PAGE SIX
Marshall Plan
(This is the, sixth in a series of articles about world problems
containing information gathered by members of the International
Relations Club).
By DAVE COLTON
June 5, 1947, Secretary of State George C. Marshall suggested a
plan fbr aiding Europe which has become known as the European
Recovery Program. The idea for this plan was presented to Congress
December 19, 1947, and signed by President Truman April 3, 1948.
THE RECOVERY PROGRAM was designated to accomplish two
purposes. First, it was intended to aid recovery of the participating
countries as soon as possible, so these countries could become inde
pendent and not require long-terth American relief. The second goal
of ERP was to strengthen Western Europe economically and politic
ally against Russian aggression.
The ERP enco untered
, ?s trenuous opposition in Congress, and
the first appropriation was cut from $6.8 billion to $5.3 billions.
Stipulations concerning shipment of essential war materials to the
United States for stockpiling, and protective provisions regarding
resale of critical materials to Communist countries were added to
the program.
Paul G. Hoffman, president of Studebaker Corporation was ap
pointed administrator of the recovery program. • Mr. Hoffman found
it necessary to supply food in larger quantities than had been antici
pated, but as the countries slowly recovered this burden decreased,
and it became possible to supply larger amounts of capital goods.
ANOTHER ASPECT of the plan was the proposal of greater
economic cooperation between the participating nations 'of Western
Europe, and the formation of a Western European Economic triton.
This has become one of the greatest stumbling blocks to the fulfill
ment of the aims of the program. The European countries have es
tablished trade barriers, and have displayed a lack of willingness to
cooperate. .
• During March, 1949, an additional $4 billion was granted to
ERP, and Mr. Hoffman gave an account of the effects of , the plan.
Europe was in better condition, production was rising, and focid
was more plentiful, he said.
At first, reconstruction was the principal aim of the plan, but
I now the integration of European trade has become the major prob
lem. Currently under consideration' is a payments union which
would act as a clearing house. Through this union the central banks
of the participating countries would be' able to settle their accounts
with one another.
CONGRESS NOW is considering a new Marshall Plan appropria
tion of $2.9 billions. Congressmen seem dubious about granting aid
without promises of integration of the European economy. Another
roadblock to the appropriation is the political situation" in Great
Britain.
College opinion concerning the granting of additional aid seems
divided. Half of the people questioned think the appropriation
should be passed, but some believe that valuable goods are falling
into Communist hands. One .of the European exchange students
Said Ire thought the Marshall Plan has done much toward recovery
of Europe and is slowly achieving its ultimate goal.
(Material gathered by Donald Sloughfy, member of the IRC.
Orchestra Members
Attend Festival
Six members of the college
symphony orchestra are attend
ing a three-day collegiate or
chestra festival at Indiana State
Teachers College, Indiana, Pa.
The group chosen to represent
the College includes Barbara
Thomas, Alan Bueck, Jack Reen,
Louella Elmunds, Anna Belle
Russell and Wallace Schlagel.
Colleges in the area are send
ing representatives to the festi
val which will • conclude with a
concert Friday night under the
direction of Dr. Lewis Wersen,
superintendent of music in Phila
delphia city schools.
News Briefs
Employment
Students who are remaining
in State College for the Spring
vacation and want part time em
ployment are asked to register
at the Student Employment Of
fice in Old Main.
Graduate Club
The next Graduate Club social
will be a cabin party Sunday,
April 16, at the PSCA cabin.
Cars will leave from Old Main
at 3 p.m. Reservations should be
made at the PSCA office by
Thursday, April 13.
Pan-American Banquet
A Pan-American banquet will
be held at the Allencrest Tea
room at 7 p.m. April 12 as part
of Pan-American week. The
speaker will be Major George
S. Denithorne. Tickets will be
on sale at the Student Union
deslf. for $1.50. Faculty and stu
dents are invited to attend, and
faculty members may obtain
tickets by calling Eileen Glinn
or William H. Gray, exchange
148.
Military Engineers
Robert W. Houseworth was
elected president at a recent
meeting of the Society of Ameri
can Military Engineers. Other of
ficers for next year include Ed
ward Ruch, vice president; and
Harry Ankeny, secretary-treas
urer.
Pepinsky Constructs Electric .
Brain For Atom Calculations
By JULIA IBBOTSON
The depressing prospect of a
lifetime of mathematical compu
tation discouraged the young
scientist. He decided to build an
"electric brain."
Two-and-one-half years of
work plus a large financial grant
froth the Navy turned that
scientist's dream into a reality.
This autumn, in three moving
vans and two freight cars, Dr.
Raymond Pepinsky brought his
electronic computer to Room 6
Osmond :Lab.
Dictionaries of science classify
Doctor Pepinsky's work as "crys
tallography." • Alarmingly bi g
word. Yet, it deals with the small
est of existing things, the atom.
Atoms join hands in all sorts
of arrangements to form mole
cules. Some "twin" . molecules
contain the same combination of
atoms; for instance, honey and
corn sugar. The molecules differ
only in arrangement of their
atoms. Crystallography—there's,
that word again—tries to iiiscover,
the molecular structure by x-rayi.
Calculations of the molecular
structure formerly required
months to years. Doctor Pepin
sky's machine whizzes through
the work in minutes. The . mech- -
anical ."mind" reduces a lifetime
of . work to an afternoon.
To look at - the computer itself
is to be impressed. The huge de
vice fills t w o medium-sized
THE DAILY COLLEGIAN, STATE COLLEGE, PENN
Riding Club
To Sponsor
Horse Show
The first annual horse show of
the Riding Club is slated 'for
Saturday and Sunday, May 6 and
7. Plans for the show are now
under way. •
While some events will be re
stricted to students at ,the Col
lege, others will be open to riders
from all over the State College
district, Capt. Gregory Gargarin,
the College's riding instructor,
announced.
Trophies and ribbons will be
awarded in all classes. Horse
manship classes Will be judged
on form, seat, hands and gener
al' management, with the hunt
er, jumper, saddlehorse and open
sections to be decided under Am
erican Horse Show Association
rules.
Entries for the show should be
sent to Margaret Warner, 435
McElwain, by April 28.
MI Library Adds
Portuguese Atlas
A reproduction of a Portugese
Atlas, dated 1571, has been added
to the library of the School of
Mineral Industries at the College,
The frontispiece and a chart of
Latin America taken ;from the
Atlas is now on display in the
rotunda of the MI building.
The Atlas, made by Fernao vaz
Dourado, consists "of all king
doms, lands, rivers, and islands
of the whole round earth, with
altitudes and orientations made
in squares."
The original copy of the Atlas
is located in the National Archives
at Torre de Tombo, Portugal.
rooms. Observers have compared
it to "walls of domino-like
panels," or to "a giant switch
board which weaves in and out
like a lunch-room counter."
The screen upon ;which the
molecular pattern is shown re
sembles a television screen., •
In February, Room 6 ,Osmond
Lab will hold open house. All
Penn State students_ will be in,
vited to visit their X-ray Crystall
ography Lab, described by Doc
tor Pepinsky as "the .finest iri
the country and •one of the finest
in the world."
Libraries To Hold
Regional Meeting
Discussion of the resources of
Pennsylvania's libraries and of
possibilities and methods of co
operation. will 'highlight a re
gional meeting' of the College
and Reference section of the
Pennsylvania • Library . Associa
lion, to lie held at the ' College
April 22: •
Resources of • Pennsylvania's
libraries outside .of the Pitts
burgh and Philadelphia areas
will , lie' discussed at 'the morning
session; with reports by Harold
Hayden, Bucknell Lillian Evans,
Juniata; S. K. Stevens, State his-
Orian; anal M. Lucille Jackson,
chemistry and physics librarian
at the College.
LVANIA
CliquesßedrawLines
In Postwar Politics
(This is the third in a series of articles tracing the history and
dovelopmant. of student politics at Penn State since the war.)
By JACK BODDINGTON
' Following the lindslide victory of the Nittany Independent cli
que in the fall of 1948, new party lines had to be hastily drawn in
preparation for the new campaign that spring, the time of elections
having been changed. •
The Daily Collegian, February 12, 1947, issued in its 'editorial
columns an appeal to the parties, requesting that they let the student
• ody know what was
,going on
within campus political• circles.
In response came news that
new clique, the State party, had
been formed and would function
in the aproaching campaign.
No more 'was heard from the
defeated Campus-Key , group and
it was' evident that elements of
that party formed the nucleus, of
the neW
. clique. This relationship,
however, was - not" official.
Representation
In a letter • -to - Collegian, the
new party announced its inten
tion to institute a program of
equal representation within the
clique. Said party. officials: "The
voting system puts all fraternities
on an equal basis, and also per
mits independent , students to
have 'group representation for the
first time. "
The validity of this claim was
challenged in a letter froin the
Nittany Independents wh o
claimed they already provided
such a representative system.
Aside from the election of new
clique officers, the Nittany In
dependents maintained essen—
tially the same party structure:
ideas for platform planks were
publicly requested by the NI cli
que, bringing forth an editorial
reminding the party that many
of its previous promiseg had not
been fulfilled and suggesting that
further, action on these points be
taken.
Platforms
When platforms finally appear
ed, they contained. planks deal
ing with the long-hanging Stu
dent Union building 'issue, a
dating code, a book exchange,
NSA support, racial discrimina
tion and student-faculty rela
tions. Neither party' outlined a
specific prokram for attaining its
goals.
The campaign •itself was • a
quiet one, although several, let
ters were published openly ques
tioning the interest and capability
of several State party candidates.
Such tactics were to no avail,
however, for the student , veters
handed the Nittany Independents
a. defeat. even more •impressive
than , their-:fall. victory. Only one
NT candidate was put into• office
—one who 'had been buried by
the party because it was felt his
chancAs were slim.
"Tried To DO Something!'
' Time,' hoivever, proved he•com
mended • the respect of all stu-
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Give. Her 1400: Candy
frorii...:McLANAHAWS
Eggs 6 . Bo;c:ed Chocolates
Easter Novelties
Norris
• Whitman's
•Fanny.
E Farmer
'A Large. Selection of Hallmark Easter
.
Greeting Cards
...
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:MO-A NAHAN".S...
FRIDAY, MARCH 31, 1950
dents, whether State or NI sym
pathizers. It was said that he was
the type who "tried to do some
thing, even when it meant step
ping on political toes."
One victor expiessed an .atti
tude which many held sadly
lacking in student affairs.. He
had previously labeled student
politics as "kidstuff" but "de
cided it was better to be on the
inside doing something than on
the outside • criticizing."
Next article: The new 'era
continues.
Advtrtising Group
To Take Field , Trip
Alpha Delta Sigma, national
professional advertising frater
nity, and the department of
Journalism will conduct a three,
day field trip in Pittsburgh,
starting April 10. The schedule
of. tours includes the Tarenturn
Valley News, television stati on •
WDTV, radio station KDKA,
the Pittsburgh Press, Ketchum,
MacLeod & Grove advertising ,
agency, and • Gardner Display
outdoor advertising agency. •
Students going on the trip are
William Cosgrove, John Ernst,
Louis Gilbert, John Dempsey,
Peter Kalandiak, :Male .Johnson,
Claude Di Pasquale„ .Richard
Yeagley, Mark Arnold, Robert
.Clarke, Richard Hoffman, James
Cochrane, Joseph Lordem'a n,
Marlin Weaver, William .3.4 al
ter, Donald Baker, Carl Lucyk,
Jacob Meckler, David Schmuck
ler, James Cleaver, Raymond
Beisswanger, and Walter
nolds.. -
THE
PRESBYTERIAN
CHURCH
Frazier St. & Beaver Ave:
MORNING WORSHIP 10:45
"The Christian, The Crass, and
ForgiVing Love" Rev. An
drew E. Newcomer Jr. •
EVENING WORSHIP 71 . 30
"The Privileges'-of. Discipline
ship" Rev. Andrew E. New
comer Jr.
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