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j.TODD HUTCHINSON Puullsaer. . - . . ?. . a'l$1.50L ADVAAXT.
VOLUME 5. . EBENSBURG, PA., THURSDAY, JUKE 30, 18.64. NUMBER 40.
4 i:
OF POST OFFICES.
Por Offices.
Bethel Station
Carolltown ,
Chess Springs,
Conemaugh,
Cresson,
, Ebensburg: .
Fallen Timber,
Gallitiin,
Hemlock
Johnstown,
Loretto,
Mineral Point,
Post Mas ten.
Enoch Reese,
Joseph Beb.6,
Henry Nutter,
A. G. Crooks,
J. Houston,
John Thompson,
Asa H. Fiske
J. M. Christy,
Districts.
Blacklick.
Carroll.
Chest.
Taylor.
Wa3hint'n.
Ebensburg.
White.
Gallitzin.
Wa3ht'n.
Johnst'wn.
Loretto.
Conem'gh.
Wm Tiley, Jr.,
I. E. Chandler,
M. Adlesberger,
E. Wissinger,
A . Diirbin.
Sinister,
piattaville,
Roseland,
St. Augustine,
ScilpLeTel,
Snnm&D.
Munster
Andrew J Ferrai, busq'han.
O. W. Bowman, White.
Stan. Wharton, Clearfield.
Georjro Berkey, Richland.
B. M'Colgan, Washt'n.
B. F. Slick, Croyle.
William M'Connell Washt'n.
Morris Keil, S'merhill.
gammerhill,
Summit,
ffilmore,
cnrnciiES, ministers, &c.
Presbyterian Rkv. D. Harbisox, Pastor.
Reaching every Sabbath morning at 10$
.clock and in the evening at 6 o'clock. Sab
'ath School at 1 o'clock, A. M. Prayer meet
be every Thursday evening at 6 o'clock.
Methodist Episcopal Church Rev. J. S. Lem
mjs Preacherin charge. Rev. W.H.M'Bbide,
A3isUat. Preaching evey alternate Sabbath
nornin, at 10 J o'clock. Sabbath School at 9
oe!ock A. M. Prayer meeting every Thursday
evening, at 7 o'clock.
Welch Independent Rev Li.. R. Powell,
Pastor. Preaching every Sabbath morning at
lo o'ciock, and in the evening at 6 o'clock,
bb&tu School at 1 o'clock, P. M. Prayer
meeting on the first Monday evening of each
month ; and on every Tuesday, Thursday and
Friday evening, excepting the first week in
tach month. -Calvinittic
3fethodistTzr. Jobs Williams,
pa-tor Preaching every Sabbath evening at
! and 6 o'clock. Sabbath School at If o'clock,
A. M. Prayer meeting every Friday evening,
it 7 o'clock. Society every Tuesday evening
:7 o'clock. .
Disciples Rev. W. Llotd, Pastor. Preach
if every Sabbath morning at 10 o'clock.
Particular Baptists Rev. David Jenkins,
Pastor. Preaching every Sabbath evening at
3 o ctock. Sabbath School at at 1 o'clock, P. M.
dtholic Rev. M. J. Mitchell, Pastor.
Ftnlcea every Sabbath morning at 10 J o'clock
ui Vispere at i o'clock in the evening.
EBEXSHURG MAILS.
MAILS ARRIVE.
Eisiern, daily, at llf o'clock, A
n'sstern " at llf o'clock, A
MAILS CLOSE.
iAitcrn, daily, at 8 o'clock, P.
feclcrn, "at 8 o'clock, P
M.
M.
M.
M.
tBThe mails from Butler,Indiana,Strongs
ma, kc, arrive on Thursday of each week,
it 5 o'clock, P. M.
Lnvve EbenBburg on Friday of each week,
v. b A. II.
rThe mails from Newman's Mills, Car
tolkown, Ac, arrive on Monday, Wednesday
id Friday of each week, at 3 o'clock, P. M.
Ltave Ebensburg on Tuesdays, Thursdays
Saturdays, at 7 o'clock, A. M.
RAILROAD SCHEDULE.
CRESSON STATION.
(Tf!. Bait. ExpreBS leaves at
8.18 A. M.
9.11 P. M.
9.02 A. M.
7.08 P. M
8.15 P. M
8.38 P. M.
4 fast Line
" Phila. Express
' Mail Train
41 Emigrant Train
ii
it
East Through Express
" Fast Lino
" Fast Mail
it
1
2.36 A. M.
7.08 A. M.
10.39 A. M.
" Through Accom.
COUNTY OFFICEItS.
Jvlyesofthe Courts President, Hon. Geo.
ylor, Huntingdon ; Associates, George W.
Is'?y, Henry C. Devine.
rroihonotarv Joseph M'Donald.
Rtghttr and Recorder James Griffin.
Shtrif John Buck.
Difrkt Attorney. Philip S. Noon.
Ucunty Commissioners Peter J. Little, Jno
mpbell, Edward Glass. '
Treasurer Isaac Wike.
Poor Jfovmt rtirtrtorx fieorce M'Culloueh.
rge Delany, Irwin Rutledge.
'oor House Treasurer Cieorge U. tk.. Z-anm
Abators William J. Williams. George O.
U Zahm. Francis Tiernev.
County Surveyor. Henry Scanlan.
Coroner. --William Flattery.
Mercantile Appraiser Patrick Donahoe.
&.'. of Common Schools J. F. Condon.
UaENSBURO BOR. OFFICERS.
AT LARGE..
Justices of the Peace David H. Roberta
l4TTison Kinkead.
Hurgtss A. A. Barker.
School Dirtrtors Abel Llovd. Phil S. Noon.
'OSana. TV Prriab. JInrrh Jadm. E. J. Mills
Ti4 j. Jones.
ZAST WARD.
Comiablc Thomas J. Davis.
evn Council J. Alexander Moore, Daniel
tvene, Richard R. Tibbott, Evan E. Evans,
htpectors Alexander Jones. D. O. Evans.
ae of Election Richard Jones, Jr... 4
1OTuThomaa M. Jones.
Assistant Assessors David E.Evadb, Wtt."
J-Davis. .... .
WEET WARD. ;
ComtaMM TP;n r;u. t
t c'ounc John Dougherty, George C.
tanm, Isaac Crawford, .Frncis A. hoe-
"r. Jam a. S TA A
"Mae'.. n
vw J VUU.
Jul
Oatman, Roberts Evans.
A WAJUEJ3 M
ltl'it Assessors-
,e"r James Murray.
William Barnes, Dan
hzn.
' LIST
. OR,
Tbe River of Time.
BY BE3JAHIX F. TAYLOR.
Oh t a wonderful stream is the river Time,
Ab it flows through the realm of tears,
With a taultless rythm and a musical rhyme,
And a broader sweep and a surge sublime,
As it blends with the. ocean of Years.
How the winters are drifting like flakes of
snow I
And the sumwers like buds between I
And the year in the sheaf, so they come and
they go
On the river's breast, with its ebb and flow,
As it glides in the shadow and sheen.
There's a magical isle up the river Time,
Where the softest of airs are playing ;
There's a cloudless sky and a trcpical clime,
And a song a3 sweet as a vesper chime,
And the Junes with the roses are staying.
And the name of the isle is Long Ago,
And we bury our treasures there ;
There are brows of beauty and bosoms of
snow
There are heaps of dust, but we loved them
so
There are trinkets and tresses of hair.
There are fragments of songs tvat nobody
Bings,
And a part of an infant's prayer ;
There's a lute unswept, and a harp without
strings
There are broken vows and pieces of rings,
And the garments that she used to wear.
There are hands' that are waved when the
" fairy shore
By the mirage is lifted in air;
And we sometimes hear, through the turbulent
roar,
Sweet voices we heard in the days gone be
fore, ; ; ...
When, the wind down the river was fair.
... a
Oh J remembered for aye be that blessed isle,
All the day of our life till its night
And when evening comes with its beautiful
emile,
And our eyes are closing to slumber awhile,
May that greenwood of Souls be in sight!
Report of the Co. Superinten
dent of Common Schools of
Cambria County, for the Year
endlngr June G, 1S64.
Hon. C. R. Coburn, SuperinlenJent of
Common Schools of Pennsylvania Sir:
Jrj compliance with the School Law of tbe
State, I have the honor to present to you
my report for the year ending Monday,
June 6th, 1864.
SCHOOT. HOUSES.
Whole no. of school houses in the county-118
Whole no. unfit for use 16
Whole no. supplied with ventilation 25
Whole no. provided with outbuildings. .... 41
Whole no. of Louses built duringyear... 6
Besides the number totally unfit for use,
I there are many othera almost UDfit, in con
sequence of low ceilings, want oi ventila-
tion, ana general misconstruction, xae
subject of ventilation appears to be very
imperfectly understood and much neglec
ted bv teachers, directors, and parents.
This fact is evident from the small number
of schools provided with means of venti
lation. Many of our school houses are very
unfavorably located. As a general thing,
too little attention is paid to the selection
of sites for school houses. Some are
situated too close to roads or among dense
woods, others upon hill-sides, and in very
many instances, without proper play
grounds. It will be seen by the figures
above that a large number of houses aro
not supplied with out-buildings. This is
a serious evil, and one that should be
remedied immediately.
Of the houses built during the year,
two are in Clearfield, one in Johnstown,
one in Taylor, ono in Allegheny, and one
in Yoder.
v The one in Johnstown"is well furnished,"
well ventilated and finely located. The
one in Taylor is a very creditable build
ing, in every respect, except that it is
badly located, being situated upon a
steep hill-side with no good play-grounds.
FURNITURE. ,
Whole no houses properly furnished. .......44
Whole no. furnished with old-fashioned
benches of various kinds, without backs. ..90
The want of suitable furniture in the
schools affects very seriously the health
of the children, and the success of the
School Svstem. If, when a child is sent
to'rchool. he be seated upon a high bench.
so that his feet do not reach the floors
without any support for his pack, is it, i
any
discomforts, nay, tortures of this unnat
ural position, he should become disgus
ted with the school room and avoid it in
future? And yet there are hundreds of
children in Cambria county whose school
days are spent in tbe manner here de
scribed. We need a sweeping reform in
this matter; for until we make the school
room & pleasant place, it will not accom
plish the purpose for which it is intended.
SCHOOLS.
Whole number in the county ..161
Whole number graded 22
Whole number graded during the year.. 4
Whole number classified -131
Whole number unclassified M 30
There has been an increase of three
schools during the year.
Of course country schools, and those
in villages which contain but one school,
can not be graded. There are however,
several villages in4 the county whose
schools could be graded, and it is hoped
they will be speedily.
Of unclassified schools, or schools with
out a regular series of text-books, the
majority is in Allegheny and Carroll Dis
tricts. APPARATUS.
Whole number partially supplied 140
Whole number totally without 21
None of our schools are fully supplied
with apparatus. Of those eiven as par
tially supplied, a few are furnished with
outline maps, a few with globes, and some
with cards. The balance are merely fur
nished with blackboards, wnich are often
of small size and inferior quality.
In some districts the importance of
school apparatus is not understood. Oth
ers are unable at present to provide the
necessary apparatus, and make other im
provements, in consequence of sparseness
of population, and tha consequent low
value of property. All, however, are able
to provide good blackboards, and should
do so by all means. They are indispensa
ble. TEACHERS.
Whole number employed during year......l?9
Whole number of Males..- 71
Whole number of Females. ....". 108
Many of our best male teachers have
left the profession. Their places will have
to be supplied principally by inexperienced
young ladies.
More iemale teachers were employed
this year than in any former year. They
are erenerally as well qualified as males,
and their efforts are attended with as much
practical success. Our teachers generally
did well. Those who failed did so in
eonsequence of insufficient knowledge of
the common branches and the Ineory oi
Education.
TEACHERS IS TnE ARMY.
No. teachers who have entered the army as
volunteers since the commencement of the
present war 45
Number drafted 10
Number exempted for various causes 5
Number killed in service 2
Number who died of sickness in service 2
Number now in service 10
Of these, 2 were Majors : 8 were Lieu
tenants; 6 were Sergeants; 1 was Corporal,
and 33 were privates. In additiojfto
these, there were 9 teachers drawn in the
late draft. They have not yet been ordered
to report.
CERTIFICATES.
Whole number applicants examined... .233
Whole number certificates issued 222
Whole no, certificates issued to males...-. CC
Whole no. certificates issued to females... 156
Whole number applicants rejected 11
Lowest figure in Provisional Certificate... 5
General average figure -2.24
Our examinations have been as difficult
as the circumstances of the county would
admit. I have issued a few certificates
with figures as low as 4 and 5. This has
proved injurious. If euch certificates are
granted at all, the teachers holding them
will sometimes be employed to the exclu
sion of those whose qualifications are
better. This has been the case in eome
instances in our county, and in consequence
I have concluded to issue no certificate in
the future with a worse figure than 3. No
professional certificates have been issued.
VISITATIONS.
Whole number visits made 175
Whole number schools visited once... 141
Whole number schools visited twice.7. 24
Whole no. schools visited three times 10
Attendance at the Couvention of County
Superintendents, held in Harrisburg, in
January, and at our County Institute, in
February, interfered to a considerable
extent with my visitations. Twelve
schools were not reached. Beside these
one was not visited because the teacher
had no certificate, one was closed at the
time I visited the District, in consequence
of the death of the teacher, three were
eloped temporarily on account of sickness,
and two in consequence oi tne temporary
absence of their teachers.
My object during my visits was to ascer
tain the teacher's capacity for imparting
to proceed with the school in the usual
manner, and to ignore, as much as possi
ble, my presence. In some instances,
where the teacher manifested a want of
knowledge of methods of instruction, I
took charge of classes and conducted
recitations. My visits averaged about an
hour and a half in duration
I generally made a short address to the
pupils, . setting forth the necessity of
regular attendance, 'obedience, studious
ness, &c. I was sometimes accompanied
by Directors, but most generally visited
alone. Tbe Directors were generally
"willing to accompany me, but I experienced
much difficulty in finding them.
' In fact it took as much time to hunt up
a Director as a school house, neither of
which are easily found in a mountainous
and thickly wooded country like Cambria
county.
DISTRICT SUPERINTENDENCE".
Blacklick, Cambria, Chest, Jackson
and Johnstown are the only Districts in
which the District Superintendency was
in operation. In these it worked well.
INSTITUTES.
Whole number organized 17
Number visited - 5
; Several of the organizations embraced
the teachers of more than one district.
In a few districts, Institutes were not or
ganized and in others they proved failures,
in consequence of carelessness and irregu
lar attendance of teachers, I have recom
mended to Directors, and shall continue
to recommend the necessity of imposing
fines for non-attendance, unless a reasona
ble excuse can be given. It is as much a
teacher's duty to attend these Institutes
as it is to teach, and the teacher who re
fuses, or who habitually neglects to attend
them, should not only be fined for the
time thus lost, but he should be dismissed
for violating his contract with the board,
and should not be employed in the district
again.
MORAL INSTRUCTION.
No. schools in which the Bible was read. ..32
No. schools in which moral instruction was
given by" other means...... 63
In quite -a number of our schools no
moral Instruction is given and I am in
clined to the opinion that the time devo
ted to teaching of morality in others is
very limited. .
PUBLIC SENTIMENT.
Though the schools in a majority of
districts in the county are not what they
6hould be, yet this is not caused by oppo
sition to the common school system. It
will be seen by referring to the lieports
for previous years that there are but three
or four counties in the State that pay
more sc'uool tax, in proportion to their
valuation, than Cambria. Public senti
ment is decidedly in favor of the common
School system.
REMARKS.
I would respectfully recommend to
Directors the necessity of increasing the
salaries of teachers. Within the past
three or four years, almost every thing has
advanced in price from fifty to one hun
dred per cer-t. The wages and salaries of
mos-t trades and professions have made a
considerable increase, ic many cases cor
responding nearly to the rise in prices on
merchandise. This Las not been the case
with the salaries of teachers.
It will be seen by referring to the Re
port of Cambria county for the year 1861,
that the average wages of male teachers
were 23.10, and of females $20.04 per
month. The repoit for 1863, shows the
average wages of males to be 23.78, and
of females 121.17, per month. These fig
ures show an increase in the salaries of
males of only 68 cents per month, and in
those of females an increase of only 6L13
per month, in a period of two years. -
The consequences of this cheap policy
are ruinous to the schools. Many1 of our
best teachers have left the profession,
during the past year, and unless the wages
are increased, tbe rest will soon follow
the example. I would also recommend
the grading of salaries according to quali
fications. It has heretofore been custom
ary, in many districts, to pay a second or
third class teacher as much as a first class
one. This practice discourages good
teachers, and . holds out no inducements to
bads ones to improve.
. ; J. FRANK CONDON,
Counoty Supt., Cambria county.
Joilnstown, June 6th, 1864.
When, bent on matrimony, look
more than skin deep for beauty, dive far
ther than the pocket for worth, and search
for temper beyond the good humor of the
moment remembering it is not always
the most agreeable partner at a ball who
forms the most amiable partner for life.
Virtue, like some tlowcra, blooms often
fairest in the shade.
Andrew Johnson, oTTennesse.e.
A SKETCH OF HIS LIFE AND SERVICES.
Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, was
born in Raleigh, North Carolina, Dec.
29th, 1808. When he was four years of
age he lost his father, who died from the
effects of exertions to save a friend from
drowning. At the age of ten ho was
apprenticed to a tailor in his native city,
with whom he served seven years. His
mother was unable to afford him any edu
cational advantages, and he never attend
ed school a day in his life.
While learning bis trade, however, he
resolved to make an effort to educate him
self. His anxiety to be able to read was
particularly excited by an incident which
is worthy of mention. A gentleman of
Raleigh was in the habit of going into the
tailor's shop and reading while the ap
prentice and journeymen were at work.
lie was an excellent reader, and his favor
ite book was a volume of speeches, princi
pally of British statesmen. Johnson be
came intereste J, and his first ambition was
to equal him as a reader, and become fa
miliar with those speeches. lie took up
the alphabet without an instructor, but by
applying to the journeymen with whom
he worked, he obtained a tittle assistance.
Having acquired a knowledge of the
letters, he applied for the loan of the book
which he had so often heard read. The
owner made him a present of it, and gave
him some instructions in the use of letters
in the formation of words. He now studied
at night, working at his trade in the day.
Having completed his apprenticeship ic
the autumn of 1824, he went to Laurens
Court House, S. O , where he worked as a
journeyman for nearly two years. There
he became engaged to be married, but the
match was broken off by the violent oppo
sition of the girl's mother and friends, the
ground of objection being Mr. Johnson's
youth and want of pecuniary means. In
May, 1824, he returned to Raleigh, where
he procured journey work, and remained
until September. He then set out to seek
bs fortune in the West, carrying with
him his mother, who was dependent upon
him for suppott. II stopped at Greenville,
Tenn., and commenced work as a journey
man. He remained there about twelve
months, married, and soon after went still
further westward; but failing to find a
suitable place to settle, he returned to
Greenville, and commenced business there.
Up to this time his education was lim
ited to reading, as he had never had an
opportunity of learning to write ot cipher;
but under the instructions of his wife he
learned these and other branches. The
only time, however, he could devote td
them was in the dead of night Thefirtt
office which he ever held was that of al
derman of the village, to which he was
elected in 1828. He was re-elected to the
same position in 1829, and again in 1830.
In that year he was chosen mayor, which
position he held for three years.
In 1835 he was elected to the legislature.
In tbe sess ion of that jear he took decided
ground against a scheme of intern
al improvements, which he contended
would not only prove a failure ut entail
upon the State a bardensome debt. The
measure was popular, however, and at the
next election (1837) he was defeated.
He became a candidate again in 1839.
By this time many of the evils he had
predicted Irom the internal improvement
policy which he had opposed four years
previous were fully demonstrated, and he
was elected by a large majority.
In 1840 he served as Presidential elec
tor for the State at large on the Democratic
ticket. He canvassed a large portion of
the State, meeting upon the stump several
of the leading WThig orators. In 1841
he was elected to the State Senate. In
1843 he was elected to Congress, where,
bv successive elections, he ferved until
1853. During this period of service he
was conspicuous and active in advocating,
respectively, the bill or reiunding the hne,
in 1846, imposed on Gen. Jackson at New
Orleans, the war measures of Mr. Polk's
administration, and a homestead bill.
In" 1853 he was elected Governor
Tennessee, after an exciting canvass,
which he was opposed by Gustavus
of
in
A.
Henry. He was re-elected in 1855, after
another active contest, his competitor being
Merdith P. Gentry. At the expiration
of his second period as Governor, in 1857
he was elected U. S- Senator for a full term,
ending March 3, 1863.
Ever since the outbreak of the rebellion,
Gov. Johnson has been the stern and un
compromising enemy of the slave oligar-
clusts. As senator ot the United states,
as a public speaker in behalf of (he Union,
and for these many months past as Milita
ry Governor of his own State, he has vig
ilantly end efficiently wrought in our holy
cause, and scored bis name high among
the earnest workers on behalf of t he im
perilled Republic.
Educational Department.
IAU communications intended for this column
should be addressed to "The Alleghanian."
American Education. What con
stitutes the true design of our school sys
tem? is a question that should be decided
in the mind of any person aspiring to
become an efficient instructor of American
youth. Much has been said at various
times, and by various persons, in regard
an "English Eduoation." To us, tha
expression has over seemed to be exceed
ingly inappropriate. Taken in a literal
sense, it can properly comprehend nothing
beyond a knowledge of the English lan
guage; and scarcely but that, for one can
hardly conceive of an education being
literally English, French, German or
American. But in a broader light, what
have we in America to do with an English
Education ? A certain course of instruc
tion may be well suited to the sea-girt
isle, but very far from being adapted to
our land. The Education about which
we should talk, and at which we should
aim, is an American Education. And wo
maintain that the true design of our
schools is to givo such a course of training
to the youth of our country. It may bo
maintained with some apparent force, that
the proper sphere of our public schools is
simply to impart the common rudiments
of education, in as much as it is impossi
ble for the majority of persons to have
more than very ordinary literary acquire
ments. This is a truth useless to deny,
though it is far from sufficient to show
that we ought not to extend to as many
as possible that degree and that kind of
Education requisite to the formation of a
worthy and capable citizen. As it is not
our present purpose to discuss the negative
points, we will offer a few suggestions on
what we conceive to be the true scope of
our system of instruction.
Although in the usual philosophies of
society and of the necessities for its for
mation and maintenance, the imparting
cf instruction to youth is not given as one
of its objects, yet among a people like
ourselves it is difficult to understand how
we can look upon it as else than one of
the mofct legitimate aims of a duly organ
ized State. If it is the duty of a State to
perpetuate its own existence, then, cer
tainly, it is its equal obligation to be chief ia
the cause of general Education. For how
can a Free State be perpetuated save by
the intelligence of its citizens ? And how
does it speak for a State dependent for
its life on the virtue and wisdom of its
masses, to leave instruction of youth to
the charity and enterprise of individuals
or churehes 1
Then it should first be sought to enable
every man and woman to read with ease and
write our noble English language. For the
promotion of business, and fair dealing ia
business, every" man should have a tolera
ble accuracy in figures.
The geography of America ought to be
more studied in our schools? The geog
raphy descriptive and physical, of our
country in its minute detail should be
fastened on the mind ot all youth, to im
press them with the extent, power and
grandeur of their native or adopted land
The fctudy ot our language as a science,
that is to say, the study of its Grammar,
should be made to play an important part.
For after one has sweat in the endeavor
to obtain a scientific mastering of native
speech, he will likely have a keen desire
to see, as also a taste to appreciate, its
beauties as displayed iu chaste, instructive
literary efforts. Moreover, by spreading
a knowledge of the Grammar of our lau
guage, we tend to make easy and correct
talkers, tnd thus promote social intercourse.
The history of our America abounds
with truth strauger than fiction, recitals as
beautiful as true, lessons as instructive
as they are enlivening, and yet it is tut
little studied iu our schooh?.
These studies should be comprised
among those pursued even in the humblest
of our schools. The privilege of these
should be laid before thejeast aspiring of
the land. There arcother studies scarcely
less important, that perhaps cannot be laid
before all, yet should be laid before as runny
as possible. But of tbceowe defer toepeabv
to a more convenient season.
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