Wr ald AR wR
hat Am idm
Farmer.
VOL. 1.
BELLEFONTE, CENTRE COUNTY, PA., OCTOBER 27, 1875.
THE fENTRE FARMER
PUBLISHED BY THE CENTRE COUNTY AGRI-
CULTURAL SOCIETY,
JOHN A. WOODWARD, Howard,
LEONARD RHONE, Centre Hall,
JAMES F. WEAVER, Milesburg,
Publishing Committee.
CENTRE FARMER.
BELLEFONTE, PA.
Wednesday, October 27, 1875.
RETROSPECTIVE AND PROSPEC-
TIVE. i
Now that the fair is numbered among
the things that are past, the necessity
for the publication of our little monthly
ceases, and with this number it will, for
the present, at least, disappear from the
public eye. Its mission has been fulfill-
ed, its end attained, and we consign it
to forgetfulness, except as it will live in
the memory of those whose hard work it
represented.
In taking leave of its readers, we may
"be permitted a word or two in regard
to the fair it heralded: While it was
not up to the high standard which its
friends could have wished it to attain, it
was, all things considered, a success, and
“7 the "thunK#0r the Society are due the
public for the very generous attendance
which was granted it. The display in
all the departments was better than usual,
and in some of them larger as well as
better. Better stock, and better farm
products or implements have never been
seen at any of our previous fairs, though
the number of entries in these depart-
ments has, on one or two occasions, been
larger, while the Home and Amusement
departments were full and varied be-
yond anything we have heretofore had.
While, therefore, it is with a certain de-
gree of complaisance that we glance
backward, we are aware that the experi-
ence of fair week was not without its
valuable lessons to the society. Some
things were left undone which might
have been done with advantage to the
association and gain to the comfort of
the public, and other things which were
done might have been omitted without
detracting from the real pleasure or in-
terest of any. Notes have been made of
these matters, and is hoped that by their
aid the Society will be able to do much
better in the year to come than it has in
the year that is past.
——
ANNUAL MEETING.
The next annual meeting of the socie-
ty, for the election of officers, will take
place in the court house, on the evening
of the first Monday of January court.
At this meeting several matters of im-
portance to the society will be brought
forward, and it is important that every
member who feels an interest in the
welfare of the organization should be
present.
IMPORTANT NOTICE.
A few of the articles lately on exhibi-
tion did not reach their rightful owners,
notwithstanding all the care exercised
to, prevent mistakes and misappropria-
tions. Any person in possession of any
articles thus lost or mislaid is invited to
| without toil, take possession of them at
return the same to the Secretary’s Of-
fice, N. W. corner of Brockerhoff House,
Bellefonte.
ernest DQ ~ CI——e ee
NOTICE TO PA RTI ES ENTITLED
TO PREMIUMS.
The premiums awarded at the late Fair,
a list of which will be found in this num-
ber of the FarMER, will be paid upon ap-
plication to the Treasurer at any time
prior to the 1st day of January, 1876.
All premiums not applied for prior to
said date will be considered as donated to
the Society and treated accordingly.
D. 8. KELLER, Treasurer.
Office N. W. cor. of Brockerhoff House.
in rear of Centre County Bank.
rm eet I —
OXEN AS DISCIPLINARIANS.
The influence of driving an ox-team as
a means of grace is not often descanted
on in verse or prose, but no one can deny
that the writer of “Satyrs und Sylvan
Boys,’’ in the August number of Lippin-
cott, has touched the matter with a needle
in this racy paragraph:
“The farmer's son is predestined to
success in the world, for he is able to do
two days’ work in one on occasion, his
vigorous early efforts having given him
an elasticity of constitution that enables
him to revive immediately after exhaust-
ion or overwork, and he has the power of
continuous, dogged application. No one
will flinch from business troubles who
knows what itis to pick stones on a-
"twelve-acre lot ‘when white-oak woods
are gosling gray’’ and robust east winds
are blowing. Patient and strong as if
infused with oxen’s strength is the youth
who has learned to drive oxen: he is like
well-grown corn—nothing can wilt him.
Driving oxen will make a Stoic philoso-
pher of a boy, they are so unspeakably
difficult to manage; it is impossible to
back them, insanity to turn them, utter
exasperation to hasten them; the orly
thing they do with any facility is to stop;
yet they must be swayed by a touch
'twixt the ears from a long, slender blue-
birch gad with a leather lash. To add
to their value as sources of discipline,
they have a species of ox-diablerie about
them. They like breaking a neap; and
these oxen which have been trained to
the convenient habit of following ihe
boy about the field while harrowing will
insist on following him around behind
the harrow when he goes there to adjust
anything, which causes a general upset-
ting. Furthermore, as he marches be-
fore them, thinking of other topics, or!
perhaps following with his eyes some
neighbor's carriage bowling down the
road, he frequently discovers that the
oxen are left far behind him in the field,
where they stand stock still composedly
chewing their cuds. And they have a
a disagreeable way of starting off on a
trot unexpectedly, particularly on warm
April days, when wild natural impulses,
mad longings for forest freedom and life
the delicious smell of the Spring green-
wood, causing them suddenly to lash the
neap with their tails and rush frantically
for the woods. When an old mare is
leading the steers, this is almost tragedy.
The mare is dragged backward, the har-
row rattles at the heels of the oxen, the
farmer and the hired man hasten acioss
the fields to the boy’s assistance with
“Whoa! haw there! Stop them! whale
em! Belt 'em over the head!” and the
boy shrieks, belts, and follows the gal-
loping oxen until they dash their yoke
agaihst a young tree betweén them in
the woods. Such an Iliad of toils is in.
volved in the driving of oxen!”
eet ~~ ———
GILT-EDGED BUTTER.
Doubtless Philadelphia dairymen lead
the world in the manufacture of butter.
Many of them command the year round
a dollar a pound for their butter. It is
hard as cheese, yellow as the yellowest
gold, sweet as new-mown hay. To.ac-
———
complish these results the utmost skill
and care is used in every part of the
process. The stock is of the best. Al-
derney is preferred for butter, the cows
are’ wisely fed, the stable where they
are milked is odorless, and the milk is
taken thence to a dairy that, Winter
and Summer, is kept at a temperature
of 58°. A cup of lobbered milk is put
into each shallow pan before the new
milk is strained into it, then it is plac-
ed on a cemented floor with water flow-
ing all about it, and left until the third
milking thereafter, when the cream is
removed. Three milkings always stand
in the dairy. The cream is stirred morn-
ing and night, and churning done at
least once a week. The butter is taken
from the churn, and while with one
hand the lever is worked up and down
through about ten pounds at a time,
with the other hand the butter is patted
with a clean towel, in which a sponge is
wrapped. This is frequently wrung out
in clean water, and the process contin-
ued until all the buttermilk is worked
out, when it is salted, half an ounce to
the pound being the allowance. It is
then made into pound balls, beautifully
stamped, laid in large square tin pans,
and set in the spring-house to cool. At
night, when the next milking is brought
in, each ball is wrapped in its own snowy
square of muslin, and laid into‘the but-
ter-tub to be carried to market.
Every.morning a fire is kindled in the
caldron stove in a room adjoining the
dairy, and the milk vessels thoroughly
scrubbed with a brush and then scalded.
Nothing is allowed in the spring-house
but milk, cream and butter. No nails
sapport a knuckle of veal.or a joint of
i 2 a
nib, no jar“of soap gréase po
air, no chunk of dried beef, no pot of
pickle, no plate’ of broken victuals. The
room is well ventilated and wire netting
excludes flies and permits free entrance
of air. The mystery of butter-making
may be summed in three particulars.
First: A temperature unvarying and not
above 60° This may be secured by depth
of cellar where there is not a spring.
Second : Perfect cleanliness and purity of
air from the moment the milk leaves the
cow’s udder till it reaches the market-place
in golden solid, fragrant balls,
Third : Uniformity of system and un-
changing routine. Kverthing by rule, noth-
ing left to guess-work,
BELLEFONTE PRESS CO.
PRINTERS, PUBLISHERS,
BOOK-BINDERS.
PLAIN AND ORNAMENTAL
PRINTING
EXECUTED WITH NEATNESS AND DISPATCH.
Particular attention paid to
Printing Books & Pamphlets.
BINDERS
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION OF
MAGAZINES, MUSIC,
LAW BOOKS, PAPERS, &c.,
BeS™ In every style and in the best manner. <G3R
OLD BOOKS & SABBATH-SCHOOL BOOKS,
RE-BOUND AND MADE AS GOOD AS NEW.
PRICES MODERATE.
JAMES SCHOFIELD,
MANUFACTURER OF
Harness, Collars,
SADDLES, WHIPS,
AND FLY-NETS OF ALL STYLES.
ATTENTION FARMERS!
Before buying elsewhere I would invite, you to exam-
ine my stock of fine and heavy lumber harness. As I
employ only first-class workmen, I am enabled to turn
out work equalled by none.
SHOP— Next Door to Harper Bros.,
BELLEFONTE, PA.
}o- GO TO “wu
John Brachbill’s,
WHERE YOU WILL FIND
A GOOD VARIETY
OF ALL KINDS OF
FURNITURE,
SPRING STREET,
BELLEFONTE, PENNA.
A. S. BARNES & CO,
PUBLISHERS OF THE
NATIONAL SERIES OF
SCHOOL BOOKS,
A. P. PLINT,
General Agent,
822 CHESTNUT STREET,
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Send for Catalogue and Special Price List before
changes are made.
“School in the Mountains,”
BELLEFONTE, PA.
HIS INSTITUTION for YOUN&
LADIES and YOUNG GENTLE
MEN, will re-open its next regular ses-
sion on
Wednesday, the Sth ef September.
“THOROUGH INSTRUCTION
will be given in all the elementary and
higher branches of study usually pursued in
our male and female seminaries.
Terms from $5 to $7 per week, according
to location of rooms. This includes the
ordinary expenses of boarding, furnished
rooms and tuition. For further particulare
address
Rev. J. P. HUGHES, Principal.
B. F. TROXELL
HAS OPENED A
TIN AND STOVE STORE
AND GENERAL STOCK OF
HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS,
Consisting of STOVES of different Patterns, all of which
are warranted first-class, and will be sold at the lowest
cash prices.
Also, a full line of TIN and SHEET-IRON WA
STAMPED and JAPANNED WARE, KNIVES ah
FORKS, SPOONS, and general house furnishing goods.
JOBBING and SPOUTING promptly attended fo.
HOLLOW WARE of all kinds ou hand. STOVE RE
PAIRS furnished at short notice.
Country Produce taken in exchange for Goods.
Highest prices paid for Rags, and all Goods and Work
Warranted, and will be sold at the Lowest Cash Prices.
pay Please call and examine Goods § Prices.
HOWARD, CENTRE COUNTY, PA.
1
HOUSE AND LOT FOR SALE.
3 . Situated along the Boalsburg Pika,
on ~~), near Shiloh Church, and about five
i rd miles from Bellefonte.
i ai The House is wooden—18 by 28—
da reise TWO STORIES & ATTIC, with two
| apartments down stairs and three upstairs. Shuttegg to
| all the windows. Well painted inside and outside, nod
| everything in first-rate condition. An excellent CIs
| TERN at the door, Lot planted with choice variety of
fruit and ornamented trees and shrubbery. Thére is
| also a large TWO-STORY SHOP, GOOD STABLE, and
outbuildings thereon erected.
This is a rare chance to get, on easy terms, a pleasant
country heme, with all the comforts and advantages
near at hand. Title indisputable. For sale because of
death of owner. For further particulars call upon the
| subscriber, near the premises, or address
ANGELINE McBRIDE,
; Bellefonte, Pa.
augl6,
HARPER BROS’,
DEALERS IN
DRY GOODS,
INWOTIOITS,
GROCERIES & PROVISIONS, READY -
MADE CLOTHING, HATS, CAPS, &c.
100.000 Pll" SOF SRA WANTED Ax
SPRING ST., BELLEFONTE, PA.