination of
the facts" and the chance to demonstrate
that U.S. support for the insurgency is "an
issue of force in clear violation of
international law."
• Coincidentally, President Reagan signed
a proclamation yesterday designating May
1 as Law Day in the United States and said
that "without law there can be no freedom."
The United States has taken cases to the
World Court in the past. The most notable
case in recent years was a complaint
against Iran for seizing American hostages
in 1979. The court ruled that Iran had
violated international law, but the hostages
were not released until January 1981.
Nicholson accepted his Oscar
with his usual offbeat humor,
congratulating the four other
contenders and producer-director
writerJames L. Brooks: "He did
everything for us on 'Terms of
Endearment' including writing 11
versions of this speech."
As his name was announced
among the nominees in the
audience, Nicholson, wearing dark
glasses, stuck out his tongue at the
TV camera.
Last year's top moneymaker,
"Return of the Jedi," was honored
for best visual effects.
"Sundae in New York" was voted
best animated short film, and
"Boys and Girls" was best action
short film.
The Academy of Motion Picture
Arts and Sciences, whose members
vote for the winners, reported that
only three of the acting nominees
sent regrets for the ceremonies:
actor-playwright Sam Shepard,
supporting-actor nominee for "The
Right Stuff"; Albert Finney, up for
best actor because of "The
Dresser"; and Tom Conti, nominee
as best actor for "Reuben,
Reuben."
"Yentl" won the Oscar for best
original song score.
Barbra Streisand, who was
snubbed by the academy's
nominating voters as star, director,
producer and co-writer of "Yentl,"
inside
A scarcity of higher education grants has pressured more students to
take out student loans Page 2
• At a school renowned for its party atmosphere, few people would notice
other students' drinking problems Page 5
• The sun shone for the baseball team yesterday in more ways than one.
Page 11
index
Classifieds
Comics
Opinion
Sports
State/nation/world
weather
Mostly sunny and pleasant today with a high of 59. Partly cloudy and cold
tonight with a low of 29. Continued mostly sunny tomorrow with a pleasant
high near 60 by Glenn Rolph
Tuesday, April 10, 1984
Vol. 84, No. 156 18 pages University Park, Pa. 16802
Published by students of The Pennsylvania State University
©1984 Collegian Inc. ,
`I think we are all put in an
extraordinarily difficult
position. I will certainly
expedite the hearing on
this, and I assume it will
be a warm hearing, to put
it mildly.'
—Sen. Charles H. Percy, R-111
- The administration's latest move was
interpreted by critics as an admission that
its case for supporting that guerrillas
fighting Nicaragua's leftist Sandinista
government was weak and that it feared an ,
adverse World Court ruling.
Former Vice President Walter F.
Mondale, campaigning for the Democratic
presidential nomination, said of the
administration's action: "I think it's a
mistake, and I think it will cost us
substantially in terms of the moral
authoiity we need to conduct an effective
foreign policy."
1 "
MEE
Jack Nicholson
was not present to sing the songs
nominated from the movie. She was
touring the Mideast and Europe to
open her film.
All of the best-actress nominees
agreed to attend: Jane Alexander,
"Testament"; Miss MacLaine and
Debra Winger, "Terms of
Endearment"; Meryl Streep,
"Silkwood," and Julie Walters,
"Educating Rita."
Also these best-actor nominees:
Michael Caine, "Educating Rita";
Tom Courtenay, "The Dresser";
Robert Duvall, "Tender Mercies."
Nine of the nominees for
supporting performance were
expected to be in the audience and
three of the directorial candidates.
Following is a partial list of win
ners.
PICTURE: "Terms of Endear
ment."
ACTOR: Robert Duvall, "Tender
Mercies."
ACTRESS: Shirley MacLaine,
"Terms of Endearment."
SUPPORTING ACTOR: Jack
Nicholson, "Terms of Endear
ment."
SUPPORTING ACTRESS: Linda
Hunt, "The Year of Living Danger
ously."
DIRECTOR: James L. Brooks,
"Terms of Endearment."
FILM EDITING: "The Right
Stuff."
•
•
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AP Laserphoto
SOUND: "The Right Stuff."