111 IDITIOII
Where's an exception to prove the rule?
The University runs a hotel of sorts
for various convention groups in
empty dorms during the summer,
complete with desk clerks and bell
boys.
The bell boys are required to wear
red vests and little black bow ties.
The Office of Food Services and
Housing has dress regulations foi the
desk clerks too.
The cole slaw is blowin' in, the wind
Remember the Chicago Seven.? memorable protests of the sixties, the
Ken Kesey and the Merry Committee to Re-Hire Jo-Ann Farr is
Pranksters? Jane Fonda and Jerry planning a Sunday picnic.
Rubin? It may not sound like a very
How about the '6B Chicago Con- revolutionary path to take, but
vent ion?' The poor march on anyone who ever did time in a dining
Washington? The Kent State hall ought not forget that you can
moratoriums? create some great tactical diversions
Not to be the with cole slaw.
outdone by
Summertime, and here come de judge!
`Tis the season for civil suits among
landlords and tenants as many
students leave State College for
summer without paying their rent.
"We must have had 40 of those
rotten things filed this month,"
Dartha Simons, civil secretary, said.
In the latest round it was Landlords
1, Students 0 as Thomas Critchlow
and Jeffrey Dugan together lost a
$485 suit ,Tuesday to Eastgate
From this sign we could tell only one
thing, either the obelisk is broken, or
someone's telling a fib.
Dick and Jane,
easy as CDT?
Quote of the week:
Jerome Weinstein, editor of the
Centre Daily Times at a recent press
conference with University President
John W. Oswald during a discussion
of the University's Basic Skills
program "I've heard that local school
children carry around the Centre
Daily Times to learn reading . . . I
think that's appalling." •
Just what the doctor ordered
Probably one of the most ideal
ways to stay healthy is to eat
regularly, and according to a recent
survey, people who have studied
health planning and administration at
Penn State are doing just that.
The' survey, releaSed by the
University Department of Public
Information, shows that of 200 health
planning and administration
graduates asked, 82 per cent have
Did something just go boom?
If you find yourself Standing up on
the bus more often these days, here's
why.
According to statistics from the
federal bureau of the Census, the
population in Centre County in
creased from 99,267 in 1970 to 110,118
in 1975; an overall increase of 10.9 per
cent.
The population figures are based on
Clarification
The Daily Collegian incorrectly
reported that any agreement between
the Teamsters Local Union 8 and the
University would be retroactive to
June 30. Although previous
agreements have been retroactive,
this year's agreement will be
retroactive only if that is specified in
Ihe final agreement. _
What's Inside
Keating Dam proposal page 1
'Wet T-shirt' hearing page 3
Fireman's Parade page 4
Play review page 5
'Star Wars' review page 5
Blindness in State College page 9
the
daily
According to a flyer posted
prominently behind the desk at
Waring Hall, rule number one for
female clerks is "A top must be
worn at all times."
Since most University rules are
eminently logical, if there's a rule,
obviously there must, have been a
problem.
associates, Bellaire Avenue.
A second suit may result, Simons
said, but this time between the two
former tenants because Dugan ap
peared at the hearing and Critchlow
did not. Dugan was thus held
responsible for the full settlement and
may have to sue Critchlow for
reimbursement.
Nothing like equal justice under the
law.
I'm out on a limb
since you're leafing
Can a lone tree surgeon find suc
cess where a group of landscape
gardening students found failure?
Let's hope so.
About halfway down the Mall from
Pollock Road, right next to the water
fountain, is an old stone monument
that reads, "The Old Willow, planted
in 1858 by Professor William G.
Waring. Restored 1911 by students in
landscape gardening of the Penn
sylvania State College."
. Right next to the monument is not
an Old Willow, but rather a new
willow sapling.
The Old Willow was removed two
terms ago, which is just as well, since
by the time it was removed it didn't
much resemble a tree anymore. Its
upper portion was held by guy wires
attached to the branches of other
trees, just about half of the lower
trunk was missing, and what did
remain of the trunk was filled with
cement.
Now, a little further down the Mall,
a similar restoration is taking place.
This time the subject is an Elm tree
that was damaged during a fire at
Sackett Building in 1918. The bark of
the tree was damaged, exposing the
trunk to termites, carpenter ants, and
squirrels.
This time, instead of entrusting the
repair job to a bunch of wire-and
cement-crazy landscape majors, the
University assigned one of its tree
specialists to the job.
The specialist's •name is Edward
Meek, and "with a combination of
metal bolts to brace the upper trunk,
polyurethane foam to fill the lower
trunk, and skillful pruning to lighten
the top of the tree, he plans to save
what he says is a healthy tree while
still keeping it visually appealing.
And if anyone thinks he can't do it,
they're out of their trey.
jobs in the health planning field or
have continued their education in a
health-related field.
86.6 per cent of those asked said
they were glad that they majored in
health planning and administration,
while 6.6 per cent said that they were
sorry they had majored in the
program.
All of which sort of implies that
staying healthy can be a full-time job.
the number of births and deaths in the
county, the number of people moving
in or out of the county, as well as
several other special groups.
Among the special groups listed are
immigrants, Armed Forces living in
barracks in the , area, full time
students, long term patients at health
care facilities, and prison inmates.
That's why.
Weather
Wea therwise this weekend,
everyday's a 4th 'of July.' Con
siderable cloudiness with a few
showers or thundershowers likely
until late this morning, partial
clearing this afternoon, high near 80.
Partly cloudy tonight and tomorrow,
low tonight 58 and the high tomorrow
78. Fair and warm Sunday.
olle • iarl
Teamsters call for strike
By DAVE SKIDMORE
Collegian Staff Writer
A low turnout of the membership of
Teamsters Union Local 8, representing
more than 2,000 University employees,
last night authorized its leaders to call a
strike.
But union leaders indicated that they
will not call a strike until fall, when it
would have the most'effect.
"We don't hit the bricks yet," one
member said after the meeting.
Local 8 members voted 654 to 219 to
reject the University's 5 per cent wage
hike offer'. The union is asking for an 8
per cent hike.
The vote fell just 70 short of the
number needed to accept the wage offer.
Eleven ballots were void.
A two-thirds vote of the membership is
required to authorize a strike. Seventy
five per cent of the members attending
voted to strike.
Local 8 Secretary-Treasurer C.
Rodney Knepp said he expected the
University to come back with another
offer, even though University President
John W. Oswald said the University
can't offer a larger settlement.
"The University always states that
they don't have the money," Knepp said.
Knepp said the University will get
somewhere between $lO9 million and
$lll million from the state.
Since Oswald does not know how much
money the University is getting from the
slate, Knepp said, "he isn't basing his
statements on fact."
Only 885 of more than 2,000 eligible
food service, maintenance and technical
workers voted.
Carter decides against Bi bomber
WASHINGTON (UPI) President Carter killed the
costly B 1 bomber project yesterday and said America
simply does not need the $lOO million warplane to
defend itself from Soviet attack.
The decision caught many lawmakers and lobbyists
by surprise, delighting anti-B1 forces and provoking
bitter criticism from those who considered the
multibillion dollar defense project essential to national
defense.
Calling it "one of the most difficult decisions that I've
made," Carter announced after weeks of secretive
review he is stopping - production of the super bomber
and will fill its place in the defense picture with a
pilotless jet known as the "cruise missile."
The decision will affect U.S. military strategy for
years to come and deals a heavy economic blow to
several states including California, Massachusetts
and Missouri where components of the plane would
have been built. Spokesmen for some producers
claimed thousands of jobs would be lost.
Former President Gerald Ford, in San Francisco,
called Carter's decision "a very risky gamble . . . too
big a gamble and too much of a risk."
Carter's move stunned and angered congressmen
expecting the opposite decision.
House Republican leader John Rhodes accused
Carter of "rank amateurism" in his handling of the
decision and said he "threw away an important
bargaining chip for the strategic arms limitation talks"
with the Soviets.
Rep. Robert Dornan, R-Calif., whose district includes
Dam project:
By STEVE LESTER
Collegian Staff Writer ,
Editor's note: This story concludes a
two-part look at the proposed Keating
dam.
Since 1936, the Army Corps of
Engineers has had its eye on the Keating
site, about 50 miles upstream from Lock
Haven on the west branch of the
Susquehanna River, a corps spokesman
said.
However, economic factors have
prevented the corps from recom
mending the project to Congress for final
approval.
The cost-benefit ratio for the project is
.82, the corps says.
A ratio of at least 1.0 is required for
any water project before the corps may
recommend it to Congress, according to
the Flood Control Act of 1936.
In other words, the corps must show
that for every dollar spent on a project
after it is built, a dollar or more would be
returned in benefits.
It would cost more than $4B million a
year to operate the Keating Dam, the
corps says. The project would bring in
only $39.5 million in annual benefits.
Thus, 39.5 divided by 48 equals .82.
The corps has received much
criticism, notably from President
Carter, for its methods of determining
cost-benefit ratios. However, the corps'
hydropower benefit figures are
relatively conservative.
The benefits from hydropower are
based on the corps' "projected profit"
from the sale of electricity to the first
power company that wants to distribute
it to the public, a corps spokesman said.
This profit is based on the cost of
producing electricity by means of the
cheapest alternative to hydropower as
designated by the Federal Power
Commission.
For the proposed Keating project, the
alternative is gas turbine, the
spokesman said. Hence, the market
value of natural gas has a direct in
fluence , on the overall value of the
project.
At more than $27.5 million, the annual
benefits from hydroelectricity would be
Knepp attributed the low turnout to the
holiday weekend and the fact that some
union members had withdrawn for the
summer and were ineligible to vote.
However, several union members
outside the meeting said many members
were apathetic.
"They feel the union let them down
last year," one technical worker said.
"We blew our chances last year,"
another member said.
The members • said because the of
ficers of the union strongly recom
mended a strike when the University
made its first offer last fall and later
recommended acceptance of a similar
offer, many union members lost' con
fidence in union leaders.
Some of the members were a little
skeptical," Knepp said. "After tonight
we're hoping to gain some confidence
(from the membership)."
"I want to say to the membership, `l'm
hearing and I'm understanding,' " he
said.
One Local 8 member said the meeting
was quieter than last year's meeting.
"My feeling is that we would have an
orderly meeting. I'm proud of the
membership for this," Knepp said. _
In addition to the wage hike, the
University's offer also included an in
crease in surgical benefits.
Coverage for each surgical operation
would have been raised from $450 to
$750, a 67 per cent increase. Maternity
benefits would have risen $133.
The benefits have already been ex
tended to non-union workers. '
the Rockwell International plant where the Ills were to
be built, claimed the decision would cost 68,000 jobs in
California alone.
"They are breaking open the vodka bottle in
Moscow,'.' Dornan said.
But spokesmen for the National Campaign to Stop the
B 1 praised Carter's "courage" in resisting pro-bomber
lobby pressure and said, "we promise to help you
protect your B 1 decision in the Congress and public."
And in San Antonio, Tex.,Labor Secretary Ray
Marshall said he advised Carter to disregard thelm
pact his decision might have upon the defense industry
employment. .
"My recommendation to the President has always
been that our employment decisions not be related to
defense matters, that we shouldn't connect them,"
Marshall said.
Within hours of Carter's announcement, the House
approved an overall defense bill with the B 1 production
money still included. The legislation went/to the Senate,
where sources predicted a liberal vs. conservative fight
over whgther to eliminate the bomber funds or leave
them in and dare Carter to veto the entire bill.
At a nationally televised news conference, Carter said
he will allow continued research and development on
the B 1 just in case cheaper, alternative weapons
systems do not pan out and in case Soviet
belligerence requires more U.S. military muscle.
"If at the end of a few years our relations with the
Soviets should deteriorate drastically, which I don't
about 70 per cent of the total annual
benefits, the corps says.
Though the figure is powerful, it is
nevertheless conservative, according to
the Federal Power Commission's
assertion that the . cheapest way to
produce electricity is with natural gas
and not hydropower.
The next highest benefit figure is for
flood control. The corps says the project
will bring in about $7.4 million annually,
or about 19 per cent of the total. .
The main thrust of this figure comes
from a concept the corps calls "direct
primary benefits," or the estimated cost
of restoration to preflood conditions.
Through a series of flood records
dating back about a century, the corps
compiles a prediction of average yearly
damages for a given area. The
prediction serves a large part in the total
flood control figure.
The less significant factor of flood
control benefits involves "secondary
benefits," or those directed toward
"goals other than economic efficiency,"
according to a 1971 engineering text
book, Economics of Water Resource
Planning, by Douglas ,L. - James and
Robert R. Lee.
The corps already has four dams on
the west branch. The corps lists as
Cost exceeds benefit
criteria for secondary benefits "the net
losses of profit on production and sales,
wages, and salaries, the increased costs
of continuing normal operations, the cost
of flood fighting and the cost of
evacuation and reoccupation of the
flooded area."
The corps has considerable autonomy
over flood control figures, experts say,
as they do in creating categories for
benefits as a whole.
For certain projects such as Keating,
the corps assigns a benefit category
called "area redevelopment," because it
has "persistent and substantial
unemployment." However, the em
ployment boon the project would create
would be temporary.
The corps says the Keating area would
prosper through additional employment
by about $2.5 million averaged over 100
years, about 7 per cent of the total.
The only other benefit for the project
deals with recreation. At a mere
$210,000, recreation benefits are hardly
significant.
Otto Eckstein, an expert on the
economics of water projects, writes that
recreation benefits are practically in
valid because they are based on ex-'
penditures people make on travel,
equipment, lodging and so forth, and not
A Teamster member checks identifications before the voting takes place. The
Teamsters, with more than 2,000 members on campus, voted to reject the Univer
sity's final offer of a 5 per cent wage hike last night and authorized leaders to call
for a strike.
Ten cents per copy
Friday, July 1, 1977
Vol. 78, No. 11 12 pages University Park, Pa. 16802
Published by Students of The Pennsylvania State University
anticipate," he said, "then it might be necessary to
change my mind "
But for now, he said, "my decision is that we should
not continue with deployment of the 81, and I am
directing that we discontinue plans for production of
this weapons system. The secretary of defense agrees
that this a preferable decision .. . . .
"Our 'Triad' concept of retaining three basic delivery
systems will be continued, with submarine-launched
ballistic missiles, ICBMs and our bomber fleet, in
cluding cruise missiles, as one of its elements.
"'We will continue thereby to have an effective and
flexible strategic force whose capability is fully suf
ficient for our national defense."
The B 1 had become on the the hottest political issues
in Washington. It was the most costly combat plane
ever built, with estimated production costs ranging
from the current Pentagon estimate of $101.7 million
per plane to an eventual $l6O million predicted by
critics.
Designed to replace the aging 852 bomber, the B 1
could carry much bigger nuclear payloads on low-level
raids designed to slip underneath Soviet radar defenses.
Supporters said the United States needed the plane to
maintain a flexible, credible deterrent in a nuclear
showdown. But critics said the Russians would have
developed defenses capable of shooting the plane down
by the time the full fleet became operational in the
1980 s.
Carter sided with the critics.
on the use of the lake the dam would
create.
The corps added a new category, or
"project purpose," to Keating last year
at the request of Maurice K. Goddard,
state secretary of the Department of
Environmental Resources. Called "low
flow augmentation," the new objective
deals with regulating the river's depth
during dry weather to reduce acid
pollution from abandoned mines and
mine waste dumps.
The corps plans to announce its find
ings on the study some time next
spring, a spokesman said So far they
are "very preliminary."
Another possible category could in
volve the construction of an "energy
park," or five coal-burning plants and
five nuclear plants near Keating that
would provide electricity for much of the
Northeast.
The cost-benefit ratio would increase
if the benefits from the pool of water
provided by the dam necessary to run
these plants were included in it, the
spokesman said. However, the matter
has been put to rest until "the power
companies say something."
A factor that could lower the benefits
is a dike-levee system the secretary of
the Army has already, approved for the
Lock Haven area. The project is in the
final debating stages in Congress, with a
ratio of 1.4. '
Ideally, cost-benefit analysis is the
best economic' tool for water projects;
however, it can and has been corrupted.
The James and Lee textbook says,
"Projects are built which are
economically infeasible because so
many politicians regard the budget for
water (projects) as a pork barrel from
which they can withdraw funds to fur
ther their 'own political interests."
John R. Daugherty, University
assistant professor of environmental
resource management, said, "The
corps' record is very, very visibly bad."
He said he has had "some experience"
with , the corps in Wyoming and once
"broke a crops project."