Soviet attack in Poland
not imminent, U.S. says
By GEORGE GEDDA
Associated Press Writer
WASHINGTON (AP) The State De
partment said yesterday that Soviet mili
tary activities in and around Poland
violate an international agreement but
added it does not believe Soviet interven
tion in that country is imminent.
While stressing the administration's
continued "serious concern" over the
:situation, State Department spokesman
William Dyess suggested the level of
alarm here about the prospects for a
Soviet attack has diminished since the
'weekend.
"We do not believe Soviet intervention
is likely in the immediate future," Dyess
said. On Friday, Dyess and other spokes
man had indicated that a Soviet attack
could come at any time.
Speaking to reporters yesterday,
Dyess accused the Soviets of violating
Helsinki agreement provisions which
prohibit member countries from threat
ening armed intervention.
He also said it "certainly would have
helped to reduce tensions" if the Soviets
had given prior notification of their mili
tary activities in and around Poland.
The Helsinki agreement also requires
each member to give formal notification
of any military activities involving more
than 25,000 troops. Dyess said the admin
istration has not reached a conclusion as
to whether the Soviets have violated this
provision.
Answers available to SATs
By JOE GRACE
Daily Collegian Staff Writer
High school students may now obtain the ques
tions, answers and a copy of their answers to the
Scholastic Aptitude Test, the College Board an
nounced last Tuesday in New York. City.
The announcertient was welcometiby legislators
throughout the country who broptised "truth-in-test
ing" bills in 24 states last year. A bill is also pending
in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Although the board's decision affects only high
school students, various pending truth-in-testing
bills contain provisions for the release of test
information for most college-level standardized
tests, including tests for graduate and law schools.
The decision temporarily quells the controversy
surrounding truth-in-testing legislation.
Proponents of test disclosure have argued for the
fundamental right of students to know how they
fared on tests, while the board and other testing
agencies have pointed to the increase costs and test
fees which would accompany disclosure of all test.
Despite the board's latest concession to legis
lative and public opinion, the issue appears far from
resolved.
Many legislators, including state Sen. James R.
Kelley, D-Westmoreland County, who sponsors a
truth-in-testing bill for Pennsylvania, have said
they will not abandon their efforts to make truth-in
testing a statutory right.
"Certainly, I'm pleased by the board's action,
but I'm not so sure we shouldn't still proceed with
our efforts to make it (truth-in-testing) law," Kelley
said. "Sometimes a statement of policy becomes
public relations, a. compromise of the original
statement.
"I'll be studying the repercussions of this new
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Speaking out
Clinical psychologist JoAnn Farr discussed sexual harassment last night at a speech sponsored by Homophiles of Penn State. See story on Page 20
W 202 -PATTEE
The agreement was signed by 35 coun
tries in 1975. Its aim is to promote peace
and cooperation among the NATO and
Warsaw Pact countries and the neutral
nations of Europe as well.
Although "Dyess said the administra
tion is not sure what Soviet intentions
are, "there is no evidence that a decision
to intervene has been made."
He suggested that the Soviet activities
may be aimed at intimidating the Polish
government and people to remain faith
ful to Moscow.
Other officials have said previously
that the Soviets have been able on occa
sion to achieve political objectives by
projecting their military power without
actually using it.
The officials have said the growing
sentiment in Western Europe in favor of
unilateral disarmament is partially at
tributable to fear of a Soviet attack'.
At the White House, deputy press sec
retary Larry Speakes said it is clear that
the "Soviets are prepared to intervene if
they decide to do so." In that event, he
said, "there are a number of diplomatic,
political and economic" options under
consideration. He refused to elaborate.
Speakes also responded to allegations
by Senate minority leader Robert Byrd,
D-W.Va., and others that it may have
been imprudent for both Secretary of
State Alexander M. Haig Jr. and Defense
Secretary Caspar Weinberger to be out of
the country at the time of a prospective
4 7, CON. 1.-
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policy very carefully, both nationally and as far as
it affects the one existing state law in New York."
Kelley's bill would require testing agencies, such
as the Educational Testing Service, to provide
students with their individual answer sheet, a copy
of the correct answer sheet and a copy of the actual
test.
His bill would apply to the Preliminary Scholas
tic Aptitude Test, the SAT, the Medical College
Admissions Test and the Law School Admissions
Test, among others. It would not apply to special
ized tests such as the Graduate Record Examina
tion advanced tests.
The board's decision to release results of the SAT
to all students requesting the information marks the
second concession made to truth-in-testing advo
cates since last fall.
Since September 1980, students taking the PSAT
have been receiving a copy of the test and answers
with their score.
Two recent incidents of high school students
discovering an incorrect answer in both a PSAT and
an SAT test received national attention, and propo
nents of truth-in-testing laws pointed to them as
proof of the need for test disclosure.
However, the board's decision to change its
policy was not significantly influenced by the occur
rences, College Board spokeswoman Barrie Kelly
explained.
"It was definitely not a spontaneous decision
spurred by the two incidents," Kelly said. "Certain
ly, they were a contributing factor. The board was
concerned about a loss of public confidence in the
validity'of standardized tests and the students who
questioned our answers were correct.
"But they were not the significant factor in the
decision," Kelly said. "The board watched the
crisis in Poland
Haig is visiting a number of Middle
East and European countries while
Weinberger is in Europe for consulta
tions with other NATO defense ministers.
Haig indicated he did not believe Soviet
intervention was imminent, although he
described the Soviet threat as increas
ingly ominous,
In Britain, Weinberger said the recent
buildup of Soviet military forces inside
Poland amounted to an "invasion by
osmosis" that has the same effect as an
outright invasion in intimidating the
Poles.
An adviser to Solidarity counseled the
independent labor union yesterday to
follow a no-strike strategy in order to
avoid provoking Soviet intervention in
this troubled country.
The adviser, lawyer Jan Olszewski,
said only outside interference could
block the move toward reform within the
Polish Communist Party.
Olszewski said the beating of unionists
by police in the town of Bydgoszcz on
March 19 had been intended to provoke a
general strike, which in turn would invite
a Soviet intervention.
Polish Deputy Premier Mieczyslaw
Rakowski, in France, was quoted as
saying in an interview with the Paris
newspaper Figaro that "the Soviet Union
is the last country which would want to
intervene in Poland."
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response to the New York law very carefully. They
discovered that only 5 percent of the students taking
standardized tests requested the available informa
tion. It became obvious to the board that we could
handle thpt
n type of response.
Kelly emphasized., that though the board was
conceding the usefulness of truth-inictiting policy,
it was not supporting truth-in-testidilegislation.
"The College Board opposes legislation and will
continue to oppose governmental regulatory efforts
of any kind," Kelly said.
Mary Churcbill, spokeswoman for the Educatio
nal Testing Service, which administers the SAT,
LSAT and GRE, among others, echoed Kelly's
comments.
"The pressure for disclosure came not from the
legislators, but from the people," Churchill said.
"People just want to see their results we don't
think most people really want the government to get
involved. Overall, we think the board's decision was
a very good idea."
However, Kelley thought the nationwide legis
lative effort had a substantial influence on the
board's decision.
"Since they were threatened with a legal testing
disclosure system, this is the result," Kelley said.
State Rep. Mark B. Cohen, D-Philadelphia Coun
ty, sponsor of a truth-in-testing bill in the state
House, said the board's decision was clearly a
concession.
"The board was spending so much money lobby
ing against these bills, it just became too expensive
to resist them," Cohen said. "Clearly, what the
board has done strengthens the chances for passage
of my bill and others like it throughout the country.
"ETS and the College Board have moved very
close to what we want."
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The State Department said the Soviets are militarily ready and able to invade Poland, although such an invasion is not
imminent, a spokesman said. The chart above shows the positions of Soviet and Warsaw pact troops around the Polish
borders.
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IV4I
Law could require
change
education
By DIANNE GARYANTES
Daily Collegian Staff Writer
Educations majors may be required to
go to college for a fifth year before being
certified as teachers in Pennsylvania,
the dean of the College of Education said.
Dean Henry J. Hermanowicz said state
Secretary of Education Robert G. Scan
lon recently proposed legislation that
would require five-year teacher prepara
tion programs.
The legislation will also force teachers
to be licensed every year through state
regional boards, he said.
Hermanowicz said he supports the
proposal because it is an attempt to
improve the quality of teachers in public
schools.
"There are more expectations being
asked of teachers today," he said. "We
simply cannot contain them in a four
year program."
Hermanowicz said he proposed a five
year program to the College of Education
a few years ago because of increasing
teaching requirements.
"Our own programs at Penn State are
spilling over to four and a half years
now," he said.
"We need to upgrade the professional
component of education," he said. "And
there's been evidence that we need to
strengthen and improve teacher educa
tion programs."
Over the last decade, evidence sup
porting Hermanowicz's opinion has been
mounting:
• Congress has passed legislation re
quiring education schools to train teach
ers in such new areas as career
education and special education for the
handicapped and the gifted.
• The National Council for Accredita
tion of Teacher Education has adopted
stricter, standards and in 1979 denied
accreditation to education schools by
more than half that what it had six years
ago.
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I
o Certain states, such as Oklahoma,
have been placing stricter certification
requirements on new teachers.
o Many states, including Alabama,
West Virginia and Florida, require com
petency tests demonstrating complete
knowledge of subjects and classroom
management.
Pennsylvania issues temporary teach
ing certificates with a fourlear degree
in education, said Gary Owen, president
of the State College Education Associa
tion. The state then allows a total of six
years to complete 24 extra college credits
to obtain permanent certification, he
said.
Owen said he disagrees with the propo
sal and said there is not enough financial
reward in teaching to justify a five-year
teacher preparation program.
One of the goals of Scanlon's proposal,
Owen said, is to put teaching on a profes
sional basis, like medicine and law.
"We are professionals paid for by the
public," Owen argued. "Will they pay?
"I don't think you'll ever see teachers
making what doctors and lawyers
make," he added.
The average starting salary for teach
ers in the mid-Atlantic region is esti
mated at $10,500 to $11,500 a year, said
15°
Tuesday April 7, 1981
Vol. 81, No. 145 20 pages University Park, Pa. 18802
Published by Students of The Pennsylvania State University
5-year
program
Dante Scalzi, an education placement
officer in the Careei Development and
Placement Center.
The starting salary for teachers in
State College is about $10,600 a year,
Owen said, but a typical State College
teacher earns an average of $17,000 a
year.
The job market for teachers is fairly
good right now, said Horst Von
Dorpowski, assistant to the dean of Un
dergraduate Studies.
He said many students used to opt
themselves out of the education program
because the job market had an overflow
of teachers.
"There could be a critical shortage of
teachers in the 1980 s," he said.
Hermanowicz said he predicts there
will be a shortage of teachers in the mid
'Bos.
"With the shortage, it may mean that
schools must compete for teachers," he
said. "Teachers may be getting higher
salaries."
Scanlon came to State College in Feb
rary to explain his proposal to State
College teachers during an in-service
training address, said Edward Frye,
director of community relations for the
State College Area School District.
The reaction from the State College
school teachers was not a good one, Owen
said.
"Most of them feel the way I do," he
said.
Dave Colestock (6th-special education
and elementary education) said he
thought the consideration of a five-year
program could be good for the college.
"The consideration of an extra year is
good," he said. "It will make the college
take a look at their programs."
Tim Dougherty (9th-English and sec
ondary education) also said he thought a
five-year program is a good idea.
"It might be a weeding out process,"
he said. "People who really want to be
teachers will go for five years."
Diane Partridge (9th-English and edu
cation) also said she thought the five
year program may be a good idea.
"I think most education majors will
see a fifth year as being beneficial," she
said, "especially with more field experi
ence."
Hermanowicz maintains the five-year
programs are neccessary.
"It might be the wisest investment the
people in this country could make," he
said.
The College of Education must reexa
mine its courses to meet increasing re
quirements and expectations, he said.
What a comeback
After a chilly start today, mostly sun
ny skies will help to boost temperatures
to a noticeably warmer afternoon high of
63. Tonight will be mainly clear and cool,
but not as cold as last night with a low of
40. Partly sunny, breezy and warm to
morrow with a high near 70. Varying
amounts of clouds tomorrow night and
Thursday with possible showers, though
temperatures will remain mild.