model in hard wood of a coal breaker complete in
all parts. Bituminous coal has been prepared in sec
tions one foot'square cut out of the principal veins
of the State so as to show their total height and
structure with portions of the "bed" and "top"
rock in site. Of these there are sixteen, some of
them nine feet high. They are enclosed in glass
cases for protection and preservation. Geological
structure is however shown on a yet grander scale
by means of an immense glass tube eighteen feet in
length—a wonder in istelf—filled with samples of
the rock taken at intervals of one and five feet
from the boring of an oil well 2300 feet deep.
Each half inch of vertical height in the tube rep
resents a stratum of five feet in thickness, the vary
ing color of the rock bringing out the strata with
great distinctness. It may. 'be; mentioned that
while the petroleum exhibit is extensive, the fin
est oil exhibit will be the private•one of the Stand
ard Oil Co., which has erected a special building
on the grounds where a model oil well and pro
cesses and products may be seen.
Slate from the great quarries of Bangor, Belfast,
Pen Argyl, Danielsville, and Slatington is shown
in blocks x 41 2 x 211/ ; inches. Large sawn
and dressed blocks are shown by the Peach Bot
tom Slate Producer's Association. Naturally
curved slate from the Old Bangor Slate Co., of
Bethlehem, is used in the construction of a slate
pavilion. •
Among single specimens deserving notice is a
magnificent slab 16ft. sin. in length by 61t
gin. in breadth of a very dark marble from King of
Prussia, Pa. And not the least interesting, and
by no means the least beautiful are several speci ,
mens of the Siliceous oolite of this locality, a rock
which has proven attractive to collectors and
lapidaries. '
Perhaps the most unique single exhibit is the
reproduction shown by Mr.' E. P: Butts,. of f
the clay furnace used in the manufacture of iron
in Western Asia, 400 B. C.', by means of this crude
device good grade of steel was also made from the
charge of ore, limestone and charcoal, Mayhap,
TRE FREE LAWCg.
away back in that early dawn when first the leathern
bellows that made possible the .iecitictiOn of a
few wheelbarrow loads of ore was invented, some
one descanted upon the ingenuity of his age. But
fancy him behold his rude appliance developed
into the tuyeres of our furnaces,' mighty Vulcans
breathing their heated breath into tons and tons of
molten mass, and making possible the mighty in
dustrial reactions of our day !
As has been said the effort was chiefly to repre
sent our raw materials and then trace them through
the changes they are made to undergo while be
ing converted into forms of beauty or Utility. To
this end the glass and tile exhibits are particularly
effective. The latter shows taw clays, wound
clay with the coarser particles washed away by wa
ter, and the finer held in suspension, these dried in
to impalpable dust, mixed with'fintly divided col
oring matter, and then placed in moulds with or
without surface design and subjected to an enor
mous pressure; this latter process completing the
rough tile. The glazing of tile is also exhibited:
It may be here remarked that these taw ma
terials and half manufactured piccructs are not
beautiful objects to look at in the sensethat the
handsome specimens of a mineral collection are
beautiful. Raw clays, calcined cla)s aLd furnace
charges do not show• Much beauty of form: Not
even the ochres, and mineral paints upon which is
founded our important pigment industry display
beauty of color. But the exhibit being essentially
a demonstrative and educational one will richly
repay those who try: i to appreciate it. Some of
the stories it will tell to ,the, man . - of affairs and
the student will all be in the rythan.of industry.
Not unsightly clay, but building brick, fire brick,
pottery, tiles, • terracotta, beautiful purcelain„ . and
the metal aluminium. Here is the eloquence of
industrial cot quest teaching that mineral wealth
does not so much consist in rich lodes of golo and
silver as in the cummoner mine and quarry pro
...
ducts.• Though her iron; petroleum, amicoal . may
long years hence be mined in diniinishing quanti
ty, her ledges of limestone,, sandstone, redstone,