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daily
Education favors semester plan
Editor's Note: This is the second article
in a series discussing the effects of the
proposed calendar change on each of the
University's 10 colleges. Today's article
discusses the College of Education.
By ROSA EBERLY •
•
• Daily Collegian Staff Writer
The College of Education generally
supports the proposed change to a
semester calendar, because the propos
ed system would be more compatible
with a 5-year teacher education program
being examined, the assistant to the
dean of the College of Education said.
r "In my mind the s:year plan and the
semester mode seem, more compatible,"
Horst von Dorpowski said.
"Can we do what we think ought to be
done with a teacher preparation pro
gram in two years?• Many times the
answer is no," von Dorpowski said. '
Much of the discussion about the
switch to the semester system concerns
the poSsibility of a change necessitating
modifications in the college's teacher
practicum programs, he said.
Von Dorpowski said more time is
needed for in-class teaching experience,
II and the semester system would probably
provide more time for practical
experience.
"The
can
professional experience a
person can have before they graduate
the better," he said.
Von Dorpowski said that while the
ft term system provides a 10-week period
for the teaching practicum, switching to
Fraudulent speed pills on sale
may not contain amphetamine
`As' consumers, people are probably getting
ripped off by the product. They don't know
what it is they're getting. or how strong it is'
—Sam Hargrave, On Drugs Inc.
By MIKE HEIMOWITZ
Daily Collegian Staff Writer
Speed. It comes in black capsules that read RJ 8 orlB-789,
or in white tablets with blue dots, or a in number of other
forms. Some take the pills to study longer, others to party
longer. But most of the speed pills don't contain even a
trace of amphetamine.
Sam Hargrave of On Drugs Inc. a drug analysis and in
formation center in State College said his organization
analyzed the pills that were sold as speed and found they
contained mainly caffeine with some decongestant.
The amount of caffeine found in the pills ranged from 100
to 300 milligrams. An average cup of coffee contains bet
ween 100 and 150 milligrams of caffeine.
"As consumers, people are probably getting ripped off by
the product," Hargrave said. "They don't know what it is
they're getting or how strong it is."
Nonetheless, the pills can have a significant effect for two
reasons, he said.
"One, caffeine and, decongestants are both stimulants
and; two, there is the placebo effect." Hargrave said. "Peo
ple think they're getting a stimulant so they get a stimulant
effect. For some people these caffeine pills can be pretty
effective."
Legally, sellers and possessors of these bootleg speeders
probably have little to worry about. Brian Clouser, com
mural), relations and crime specialist for the State College
Police Department, said he knew of no laws covering the
dispensing of caffeine pills.
There is • "practically nothing" the authorities can do
about it, Clouser said.
"The only thing that even marginally applies is
misrepresentation of the product," he added.
Walter Williams, regional director of the state's Bureau
of Drug Control, said sellers are required to obtain a $5
*Supreme
By LYNDA ROBINSON
Daily Collegian Staff Writer
The U.S. Supreme Court will soon begin to
*hear a case that will decide whether millions of
draft-age women will be required to serve in the
military in the event of a war.
Last week the court agreed to rule on Rostker
vs. Goldberg, a case challenging the constitu
tionality of all-male draft registration:
The court will review a decision made in July
4.3 y the 3rd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals that
declared the exclusion of women from draft
registration unconstitutional.
At a
. time when the Equal Rights Amendment
is stagnating, the court's decision could have a
profound effect on the future role of women in
American society and the fate of legislation that
'discriminates on the basis of sex.
Because of its significance, the case is con
troversial and explosive. Rostker vs. Goldberg
symbolizes the fears of anti-ERA activists and
the aspirations of feminists demanding equal
rights.
Jane Wells-Schooley, vice president for
, 00litical action for the National Organization for
' l Women, said the exclusion of women from draft
registration serves as a justification for denying
women equal rights.
"It's the absolute bottom line of sex
discrimination," she said. "NOW opposes
registration and the draft for all people, but if
there is a draft, we favor the inclusion of
women."
W 202 PATTEE
11... ..
. .
•
. .
. . Wednesday, Dec.lo, 1980
Vol. 81, N 0.84 22 pages
University Park, Pa. 16802
The Colleges
and
The Semester
Plan
series by th:ii; Collegian
a semester system would facilitate an in
tegration of methods teaching and prac
tical experience during a 15-week term.
Because teachers who have already
graduated and are working often return
to the University during the summer
term to take additional courses, possible
problems with the Summer Term under
a semester system are also being
discussed, von Dorpowski said.
He said the college is now examining a
summer system which would have two
sets of three-week courses, one six-week
session, one eight-week sesion, and a
10-week session.
"There's a definite need to preserve
that summer flexibility," von Dorpowski
said.
There has also been some discussion
about the effect of the semester system
on University faculty research. Citing
the fact that Penn State is consistently
ranked among the top 10 universities on
4 COPIE S
license for the right to sell caffeine, but he said he did not
believe a penalty existed for not having the license.
A recent University graduate, who in the last few years
sold a variety of drugs in the area, said speed pills offered a
"minimal risk and the high6st profit" of any of the drugs he
ever sold. -
.....% •••••1
- -
FOR SALE. FOR INFO. •
AND THE BEST PRICE
IN TOWN CALL: ~
I, j<
2'
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111
r•I
I '..
The card above is an example of a business card used by
drug dealers.
He said sealed jugs containing 1,000 pills are obtainable
from a number of wholesale distributors in the area. Prices
for jugs vary greatly depending on the quantity purchased
and whether the pills are bought directly from the
distributor. Jug prices range from $5O to $175.
The pills are usually sold on the street at a price of four
pills to a dollar. Occasionally, a seller can get fifty or even
seventy-five cents for one pill.
The profits a seller can realize are enormous. With an in.
itial investment of $lOO for a jug, the seller can make at
least $250 providing him with a $l5O profit at little or no risk.
The recent graduate, who asked not to be identified,
said,"Between small sales, (sales of) hundreds, and jugs,
you can sell several thousand with ease. It's time consum
ing, people knock on your door and call you up, but you face
little chance of conviction, and a big monetary gain."
Court ruling may affect women's role
NOW plans to file a legal brief with' the court
supporting the lower court decision, she said.
Schooley said the case proves to ERA critics
that women can be drafted with or without the
amendment because Congress and the court
have always had the power to include women in a
military draft. '
If the court does not strike down. registration
as discriminatory, "it will be a signal to the
military establishment that it is OK or legitimate
to discriminate against women," she said.
analysis
The decision is also crucial because it will have
a significant impact on other areas where
diScrimination is condoned instead of condemn
ed, Schooley said.
Bruce Murphy, assistant professor of political
science, specializing in constitutional law, said
he expects the court to uphold the lower court
decision.
"I think the chances are very good that they
will declare all-mile draft registration un
constitutional," he said.
Aware that the ERA has little chance of pass
ing, the court may use Rostker vs. Goldberg as a
keystone in constructing a legal foundation
guaranteeing women equal rights, Murphy said.
the basisof research, von Dorpowski
said a calendar change would not affect
research here.
"Clearly, the calendar in itself must
be secondary to other things," he said.
Von Dorpowski said the calendar was
changed originally to provide "greater
utilization of resources" and to "in
crease the academic year to four regular
terms."
• "That never quite materialized," he
said.
Along with the failure to alleviate
many of the disadvantages to the term
system, von Dorpowski pointed out that
the term system has definite drawbacks.
"Unfortunately, we have too many
students around for whom the Winter
Term doesn't start until after New
Year's,"he said.
Von Dorpowski said student grades
are lower during the winter term,
possibly because of the holiday break.
Compartmentalization of knowledge,
or cramming course curricula into 10
weeks and then forgetting it, is also a
problem with the term system, von Dor
powski said.
"If you compartmentalize knowledge
like that . . . and never come back to it
again, you lose it," he said.
The term system does not necessarily
cause the student to feel more pressure
academically, von Dorpowski said, and
the student who has problems under the
term system will have the same pro
blems under the semester system.
However, the issue of equal rights is politically
sensitive and the court does not want to alienate
the public, he said. To avoid a negative backlash,
the justices carefully choose the cases they hear.
Over the past five years, almost every time the
court struck down a law because of sex
discrimination, the individual claiming
discrimination was a man, not a woman, Murphy
said.
Rostker vs. Goldberg fits the pattern Murphy
described. The case is the a result of a lawsuit by
a number'of men who opposed the draft during'
the Vietnam War.
By choosing discrimination cases involving
men, the court can attack sex discrimination
without arousing unfavorable publicity, he said.
Regardless of what the court decides, Rostker
vs. Goldberg will undoubtedly create widespread
controversy.
"The justices will act pretty much as
legislators and ask themselves whether an all
male draft is good or bad," Murphy said. "They
have ample opportunity to go either way."
The court will justify its decision in the case on
the basis of a test a standard by which it can
weigh evidenceto determine whether
discrimination against women is acceptable.
The court now uses two tests in discrimination
cases, he said. The stricter of the two tests is ap
plied to cases involving racial discrimination.ln
any lawsuit based on racial discrimination, the
Published by Students of The Pennsylvania State University
"You can make life as miserable as
you want to," he said.
Under the sememster system students
have more time to carry a fuller load of
classes, von Dorpowski said, but a stu
dent can suffer more by having an ex
ceptionally poor semester.
"There is more chance of disaster in
the semester system because there is
more to lose," he said.
If the semester change does not
materialize, von Dorpowski said he
believes the discussion was
constructive.
"Even if this has been a trial balloon,
it got us talking," he said. "It got us to
ask, 'Are these the best way of doing
things?' "
Faculty Senate members from the Col
lege of Education also favor the calen
dar change. Faculty member Carol A.
Cartwright said the change is generally
supported by her colleagues in the
college.
"We believe there are pedagogical im
provements by providing for longer in
structional and advising interactions
between students," Cartwright told the
senate at it's meeting last month.
She said she also believes the semester
system will not have a negative impact
on research or the College of Educa
tion's pubic service mission.
"We do not see any substantial disad
vantages to students, provided the con
version does not affect tuition and some
reasonable flexibility in payment
schedule is provided," Cartwright said.
Polish problems persist
WARSAW, Poland (AP) -- Poland's
army newspaper said yesterday the
country would not tolerate trade union
activity directed against the Communist
state and the Polish news agency
reported a case of possible industrial
saboiage at a coal mine.
U.S. officials in Washington said the
Soviet Union had moved trucks toward
the Polish border and tightened com
munications in preparation for possible
intervention. In Brussels, NATO defense
ministers asked the United States to
send four sophisticated surveilance air
craft to Europe because of the Polish
crisis, NATO sources said.
Reports also reached Washington of a
Soviet request to the Polish government
for permission to move four divisions
across the country into East Germany.
And a top NATO military leader
underlined Western concern about a
possible armed intervention by saying
the Soviets Union has the capability to
move into Poland on a few hours' notice.
Poland's private farmers said the
government backed down on an agree
ment to allow them an independent
union, adding their voice to labor and
Man arrested in gambling raid
By BECKY JONES
Daily Collegian Staff Writer
A State College man was arrested in a raid on a gambling
operation which may be part of a large-scale gambling opera
tion in State College, the state police from the State Correc
tional Institute at Rockview said. •
Michael J. Ziegler, 30, 445 Waupelani Drive, was charged
with pool selling and bookmaking after the police raided the
operation at the Nittany Garden and Parkway Plaza Apart
ments on Sunday.
Army newspaper denounces union activity
court places the burden of proof on the
government.
Legislation that discriminates racially is un
constitutional unless •the government can justify
it on the basis of "compelling state interest."
Because both race and sex are hereditary
features, it would seem logical for the court to
use the same standard in both types of
discrimination cases.
However, in cases involving sexual
discrimination, "compelling state interest" is
replaced by a much less rigorous test.
In sexual discrimination cases, the govern
ment must only provide a "rational basis" for
legislation that makes distinctions between
males and females. •
It is up to the court to determine the definitions
of "compelling state interest" and "rational
basis." Murphy said the ambiguity of these stan
dards allows the court to manipulate the mean
ing of the terms to reach a desired constitutional
outcome.
Murphy said legislation almost always stands
when the court uses the "rational basis" stan
dard because it places the burden of proof on the
individual charging discrimination instead of on
the government.
' Although the court could begin to apply the
"compelling state interest" test to sex
discrimination cases in its decision on the draft,
Murphy said he doubts the court will do so.
Brushing up
Soon Hahn illustrates the art of Oriental brush painting on rice paper during a
demonstration Monday at Kern.
economic unrest that led to alarm in the
Soviet-led Warsaw Pact and to fears in
the West that the Soviets might
intervene.
The Soviet Union last Friday called
Warsaw Pact- members to a Moscow
summit on the Polish crisis, a ,i(I( the
meeting ended with a statement of con
fidence that Poland would be able to sur
mount its troubles.
But on Monday, Soviet and East Ger
man official news agencies carried
reports of new labor troubles at a Polish
factory and claimed "counter
revolutionary forces" were challenging
Communist rule.
The reports were denied by the Polish
government and the labor unions.
Similar allegations of "counter
revolutionary activity" appeared in the
Eastern European press in advance of
the Soviet-led invasion of
Czechoslovakia in 1968 that crushed
liberal reforms.
The Soviet news agency Tass accused
Washington of waging a "provocative,
subversive campaign" against Poland
aimed at "aggravating the situation."
Tass apparently was referring to White
State police from Rockview, assisted by state police from
Harrisburg, seized sports bets and gambling paraphernalia .
Ziegler was arraigned before Bellefonte District Magistrate
Louise 0. Green on Sunday and released on $l,OOO bail. His
preliminary hearing in Central Court in Bellefonte is set for
Dec. 17.
A police spokesman said the raid indicated a large-scale
gambling operation, and additional arrests are expected.
Police said the investigation into the gambling operation is
continuing.
Instead, the court may adopt a third rule to
provide a compromise between the two tests in
use, he said.A third test was used in the lower
court decision.
The Circuit Court declared registration un
constitutional because the government could not
prove that all-male registration was "substan
tially related to an important governmental
objective."
. The language of such a standard places a
greater burden on the government to justify
discriminatory legislation than does the "ra
tional basis" test. •
However, racial discrimination would still be
scrutinized more strictly than sexual discrimina
tion a practice'that amounts to discrimination
on the part of the court.
Much colder air will move into the area today
and will remain for several days. Variable
cloudiness, breezy. and much coldef today with
occasional snow flurries or showers.
Temperatures will fall slowly all day from the
low 30s this morning. Partly cloudy, breezy and
very cold tonight with a low, of 16. Considerable
cloudiness and frigid tomorrow with more flur
ries possible late in the day and a high of only 24.
House statements that Soviet forces ap
peared to have completed preparations
for a possible intervention.
The Italian Communist Party, the
largest in the West, said military in
tervention in Poland would have "very
grave consequences."
Although the situation was generally
quiet in Poland, the official army
newspaper issued a new warning to
follow up previous hints that the Polish
army may take action itself if labor
unrest continued.
The Polish news agency reported a
case of possible industrial sabotage at a
coal mine Monday where three sets of
small coal cars were intentionally un
coupled. It said there was a two-hour
work stoppage at the mine in Jaworzno,
near Katowice, and that authorities
were investigating.
Labor officials nearest the mine could
not• he reached. Solidarity officials in
Katowice said they did not know of the
incident.
The official army newspaper Zolnierz
Wolnosci said some Poles saw "trade
unions as a force directed against the
state authorities."
Winter revival
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Photo by Renee Jacobs