FRIDAY, AUGUST 10, 1945
Viennese Art Educator
Teaches Summer Session
"An art teacher must be a psychologist as well as an instruc
tor in the techniques of art," declared Dr. Viktor Lowenfeld, em
inent Viennese psychologist, now teaching art education at the Col-
lege for the summer session.
• "It is impossible to know children and their desires without
being familiar with their psychology," Dr. Lowenfeld, a member of
the faculty tat Hampton Institute,
Va., went on to say, "and at pres
ent I am very much concerned
with understanding children and
youths in relation to their creative
work in art "
When a child scribbles, he is
learning the connection between
his motions and the signs he makes
on paper, declared Dr. Lowen
feld. This, is the same principle of
motor coordination concerned 'with
the child's being taught how to
eat. Thus psychology and art are
equally important to bring out the
creative qualities which are in
nate in every •child, he explained.
Dr. Lowenfeld, born in Linz,
Austria, was educated in Vienna
at the famous Kunstgewerbeschull,
at the Academy of 'Fine Arts, and
at the University of Vienna, where
he received his final degree
equivalent to doctor 'of education.
Working to 'bring out the artis
tic talent of the Regro not only
for the sake of art but as a matter
of self-expression to the Negro
himself, Dr. Lowenfeld points out
that art has proven a great bene
fit in terms of racial cooperation.
For example, he recently put on
exhibit some of the works of his
students from Hampton Institute
in the Virginia Museum of Fine
Arts, 'Richmond. The exhibit at
tracted so much attention that
several prominent people in the
city gave a reception for the tal
ented Negro students. Recognition,
unheard of before, was gained for
the Negroes of Hampton.
Dr. Lowenfeld divides people
into three groups, hapticals, vis
uals, and in-betweens. He states
that hapticals think in abstract
terms about experiences which re
fer to the body; visuals, on the
other, hand, think in less abstract
terms about experiences seen by
the eyes. Hapticals, since they
Must depend on touch impressions,
make the best surgeons, pianists,
and typists; visuals, since they de
pend almost wholly upon sight
impressions, always • make good
surveyors, architects, and engi
neers.
• In relation to art, Dr. Lowenfeld
explained that visuals are sensi
tive to colors and place objects in
the background which are farth
est away from the eye; hapticals,
however, often cannot see shades
of 'color and place objects in the
background which are. least im
portant. Thus with visuals the po
sition of the objects in the paint
ing is a matter 'of perspective,
while with hapticals it is a mat
ter d importance.
In connection with this theory,
as explained in his latest book,
"The Nature of Creative Activ
ity," Dr. Lowenfeld designed tests
which enable him to discriminate
between visuals and hapticals. He
stated that these tests, which the
U. S. Air Forces are now using,
are extremely important in the
post-war choosing of occupations.
Summing up his findings, on
the basis of over a thousand of
these tests, Dr. Lowenfeld states
that one person „in four is haptical,
For. Your Fall Wardrobe
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—Photo By Cheyne
Dr. Viktor Lowenfeld
* .
two are visuals, and the other is
in-4between.
"In testing art students, if they
are stimulated as customary, only
the visuals respond," emphasized
Dr. Lowenfeld, who came across
his theory while working with
blind children. "Thus art educa
tors frustrate all the hapticals,
who make up 25 per cent of those
tested," he said.
In conclusion, Dr. Lowenfeld
explained that modern expressive
art is haptical; therefore visual
minded people prefer impression
istic art.
Common Sense Features
Negro Relations Movie
Common Sense will show the
movie "George Washington Car
ver" at its next meeting, in 10
Sparks, 7 p. m., Wednesday. This
movie of the prominent promoter
of Negro rights will open , a series
of five meetings which will dis
cuss solely the prc4blem of Negro
racial relations.
Discussions will take into con
sideration the existing problems
in this country and the techniques
that . are in use to deal with
them. The five specific problems
to be discussed will be chosen
from suggestions of members at
the next meeting on Wednesday.
lAt each of the five meetings
the aim of the discussion will be
directed towards trying to over
come the difficulties of the situa
tion in question. To deal with each
of these problems of Negro rela
tions there will be an attempt to
employ accuracy, intellectual
honest y, openmindedness, sus
pended judgement, true cause and
effect relationships, self-analysis,
and self criticism.
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$4OOO Given
To Lingnan
During the past year, Penn
State chapel-goers have for the
second time contributed a total
of $4OOO to Penn State-in-China,
the university which war has
chased from two locations but
which is still flourishing in Free
China.
Lingnan University was origin
ally founded in 1884 by a Pres
byterian missionary and had no
contact with the College. However.
it wasn't until 1907 that it organ
ized its firSt college freshman
class, since it first had to educate
the Chinese to the college level.
Just at that time G. 'Weidman
("Daddy") Groff was a Penn
Sate senior intensely interested in
the future of the Far East.
In affiliating himself with Ling
flan, "Daddy" began the relation
ship which has continued for 32
years as "Penn State in China."
The primary educational need in
China was instruction in modern
agriculture, and this was the sort
of help that Penn State was best
a'ble to • give. This, plus chapel
collections and other voluntary
contributions, as well . as the ser
vice of numerous Penn State grad
uates who have gone to China,
has made up the College's part
of Lingnan University.
MODERN HOME CAMPUS-
The university's home campus
was a 560-acre site in Canton,
with 'lOO modern fire-proof build
ings. It was - one of the show
places of- East Asia. Normal en
rollment was 630 in the university,
.800 in the surbordinate schools
which included all pre-college
levels.
The war first reached Lingnan
in 119 37 - 38, when it continued on
its own campus in spite of Jap
anese bombs. In September, 1938,
it opened with the largest enroll
ment in its history, and in Octo
ber the Japanese took Canton.
The university evacuated its stu
dent body, most of its Chinese
faculty, and the larger part of the
American community to Hong
kong, where it made use of the
British Colonial Institution, Hong
kong University, during the after
noon and evening hours.
For three and a half years the
university stayed at Hong Kong,
during which time it pushed its
enrollment much above the pre
vious record. But gradually the
desire to transfer to a free home
land took hold of the university,
and the College of Agriculture
was transferred to northern
Kwangtung Province. Shortly af
terward, an incident on a Sunday
morning in December sent the
staff of the university out of oc
cupied Hongkonk, through the
Japanese lines to •a site in
Kwangtung.
)1500 ENROLLED AT !COLLEGE
The university now has an en
rollment of more than 500, and
in Canton a few of the staff
members have remained to take
care of the campus. Recently,
First Anniversary Dance
Informal
Senate Group Approves
Radio Club Organization
The Senate Committee on
Student Welfare approved the
organization of a radio club with
Eleanor Phillips as chairman, up
on the petition of a group of stu
dents.
The club, whose name has not
been decided, has been formed
for the purposq of studying radio
program techniques. They will
present radio programs whenever
the opportunity presents itself
over local stations.
The club's officers will consist
of president, vice-president, secre
tary, treasurer, business manager,
production engineer, and director.
The committee approved for the
present the existing interfratern
ity dating code, with minor
changes.
The Senate group added im
petus to a proposed drive by the
Alumni Association to obtain
funds for three new buildings, in
cluding a Student Union build
ing, by recognizing the need for
the 'buildings and directing the
committee secretary to commend
the Association and urge it to go
ahead.
however, the Japanese military
set up a make-believe university
on the Canton campus.
Penn State students, Dr. Henry
S. Brunner, chairman of the local
Penn State-In-China committee,
says, should not think that their
contributions to Lingnan arc
charity donations, but should
realize that Lingnan is a manifes
f-qtinn of the Penn State spirit in
th Far East.
Dennis Morgan, and Barbara Stanwyck as they appear totegher in
Warners'. sparkling comedy-romance, "Christmas in Connecticut,"
now playing at the Cathaum Theatre. Also starred in the film
is Sydney Greenstreet.
Dick Berge Orchestra
Class of 1900
Aid the Weary
Benches, benches, benches, and
more benches. There will be 50
benches on campus by next sum
mer, Mrs. 3. W. Henszey, secre
tary of the class of 1900, said to
day.
The benches are a gift from the.
class of 1900 to the College for its
45th reunion which was to take
place in June, but had to be
called off because of transporta
tion curtailments.
The class of 1900 wanted to give
the College a gift that it could
use and appreciate. The problem
was solved when a visiting friend
of Mrs. Hensziey's said, "such r
lovely campus, but no place to site
down." the obvious answer wa:f
benches, nice permanent benchea
that couldn't be taken up and used
for fuel in bonfires. Col. Arthur
S. Shoffstall of Huntington, W.
Va. contacted the various mem
bers of the class and arranged
for the benches to be built in
Huntington.
This summer, 20 of the sfl
benches wil be put up. The rest
will be made next winter, and put
tip on campus as soon as possible.
At present, there are eight
benches standing on campus,
Two more will be put along
Allister Hall. Three will be placed
between the Lion Shrine and the
water tower. Three are going to
be built in Hort 'woods, near Park
avenue. The rest will be put
along the mall.
Lakonides sponsored a swim
ming party for their Phys Ed ma
jors at Whipple's Dam Sunday.
X-GI Club
AUGUST IL 9415
9:00 - 12:00
REC HALL
$1.50 Couple—inc.
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