Impeachment
WASHINGTON (AP ) The House Judiciary Committee
completed last night the opening round in its landmark im
peachment debate, an exchange which signaled an almost cer
tain recommendation that Richard M. Nixon be removed from
the presiderfcy.
One by one, hour after hour, the 38 members delivered their
formal speeches in a presidential impeachment proceeding
that has gone further than any in a century. Many Americans
watched on television or listened on radio.
When they finished, 19 members including two
Republicans and Democratic chairman Peter W. Rodin Jr. of
New Jersey had declared their belief Nixon should be im
peached. Five other members indicated pro-impeachment
leanings
If all members vote, 20 ayes are required to approve a
resolution recommending that the full House impeach Nixon
and place him on trial in the Senate.
With the opening debate concluded, the committee was
poised for a series of votes on specific articles of im
peachment. This process was to begin today and is expected to
continue through tomorrow.
Republicans talked of an effort to postpone a final com
mittee vote for a month while new attempts were made to ob
tain White House tape recordings. But the committee's
Democratic faders opposed such a delay, virtually dodming it
to defeat. "
The committee's second-ranking Republican, Rep. Robert
=Collegian
Leaders indicate
Cyprus peace
highly possible
By THE AP
Foreign ministers of Britain, Greece
and Turkey expressed optimism yester
day as they gathered in Geneva to
negotiate a permanent peaace for
Cyprus. On the Mediterranean island it
self, a tense cease-fire remained in effect
for a third day.
Turan Gunes of Turkey said the talks
would open "under• good auspices"
because the new civilian government in
Greece gives Turkey "a negotiating part
ner." The two nations, partners in
NATO, drew close to 'war after the
Turkish invasion of Cyprus last Saturday
following the Greek-led coup- which
deposed President Makarios.
Joining Gunes for the Geneva talks to
begin last night and last about three days
were James Callaghan of Britain and
George Mavros of Greece.
Cyprus will not be represented, at least
initially. The United States, not a party to
the treaty. sent Assistant Secretary of
State William B. Buffum as an observer.
In Nicosia, the Cypriot capital, new
President Glafcos Clerides expressed lit
tle faith in the outcome of the Geneva
talks. He said a peaceful agreement
could be achieved only by talks between
the Greek and Turkish Cypriots them
selves "under the umbrella of the United
Nations."
Meantime, the possibility of internall
political trouble developed on Cyprus of-'
ter the new Greek government, which •
took over Tuesday after seven years of
military dictatorship, announced on
Wednesday its recognition of Archbishop
Makarios as the legal head of the island's
government.
$5 billion trim to fight inflation
Nixon plans budget cut
LOS ANGELES AP) President
Nixon said yesterday he aims to trim $5
billion from the fiscal 1975 budget and
continue spending restraints. He
suggested "an anti-inflation lobby ... in
every home in America" to help win the
fight against inflation.
He called on Congress, business and
labor and every family to help.
Nixon said he had no intention of re
sorting to "the discredited patent medi
cine of wage and price controls," nor
would he prime the pumps of inflation
with new deficit spending, new easing of
credit or with tax- cuts "that would only
make inflation worse."
Instead, he said he plans a ''sensible,
realistic course" and will monitor every
sector of the economy to continue
"steadily on our basic anti-inflationary
course."
Nixon made his comments in a
nationally televised speech before a
gathering of businessmen and manufac
turers at the Century Plaza Hotel.
He said he is determined to cut a
proposed fiscal 1975 budget of $305 billion
"toward a goal of $3OO billion" and will
veto congressional actions that would
raise spending above that budget.
For his own part, the President said he
has ordered a reduction of 40,000 in the
number of federal employes provided for
McClory of Illinois, prepared for introduCtirm today a sub
stitute article of impeachment accusing Nixon of having
"engaged in a pattern of conduct in violation of his, con
stitutional duties to execute faithfully" his oath of office.
Although it ticked off a series of specific offenses; the
language of McClory's proposal was broader than the two ar
ticles of impeachment placed before the committee on
Wednesday by a Democrat.
In the final hours of the day-and-night debate, Nixon's base
among committee Republicans eroded and even his staunch
est GOP supporters conceded the outcome was certain.
Several Republicans pleaded for fairness to Nixon and a
presumption of, innocence, but Democrat after Democrat
declared his impeachment was needed to restore confidence in
government.
One-Democrat injected the name of Vice President Gerald
R. Ford, saying the country would rally behind him if he suc
ceeded Nixon.
Rodino closed the debate, speaking in tured, solemn
tones as he said he will vote to recommend im chment.
The panel's ranking Republican, Edward Hutchinson of
Michigan, preceded Rodino and said the Democrat's proposal
was a "grab bag of allegations" of unproved offenses not
meeting constitutional requirements for impeachment.
Hutchinson is expected to oppose the proposal of the panel's
No. 2 Republican to replace the already-introduced Demo
cratic articles with a single impeachment count.
But Clerides, who is Cyprus' third
president in less than two weeks after the
resignation of Nikos Sampson—who was
named president after a military coup on
July 15—said it was for the people of
Cyprus to decide the presidency in an
election to be held "not later than within
a few months."
Clerides said Makarios, 61, would be
allowed to run as a candidate but warned
"it would be a very unwise, move for
Makarios to come back under the present
conditions."
Makarios, who is in New York, has said
he plans to return to Cyprus within a few
weeks, but he had no immediate re
sponse yesterday to Clerides' statement.
Callaghan said the new governments in
Greece and Cyprus were good omens for
the talks. He said the immediate aims of
the talks were to make certain the cease
fire is observed and "give a new sense of
confidence to the Greek and Turkish
communities on Cyprus."
Britain, Greece and Turkey are
guarantors of the island's independence
under a treaty that freed it from Britain
in 1960.
No major fighting was reported on
Cyprus yesterday, but a dangerous
situation continued at Nicosia In
ternational Airport where United
Nations troops stood between Turkish
and Greek Cypriot forces.
The U.N. soldiers took over the air
port's terminal on Tuesday to enforce the
cease-fire. Greek and Turkish forces
faced each other 500 yards apart on the
western edge of the airfield where ad
vancing Turkish marines supported by
armor have cut the main highway from
Nicosia to Morphou.
in the budget for the current year,
estimating "this alone will save $3OO
million."
Nixon said the federal government will
cut the growth of its spending_ and hold
down the growth of money and credit to
check private spending.
He asked state and local governments,'
businesses and consumers "to hold down
their own spending and increase their
own saving as ,heir contribution to the
fight against higher prices."
He said some Americans cannot cut
their spending without real hardship and
some businesses caabt cut v•iithOut cut
ting production now or in the future.
"But," the, President said, "most
families could reduce or defer some ex
penditures—building their savings in
stead—without hardship.
"Every business has some fat in it, just
as every federal agency has. And state
and local governments, whose spending
has been rising rapidly, should follow the
lead of the federal government in cutting
unnecessary spending."
In order to keep federal spending
down, Nixon said he would "propose
repeal of existing legislation that makes
spending mandatory," when it became
necessary. He had fought a battle with
Congress over impoundment of funds
they wanted spent in recent years.
Committee may vote on resolution today;
favorable recommendation almost certain
And we're not even on the cable! NO, HE'S NOT TRYING to watch all the soap operas at once. This technician at the University
Division of Instructional Services is checking monitoring devices before taping a module for an edu
cation of exceptional children course. UDIS provides a variety of instructional materials for Penn
State classrooms. See story page 3..
Dean: President wanted audits
WASHINGTON ( AP) John W. Dean
111 says President Nixon offered in 1972
to tell then Treasury Secretary George
P. Shultz to step in if necessary to obtain
tax audits on some of Sen. George
McGovern's presidential campaign con
tributors.
He said the President added: "And if
you have got any problems, you just
come tell, me and I will get it
straightened out."
Former White House counsel Dean
also testified that Nixon did not direct
making an alleged $75,000 hush money
payment to convicted Watergate con
spirator'E. Howard Hunt 'Jr.; but "the
President felt it was desirable" to make
the payment.
Dean appeared before the committee's
impeachment inquiry July- 11 and his
testimony was released yesterday.
Dean testified Nixon made the com
ment about having Shultz intervene after
Dean reported to the President at a Sept.
15, 1972, meeting 'that the Internal
,Revenue Service had rejected Dean's
request for the tax audits of a list of con
tributors to McGovern's campaign.
There will not be a return to price and Shultz had become head of the
wage controls, the President promised,
but he said he would use every influence
of his office "to bring about hopeful,
voluntary- restraint on the part of both
business and labor."
The nation must focus "above all on
producing more so that we can have
more goods and services without higher
prices," the President said
"He (Nixon) said something to the ef
fect, well if Shultz thinks he's been put
over there to be some sort of candy ass,
he is mistaken," Dean testified to the
House Judiciary Committee.
A number of "critical measures are
necessary" to assure a vigorous growth
of supplies, he said, pointing to
agriculture, where he promised there
would continue to be "a policy of abun
dance ... rather than a policy of scar'r
city."
Nixon said the United States also must
take all necessary steps to make sure
that it has reliable supplies of energy and
"will never again be hostage to a cut-off
of vital energy supplies by any foreign
country."
Observing that "burdensome overf
regulation based on policies designed for
an earlier era" often stifled today's
economy, the President said he had
directed "a sweeping review" of
regulatory policies to meet current.
needs.
He urged Congress to enact regulatory
reforms and pointed to some state and
local regulations such as obsolete
building codes that need updating. -
The committee is tentatively scheduled to meet from 10 a.m.
to 12:30 p.m. EDT, 2 to 7:30 p.m. and 8 to 10 p.m.
NBC-TV is to carry the proceedings live under a rotation
agreement between the networks. The. Public Broadcasting
.'System plans to televise evening sessions.
CBS radio and the national public radio system has been
carrying the debate live while other radio networks have
carried highlights.
Some of the sharpest criticism of the President cattle from
Rep. M. Caldwell Butler, a Virginia Republican, who had been
regarded as uncommitted.
If the committee fails to approve articles of impeachment,
said Butler, "we will have condoned and left unpunished a
presidential course of conduct designed to interfere with and
obstruct the very process h&is sworn to uphold."
Shortly before Butler spoke during the nationally broadcast
colloquy, Rep. Lawrence J. Hogan, R-Md., said "It is im
possible for me to condone or ignore the long train of abuses to
which he ( Nixon) has subjected the presidency."
Two days ago, Hogan told a news conference he planned to
vote for impeachment.
In a dramatic, unexpected announcement, Rep. Harold V.
Froehlich, R-Wis., said, "I mist confess I am deeply pained
and troubled by some of the things I see," referring to the
Watergate cover-up.
With his voice cracking, Froehlich concluded, "I am con
cerned about impeaching the President for his actions ... My
Texas convicts hold hostages
HUNTSVILLE, Tex. ( AP) Armed
convicts held 10 persons at a state prison
unit for the second day yesterday with
their leader demanding guns and am
munition and threatening death to the
hostages.
Negotiations continued and several
morning ultimatum deadlines passed
without incident, authorities said.
Guards armed with rifles and shotguns
ringed the brick fortress while prison
system authorities prepared to send in
more arms and ammunition demanded
by the seven inmates.
The convicts, led by former Texas nar
cotics czar Fred Gomez Carrasco,
demanded delivery of the weaponS, "free
world clothing" and protective vests.
The hostages are prison system
schoolteachers and librarians mostly
middle-aged • women and a prison
guard.
"I think he'll kill those people if he's
pushed against the wall," said
Carrasco's lawyer James R. Gillespie.
Gillespie represented Carrasco at the
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Vol. 75, No. 21 8 pages University Park, Pennsylvania
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Treasury Department, which includes
the IRS, three months earlier.
"The President became quite an
noyed," Dean testified.
He asserted Nxion launched a long
discussion about the IRS "and not using
it effectively arid from there we im
mediately went to the fact that we were
not using the entire apparatus of the
government effectively and the changes
that would be made after the election."
Dean said IRSlCommissioner Johnnie
Walters still refused .to audit the
McGovern contributors when Dean tried
again after the meeting with Nixon.
Dean said he 'did not know whether
Nixon ever told Shultz to have the audits
conducted.
He said former Nixon aide John D.
Ehrlichman had told him to make the
initial request to Walters. Walters theb
had Shultz officially back up the IRS's
trial in which Carrasco pleaded guilty to
assault to murder a San Antonio police
lieutenant and received a life prison
term.
Ron Taylor, director of information for
She Texas prison system, denied reported
inmate claims made by telephone that
they had executed one hostage.
Gillespie said Carrasco, 34, told him by
telephone from the third-floor library
that he would rather die than continue
living "a dog's life" in prison.
Carrasco told newsmen by telephone
he has no intention of completing a life
prison term.
"What is the sense of living when you
are caged up like an animal? I'm not
the type of man who can live life be
hind bars."
Should he gain freedom, Carrasco said
he might flee to Cuba. "Maybe Castro
would give me a piece of sugar cane," he
quipped.
The mustachioed three-time loser said
he doesn't want to harm his hostages but
would kill. them "If need be ... if I am
decision awaits the final wording of the articles of im
peachment and the remaining debate."
Many members withheld judgment as they made their 15-
minute opening statements, instead emphasizing the historic
import and heavy burden of the ever-nearer decision.
In addition to Hogan and Butler, the most recent
declarations came from Reps. George Danielsqn of California,
John Seiberling of Ohio and Robert F. Drinan of Massachu
setts, who was one of the first members of the House to file an
impeachment resolution.
In addition, two other Republicans indicated they could be
leaning toward supporting impeachment.
Rep. William S. Cohen of Maine, in a speech highly critical of
the actions of the Nixon administration, rejected arguments
that the only ground for impeachment is a violation of a
criminal law.
But Cohen, long regarded as leaning toward impeachment,
stopped just short of saying how he planned to vote.
While Danielson was speaking, the session was briefly in
terrupted once again by an anonymous call warning that there
was a bomb in the room. Two such calls were recce red
Wednesday night. Nothing was found after any of the calls.
The views of most of the committee members have become
well-known in the weeks, since the impeachment inquiry began
and most of the interest centered on members like Butler and
Cohen whose votes were considered uncertain.
refusal to make the audits, Dean said
On the alleged hush money, Dean con
tended he went into the now famous
March 21, 1973 meeting intending to con
vince Nixon that what he called the
blackmail money should not be paid but
"I came out having been turned around.
"I had the impression," he testified,
"that one, I had not convinced the
President that that should not be done;
two, that he had persuaded me that it
was something that was going to be done.
but three, I had no responsibility for it."
itanscripts show that Dean told Nixon
at the meeting that Hunt had threatened
to disclose White House plumbers'
operations, including the burglary of the
office of Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist, if
the money was not paid. Hunt has said
Dean misunderstood and that it was not a
blackmail threat but for counsel fees
provoked ; "
WardA H. •H. Husbands and W. J
Estelle, director of the Texas Depart
ment I .of Corrections, have refused in
tervietvs about their telephone talks with
Carrasco.
Carrasco has demanded and been
given bedding, food, medicine, cigarettes
and a television set which receives only a
local channel.
The convicts were armed with three
pistols which officials say apparently
were smuggled inside. Prison guards are
not armed while inside the Walls Unit, as
the main section is known, and
authorities have not determined how
they obtained the arms.
Today partially cloudy and mild, high
in the mid to upper 70s. Tonight and
tomorrow mostly cloudy and mild with a
chance of showers and thundershowers.
Low tonight in the low 50s. High Saturday
in the mid to high 70s.
3 COPIES
Weather
STATE C
PA. 11
PERMIT