*Oceans may provide
future energy source
Solar energy available 24 hours a day
from ocean water, regardless of weather
BY TOM ARMBRUSTER
' 1 and MIKE SILLUP
Daily Collegian Staff Writers
et! The Department of, Energy is taking a -
hard look at the oceans as a potential
. source of energy.
Four energy sources from the ocean
currently being researched as energy.
~ alternatives are waves, currents,
salinity (the ocean's salt) and ocean
Rbermal energy.
The DOE is looking particularly hard
at Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion.
1( Instead of using steamto turn the tur
bines, as a coal power plant does, OTEC
uses sun-warmed water from the
ocean's surface to boil ammonia and
4 t , him the turbines. Cold water from the
ocean's depths is pumped to change the
vapors back to a liquid state and the
ammonia is recirculated.
The project is of more than just
passing interest to the Department of
Energy. Between 1972 and 1978, Federal
support for OTEC increased from
4 $lOO,OOO to $36 million.
A pilot plant with a 25-Megawatt
output is being planned for the mid
' 1980 s. If it is successful, DOE will build a
100-megawatt demonstration plant in the
, early 1890 s. A large land power plant
generates about 800 megawatts.
The major reasons for interest in
9 ' OTEC is that the ocean is the world's
largest solar collector, about 70 percent
-,' olsolar energy reaching the earth lands
' on water, and because the ocean's
temperature is relatively constant, this,
form of solar energy is available 24
• hours a day, regardless of the weather.
The DOE says it is looking at the
possibility of locating the plants in the
southeastern part of the country where
- - the temperature difference would be
' greatest because of the Gulf Stream.
• The ocean itself presents problems.
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Ralph Webb, associate professor of
mechanical engineering, said heavy
seas could require the plant be built of
expensive long-lasting materials, such
as Titanium, possibly reducing the cost
effectiveness.
He also said the challenge of the
project is finding the optimum design
and construction of the plant.
"Befoi.e they put all their eggs in one
basket . ask, 'Hey, is this the best
basket?' " he said.
One of the major concerns at present
is the problem of organisms attaching
themselves to the OTEC hardware and
presumably fouling the system. The
DOE has funded research to find
cleaning methods to overcome
"biofouling," as the DOE terms it.
The. DOE also cites some possible
beneficial side-effects. An OTEC plant
pumping cold water from the ocean's
depths bring up nutrients attracting fish
to the area. A plant could also produce
millions of gallons of fresh water daily
by desalting the water used in the plant's
boilers.
"Research and development work
looks very attractive for it to become a
.
viable system," Sigmund Gronich, a
DOE spokesman, said.
OTEC will not solve our immediate
energy problems. The DOE estimates
that by the year 2000 it will generate only
1.6 percent of the United States' energy
demands.
The United States is not the only nation
looking to the ocean for energy. France
and Japan are also researching OTEC.
Japan and Great Britain are studying
the possibility of using waves for elec
tricity. Israel hopes to use salinity as a
viable energy source.
OTEC and the other ocean systems are
being studied by the DOE and are listed
as solar energy programs. .
tam
A model of the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion plant proposed by scientists
to solve future energy needs. The plant would use sun-warmed water from the
ocean's surface to turn turbines and produce power. The ocean is the world's
largest solar energy collector, holding energy 24 hours a day, regardless of the
weather.
WILDERNESS AND THE AMERICAN
CHARACTER
This summer, The Behrend College, Erie, is presenting a three-credit combination
field experience and outside reading course entitled Arts and Humanistic Studies
198 A: Wilderness and the American Character. The course provides the student
with an understanding of how the close proximity of wilderness has affected Ameri
can development and the individual American's perception of himself through an
examination of the literature, philosophy, and natural history surrounding the Ameri
can wilderness.
The course format requires enrollment by May 18th to permit students to complete
the independent reading which is required as the first phase of the program. The
second phase is a seven day —; six night field expedition, June 10-16th, into the
Allegheny National Forest, under the direction of a factilty team (Literature arid
Biological Science). During this portion of the course, backpacking, canoeing,
orienteering, and nature study skills are developed. At this time the readings are
discussed and applied to field conditions. Each student is instructed to keep a daily
journal or reactions and perceptions in relationship to the reading material. The third
phase consists of a written examination by which each student demonstrates his
assimilation of the entire program.
Participants should be in good health because of the ruggedness of the wilderness
area and the physical demands of the field experience. Participants will not be in
contact with civilization during this time.
A basic list of necessary equipment is provided to each participant at registration
Major items of equipment which the student does not have will be furnished.
Registration must be completed the week of May 14-18. Enrollment is limited to 14
students.
Fee: The total fee of $345 for Pennsylvania undergraduate residents includes the
three undergraduate credits, transportation to and from the Allegheny National
Forest, all food, required textbooks, camp sites, and camping equipment if needed.
A $lOO deposit must be made at initial registration. The total $345 fee must be paid
by June 1, 1979. Students selected for the field trip who withdraw after May 22nd will
receive a refund only for that portion of monies not committed.
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND REGISTRATION, CONTACT:
Continuing Education or Information Services
The Behrend College 501 Keller Building
Station Road University Park
Erie, PA 16563 865.6585
(814) 898-1511
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TM Astrant TM9ostaos
6' ibapcodontlogiamo
Tom-Fri 10 am -9 pm
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~.,
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.Ruffles Lynden Farm Snow King
POTATO FRENCH BEEF
CHIPS FRIES SANDWICH
7 oz . c9O STEAK,S
,bag 69c 4 lbs. A' 14 oz $2"
Prices effective while supplies last.
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