Iran and Iraq exchange artillery in fight for city
KHURRAMSHAR, Iran (UPI) Iraq 'and
Iran dueled yesterday with heavy artillery ex
changes, ground forces tangled with automatic
rifle fire and sniper bullets whizzed over the port
in the battle for control of Khurramshahr.
• Iraqi forces have moved their positions a full
four miles Co the south into the northern fringes
of Khurramshar in the past three days and
already are pounding the next target the ma
jor Iranian oil refinery center at Abadan with
artillery.
According to military sources, the Iraqis are
pouring men and machinery across the Karun
river into the heart of the city at three locations,
at least one of them a pontoon bridge built across
the river in the last two days.
.College of Education maintains high outlook
Kv IRIS NAAR
. Daily Collegian Staff Writer
• 'Despite decreasing enrollment,
budget cuts and employee layoffs, the
College of Education hopes to maintain
- its leadership as an outstanding school of
(Iducation.
"There is no doubt in my mind that we
are one of the leading university colleges
of education in the country," said Henry
J. Hermanowicz, dean of the college.
• Hermanowicz said regardless of the
criteria, the college consistently
receives . high ratings in national studies.
."Penn State's College of Education
keeps surfacing as one of the top 10 or
2(),."-he said.
. However, a major problem facing the
college is declining enrollment of
students majoring in education.
:"Over a 10-year period, the
undergraduate enrollment has declined
over 50 percent," Hermanowicz said.
"One of the principal reasons for the
decline is the amount of national publici
ty given to the alleged oversupply of
teachers."
• Hermanowicz said the supply of
teachers varies from one field to
another. For instance, he said, there are
not enough teachers in the fiel6 of bil
ingual and vocational . educatiori, and
. -.there soon be shortage Of "teacher
in mathematic and science.
"It's not a simple inatter of saying
. 4here's a general oversupply," he said.
' Dante Scalzi, the educational place
ment officer in the Career Development
and Placement Center, said there are
shortages of teachers in the fields of
mathematics, physics, chemistry and
secondary English.
Sealzi said students have been
discouraged from going into the field of
education by their parents and by media
reports on such subjects as teacher
strikes. '
Hermanowicz said there may be
teacher shortages in the future.
"There are 'some estimates (that) by
Common Cause:
it *
i f ,
'We face a situation where people who are e,
shave had to ask themselves, when they are con
tacted by a large contributor: "How is my behavior
being affected?" We don't think people should
have to be put in that, position.'
BINDERY
V 202 PATTEE
the mid-1980s there may be a shortage
where there is now an oversupply," he
said.
"It doesn't disturb me excessively,"
Hermanowicz said in regard to declining
enrollment. "I'm more concerned about
enhancing the quality of programs
rather than increasing the amount of
students. I would prefer to handle fewer
students and do a much better job than
handle a large number of students," he
said.
4 COPIES
An Iraqi military communique said 43 Iranian
soldiers were killed in the fighting and 10 tanks
were destroyed, while eight Iraqis soldiers were
killed with the loss of one tank.
The communique also said a helicopter was
shot down in the southern fighting zone and two
missile bases were set on fire but it did not give
the location of the missile sites.
Iraqi aircraft penetrated deep into southern
Iran on a bombing mission yesterday afternoon,
striking the airport and the oil refinery at
Isfahan, one of Iran's largest provincial towns
about 280 miles northwest of Abadan.
Iraqi claims of control of the city of 350,000
itself appeared exaggerated. Solid pockets of
resistance were holding out with a combination
the
daily
I'm more concerned about enhancing the quality of
programs rather than increasing the amount of
students. I would prefer to handle fewer students
and do a much better job than handle a large
number of students.'
Hermanowicz said enrollment in the
College of Education is declining more
slowly now, than in the past. Between
1978 and 1979, undergraduate enrollment
decreaSed 6 .- Pere . :6ht, - the lowest perbeh
tage decrease in undergraduate enroll
ment for a 5-Year period, he said.
"I think the enrollment decline is star
ting to level off," he said.
More students have transferred into
the college than out of it; Hermanowicz
said.
_ .
"I don't think we're in very bad
shape c " he said.
Horst von Dorpowski, assistant to the
dean for undergraduate studies and
Commonwealth campuses in the College
of Education, said although data for Fall
Term 1980 is not available yet, the enroll
ment decline is not as severe as in the
past.
"I feel that the drop we had is bottom-
Yt,
1 , 1
)1 4\
—James Eisenstein
ing out," he said.
Hermanowicz said the budget for the
college has decreased steadily. The col
lege is still on a 5-year retrenchment
plan, he said, and annual cuts have been
made in the budget.
"Our cuts have been very selective,"
Hermanowicz said.
He said the college has eliminated ap
proximately 24 faculty positions and 10
clerical positions since the 1975-1976
academic year. In addition, the college
—Henry J..Hermanowicz,
dean of the College of Education
is planning to phase out its industrial
arts education program.
"It hasn't been easy, but I think we've
handled, it as well as we. can," . ger
marioWiCz said:
Von Dorpowski said the college hopes
to continue its good reputation.
"In a time of budgetary restraint im
posed on the college and the University,
I know from faculty, administrators and
more importantly the students, that we
want to maintain the reputation we had
in the past and improve the reputation,"
he said.
In addition to budget cuts, the College
of Education has received the lowest
private funding of any college in the
University. In 1979, the college received
$9,478 worth of private funds, and $21,004
in 1980.
Hermanowicz said the college does not
receive many private funds because
lobbying for a better government
Editor's. Note: James Eisenstein,
University professor of political science,
is on the executive committee of Penn
sylvania Common Cause, and heads
Common Cause's campaign finance pro
ject. Ile was interviewed Oct. 8 by Daily
Collegian Staff Writers Tom Boyer and
Lynda Robinson. The following has been
edited fo• length and clarity.
COLLEGIAN: What is Common Cause
and what is its purpose?
EISENSTEIN: Common Cause is a
group of about 220 citizens who have
joined together for the purposes of lobby
ing at both the national and state level
for what the organization sees as im
provements in the way government
operates.
It's a public interest lobbying group in
the sense that the issues Common Cause.
works for do not (accrue) to the financial
benefit of its members. That is an impor
tant distinction between Common Cause
and many other groups active in the lob
bying process.
Common Cause lobbies for lobby
disclosure so we have some idea of who
spends what. It lobbies for Sunshine,
openness in government, so decisions
are not made in secret. It's a lobby to
make more available information on
how congressmen voted.
COLLEGIAN: So in other words Com
mon Cause lobbies to put an end to the
abuses in the lobbying system.
EISENSTEIN: That's part of it. We're
not against lobbying, we're a lobbying
organization. Lobbying is good, it's a
part of democracy. But we also need to
know who's lobbying and who's exercis
ing what kind of influence on the political
system. We don't have that' in the United
States.
COLLEGIAN: Can you prevent
private influence on the political
system?
EISENSTEIN: You don't want to pre
vent private influence on the political
system. The nature of democracy is to
allow it.. What you don't want is a
democracy of dollars..
You want the people who are elected to
NEM
of mortar and, automatic rifle fire, assisted by
Iranian artillery further to the south.
From the forward positions it has established
well inside Iranian territory Iraq yesterday mov
ed yet more reinforcements into the battle for
Khurramshahr truckloads of men armed with
AK47 rifles and rocket-propelled grenades.
The Iraqi war strategy seemed to be aimed at
sweeping round the east of Khurramshahr, pinn
ing the Iranian and civilian defenders against
the Shatt-al-Arab waterway while allowing Iraqi
armor to move on south to Abadan.
"This is the start of the battle for Abadan,"
said one western military expert.
Clearly that is what precisely Iraqi artillery
was bent on. From positions on the northern fr
Ile • 'aril
graduates from the College of Education
generally do not become very affluent.
• Scalzi said data for graduates in the
School of Education during the 1978-1979
school year is promising.
"More than half the graduates in the
College of Education have been getting
jobs in the field of education," he said.
Scalzi said 75 percent of the total
graduates in the College of Education
during the 1978-1979 year found employ
ment. Of those employed, 56 percent
found jobs "in-field," and 19 percent
were employed "out-of-field."
The College of Education employment
statistics rate very well in comparison to
other University colleges, Scalzi said.
"As far as employments are concern
ed, we're usually among the top three,"
he said.
Scalzi said that only 35 percent of
teacher preparatory graduates in Penn
sylvania obtain teaching jobs, yet 56 per
cent of University graduates are
employed in-field.
"The Penn State education degree is
the best education degree in the state,"
he said.
In addition, recruiters from many
states come to the University to see
students, Scalzi said.
"We're ~simply trying• to equip,
through the educational' placement of
fice, our future teacitqrs and ad
ministrators with the tools they need to
find jobs in education," he said.
Scalzi will be teaching a new course
during Winter and Spring terms,
Counselor Education 297 A Finding a
Job in Education.
Von Dorpowski said in the past, some
students graduating from the College of
Education felt that education was just
one way of going through college. Now
students are committed to becoming the
best professionals they can be, he said.
"What I sense as I talk with freshmen,
is that those who are in education are
there because they want to make a dif
ference in education," he said.
public office and who make public deci
sions to be able to do so without having to
he concerned about where their cam
paign contributions are going to come
from. You want them to make their deci
sions on the basis of the issues involved,
not on the basis of how much financial
power is available.
COLLEGIAN: What plans does Penn
sylvania Common Cause have for the
future?
Interview
EISENSTEIN: Pennsylvania is pro
bably the most backward major in
dustrial state in the country when it
comes to the kinds of issues we are in
terested in. Thirty-four states have pass
ed Sunset ( legislation to force periodic
review of state agencies) in one form or
another. A lot of states now have mean
ingful lobby disclosure laws. We have
probably the worst lobby disclosure law
in the whole country.
We don't have a very good Sunshine
law. There are some problems with the
Ethics Act. There's a whole lot of work to
do on basic governmental reform in this
state that other states have already
achieved.
COLLEGIAN: What is your strategy?
HoW do you work, on a grass roots level?
EISENSTEIN: We work in a grass
roots lobby. We try to get more
members. We try to inform the
members we have about the issues. We
use publicity. We do hard data studies.
Before Pennsylvania Common Cause
was looking at campaign contributions,
nobody was doing it. The reason we
know that half of the money that can
didates for governor received came
from huge contributions of $5OO or more
was because Penn State students went
through the campaign finance reports
line by line.
And we lobby in the Legislature; we
have a lobbyist. Our budget is so small
inges of Khurramshahr the big guns thundered
for hour after hour, turning the horizon around
distant Abadan into a haze of oily, gray-back
smoke.
The Iranians sent artillery shells into what ap
peared to be the beach head the Iraqis had
established along the Karun river. There were no
immediate estimates of casualties, but blood
stained stretches at an Iraqi hospital to the rear
on the border between the warring oil powers
bore mute testimony to the occasional savagery
of the conflict
"The port is free now," an Iraqi soldier said.
But at the port it stands less clear cut.
Although Iraqi trops have moved further south
through the facility its control over the entire
that we must be a matter of great
amusement to some of the lobbyists in
Harrisburg. • -
COLLEGIAN: What is the most im
portant piece of legislation Common
Cause is sponsoring in the Pennsylvania
Legislature?
EISENSTEIN: Sunset legislation is
one of our two priority issues and it is
close to passage. And I would say that it
is our top priority.
COLLEGIAN: What is Sunset?
EISENSTEIN: Sunset is a concept to
force government, the Legislature in
particular, to take a close look at the per
formance of government agencies and
licensing boards to see if they are prfor
ming the functions they were created to
perform.
It's an action-forcing mechanism
which calls for the abolishment of agen
cies that come up for review on a regular
basis unless there is a specific authoriza
tion by the Legislature to continue its
existence.
In some instances there are agencies
and boards that are not doing anything
anymore and they can be abolished, but
that's not the primary * function of
Sunset.
, - -
COLLEGIAN: What forces in state
government are working to prevent
Sunset legislation?
EISENSTEIN: There are some
special interest groups who are concern
ed that their licensing boards may be in
jeopardy. They feel threatened and
they've mobilized.
COLLEGIAN: Do you mean that some
agencies or people who are regulated
benefit from that regulation?
EISENSTEIN: Of course. That's the
standard pattern of'regulation in govern
ment. You have an aroused public that
forms a temporary coalition that's able
to get legislation passed regulating some
profession, as the result of some kind of
abuse.
It symbolically reassures the coalition
and politicians who have jumped on the
bandwagon, and then the licensing board
becomes captured by the very interests
that it's supposed to regulate.
length seemed questionable. At one point, bullets
from automatic rifles zipped through the air,
signaled by an eerie whine.
Iraqi forces about halfway down the port had
mortars set up short range weapons that in
dicate the enemy is not far away.
Then the rifle fire opened up clattering
perhaps 500 yards to the south a battle bet
ween attacker and defender that indicated the
fight for Khurramshahr may be far from over.
The port area controlled by the Iraqis is a
wreck of plastic nets, melted into a soggy green
mess, abandoned boots, rancid cooking oil that
has spread from one cargo, Chinese-made soccer
balls bouncing in the wind.
Monday Oct. 13, 1980
Vol. 81, N 0.56 16 pages University Park, Pa. 16802
Published by Students of The Pennsylvania State University
We've done a little bit of analysis
about the licensing boards that operate
in Pennsylvania. They practically never
revoke licenses. They never rebuke peo
ple for professional misbehavior.
So either we are blessed with dentists;
doctors,' real estate agents and funeral
home directors who never make
Mistakes and who always are ethical, or
these boards aren't doing a very good
job.
COLLEGIAN: With the elections so
close, public financing of elections
becomes a relevant question. How would
public financing of elections counter
special interest influences in campaigns
and the Legislature?
EISENSTEIN: Our legislation calls
for a mixed public-private system of
financing elections for statewide office.
Its primary benefit would be to reduce
the very heavy reliance of candidates for
statewide office on large contributions to
fund their campaigns. It would also free
candidates from the uncomfortable and
sometimes humiliating experience of
having to ask for large contributions.
We face a situation where people who
are elected have to ask themselves,
when they are'contacted by a large con- .
tributor: "How is my behavior being af
fected?" We don't think people should
have to be put in that position.
COLLEGIAN: When a political action
committee contributes a large amount of
money to a candidate, what exactly are
they buying?
EISENSTEIN: Large contributions
purchase access. By access I mean the
ability to get into someone's office and at
least get a sympathetic hearing for yOur
views. Continued on Page 15.
Chill in the air
Partly sunny, breezy and chilly today
with an afternoon high temperature of
53. Becoming clear and cold tonight with
an unseasonable low of 29. Frost is like
ly, especially in outlying areas. Con
tinued chilly with plenty of sunshine
tomorrow with a high temperature of 58.