IJU -TV I t M ' ma SO i w.. - . -. . " ' 1 , r, -.,, lr;aiM,..,,-.'.ll.li",""llL M. i.ii 'if !,.,. -' 'i'BT!ifT,' Vi"--.'..-' j 25 0 ,;V, V) 'i () 00 On 00 '.'0 0') 1Q me ill- )00. ock ave ihij of or, any :cir in- c II liey K of til. I the 1 0 ir tbt. in- :"! no; eea n a ral .2ni Oil :ss, ES, Ac. lea V'.-.f- 1.. w. jod, J. re- .b'.e, :KS. ', f the I c iie is all T A -it.. y cha- from fora tuc itttb- L. caii in t.-'-irder city, d en will i u .v iN". I 'I UK . CO nizcd s on liar r pre' JOS it th'U T. Ill EDITORS. -mm m m mT " JiHCS f VOLUME 9. TiriLUAM KITTELL, Attorney at iff I. AW, fcVtnsu" . 6, OllN EENLON, Attorney at Law, 3 t Ebcnshurg, 1 a. -v-v- Office on High street. aug!3 .... . , T . 1 t T T , I J Law, Ebensburg, Pa. I y- office in Colonnade Row. au 13 WnLUAM II. SECIILER, Attor- f nev at Law, Ebensburg, Pa. Office "in Colonnade. Row. aug20 KOUGE V,r. 0 ATM AN, Attorney at JT Law and Claim Agent, and United tales Commissioner for Cambria county, Et nsburg, P. ta813 nrOirNSTON & SOANLAN, Attorneys t at Law, Ebensbarg, Pa. Sr Office opposite the Court House. t. TTlOHNSTOS. augl3 . E. ECANLAX. s AMUL'L SINGLETON, Attorney at Law, Ebensbnrg, Pa. I Office on ter's Hotel. High street, west of Fos- aug!3 (TAMES C. EASLY, Attorney at Lave, 0 Carrolltown, Cambria county, Pa. 1 3 Architectural Drawings and pecifi Utioas made. FRU813 i tn J. WATERS, Justice ot tnc reace lJ and Scrivener. Itrl:1 Office adjoining dwelling, on High St., WATERS, Justice of the Peace :hc:jjburg. au 13-6m. SHOEMAKER, Attorney at Law, Ebensburg, Ta. PMrtiriiUr attention caid to collections. rvrv ttmi-o on Hiffh street, west of the Di amond. Ous13 VOSEPII S. STltAVER, Justice of if the Pence, Johnstown, Pa. Office on Market street, corner of Lo sir t extended, and one door south of i!..- late office of Wm. M Wee. taugi. u. PEVEIIEAUX, M. D., PhyHcian and Surgeon, Stimnut, Pa. l-j'- Office east of Mans'on liou.-e, on uau ru,vr street. Night calls promptly attended ut his -ffice. aug!3 DK. 1E WITT ZEIC.LElt Havintr permanently located in Ebens I nr.'. otVers his professional services to the citizens ot town aou mcii i-.j. Teeth ex'.r.icted, without pain, with Xitrous Villi?, or Lnuihivj (i. l2T l-ooms a.1joinir.ir O. Huntley's .store, I Hi-'h street. L'E1' T"ENTISTRY. The under&iirned. Graduate of the BaI t.more Colle're of Dental Surprery, respcettully j-.U-va i,is proitjiional services to the. citizens .,1 Kbensburg. He has spared no means to tlHrouhly aciiuaint himself with every ira roi vir.ent in his art. To many years of per- imparted experience of the highest authorities Ilia Dental Science, lie simply asks tlint an Opportunity liiay he tfiven tar his work to , ' ...... ..... . . r . w r . BA.iJLi'.Ij JJl-I.rUKU, It. It. Will beat Ebensburg on the fourth Mon-iay of each month, to stay one wiek. August 13, 18G8. T 1.0 YD & CO., Bankers j EunKsnrno, Ya. li'iT olil. Silver, ooverntnetu i.oan3 ana otln-r Securities bought and sold. Interest allowed on Time Deposits. Collections made on nil accessible poiuts in the United States, an.! a (icueral Lanking business transacted. August 13, 18GS. W M. LL ,OYD & Co., Jinncer t ? Altoona, Pa Ihwfi3 or. the principal cities, and Silver n.l Uold for sale. Collections made. Mon- y received on deposit, payable on demand, 'iilhKit interest, cr upon time, with interest t fair rales. acgl3 Fin ii.' i.Mli?'P xf'iirvr t) i vrr I i- Or Jojinstows, Pesxa. l'id up Capital $ G0,000 00 J'riotttye to iitcrtate to 100,000 00 l We buy and sell Inland and Foreign Drafts, .Gold and Silver, and all classes of Govcrn j ment Securities: make collection t . and abroad ; "receive deposits ; loan money, and do a general Banking business. All buiness entrusted to us will receive prompt attention aud care, at moderate prices. Give i us a trial. f Itirtctort i D. J. MoRBKLL, Joas DlUKRT, Jacob LEVKB;oon, Eow'ii. Y. Towssexd, Isaac Kaikmax, Jacoh M. Campbsll. E t R1TZ, DANIEL J. MORRELL, President II. J. Uoukkts, Cashier. sep3ly m. LI.OVD, Prtt't. John lloyd, Cashier. 171 1: ST NATIONAL BANK OF ALTOONA. C 0 YERNHENT A GEXCV, AND DESIGNATED DEPOSITORY OF THE UNI TED STATES. Corner Virginia and Annie 8ts., North rd, Altoona, Pa. . . AvTiioni7i:u Capital $300,000 00 Cash Capital Paid is... 150,000 00 All business pertaining to Banking done on favorable terras. Iii'ermil Revenue Stamps of all denomina tion.; always on hand.' To purchasers of Stamp?, percentage, in f irtiups, will be allowed.'-as follows: $:0 to 2 per cent.; $!0C to $200, 3 per cent.; v-aud upwards, 4 per cent. auglS A UK A II AM BLAINE, Hurler ' ' Ebexsbchg, Pa. . shaving, ,KhampooinK', aud Hair-dressing tone in the mot artistic style. , '. Caf Saloon, directly opposite the "Moun taiuJilou.se." . uugl3 s AMUEL SINGLiri'ON, Notary Pub Offi lic, boensbnrg, Pa. ice on High, street. weBt of Foster' Ho- tel. a , . auglJ Oli WORK of all kind done at THE ALLEGH ASIAN OFFICE Hick Sr., Ebexscuug, Pa. Grant a.nd Col Ta x . Hang out the great, illustrious names Of noble men of noble deed, Who ne'er their coirn try's trust betrayed, Nor faltered in her hour of need. Let all the people from afar Behold the nation come at length From base intrigue and bloody war, To bights of grand and stable strength. Now sweeps the darkness from the sky, And looking o'er long years of pain, With sense of danger ever nigh, From men of lust of greed and gain, We aee the. rainbow arch of peace Stretch o'er the land from shore to shore, A promise of onr glad release, A pledge that traitors rule no more. AN ti-DEBlOCR&TJJW DEMOCRACY. SPEECH OF HON. JOHN SCOTT AT HUN TINGDON, SEPTEMBER 18th, 1868.--THE SHAM DEMOCRACY SHOWN UP IN TUEIR TRUE COLORS. Mr. Scott, on rising to address the meet ing, was for some minutes unable to pro ceed, owing to the enthusiastic and oft re peated demonstrations of applause with which he was greeted by the audience. lie commenced by contrasting the cir cumstances under which the issues of this campaign are discussed, with those of the campaign of lSb'4. In 'CI Horatio Sey mour was President of the Chicago Con vention, and with him were Bigler of I'a., Vallandigham of Ohio, and others, who declared in their platform that four years of war had resulted in failure to restore the Union, and that war should cease. They further charged that the Government had broken and violated the Constitution in every part in other words, the Chicago plutiorm, constructed by beymour and oth ers, was a declaration oi war against' the Government, and of peace with the rebels who were trying to destroy it. While these men were engaged in .forming that platform, Wade Hampton was waving his sword at the headot the" Hampton .Legion, and perhaps charging the "lioys in JJIue, destroying as many as possible ot those who were there in defence of the Govern ment. Buckner, the man Grant informed that he would move on his works at Don elson, was also doiti ' what he could to de stroy the Government. Preston was seek ing to secure the influence ot the ijourts of Europe against us. Here we had Sey mour, l$ilor, auo. v a'lanuigtium on tuc one side, and JJuckncr, Preston, and Wade Ilaniptou on the otherside, all co-operatim tor the jmrposc of dividing the party. hav ing control of the Government, and the Government itself, while Gen. Grant was fighting the battles of - the Wilderness; liartrauft, after his grand achievement on the bloody field of An tie t am, was engaged in the trenches about llichmond, and Campbell was guarding the line of the Baltimore & Ohio Kailroad to prevent the rebels of the South from burning your home and mine. How in 18G8 't Sey mour, Bigler, and Vallandigham were again in a Democratic Convention, as ac tors, or as moving spirits, to engineer its nomination and platform. Pendleton, if not tli ere, had his escort there. We saw them going there but not coming back. The same men who were against Grant in 1SG4 are against him now. 'The same men who then sent the '-Boys in -Blue" home to be buried, - Hampton :md Buckner, and the men who joined hand with them in the North, are joining hands now in opposition to Gen. Grant. In 18G-l.the Democrats of the North said every measure taken by the Government was unconstitu tional, and thus sought to cripple its ener gies while the rebels in the field were de lving the right of the Government to ex ert its. control over them. When he Democratic party of the. North, and the rebel element of the South came together, could anything else come of it than what did ? One plank of the platform attacking the finances of the Gov ernment, and the other attacking the pow er of the Government to govern the South ern States; this was Wade IIampton'3 platform, the result of a coalition of the two elements North and South. Sherman knocked the bottom out of one plank of the old platform, while the eletions in Ver mont and Maine knocked the balance into splinters that were used to light the bon fires of freedom from Maine to California. Shortly after the New Vork platform was adopted, Wade Hampton made a speech at Baltimore in which it was asserted, that tho rebels, by the success of that platform, would gain what they had lost, but by and by came the Vermont followed by , the Maine election, and tho entire platform is pretty near in splinters npwy the last con test of the Democratic party North, allied with the rebels South: ' ! In the Uhrcago convention, there were somc rcrels, such as Brownof Georgia,' but the difference is that they were repent- repem ant rebels ! ' . If the whole . South, W ade Ila'nVpton and all, could get together in one great camp-meeting, and sing the first two verses of that familiar hyninj "Show' pity Lord, oh Lord forgive," . we should join them in such a love-feast as was never witnessed ; we would kill the fatted calf in itUrnest, aud some of us would go in for the music and dancing. . .. The national (cht was spoken of as a I WOULD RATHER BE RIGHT THAN PRESIDENT. Henry Cut. EBENSBURG, PA., THURSDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1868. great grievance ; the deLt and taxes. How could it be otherwise, after the war ? But the men who made the rebellion were responsible for the debt. In 18G0 we were just recovering from the financial crisis of 1S57, during which there were in Penn sylvania 5G0 failures, involving money to the amount of 124 millions, lhe rebellion came in 1SG1. and there occurred during! that vear. 570 failurec, involving money ' lA to the amount of 24 millions ; the act of the rebel Government that year coniLca ted 300 millions owing from the South to theXorth, of which the proportion of Pennsylvania was about 32 millions. Du ring the war the Northern States took from the' productive industry of their pop ulation over two millions of men, who be came not only consumers but destroyers of produce, and is it not one of the most marvelous things ever shown by the world's history, that we are able to go on with the ordinary industrial pursuits of the country, in such a way that there is no distress or want, but on the contrary, work plenty, at good wages? Before the administration of Buchanan closed, 10 millions of a loan was offered by the Secretary of the Treasury, and only 7 millions were taken at 11 per eent. ; afterward 5 millions more were put in market and only one-halt of it taken at S5 cents on tho dollar. During the terri ble campaign of 18G'J and 18G5, tho same men now making clamor about the debt, were trying to induce the people not to touch the bonds of the Government, and savins: that it would require a cord of greenbacks to buy a cord of wood. Takin all these things together, it was a. God's mercy that the country did not sink into bankruptcy and ruin the next day after the war closed. - . rri : , v .1. jai x ': Liiu issue 01 i no ueot is iiol now oeiore . ra r n , n y . the country, lhe hrst oi the tiebt ma tures in 1881 , the next 1SS2. That is tho time the Government bound itself to pay,. although obtained in five or ten years. These bonds arc issued by the Govern ment for the purpose of raising money to carry on the war, the interest ot some ot them payable in gold, ana tne principal and interest of others, lhe right to bor row money is given by the Constitution. They raise the quarrel now, long before the bonds are due ; whether wc shall pay them in gold or greenbacks, when wc have not got either. The law limits the issue of greenbacks to four hundred millions, and no more can be issued without anoth cr act of Congress : we have not the gold, aud the legal tenders are not issned, and it would trouble the arithmetic of these men to pay $2,500,000,000, of bonds with $400,000 of greenbacks. The Democratic platform says, where the law docs not say they are payable in gold they should be paid in lawful money of the United States. What is the lawful money of the United States? According to Democratic doc trine enunciated by Sunset Cox, at Brook lyn, it is the money that chinks. Here, then, the Democratic platform proposes to pay all those bonds in gold. Judge Wood ward, he said, was placed in a position in that Convention from which none of his friends would be able to extricate him, having declared, when a candidate for Governor, that the legal tenders, issued by the Government, were not lawful money, and no man was bound to take them for a debt, 'and now that the bonds should be paid in the same currency he had pro nounced unlawful. Pendleton and Val landighaui declared in Congress that they had no power to issue greenbacks. The Democratic party said that the greenbacks were issued in violation ci Constitu tion. This was their wl ole cry during the war, and uoav, in order to issue green backs enough to take up iusq bonds, tho party must do the same thing it has been decrying all the 'time. They are thus proposing to pay off bonds which they made payable in gold, by giving notes which they say the Government has no power to issue at all, thus getting rid of all the claims ot the widows and orphans of our deceased soldiers and of the entire National debt by the issue of an unconsti tutional currency. . Wc say pay these bonds when they be come due, and whe n Grant and Colfax and Vice Presidential take the Presidential chairs, as thev'" will, then will follow a ca reer of peace and prosperity that will mako the greenbacks-by that time as good as gold. ' . ' r Upon this financial question we are in as much danger of war as upon the ques tion of reconstruction. We had during the war one hundred million dollars' worth of property destroyed by the Alabama, commanded by the pirato Semmes, who lighted up the ocean with the flames of our burning merchantmen, and who is now an ardent supporter'bf Seymour and Blair, and against Grant for vhich we have been presenting our claims 10 Eng land, and which will be paid. We Lave millions of bonds in the hands of tho Ger man people, and if a Democratic adminis- tration should ever take up the obligations of :our Government to them by! giving them an irredeemable' promise . to pityr would not the -Prussian: Government be as justifiable in protecting" IKe rights. of its citizens as we are .ours ? 'And if a Demo cratic administration should undertake Uo carry out this idea, there" would bo just as much danger of Prussia taking tlis.t ground saw, there came the Ministers aud Ambas as there is now from the question of re-.' sidors of the oldest nation to our Capital construction ; and more, because we .have 1 there, like, the sheaves in Joseph's vision," the rebels a little nearer to home, and the ' to do us reverence aud learn of us, while same men have been once whipped by a little man called Grant. It has been said that the poor man pays the rich man's taxes. Is that true? And if sot, where, and how ? You all pay tax es, and where does the poor man pay the tasps of the rich man ? "What State tax do you pay- on real estate ? None. A Republican Legislature took off the taxes irom real estate, and imposed them upon railroad and telegraph companies, bank stock, &c. The poor man surely does not - pay the rich man's taxes. Come down to the county tax, and what do you pay on there ? Real estate, money at interest, &c. i Are not the poor man and the rich ma'TP'tuxed according to their property ? In the borough taxes, the poor man and the rich man are taxed on the property they 'own, and pay alike. Now, where does the poor man, pay the rich man's taxes ? The National taxes are imposed on whisky, petroleum, manufactured arti cles; incomes, &c, not the necessaries of life, and these taxes are imposed alike. They Bay the poor man is taxed for all he eats and. wears. Is not the rich man too: They say tho bonds are not taxed. The income of the bonds, all over a thousand dollars, is taxed. They say the bondhold er pays no local tax. The United States imposes this upon the interest of the bonds, but they say they should pay State taxes too. Now. the power does not exist to impose a State tax on United States se curities, and there must have been one hundred men in that New York Conven tion that knew it. If the men who are clamoring for this in our county do not know it, they ought to be ashamed to con fess it. s . What : do . these men propose to do ? The fourth plank in their platform propo ses equal taxation of every species of property, &c. That is, they propose to begin at tho ground and .tax every man for every dollar he has ; and yet they tell you the poor man pays the rich man's taxes ! ; This Democratic platform propo ses to tax poor : houses, churches, school houses, and every other property, accord ing to its' value. 'It is like' the decree is sued by Augustus Caesar to tax the whole world. They say the bonds locked in the National banks ought to pay tax. They are paving three per cent, to the State and General Government. How do they pro- to tax the United States bonds by the State f hi very man of - common sens can so?, that it is not in the power of State government to tax the Nationa A bonds. We had a Constitutional Amend ment providing that our debt should be paid, and that the rebel debt should not, and while on its passage, every Democrat voted against its adoption, and the mo ment the Legislature of some of the States that had adopted it changed, they wiped out that amendment, saying that our debt should not be paid and the rebel debt should. . Put in the hands of such a Leg islature as that the power to tax the prop erty of the General Government, and they would soon do so to such an extent as to blot out the whole. ' Judge Woodward must surely hang his head in shame when he looks at the doc trines contained in that platform and then at the decisions of the Supreme Court, as rendered in 1819, 1S24, and 1820, and of our own State in 1842 and others, no less than six decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States, and one in the Supremo Court of-our own State against taxing United States securities or the salary of LTnited States officers, and yet in the face of all this they are clamoring because there is no State tax on Government bonds. How much road tax and school tax do these United States bonds pay they say. How do you propose to get your school tax and road tax from them, over six de cisions of the United Stat es Supreme Court, and one of your own State ? . By applying your own doctrine to rpur own platform, it is a cheat and a lie, and you can make nothing else out oi it. If any man can reconcile it with good morals let him do it. The United States, according to a clause in the Constitution, has made a contract. with its bondholder, that they will not permit. State or local I taxation, and yet you want the Govern- ment to ; violate that contract and that clause of the Constitution. This is like the subterfuges resorted to in the rebellion, and is bound to go down with the rebel lion. , ,. - "The rebels and the Democratic' party say the Southern States are entitled to immediate restoration, and that the Gov ernment has no power to impose upon them any , conditions.,. They say the war made no difference in. their status.. We say no; your rebellion . authorized us to impose terms before 3ou come back again, and upon that 'position .we intend to stand and triumph. Talk about maintaining a government without the power to preserve its own life ! We fought you when you had the bayonet at our breast, and now when you would inject poison into our veins we will take the liberty of stopping up. the mouth of tho syringe. : ;.. . We present the grandest and most glo rious spectacle ever presented byr anyr na tion' of the 'earth."-' We were' the youngest nation of the earth, and yet after emerg ing from such a contest as the world never standing where our Congress was in se.s- The division of the road between 1I,1 sion. The same Providence that imnolJoil I li.l.ivslmro- and Johnstown w is f.wm.l f...l a k-.- i 1 . i j j. a i . i , me. &iuenoiuer to laKe Hie oniv inp.ins that could have been taken to accomplish the same ends ; that carried us through the war, and upheld us during those try ing hours ; that educated this people up to a belief in the emancipation of the colored race ; that hardened the hearts ot the Southern people against terms more mag nanimous than were ever offered to a rebel people before : the same Providence was over-ruling our cause and hardening the hearts of this people as that of Pharaoh of I old for the benefit and blessings of this country What it is to be no human ken but we will see it aud know it can see. hereafter. There is a Providence leading us on, and the nation that has been the asylum of the oppressed, will not go down beneath the convulsion of a Presidential election. The little man of destinv who began Tain career in the army by mustering in the troops of Illinois, and closed it up or the time by mustering out the whole rebellion ; that little man is tho man the country can still trust, arid the Govern ment will be safe under the patriotism of General Grant and the Christian states manship of Schuyler Colfax. The Pennsylvania Railroad. Eight hundred and twenty-three miles separate Philadelphia from the great in land port of Chicago, and nine hundred and ninety-eight he between the Pennsyl vania capital and the " Mississippi river town of St. Louis, with which it is con nected by four different railways, whilst the great through route between the two former places is formed of two railroads the Pennsylvania Central, and the Pitts burg, lort A a3'ne and Chicago, which has a joint terminal station at the former place with the first named line ; so that only one change oi carriages is necessary in travel ing the entire distance ; that change bein effected under one station roof. The Pennsylvania Central railroad is one of the best constructed, equipped and organized lines in the States. . Its iorma tion presented formidable difficulties to the engineer, and its course lies through a re gion rich with the mineral wealth of iron and coal, which crop out upon the hil sides, and show sectional seams in the deep cuttings through which the railway in mrt takes its way- Speaking broadly, the line ofioutc irom MMUlctoiMi, nlneiv-six nines west of Philadelphia, follows the course o the Susquehanna and its tributaries, the Juniata and little Juniata rivers, to their source on the east side of the Alleghany range ot mountains, which the railway a cends to a height of 2. 270 feet, descending on the other side to follow for fifty miles the channel ff the western watershed. which, under the title of the Conemaugh, effects a junction with the Alleghany river, and helps to swell the flood of the Ohio, fifty-five miles beyond, at the Pittsburg peninsula. lhe entire length of the Pennsylvania Central 1 ail way is 855 miles ; it was com menced thirty-seven years ago under the title of the Philadelphia- and Columbia railway, the terminus of which was on the east bank of the Susquehanna, and where the passengers and freight were received on board canal boat?, and carried westward by the extensive canal system, which was at that time in active operation. This road crossed the Schuylkill river at Phila delphia, on a timber viaduct 084 feet long, 50 feet wide, and 3S feet above the water. level. It then aseendedan inclined plane, with a grade of one in fifteen, worked by a stationary engine ot sixty horse-power ; this plane was 035 yards long, with a rise of 187 feet, lhe nature ot the country. for the whole length of the line necessita ted steep gradients and heavy works, for the first 60 miles, which brought the rail way to Lancaster; the inclinations varied between 1 iir 110 and 1 in 150, which were heavy grades in that early period of railway construction. Some of the cuttings on the road were forty feet in depth, and one embankment was eighty feet high. The road entered its terminal station at Columbia by an'ihciined plane 1,800 feet long, and rising ninety feet, ' also worked by a Btationary engine. . Another division from IIollida3rsburg at the foot of the Alleghanies, on the eastern side, to Johnstown , thirty-seven miles dis tant, crossed the mountain summit at an elevation of 2,020 feet above the sea level. Johnstown was originally the point of ship ment for iron brought from the neighbor- ing mines in the Juniata district, and floated in flat boats down the Conemaugh. It lies at the junction of the Western" Di vision 'of the Pennsylvania Canal and the Portage railway, at the Point where, a trib utary flows into the Conemaugh river.- Both these streams penetrate a "country rich in coal and iron, and this mineral wealth has given to Johnstown extensive, blast furnaces, iron works and other indus trial manufactories. The Cambria Iron works is one of the largest establishments in America. They occupy an area of about 25,000 acres, and are situated in a narrow valley, where the richest deposits of iron ore, bituminous coal, fire-clay and limestone lie in strata contiguous to each other. The principal vein of carbonate of iron, adjoining the : furnaces aud rolling mills,. lies over the ctal measures, about '200 leet above the bed , o the. Conemaugh, and GO ft. ab'jvc the top of "the furnaces. OO IX amvaivci:. NUMBER 9 a tout lbvM. upc mis lengtu was one .1 , . fine viaduct built of stone, and with one The rail semi-circular arch of 80 feet. level was 70 feet above the water, end it was constructed at a cost of .11,000. The mountain summit was reached by five inclined planes and intermediate lev els, a similar number having been con structed for the descent on the western side. The length of the first plane on the eastern side was 1.G0S ft., with a rise of 150 ft., and succeeded b- a level part of which lay through a tunnel 000 ft. loiv 1. 1 . . i . 1 . r . i i . oiasieu our, oi tne limestone rock. Tho second plane was reached by a level of 14 miles in length, on which was the stone viaduct before alluded to; this plane was l,bO It. long, with a rise oi about 1 in 13. The third plane had a femrth of 1.4S0 ft., with a grade of nearly 1 in 11. The fourth plane was 2,10G ft. in length, rising ibb leet. 'lhe hith plane was 2,020 ft., with a rise of 200 ft, in its ength. From Johnstown westward, the traffic was conducted by canals. This line was called the l'ortage Ilailroad. 15ut with, the growth of western cities the development of their trade, and the natural resources, a tar more rapid means of communication with the coast was nec essary, and this the Pennsylvania Central railroad company set themselves to supply. On the 1st of September, 1S48, sixty one miles of line were constructed from Harrisburg, the capital town of the State, westward, and a new line was constructed from Lancaster to the former place, com mencing by a junction at Lancaster with the original Philadelphia and Columbia road, which was extended beyond its original terminus, along the east bank of the Susf usquehanna, uutil it joined the Lan- caster and Harrisburg Kail way, as a loop line, at Middlctown. The delay incurred in surmounting the Alleghany summit by means of the inclined planes formed an impediment to the development of the line, which it was found necessary to over come by crossing the mountain by a more favorable route, and at a lower level, the highest gradient being laid through a tun nel of considerable length. To this end, the, new line Mas located, in 1840, from Altoona at the foot, to the summit of the mountain, a distance of twelve miles and a quarter, with a maximum gradient of 84 feet G inches co the mile. On tho western s:ue, me ruling inclination is f0 feet to the mile. This new line is in the immediate vicinity of the old l'ortage Kailroad, which it crosses five times by bridges, and once upon a level. The end of 1851 found the Pennsylvania Kailroad in operation as far as Hollidaysburg, where it worked over the inclined planes' of the then existing l'ortage road, and several of the westward sections to Pittsburg were were completed, forming separate links of a connection between that place and Phil adelphia. On the western side of the Al leghany ascent, the construction of tho new line was so far advanced that the us-j of two of the stationary engine-worked inclined planes were dispensed with, and the whole of the grading of the mountain division was in hand. .The summit tun nel was commenced at each end, and at four shalts. This part of the work was completed in 1S53, and the through lino opeued for traffic on the 15th of Februa ry, 1S54. This tunnel was the most for midable work upon the line; its length is 3.570 feet ; its width, 24 feet ; and the height. 22 feet. The level of rails arc two hundred and ten leet below the summit of the moun tain. Of the four shafts one was thirteen feet in diameter, and the other three ten feet wide, lhe deepest was one hundred and ninety-six feet, and the rcmainderono hundred and ninety-four, one hundred and fifty-four, and one hundred and fifty feet respectively. The rocks were found to be the nearly horizontal strata of the coal measures, the tunnel in great part ly ing along a bed of firo clay, which, though easily excavated, gave great subsequent trouble in properly securing the .'-ides and roof, the whole of which are lined with brick. During the progress of the works great difficulty was encountered from the large quantities of water met with, which rendered incessant pumping necessary. At the middle shaft a fifty horse power engine was stationed duricg the whole progress of the work. The turn' el was completed io two years at a cort of ,90, 000. The unreliable nature of the mate rial exposed, ou opeui'g out the eastern end of the tunnel, rendered it necessary to increase the gradient upon that .side of ;he mountain from 92 feet per milo to 1 in 55. ou straight lines, and 1 ia t'5 on he curves of minimum radius. This arrangement reduced the length of the tun nel t 3.570 feet, and the maximum gra dient to 9 miles in length, commeucing ibuiitlA miles west of Altoona aid extend ing to the cast side of the tum i-l mouth, overcoming in that distance a rise of GOG feet, equal to an average gradient of 1 in 57, 75 or 91 G-10 per mile. The maxi mum gradient on the western side of the Alleghanies is continued through thelun uel. as it was considered possible th.U .t may prove convenient to work. that rseut wi;h a stationary engine iusfead of auxili ary locomotives. - Do you want Peace ? and Colfax. ? Vote for Grant
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers