TUESDAY: MAY 22. 1956
RR 'Right-to-Work' Laws
Defeated in High Court
WASHINGTON, May 21 M—State "right to work" laws
as applied in the railroad industry fell today before a 9-0
Supreme Court ruling.
State laws banning union shops in other industries were
not affected.
The decision upheld a 1951 amendment of the National
Civil Rights
Bill Attacked
By South
WASHINGTON, May 21 (4 3 )
Southern members of the House
Judiciary Committee today at
tacked the Eisenhower civil rights
bill as "absolutely shocking" and
providing for . a "frankenstein"
threat against state and local gov
ernments.
Seven members of the commit
tee, including six Democrats and
one Virginia Republican, signed
a strongly worded minority report
against an administration bill ap
proved by the committee April 25.
The measure ' has yet to win
Rules Committee clearance for a
House vote. Its,iprovisions, recom
mended by Atty. Gen. Herbert J.
Brownell, include:
1. Authority for the president
to set up a bipartisan commission
to study the civil rights problem.
2. Creation of a special civil
rights division tin the Justice De
partment headed by an assistant
attorney general.
3. Opening of the federal courts
to broader civil rights actions.
Anyone who felt his civil rights
were being curtailed could seek a
remedy in federal court without
having, as now required, to ex
haust state court remedies first.
Also the U.S. Justice Department
could take the case to court for
him in his name.
The Southerners vigorously de
nounced all three provisions and
attacked a majority committee re
port.
St. Louis Profs
Record Bomb Blast
ST. LOUIS, May 21 (JP)—Two
seismographs at St. Louis Univer
sity recorded the hydrogen bomb
explosion near Bikini Atoll as
"very slight disturbances" here.
Ross R. Heinrich, director of
geophysics at the university's In
stitute of Technology, said today
the explosion was recorded 13
minutes after the blast.
"Time of the recording is about
correct for the 6500 miles the
ground wave had to travel," Hein
rich said. "If the disturbance had
shown on only one instrument
we might have attributed it to a
local shock.
Chinese Communists
HONG 'GONG, May 21 (4)—The
Chinese Communists say they
have finished a 14-mile causeway
from. the mainland to the heavily
fortified island port of Amoy on
the southeast coast. This will
make it easier for the Reds to
bring up ammunition for the shell
ing of the Chinese Nationalists on
nearby Quemoy Island.
H-Bomb Test Analysis Begins
BIKINI, Tuesday, May 21
(JP)—Nuclear scientists today
began a detailed analysis of
what the first American air
dropped H-bomb did when it
exploded two miles above a test
target island in the mid-Pacific
yesterday.
The scientists sought most of
their answers in the huge amount
of data gathered by a vast array
of recording ii.strurnentg set up
on Namu, the target island, on
other islands of Bikini Atoll and
taken through the huge atomic
cloud of airplanes.
• The nuclear weapon test task
force, headed by Rear Adm. B.
Hall Hanlon, concealed behind
brief, laconic language all tech
nical details that - might be of
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN. STATE COLLEGE PENNSYLVANIA
Railway Labor Act which author
izes the railroads and labor unions
to enter into union shop agree
ments, state laws to the contrary
notwithstanding.
Must Join Union
Under the union shop, a worker,
must join within 60 days the un- 1
ion which holds collective bar
gaining rights for his craft or class
of workers, or lose his job.
Eighteen states have laws ban
ning membership or membership
in unions as a condition to holding
a job. Proponents call them "right
to work" laws. Some union leaders
I described them as "right to scab"'
laws. •
Except as applied in the rail
road industry the state "right to
work" laws remain intact. The
Taft-Hartley Act permits union
shop agreements, but specifies
this does not apply in states
which have laws prohibiting
them.
Overturned Ruling
The decision overturned a ril
ing .by the Nebraska Supreme
Court that the state's "right to
work" law superseded the Rail
way Labor Act's union shop
amendment.
The Nebraska court ruled in a
case brought by a group of Union
Pacific Railroad employes who
did not want to have to join a
union. The decision was appealed
by 16 nonoperating labor organ
izations which have negotiated
union shop agreements with the
Union Pacific.
Cypriots Bomb
British Troops
NICOSIA, Cyprus, May 21 (.4 ) )—
Cypriot rebels hiding among riot
ing schoolgirls tossed bombs at
British troops trying to restore or
der in Nicosia today, killing one
Briton and wounding three others.
Bomb splinters injured seven
Greek Cypriot civilians in nearby.
shops, and two policemen.
British reinforcements ringed
the riot area an effort to trap
the bomb throwers. As tear gas
clouds cleared later a grim silence
settled over the sunny city. Tour
ing police loudspeaker vans an
nounced that an indefinite curfew
had been ordered.
PhiKPhi Initiates
Include Dean, Prof-
Dr. Eric A. Walker, dean of the
College of Engineering and Archi
tecture, Dr. Miriam E. Lowen
berg, professor and head of the
department of foods and nutri
tion, and 91 alumni, undergradu
ates, and graduate students will
be initiated by Phi Kappa Phi,
national scholastic honor society,
tonight in the Hetzel Union Build
ing.
Following the ceremonies, Dean
Walker will address the group at
dinner, in a speech entitled
"Wanted—Eggheads and Long
hairs."
use to any enemy.
A short communique, written
last night, reached the observer
ship as she neared Kwajalein this
morning homeward bound. It said
only:
1. "There was little construction
on Namu and thus little damage
can be reported. Various effects
on structures on nearby islands
suffered varying degrees of dam
age depending on proximity to
the target island."
2. Fallout of radioactivity
from the towering bomb cloud
—which unofficially was esti
mated to have reached a height
of about 25 miles—drifted clear
of all . people ashore or afloat.
There no increase in radia
tion in the Marshall Islands
generally and The fallout on
Bikini Atoll "wk relatively
A note appended to Fay's story
French Continue
Hunt for Assassin
In Alders' Hills
ALGIERS, May 21 01—Three
infantry battalions searched the
rocky hills east of Algiers today
for a rebel band which killed- and
mutilated 19 young French re
servists Friday. Fifty rebels were
reported killed and 200 suspects
arrested as the riflemen moved
ahead with the support of tanks
and helicopters.
The killing of the reservists
has pushed tempers high in Al
giers and in Paris. All of the
19 men—two others still_ are
listed as missing—were from
the Paris region and had been
back in uniform less than three
weeks.
They set out Friday on a recon
naissance mission toward one of
the little groups of clay and
thatch huts nestled on a mountain
side near Palestro, some 30 miles
east of Algiers in the great Kaby
lie Mountains. As near, as
mili
tary officers can reconstruct the
scene, they first drew fire from
the surrounding heights as they
labored up a mountain path
hemmed in by rocks. Barbed wire
was strung up after their passage
to cut off a retreat.
French officials said civilians
of the village helped in the am
bush and disfiguration of the
bodies.
French troops also launched a
clean up around Philippeville af
ter 17 Arabs were found dead in
a village within five miles of
that port city. Seven children and
several women were among the
victims. There was no indication
of a motive, except that the rebels
usually choose their Arab vic
tims among persons suspected to
being friendly to Frenchmen.
Coffee Brands
Hiked in Price
By Maior Producers
NEW YORK, May 21 (JP)—You
will probably be paying a higher
price soon for a pound of your
favorite coffee.
Producers of major brands to
day hiked their wholesale prices
as much as four cents a pound.
Spokesmen for several of the big
supermarket chains said the in
creases are certain to be passed
on to retail consumers but it may
take 10 to 14 days. The chains
kept mum about what they would
do with their own private brands.
General Foods Corp. initiated
the new round of price boosts, lift
ing the wholesale price of its Max
well House vacuum-packed coffee
two cents a pound to 99 cents.
This almost wiped out a price cut
of three cents a pound made last
March.
Mentzer Elected
Orchestra Head
Thomas Mentzer, sophomore in
physics from Lebanon, has been
elected president of the Sym
phony Orchestra.
Others elected were: Virginia
Mensch, sophomore in music edu
cation from Bellefonte, secretary
treasurer; John Croft, junior in
music education from Altoona,
manager; and Jere Fridy, junior
in music education from Palmyra,
librarian.
said he was leaving the Mt. Mc-
Kinley immediately to board a
plane for Honolulu. This indicated
that the 10 to 12 other tests of
atomic devices scheduled for this
summer would not be public.
Even though long analysis of
photographic blast heat and
other recordings would be need
ed to tell American weaponeers
the exact effect of the first
American air-dropped hydrogen
bomb. it was possible to make
some unofficial estrniates of •
"what would have happened if a
city instead of a deserted atoll
had been beneath the bomb
when it detonated at an alti
tude of about 10.000 feet.
The bomb was believed to have
released energy equivalent to
about 10 million tons of TNT.
The fireball of the bomb was ap
proximately three miles in diam
eter.
Campbell Charges
Foreign Aid Abuse
WASHINGTON, May 21 (in—The government's comp
troller general, Joseph Campbell, said today that foreign aid
managers often get more money than they can handle prop
erly.
As an illustration, he said, the Defense Department held
on to 400 million dollars of aid money that, unspent, should
have been returned to the Treas
ury.
Reports to Congress
It is the duty of the comptroller
general to report to Congress on
the way appropriations are spent.
Campbell appeared before the
Senate Foreign Relations Commit
tee in its study of an administra
tion proposal to eliminate the,
practice of carrying over unspent,
funds from one fiscal year to an
other.
Campbell testified:
"A significant portion of the an
nual aid programs proposed to
the Congress for the past few
years has been beyond the capa
city if the agency and the reci
pient countries to get under way
during the fiscal year for which
the funds were appropriated."
Sl.B Biiiion Left Over
He said that at the end of the
fiscal year last June 30, there was
$l.B billion left over and $2.2 bil
lion the year before.
Campbell said the International
Cooperation Administration, which
runs the foreign aid program, has
shown a lack of adequate plan
ning and "apparently does not
consider realistically the avail
able resources and capabilities of
both the United States and the
individual recipient countries."
As for the $4OO million he said
the Pentagon has held on to,
Campbell said this represented a
violation of law which Defense
Department has attempted to ex
plain away with technicalities.
Pifer Gets Scholarship
The College of Home Economics
has awarded Patricia Pifer, senior
in home economics from State
College, the Ellen M. Stuart Me
morial Award of $75.
Postponement Asked
On Turnpike Toll Change
HARRISBURG, May 21 (Ill—Joseph J. Lawler, secretary of high
ways and a member of the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission, said
today he would recommend postponing a toll revision on the super
highway.
Under present plans, automob
would increase by 41 'per cent, e
reduced about 20 per cent.
Lawler said he would ask Chair
man G. Franklin McSorley and
Commissioner James F. Torrance
to join with him in postponing the
rate changes until at least July 15.
Thee were indications that the
commission would go along. Law
ler met with Gov. Leader for more
than three hours on the subject.
There was no comment from the
governor.
Should Hold Up Fazes
Lawler said the commission
should hold up the revised fares
pending a study and report of
the entire operation of the com
mission by a competent firm of
industrial engineers!'
The Senate only last week or
dered an investigation of the toll
rate change, the size of which
commission officials have declined
to estimate on a dollars and cents
basis.
Lawler, in explaining his pre
vious vote for the fare changes,
said:
Reason for Voting
"My only reason for voting for
the toll revision was to forestall
a legal action by the trustee fur
the bondholders to compel the
commission to adjust the tolls."
The highways secretary said he
BELLEFONTB Ad u lt s ss e . child. ne
PLAZASTARTS TODAY
til Robert Tailor -. Stewart Cr
"LAST HUNT"
1 in Cinernasen9e!
BELLEFONTE
I TONITE i WED. NITE STATE
Marilyn Monroe Robert blitebom
**RIVER OF NO RETURN" 11!
able Spencer Tracy "Broken Lance ,"1 -
(both in Cineessecepe!)
PAGE THREE
Compromise
Reached on
Farm Bill
WASHINGTON, May 21 (k')—
Senate-House conferees on the
farm bill were reported late to
day to have agreed tentatively
on a compromise which would
give the administration largely
what it wants on the key question
of feed grains,
Sen. Allen J. Ellender (D-La),
chairman of the conferees, would
say only after the 2 1 / 2 .-hour ses
sion that, "We have discussed
various proposals and I'm sure
we can reach an agreement to
morrow morning."
But from other sources it was
learned that a compromise of this
sort appeared to be in the mak
ing:
1. The House conferees would
accept the Senate version of price
supports for feed grains oats.
barley, rye and sorghums. The
administration strongly opposed
the House plan.
2. The Senate conferees would
give in to the House on the ques
tion of when the $1.200,000,000
a-year soil bank would be effec
tive.
3. The Senate conferees would
agree to drop two controversial
wheat provisions written into the
bill on the floor just before it was
passed last Friday.
le fares on the 400-mile toll road
fective May 25, with truck fares
already has drafted a resolution
pointing out that the commission
itself might "effect substantially
savings" by a reappraisal of com
mission services and the curtail•
ment of unnecessary expenditures.