10—The Daily Collegian Monday, March 29, 1982
'rof's shuttle experiment part of nationwide effort
Continued from Page 1
highly charged particles from ones of
lesser charge. However, on Earth this
process encounters difficulties due to
sedimentation and convection, Todd
said.
Sedimentation is the downward
movement of suspended particles due to
gravity. Convection is another gravity
driven phenomenon. , When heated a
warmed fluid rises, and the cooler denser
fluid is drawn toward the Earth (by
gravity).
"We can correct for these problems
just so much," Todd said. "It's hard to
keep cells in suspension because they
tend to settle."
Todd said that applying an electrical
field to a column of fluid is analogous to
turning on a televison set. The television
feels warm, he said, because of heat
produced by resistance. The electric
current produces hdat in the fluid column
in a similar manner because of resis
tance. The warmed fluid becomes less
dense, and convection results.
Without gravity, neither of those prob
lems can occur.
Experiments aboard Apollo-Soyuz in
1975 showed that the zero gravity of
space could enhance separation by elec
trophoresis. The experiment aboard the
shuttle, called the Electrophoresis
Equipment Verification Test (EEVT)
will determine exactly how much better
the separation can be.
"In terms of how it (zero gravity)
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Modifies the earth-based process," Todd
explained, "it means that you can use
larger containers to do these purifica
tions because you don't have to cool them
(to prevent convection)."
Todd said the separation of cells would
be five times as great, and that the
number of cells involved could increase
15 times because of the lack of any need.
to cool the apparatus.
"So already the experiment theyrre
doing today is in concept a 150-fold im
provement over what we're doing here in
our lab," he said.
This particular biological system was
chosen for study, Todd said, because it
ultimately has practical application.
Blood clots can sometimes move
around the body and reach critical sites
such as the heart, where they can be
fatal.
The cells, prepared and frozen in Hous
ton, went into the shuttle 40 hours before
the launch and remained frozen until the
astronauts activated the experiment.
Upon completion of each part, the cells
will be re-frozen for analysis on Earth.
"They did most of our work early
because of other difficulties the toilet
wasn't working, they didn't feel good, the
hydrolic system was misbehaving and
.the heat shield was coming off," Todd
said.
"It's much easier (than other experi
ments) for them to do because it doesn't
require precise hand-eye coordination on
the part of the astronauts, and it doesn't
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'So already the experiment they're doing today is
in concept . a 150-fold improvement over what
we're doing here in our lab.'
require the operation of sophisticated
feedback equipment."
Each part of the experiment in space is
about an hour long, compared to two
hours on Earth. An automatic camera
took pictures of apparatus and dials
every minute, and occasionally the astro
nauts were asked to give voice downs, or
actual voice descriptions of the experi
mental data, to Mission Control in Hous
ton. Todd has been in constant contact
with Mission Control and some of the
other researchers involved as well:
The project is a collaboration of re
search teams across the country. In
addition to the University group, in
volved in this experiment are scientists
from the Marshall Space Flight Center,
McDonnell Douglas Corporation, Mi
chael Reese Institute and Lehigh Univer
sity.
After the flight, the glass columns
containing the frozen separated cells will
be taken to Houston. There they will be
divided among University scientists,
said Grant H. Barlow, a specialist in
urokinase at Michael Reese Institute in
—Paul W. Todd, University biophysicist
Chicago, and Principal Investigator Den
nis Morrison at Johnson Space Flight
Center.
"In a short time Grant Barlow and I
will go to Houston and the frozen cells
will be thawed out and placed in culture,
and which cultures that contain the uro
kinase-producing cells will be deter
mined," Todd said.
Todd explained that the first set of
samples will be evaluated in Houston.
"Some of the other samples will come
to our lab, the idea being it'll be a
verification of what is found in Houston,"
he said.
"More importantly, we'll be adding
some of the techniques we're capable of
using to find out more detailed informa
tion about each fraction of cells that was
sliced out of the frozen columns."
Essentially the scientists will count the
cells, measure their size and viability,
grow them to see if they are producing
the correct product and measure the
amount of urokinase production.
Working with human kidney cells for
about 2 1 / 2 years, Todd said his lab's role
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has been many fold: to help determine by
experiments the choice of buffer going
into the glass columns; the choice of cells
used for study; the choice of medium in
which to grow the cells; and the choice of
methods of analyzing the cells pref
light and postflight for products.
Another job of the researchers is to
make predictions of the experimental
results.
"You don't do a scientific experiment
with all unknowns," , Todd said. "You
have to have positive and negative con
trols."
Todd explained that of the eight colum
ns of cells in the experiment, two have
human and rabbit red blood cells togeth
er as test particles. These cells, he said,
are very easy to separate.
"We already know what the mobilities
should be with the rabbit and human
cells," said senior research technologist
Elaine Kunze.
"If those particles are working prop
erly, then we can take cells that are
unknown, such as the human kidney
cells, and be sure at least that the appa
ratus is working, and that the buffers we
put in are working properly,"' she said.
Those controls were performed before
and during the space shuttle flight.
Lindsay D. Plank, a postdoctoral work
er from Hastings, New Zealand, has
devised a way to mathematically predict
what should happen by using parameters
of cell mobility.
"Using the numbers I've come up with
I can then apply those numbers and put
them into mathematical equations for
the operation of the columns here, and
similar ones in space, and come up with
predictions of migrations of bands of
cells,"•Plank said.
"We get quite good agreement of the
theoretical numbers and physical data
from those columns," he said.
The researchers have decided to
spread out the process of investigation
over several months.
"We're going to take one column of
cells at a time, complete the analyses of
those cells, then go on to another one,"
Todd said.
"We'll be at a point in which there will
be nothing more to learn, and ready to
state our conclusions probably by
Christmas," he said.
The University scientists will continue
to be involved in similar projects for
quite some time. They , will continue to
provide biological materials for future
shuttle flights for McDonnell Douglas
Aerospace Corporation, which has
funded the project 100 percent.
Engineers and technologists there.,
have been developing a type of apparatus
which employs a process called free flow
electrophoresis. The cells flow one way,
similar to a waterfall, and the electric
field sweeps cells out sideways as they
flow by. Urokinase production could be
increased as much as 400 fold, Todd said. f
"Our job is very far from over," Todd
said.
sports
Georgetown, North Carolina
to clash for NCAA hoop title
By JOHN NELSON
AP Sports Writer
NEW ORLEANS (AP) James. Worthy of
North Carolina and Eric "Sleepy" Floyd of
Georgetown•renew an old rivalry tonight when
their teams do battle for the national collegiate
basketball championship.
"I've known Eric since seventh grade,"
Georgetowh coach John Thompson's sixth•ranked team is ready to battle No. 1 North Carolina in
the finals of the NCAA championships at the Superdome in New Orleans, at 9:15 p.m. tonight...
By TONY SMITH
Collegian Sports Writer
At first, it looked like an instant
replay of what had happened two
weeks earlier in Muncie, Ind.
At Muncie, the men's volleyball
team had a difficult time against Ohio
State, losing three out of four games.
And the prospects did not look encour
aging Saturday night when the two
teams met for a rematch, with the
Lions getting slaughtered in the first
game.
"Oh no, not again!"
Well, it didn't happen again. The
fourth-ranked Lions (25-2) battled
back to defeat the seventh-ranked
Buckeyes (24-5) in impressive fashion,
6-15, 15-6, 15-11, 16-14.
The match was excellently played by
both-teams, although Penn State ap
peared to be the stronger of the two
and may have proved to most of the
fans at Rec Hall that they deserve to be
ranked fourth in the country, if not
higher.
Nevertheless, while the victory was
a rather convincing one, the match
was marred by controversy over an
official's call at the end of the third
game of the match, in which the Lions,
who were serving at the time, were
leading, 14-11.
A spike by the Buckeyes' Michael
Hill, which would have resulted in a
side-out to Ohio State, was disallowed
when Hill was called for a line viola
tion, his foot apparently landing on the
other side of the net before the ball hit
the ground.
"It's impossible!" Ohio State coach
Jim Smoot said when the ruling was
made. "There is no way in the world
that could have happened!"
So, instead of a side-out to Ohio
State, the point (and the game as well)
went to Penn State (15-11).
After the match, Smoot did not want
to talk much about the call itself, but
said he was not satisfied with the
officiating in general.
"I was satisfied with the umpire
(Russ Rose) and the linesmen; I guess
I should say linespersons, since they
were girls," Smoot laughed. "And
that's about it."
Rose explained that it was his job to
rule whether a line violation had been
kers down Ohio State in rematch
But victory marred by official's controversial call
Worthy said. "We went to the same church, and
we sat together. We never thbught we'd be
playing against each other for the national
championship, though."
Worthy, a junior, and Floyd, a senior, each
represents a crucial part of his team's chances
tonight. They grew up about two miles from
each other in Gastonia, N.C. Worthy attended
Ashbrook High School; Floyd went to Hunter
made, while the other official (Don
Kruger) was to judge whether the ball
hit the floor before the violation was
made.
"I don't know," Penn State head
coach Tom Tait said when asked if he
thought the ball hit the floor first. "It
was a call I'm glad I didn't have to
make."
Indeed, even when watching a video
taped replay of what happened . (in
slow motion) after the match, it was
not easy to tell whether the ball hit the
floor before or after Hill crossed the
line.
Nevertheless, Smoot said he felt the
call was a turning point in the match.
Perhaps. But the term "potential turn
ing point" seems to be a more accurate
'term to use.
Penn State had already seized the
momentum of the match by winning
the second game of the match and
taking a 14-11 lead in the third game.
If anything, the call simply prevent
ed the Buckeyes from getting the op
portunity to shift the momentum back
in their favor.
At any rate, the win almost ensures
that the winner of the Eastern Colle
giate. Volleyball League
Championships next month (most like
ly Penn State or No. 9 Rutgers-New
ark) will receive at least the No. 3 seed
in the Final Four (NCAA
Championship) tournament, which
will be held in Rec Hall May 7-8.
Meanwhile, the Midwest representa
tive probably Ohio State or Ball
State is expected to receive the NO. 4
seed, since California teams usually
take up the No. 1 and 2 seeds.
Tait said he was extremely happy
with his team's showing, although the
first game was a disappointment be
cause of a strategy which turned out to
be ineffective.
"The matchup we had involved our
left-side blockers, Harpo (Mike
Guyon) and J.J. (Jeff Johnson)," Tait
said."l thought I knew which one I
wanted on (Ohio State's Craig) Sher
man, but it didn't work out."
Initially, Tait had Guyon on Sher
man, who competed on the 1980 Nation
al Junior Olympic team•with Lion co-•
captains Mark Kraynik and Bruce
Van Horn.
Huss, eight miles away.
"They beat us four times one year," Floyd
said of Worthy's high school. "Once in a holiday
tournament, again in another tournament and
twice in the regular season.
"We wound up in different brackets in the
state championships, though, and we played for
the state title. We beat them with a shot at the
last second," Floyd recalled.
The shot, Floyd remembered, was not his, but
he would like to change that tonight when sixth
ranked Georgetown meets No. 1 North Carolina
in the Louisiana Superdome before what could
well be another National Collegiate Athletic
Association record crowd and a national tele
vision audience on CBS. Tipoff is scheduled for
9:12 p.m. EST.
An all-time NCAA basketball attendance re
cord was set Saturday during the semifinals
when 61,612 fans witnessed the North Carolina
and Georgetown triumphs. The Tar Heels de
feated unranked Houston 68-63, and Georgetown
beat No. 20 Louisville 50-46.
Worthy and Floyd, who was overlooked by
North Carolina when he was recruited four
years ago, have kept their friendship alive by
seeing each other during the summer. They will
have to join their coaches in setting aside
personal feelings tonight.
North Carolina coach Dean Smith and
Georgetown's John Thompson have been bud
dies since Smith began recruiting players from
St. Anthony's High School in Washington, D.C.,
where Thompson was head coach for six years.
' "We'll play as well as we can that is our
goal and our friendship won't affect that," ,
Smith said. "We'll probably sit down some day
and talk about this."
"Once in a while I hear coaches say, 'I won
something.' But that's silly," Smith added.
"The pronoun should be 'we' or even 'they.'
They're the ones that play the game."
He pointed toward Worthy and guard Jimmy
Black, who shared the stage with Smith at
Sunday's news conference.
Smith's players feel they have a lot at stake in
this game, particularly in trying to take the
pressure off Smith, who has taken six previous
teams to the Final Four without a national
championship.
The Black-on-Floyd matchup could play as
important a role in the championship game as
the more publicized battle between Georgetown
freshman Pat Ewing and North Carolina's big
men, Worthy and Sam Perkins.
In the Tar Heels' semifinal victory, Black saw
most of the man-to-man defensive duty on
Houston's Rob Williams, who was held to just
two free throws. Williams, who came into the
game averaging 21.8 points, was 0-for-8 from
the field.
AP Laserphoto
Men's volleyball players Bruce Van Horn (left), Mark Kraynik (center) and Jeff
Johnson jump in unison to block an Ohio State's player attempt to spike, Saturday
night in Rec Hall. The fourth-ranked Lions overcame the seventh-ranked Buckeyes
to win 6.15, 15.6, 15.11, 16.14.
Guyon had a rough time, so in the The Lions also succeeded in neutral
second game Tait put Johnson on Sher- izing OSU's,Dave Jandasek, who com
man and assigned Guyon to block in a peted in the 1981 National Sports
spot where Ohio State had three hit- Festival with Johnson, Kraynik and
ters. Van Horn.
This strategy paid off. Johnson did "We blocked him well," Tait said.
an effective job on Sherman, and "Dave is a streak player; when he is
Guyon's performance also seemed to not blocked effectively, he can be dan
improve. gerous."
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...while North Carolina's Dean Smith Is ready, too. Smith is ready to win his first national
championship as a coach in seven trips to the Final Four.
Floyd, a 6-3 All-American guard, averaged
16.8 points per game for Georgetown, although
he had only 13 against Louisville after hitting
only, 3-of-11 from the field.
"Jimmy Black will see some of Sleepy Floyd
tomorrow," Smith said. "We're concerned that
Floyd will come out firing because he didn't
have a good shooting percentage in the semifi
nals."
Floyd downplayed his importance to the
Georgetown offense.
"Louisville played very-good defense against
us," Floyd said. "They were tenacious. They
were all over us. Every shot I took was a tough
shot because I had a hand in my face. Anyway, I
don't have to score a lot for us to win. We play
team offense."
A key to that team offense is Ewing, George
town's 7-foot center. Thompson feels that
Georgetown's defense creates a lot of its of
fense, and in that area, certainly, Ewing is the
key.
Photo by Mlcah arabenstein
,41 * N,
Lady Lion gymnasts
3rd at NCAA finals
By KEITH GROLLER
Collegian Sports Writer
After all the injuries and other prob
lems that the women's gymnastics
team has encountered this season, its
chances of finis Ling third in the team
competition of the NCAA
championships saemed to be about as
good as J.R. Ewing has of beating
Georgetown's Patrick Ewing in a one
on-one basketbal contest.
But to the sury. rise of everyone but
themselves, the Lacy Lions did just
that Friday nigh: in Utah, scoring a
143.10 to finish behind the powerful
top-seed Utah and Cal State-Ful-
lerton.
Defending floor exercise champion,
sophomore Heidi Anderson, failed to
repeat in that event, finishing second,
and wound up tied for third in the all
around. Still, the meet was a dream
come true for Penn State.
"Before we left, we all made predic
tions and most picked us to finish
third i " captain Marcy Levine said.
"We were all dreaming a little bit, but
we all knew that in our hearts, it was
possible."
In other years, a third-place finish
might've been a major disappoint
ment. But in the 1981-82 season, third
is nothing short of incredible.
Penn State started the year with
just six healthy gymnasts. Then, In
early January, two of those gymnasts;
Joanna Sime and Linda Tardiff, were
sidelined with injuries. Through the
heart of a schedule that made the
football team's look easy, the Lady
Lions had just four gymnasts. Still,
they kept on winning, until fatigue and
the heavy competition caught up with
them on a long West Coast swing when
UCLA, Utah, and Oregon State defeat
ed them.
Penn State won the NCAA North
east Regional title (no big deal, since
the West has all of the top teams) and
was seeded a low (for Penn State)
ninth. The ninth-seed put them in the Anderson's total of 36.85 tied her with
first rotation, which was thought to be Oregon State's Mary Ayotte-Law in
a minus for the team, since scores third place.. It was Ayotte-Law who
tend to rise later in the night. dethroned Anderson as floor exercise
So, the Lady Lions flew into Utah as champ with the Lady Lion finishing
a dark, dark, darkhorse. It worked to second. Anderson also finished third
their advantage. ' in the uneven bar finals.
The Daily Collegian
"He jumps well and he's got great quick
ness," Worthy said of Ewing. "We'll stick to our
basic man-to-man defense and try to help each
other out, but we have to stay with what we do
best."
Although Worthy said he had not seen tapes of
Georgetown, he and •Perkins, both 6-9, will
become well acquainted with Ewing in the final.
Ewing had only eight points against Louis
ville, but he grabbed 10 rebounds and was an
intimidating presence under the basket. His
real value is his ability to change an opponent's
offensive philosophy.
"We'll be conscious of him," Black said. "It's
hard to throw the ball over a 7-footer, but we'll
try to stick with our regular offense."
Part of that regular offense is the four-corner
delay that Smith pioneered. The Tar Heels used
it for the last seven minutes of the Houston
game, and Smith said he wouldn't hesitate to
use it against Georgetown if the opportunity
arose.
"Us being seeded so low, took much
of the pressure off," said Joanne
Beltz, who was a member of the team
that won the national title two years
ago.
It was the Lady Bruins who marked
the low point of Penn State's season
with an upset win March 4, and it was
the same team that pushed the Lady
Lions to their highest point Friday.
UCLA happened to be in the first
rotation with the Lady Lions. Just
where Penn State wanted them.
"We really wanted to get back at
UCLA," Levine said. "We wanted to
prove that we truly were the better
team."
The Lady Lions did just that with
solid performances on both the un
even bars and the beam. With Ander
son hitting a 9.35 and Levine an 8.95 on
the bars, Penn State held a slim
107.20-106.20 into the final events,
beam for the Lady Lions and floor
exercise for the Lady Bruins. The
exact same situation that occurred
when,UCLA stunned Penn State.
Despite a fall during a back aerial,
Anderson recorded a 9.15, Levine a
9.10, Tardiff a 9.00 and Beltz contrib-
uted an 8.65. Viola! Penn State had
beaten UCLA and had nothing to do
the rest of the night, but sit back in the
stands and watch the rest of the teams
go to work in the second rotation.
"We were sitting in the stands on
pins and needles, just figuring out all
of the scores," Beltz explained. "We
knew what everybody needed to get
and when it was all done, we couldn't
believe that we were actually third.
As it turned out, the only team that
the Lady Lions fell way short of was
mighty-Utah. The Utes seem to have
more quality gymnasts than the Mor
mon Tabernacle Choir has singers.
One of the many in a long Utah line of
talents, freshman Sue Stednitz, won
the all-around with a 37.20 total. Kris
ta Canary from, you got it, Utah, was
second with a 37.10. •
nday, March 29
AP Laserphoto