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T;1! siKTCIIX.VSO.V, Publisher.
YOL. I.
"SLLEGHANIAfT DIRECTORY.
( Post Matter. District:.
, tr ..-k. Joseph Graham, Yodi r.
. s-atluti, Joseph iS Mardis, Llaeklick.
I'.cnjain'u YYirtner, Carroll.
w..ih;i-s. I'aal. Lit.inger, Chest.
" ' Jehu J. Troxell, YVasbitit'n.
M. C. M'Casue, Ebensburc
"i'.iijcr. Isaac TUomnsou.
Lot, ' J. M. Christy,
i" vIiii'.U, Joseph Gill,
.Via. M'G.ujjh,
'. 'vn, 'a. A. Hoggs,
Win. I w in u,
White.
Gallitzin.
Chest.
W.-.sht'n.
Johriit'wu.
Loretto.
Conem'ch.
M unster.
Coiitm'gh.
Susq'huu.
White.
Clearfield.
Richland.
W.uht'n.
Croyle.
Point,
K. Wissi ngcr,
A. Purbiu,"
Francis Clement,
Anurt-.v J. Ferra!
it. w. bowman,
Jo Moyer,
(.-cc-rge Conrad,
',. M't Ylran;
Win. Murray,
-..so-r
M;ss M. Gillespie Yvuiht'n.
Andrew Ifctk, S'ruruerhill.
v.'r -j';: Us v. D. H arriscx, Pastor.
Y.ig try Sabb.uh morning at loi
.'. -'i -i la lao v:iun: at 2 o clock, y.th
ut 1 o'clock. 1. M. Prayc-r tuct-t-
: Th:r.4-l.iy t-v-u!ii at (? o'clock.
:Jut iu Churcn 1 ev. .). suask.
;:...-r in charjrf. Ilc-v J. M. Smith, A.
i 'r-.'.ch;.Ti fVt-ry riib'wxih. alternately
-'..j k in the i.iorniT'.ir. or 7 iu tilt
i-: ibb ah Sch ol at 0 o'clock. A. M.
ever v
ird;t e veuia- at
LiJ'neni:.it Itcv. Li.. R. P.v.vfu..
. v.
-.tin Mi'TLiuur at
at '! c !ic k.
P. M. I' river
vesiit.- of ea-:
la-.-. Thursdav
...I :tt I i.Y!,:.-:ir-i
Moa-iay
: eV'TV Tu
.Ml
i t e
;u'. CS'.";. ti;e f rst w ffk
X'--t.'i i li ! It:-: .". JoHN W'.I.LIAMS.
- -1' .-.'..'; i iui; every .Sabb.tth evening at
oY-v.:-:. Sabbath School at 10 o'ttov.!:,
i'-'.vrr i:i:i-'.!!'':''frv Fiidav evoainj;"
l )-k. Socle tv cverv Tu'-jJav even::;'
P.2r.,.Vii.L!...Yi., rustor-Preach--v
.- .bb.i-.:i in :-r:i:nir tvt l'J o'clock.
,;Y ;r J-.;; ii.'.n Ukv. David Jknkins.
I'.-'-.-iiiinr everv Sabbath evening at
k. Sabbath School at 1 o'clo k. p'. M .
..'i.- I'.lv. M. J. Mitchel!., f :t:tor.
:"c-cy :.it; iji.'.ii m-!rjti,: at I'm o'clock
::.rj a. 4 o'clo: k iu the evening.
". AU.S AURIVF..
12 o '.!-.'. t
..ck, A. M.
.
A. M.
m ails ( losk.
; ':,.'.! v, iLt r.i, oYb.ek, A. M.
: . ' ;:t - O j - A. M.
. !ai":-i .'roi.'. c :it-! .1 .i''; i i:.-i .S -. rc-iu'r-.
.v . -i.-rv . on Ti-f-id-.v I rsi. c of
.. .. .-.i r. -k. P.
i!' --!'-'.':r n '' i. u s aa,l Thur.
: . ..-k. A. M.
t
(I
;. - ... Mail.- fr.a N-'-waan 3 M.i!
'':.. .V.'., nr:'i.! om dcii lay tad I-r
. t ,. . at .1 n'.'i.i'-k . 1'. M.
" i.'.. !-.-.' ji ...a Tu';.-..l:i 3 an 1
-ar
ty el i
.tur-
. : .. ; A. i .
i ;".; i.jicn oa Saad.iy i from
' : a. m.
n 3lk) ir? sc!?j::)i lj:.
V.'ILM' RK STATP.LN.
. Traie
' 'b
; Train
i'
le-:ve3 itl
P.-- A. M
K,l- P. V
S.2-1 IV M
py.,0 . M
C.3U A. M
Li!
x t v r r x n : 1 1 .
of th-: -Oi:rtt. Piesideut. Hon. i
liuutiii 1 ,i: ; A .-
Ri'-.h-.r-i J-mc-e Jr.
latfts, Gore
' IT,:. l)r-
V. Ionabl.
i -j i'f'hon',! ri;. t!
i - r and .'.'-.". - S!
jf rt A. .M Coy.
!Uo l lla.S e!i.
if
i-T lit' J 'iVC'.uVr.-
s-'.. if. -T:..h -rt P. Lin!---;.
-'' - ,..',-i7'.--Getr:;e C. K. Zidnn.
.' t'-.rti Phiiip S. Njoh.
' -..v -i ivnr. John hearer, AV.c!
': D.-vi-i '". Storm.
' . i., ';7nmi.!.vners. Georjy C. K. Zahni.
' ' (,'.;;i!(i;,'fi'inrr. John S. Kliey.
T' ! ',P"re J. Kudd'a.
-.r if inr-'t:-r. William Palmer,
-. . ' 0't!:ir.-.. Ml.-hael M Guire.
J'. ,r ,t.f 7V-.j.-o-r. iJoorire C. K. Zabm.
'-;..r !?,.!.! .c,i-'trd. .T.-.:tieS J. K- lor.
?! 'r.- .l;-,-'ro'..-r. Tholims vr'olUt-iL
.iu-H - r-.-- UeeS J. Lloxd, Ibiaiei Cobauth,
' .-.k.
' v.'v .Yn -'M'r. - Hfiiry Scanlan.
' -r. IV -r Do.mhert-. .
f.i"' 'nd'zti nf C-imrnon Schools. S. Yi.
aiick.
.nr.xsKL'itf; 5sm. orris i:ns.
-r;;- ir of tr.' J'cirt. David JI. Roberts,
o-.-.ia Kinkca.L
'.''.-- ..- Vndrew Lcti
1 -. C ,u:i-'i!. Andrew Levi. J.jshu i D.
Da
.: J t
OWls,
Ri
i li.ir-i J on i
J r.,
M.
H .1
C-tinrH. Jiirtie" ('. Noon.
. j Treasurer. Georpe (Jnrl y.
t;
i. Davis fi Lloyd.
,;. 'i r M-.. M. MTajruo,
'kr, TV.crr.ss M. Jom--. Recsa S.
ar-t Gl:i5, Wiliinm Davis.
A. A.
Llovd.
2r:i.Trr o" School Hoard.-
ran.
' "C'c'.V. tlturtre Gurley.
' r. G core Gurlev.
'iiird T. Divi?.
"".-'"cr j V II. Hobrrw, Dares' O
EBENSB'URG, PA., THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 10, "i860,
SELECT POETRY
iot! Save tlic States.
GoJ bless our tiatis-u lanj,
Firm may it ever stuml
Through storm an-1 niht:
Vlieii the v. ild tempests ravo
Rulfr of wind nnj wave !
Thou hast the power to save,
I5y Thy great might.
For her our prayers shall rise,
To Gd above the skies,
On lfiirt c 'wait.
Lord, licar our patient's cry,
lie Thou forever uigli
May freedom m.er die ;
God save the States I
Bff-re the Agricultural Soci'Uf of Blair and
Cambria Couniitf il'lirtred at Ouir J'utLc
J-J'itLiiiont, in Ocllirs It 59.
BY Or.O. TAYLOR.
Mil.
ANH "Ff.LT.OW CiTI-
zkns : Vur .scveiu! years pa.-t, Agricultu
ral Fairs, (county, s-tato, and national.
lotM- bei-.i hold atniually tlivnidiout this
countrv; ntid ti;o inteixst Avliich they cx
eito is evilently tij on tlie ineve:;so. This
is rui urtruir-cMit in their iavor. Jt .-iions,
at least, a .irrowinjr iutere-t in the suLjc-er.
There are still some who loul.-r tiieir util
ity ; who. tryii)-- them by the test by which
they aec;isU'ai themselves to ju'ic oi'
every j ubiic ainl rivate eiitorpri.se, 'cil'
it j-av ':" are disposed to write theiu
h'Vi ii as tinriltaLle. I .lo not at all aree
with those ho take this nanow Aie'.v of
the siit-jeer. f tlse'3' servc-t i;o other eiul
tha: t. atlV.r-.l a short sea:;on of relaxation
i'rom ti:e toils oi atherin; in tlie irnits of
the 5ehl. an-i of i-eatieniiLr the seed, ami
sta'-linLT the reriti d' a tuture harvest ;
if t-i.-v ser0'l only to atToril neeJfe.l rest
to inu-cles, taxed with the unal,at l h-.bor
of a vear, and to inve to the mind tci-yo-rary
relief from one unbroken and unvari-. d
train of anxious busiuess thought; if
this were merely a "harvest home," or a
4fea.stof the harvest," in which, fbrrrettiji.L'
their toil, and ieavini;; care behind, the
copie of tills eounty Iiad eo:uc up hither
to meet and greet one smother iu social
brotherhood and friendship, and rejoi'-e
toLTvther in t I'.e eotnmon dessi:i:.s ol a kind
and l-.-uutiful I'rovidenee, would, it
1 1
s--.-' : to ik umpi repay us ah J-
::! f.a n? raerifo-.- i-:-:.i'-t- i.
... .
am
Hot i'-.r b.-vo;.. this are the anus
is and
nieris of tbe.-e v'd lie exhihii tons. Their
lend- i"-v .- to .-ite a:i 1 elieiT.-h ;t iecp
:iiMM; interest hi tee;
re.it
er, te r-orgjn-
oriso which Your society has been
Your society
izeu to I'rouioi.e ; ami o ci" "
.standard of iust appreciation, in his own,
and to CicY
and in general public Ytim:.tion, the eal-!-
and tli toil oi the husbandman and
the mechanic '! ho aim, as well as the
trod :iiev. moreover, is to r.i.-iru
et both.
Wo cann-.t coiae here, iei'ow e;:
( tiLL.i 'e willi "no another in an in
a : I
Y
of views, and compare, in their results
1
exhibited,
our seA era! fi tiovuvcmo s. witu-
out ea-.h and all of ti'- h-ar
:u', ' some Ic- s- a
of p,rae
I i-i to to r:llirm. who wth not no
house
reauy
to ri-.-now eOoe tnat ne na.- ie;nn
" , , .i .i i. A
' ' .' - . . . . i .
Itiait;
or that, he has been sitmuta-
ted, by what lie has here heard aud seen,
to the "purpo-e of making at least one ad
vance
tc
in some
department ol In.
calling. This sentiment, L am pursttaoe I,
is me.v. in this .-Teat day of the "Fair, 'so
dec-plv impcessei
1 upon the minds oi ail
present,
tl
:it no lurther viuatcaiion ci
these public exhibitions is repaired.
The most powerful incentive to the ac
complishment of everything sought in the
ortra'nizati-m yl efforts of agricultural so
cieties, is a iiic appreciation of the inter
ests concerned, considered relatively with
all th.? other interests of society at largo;
the most serious obstacle to be encountered
and. overcome, is the tendency, as a people
progress in wealth and relinemenr, to un
dervalue these, disparage labor, and strip
it of its merited worth and dignity. The
result of a false sentiment, here, is to en
courage ami foster .1 purpose on the part
of tho.-e engaged in Lvlustrial pursuits,
' i:.. . f .i..; .i.;i.i,-.... in
mo
more esoeeianv o. mci -"'"-., i.
... thron oo oncer tli'iu tuey s
hail
find themselves able to engage in some
.l.Y.... ..i-.. vi.-v :iml-honorable ; or until
"i,,lS j . '. -i r . i
they can outer upon some imagined uel.l
of employment, where intellect and mtel-ii-ei,ee
will have fiaa r scope, and Dud their
merited re ward. This false sentiment and
its fruits, i-tra-ige as it- m: seem, arc to
be found in this count r. , and amongst us.
Lamcukks were not long since spoken
of, by a .lirtingui-bed member of the Uni
ted .States Senate, as "the Mt-D-?iM.s cf
society." The sentiment of the figure, in
its tone and drapery, was to disparage la-
: l,or. I hat. w,? '
niZ in :C
I WOULD RATI1FK BE RIGHT THAN
The senator's words, without the adjec
tive, are true. Those who toil in the
told and in the work-shop, in our mines
and. manufactories, and in every other
scene of active industry, sustain to the
social structure the place which the "siW
docs in the framework of a building,
they support and uphold it. "Without
them, it would fall, and fall to the low
point at which civilization starts ! Xo
proposition is suseepiible of more satisfac
tory demonstration, than that we owe ev
ery thin; of wealth and jrreatness of which
as a nation we justly boast, to the instru
mentality of toilintr heads and hands,
or, in other words, to the I'ltom'CTi vk
IND'.'STKY el the country. Our national
greatness is its handiwork ; our national
wealth, its treasured garueiinjis.
Since the declaration made io the pro
genitor of our race, after his expulsion
from Kden, ''in the sweat of thy face shalt
thou tat bread." the- NKCKs'SiTY of labor
lias been on whit'M? amf bi'ji.iftsiWe c x
JUTION of loirrmit 2"''rj" '''.', ami
Jiaj'pinrss. For nearly i-i x thousand years,
no race of society of the progeny of Adam
have been able to attain or exist in a
tate of dcHhati-m. without its instrumen- i
talitv. jarbarians alone, (if we except
those in civilized communities, whom it
has pampered into forgetl'ulness of their
origin, and into that pride which can
thoughth-ssiv disparage it.) h:tve lived ami
passed away without it; t.nd they have lived
and passed away without, leaving behind
them history or monument. From the
beginning, labor has been, and is. found
necessary even, or at least largely con
ducive, to the perfect health of the phys
ical, mental, and moral man. Th- phys
ical fiuvs of the man of toil are increas
ed by his hi'.or; while the body that has
not tiie exercise of some useful employ
ment, becomes enervated and feeble. The.
be.-t native intellect is dwarfed by inu'"".
tivity. The animal passie.ns, like rank
weeds in a fertilo bur unfilled soil, take
possession of the drone un I idler, predom
inate over hi moral a flections, nud he be
comes debased ami brutalized. We see
daily, the penalty of the all-pervading
organic law, in enfeebled bodies, dwarfed
intellects, and in living illustrations of the
plaint but true saying, that 4 'an idle man
brain is the devils workshop.'
if we view this nece-Mfy as an organic
i.aw, adapted to our present condition, we
see in it the charaelevistie which Infinite
wisdom and troodness have impressed upon
every law given by !od to l is creature
man, fttat, wli'le it may not be violated
with imputiitv, obedience tends to promote
'cttr own an. 1 sul vt-eiitl happine-s."
Hot.ee it is the channel through which lie
convey- to us, as nat:or.'and in'uivt.l'.tals,
every temporal beticlit and blessing.
lie
land,"
nas i."
!1 US, HI',
t! lends
...11 y
-a land wliich, fiom its extent and
varied climate, ami the ro-nness ami variety
of soil upon it ' inrfaee, is, in its capacity
to pvi b-ice b'. d for man, unsurpassed by
any other upon the globe; but then ire
viihi Tti.f, '. We n.o.st plow, ::ikI sow,
and re.ip. Jt will not yield its fi ui's :th
niit the, etive and toil of the husbandman.
ll 1.-1 i i
He h:
SUlfo
weak!
must
s cmbo'.ccih-d hi
;eai.ii the vegetating
e, the rich
ro'itest st-ires oi Mineral
:; but v:. ;i-il MINK ttitm. we
dig them out ; and they must uu-
,i
liero nece;
V chanircs at tlic liand of
the mechanic and artisan, in a hundred
departments of labor, before they answer
the thouSaid uses for which they are val
uable to man. lie has planted in our
forests the lofty oak and the stately pine,
vieimr with the "cedars of Lebanon ;" but
tlif nutsruhir arm of the v:voIsmui mux!
rv.I.1. tin -tn ; and the hand of labor must,
form and fashion them, in conjunction
with what labor has wrought out from our
minerals, h.to their component parts of
our houses and barns, and furniture, aud
cars, and carriages, and implements, and
machinery, and things innumei rble, to
minister to the wants, and gratify the're
nued tastes of civilized man ; must fashion
them into the mighty ships and towering
masts that carry our canvass into every
sea, and bear our stripes and stars around
the world. And so of almost everything.
These are but illustrations. Why, even a
piece of coin, made cmt of the precious
metals, and esteemed value itself, and the
itaudard and measure of value, only an
swers its purpa.se after it has been dug up
by the Land of the miner, and passed
through the crucible of the refiner, and
has the impress and signet, "the image
and superscription" of the artisan upon it.
The richest gilhs ol God are only io be
enjoyed through our labor ; and lie hon
ors us by making us co-workers with Him
self. Let us then not forget that man is
only ftilulliiig his destiny' that lie can
only do it in the dignity of true manhood;
that he is onlv observing the laws oi hie,
and health, and harmincss. when he i'
i i.,horin-. in som. way. tor himrelf and
0th,r," Lot never los, sight cf the
PEEi'IDEXT. IIesrt Clay.
great truth, that we are indebted as a peo
ple, under od, for everything entering
into national wealth, and crrcatness, and
power, that distimruish.es us from the tribes
of wandering Arabs, or of our own abo
rigines, to Ilis blessing upon productive
industry.
The threat interests of a nation are clas
sed, (admitting, it is true, of a more mi
nute elassilieation,) into three sreneral
divisions': agricultural, manufacturing, and
commercial. Those employed in the first
two only are producers ; 1hc other, the
commercial, though vastly more assuming
and arrogant, and, like a spoiled child,
hard to Leeu out of mischief, is entirely
secondary and dependant. Those enquired
in it are idle, until the commodities and
fabrics iu which they trade are furnished
by the lauor of. tue producing classes.
lhev "uiiv au l sell, and ret uain. ur.oti I
ly au l sell, and get g;
the products of labor. Their wealth, when
. .
successful, is but an amassment of the
fruits of the producer's toil.
Of the two producing interests, agricul
ture holds the first place in importance ;
fur, while they, togethei, furnish the ma
terials for trade and commerce, it feeds
su, tains the life of all. The calling
of t he hu --band man is entitled to precedence
and pre-eminence, not 'merely because it
was the primitive employment of man, but
because it supplies the veins and arteries
of all those who labor, and chose who live
UPon the labors of others, or, it' you please,
who "live by their, wits," with their life
blood. Let some dire calamity fix immo
vably the plow in the furrow ; lct the
toiling arm ,f the husbandman become
paraljzed, and the earth refuse to yield
her increase, and what would soon be the
.Jesuit ' What would become of vaunting
commerce and its proud marts? Karth's
cities Would soon be left
'Without sourel or lr"-ad,
Aud slop- be drifting with ihu 'lead,
To Shores wt-ra ail hert dumb I''
The stillness and desolation of death
would overspread the earth.
While, however, AtY'tlcUl.TURK holds
this front plaee ami rank, and may, in ;
sense readily perceived and understood,
claim pre-eminence over all other pursuits
of men, there is an equally palpable, and
an acknowledged relationship ami depen
dence amongst ail the branches of Pl'to
lit'CTI VK INDc STUY. Mai:, while he cannot
subsist at all without the labor c
Landman, "cannot live
1!
CiYUlZCM SO-
;ty. and m thv
nvenic.uc-es au
ent ', motits et its varied
1 U-s-im:s, "bv bread
-.ei-,f .
.me." Th
atrr'culturis-t, while be feeds
and nouvi dir-s, ;,r..l siisialns tin n, is in iebt
td for ii:e vvu-y implements of Ids oil. for
the temple in which he worships his iod,
and acknowb d- s the rich bounties oi' his
Creator, for the dwelling that shelters
him, and the numerou-s conveniences, aud
comforts with which it is stored, as v cilas
for the raiments he wears to the manu
facturer, the mechanic, and the artisan.
And then, he is dependent upon them ibr
a market for his surplus pro iuo. There
, m iriiLii. areiation-
do
penoeuo
!l-':il'- the
if productive la.
and industry wimdiiitid an apt
and iilostratiou in the fellowship and tie-
r enIci:ee of the members of the human
body. "The eye cannot say to the hand
I have no need ot tliee , nor a-j-aiii t lie
head to the feet, 1 have no need of you.
There is a piopriety, then, Mr. Presi
dent and Members ot the Agricultural
S'oeiety, in taking into fellowship with
yon, and inviting hither ly yotir premluny
list, and every other encouragement you
can ofer, all hose praiseworthy ami hon
orable avocation it is to vroim'CK, by the
labor of their hands and intellect, ANY
THiNti VAIAAU1.K. And it is matter of
gratulation, that, with the stock, and the
produce of the field, the orchard, ami the
garden, here exhibited by your farmers.
Your manufactories and Yvorivsaoes have
been laid under contribution, and have
added to this exhibition and display, the
varied productions of your manufacturer;
enevgv and enterprise, and the numerous
specimens of the industry and skill of your
mechanics ; all highly creditable to the.
various departments of iu-bestry repre
sented. Jiut it is my purpose to speak to-day
more particularly upon the subject of ao
HICMJLTLIU:. After what I have deemed
it proper to say of this already, as a great
and leading branch of the productive la
bor of the country, in order to ho'd'it up
in the view of those engaged in it, and of
all others, as worthy of all honor and en
couragement, I bespeak your patient atten
tion to :i few practical ebversatiens. I en
ter upon this part of my subject with dif
fidence. The theme is so extensive,
branching out into so many distinct pans
or topics, any one of which could not he
intelHziblv discussed within the limits of
au address, or all of them within the Km-
irnf a volume, that, when compelled to
x.ake , .elecnon, I ,t
loss to kcofv
what particular subject would be likely to
prove of most practical interest to my
auditors, or what remarks, if any, I could
make, would be most likely to "prove in
structive. And then again, I see around
me many intelligent and experienced far
mers, of whom, in respect to knowledge
and experience upon the subject, it may
seem presumptuous in me to aspire to be
the peer; and at whose feet it would seem
to be more fining, perhaps, I should sit
and learn. Nevertheless, gentlemen, since
I am before you, 1 must strive to contrib
ute my part, though it be but a mite, to
the exercises of the occasion, intended for
our mutual benefit, iti-.tr action uud ad
vancement.
I. It is ipuite apparent, my friends, th at
agriculture, though it has been practised
since the creation of man, has not kept
steadv Tinr-e witli other ;irfj but
. , -
in
this
country, at least, is far behind many eth
er branches of active industry. Our far
mers, as a class, except, of course, many
to be found iu every part of the country,
have pursue! their calling a. a means
of subsistence, cultivating their land- as
their fathers had done, without troubling
themselves to inquire whether other modes
of culture might produce more remunera
tive results. They bave not generally
courted, but, ou the contrary, have been
ready to spurn, the proffered aid of sci
ence. When told for instance, what lies
at the very foundation td' their business,
that scientific analysis demonstrate? that
certain constitutents of soil, in ascertained
proportions, adapt it to the growth of par
ticular crop ; that in most soils some of
these qualities are wanting, or not found
in the requisite proportions, and may be
supplied by the application of manures, or
bv mode of treatment aaapted to different
kinds of soil, and must be thus supplied
or regulated, to secure a completely suc
cessful result, many are found, even in
this day of liaht and knowledge, ready to
sit this down as "hook-farm and,
closing their c es against the light of sci
entific truth,. tested and proved by experi
ence, arc content to rroie on in the dark, r-s
they had done before. Ihis is a radical
error. It is an error in ro'-'e -, it is true,
with many, who, so far as theory u-oe-s, ;;re
sufficiently informed uron the stibioet. but
who still act against or without the liiiht
ol tneir own knowledge. .Many have ne'
er given themselves the trouble of iimui
rin.' whether these thinus be sc. All.
however, must, sooner er later, rise above
this error, or find themselves 'ageing bo-
hind their age. They must Lam, if they
(to not lurca-lv Know, that their iaor, iu
order to - cure m-t only the best, but prof-habK-results,
must iutclligen'iy, as well
as industriously, prosecuted. There is, iay
fiiends no calling in the proper ami
profitable prosecution cf which it is more
requisite that the MiN! should co-operate i
With the hands ; to read. lIi.uk, relha t and
reason, as well as toil. The qualities of
the' particular kind of soil which it is his
business to cultivate, what it lacks or
needs "to adapt it to the pvcJ action,
in the greatest quantity and perfee'den,
of the crops which lie proposes to raise,
wdiat is. therefore, necesa.iry to be
done at the outset, to adapt the one
to the other. what is nee I fa I to supply
or pre -servo the constituent elements of
good soil, or bring it back to fertility if it
has been exhausted by culture ; iu other
words, the subject of MAXfiirs, their sev
eral kinds, qualities, (especially with ref
erence to his own wants, ) and the proper
mode of preparing the soil for the seed or
pla-xt, including strnsoii.iNn and iuiain
agk ; all these are elementary subjects of
inquiry with which it is almost as essen
tial every farmer should lie familiar, a?
that the physician should understand the
disease of his patient, and the qualities of
the medicines in his jars.
Hut time will not admit of entering in-
to a discussion of these subjects in detail.
To do so, with the hope of rendering the
discussion prolitaioo, wouol quite exceed
tho limits it au address on an -eeca-io-i
like the present, and exhaust your pa
tience. I can only find time to dwell upon
them sumeictitiy to indicate their imp.
tatiee, and, it pe.-sib;e, to excite inquiry .J double, at least ;, id many instance?, four
1 must nfer vou lor details to sources of j
information har.pilv abundant, and
vail
able to all. These important topics Lave
been treated of by men cf science and ex-
perience for the benefit and instruction of j ,;:.u. v;;u t.lt.tJ wu.u i.ecesity will work it.
others; and these discussions, in a plain j jt -s ROtj 1 believe, a visionary fanov of
and practical form, are within the easy j tpu fu,ure of this great country, to sup
reach fd' every one who desires to learn. , ,,;,. t w;u so,;,'e vay eonUi.i, aud iu
lou neeu go no imuici uuu io ui m.ia
rv of your society for the requisite infor
mation. In its volumes, and in the peri
odical issues oi tue pre-Si, you nave, iu ad
dilion, the recorded experiments tuners.
Let me also, therefore, urge- upon the atteu-
thin of every one jresent the importance
of taking some good poriedieal; devoted to
agriculture ami kindred subjects. I have
in mv hand a number of the "A MRU I CAN
1 AoRicvx.rvr;r5r," publi-he 1 in the city
TFTVq- ' 5F,K 4WI M.
' " iSi-SO IX AIV.t.CE.
NO. 20.
New York, by Orange Judd, which I can
inosi neartiiy recommend. It ooiitu
ams
aoout t.'i.-n
pages, the volume nearly four
hyitfnJ pages, always of highly interes
ting matter, lor the small pittance of
one dollar per annum, it will come into
youv hands and into your houses every
month, full of seasonable aud valuable in
formation and instruction upon every sub
ject relating to your business. If you
would take it one year, you would not" be
without it; and your children, for they
will find in it their "department,'' will
be as much interested and instructed by
its pages, and anticipate its monthly visit
as taeeilv, as vou. If I could i,,ivciri,b
every farmer here who does not already do
so to fake this, or some other o-..od aVri-cultnr-d
paper, I would feel that I had
rendered valuable service to the good cause
in this couutv.
1L. lhere is anot.ier
rear
error, my
friends
wmen enters into ou
r BVKTKil
iarminer,
and. which, ".r must be
icknowl-
edged, is committed along with others, by
our best informed and intelligent farmers.
W e aim at too much. We farm too mueh
Our farms are too large. The result is,
they are not half tilled : by our very best
farmers, thj arc. nr-i half tllirj.
j he acenig." yield of our best agricultu
ral districts, it, is well known, is little over
ntic-hitf and in some scarcely one-fourth,
of the capacity of a w..!l tilled acre.' Com
pared with the cultivation, and its results,
of an occasional small lot of grout. d here,
and of entire farms, (lot, 'also, to be sure,
com pared with our farms) in some Luro
pean countries, that is found to be true.
We have got into the habit of t kinking
that a farm, to be worth- the attention of
any farmer, must contain two, three, or
four hundred acres; and that lie farms it
to little purpose unless he puts out annu
ally, forty, fifty, seventy-live, or a hun
dred acres of wheat and rye, and of other
crops in proportion. Whatever his limit
is. lie has Ids crop to put cut, his ni;5i
r.Kit f acres, lie skims the surface of
furrow less than six inches deep, per-
mi.
aud so huiTiouiy. in order to get
over it, that if his plow strikes a stone and
is jostled out, he has not time to stop and
adjust it, so as to break up all the ground
even to that depth, which he undHrPikei
to cultivate .Many, indeed, do it better;
but ill is, it is well known, is the practice
r-t'.. ,,...'.-!.- .-.C -v.... C..,., ..V,.., If..
j yi .-ti iitiiu. is, ,i.v, c-
pecialiy wnen
it i remembered that the
roots of wheat, ii th.-:
y have the opportu-
r.dy, v.ia penetrate the earth two feet, r.nd
of c -mraou red clover three feet, and that
the moisture which a fbw inches oi soil is
capable of retaining will evaporate and dry
out bv the slightest droimht. ?riv, even
if the soil itself were possessed of ovory
requisite of fertilitj-, why should we
wonder at the low average of our fields '
The whole might doubtless be made to
yield equal with any single acre ; or with
the same quantity of land in Furope. or
anywhere else, under like treatinc t. But,
to eiTc-et this result, a soil of sufficient
depth must be provided, by deep plough
ing an .1. subsoihng, thorough stirring, and
the juaicious an
i : .
Uioti ot the
ssary
Urtiiizmg agouts. j fn is vol jo-or'e.o'.-o;
, T ... t ...
- m wt'-Ji i- n:teni),tc(r ; nor, uniertt:-
nateiy. is it readily thought .necessary.
Our farmers are not readily impressed
with the necessity, or even the economy,
of cultivation involving, apparently, in the
first instance at least, so much labor and
expense upon a few acres comparatively,
when they have so much, land to cultivate.
They do not readily appreciate the advan
tage of raising uron one acre what rliev
now raise uno-i three er four, icicii
Ifn" tit" three f t few a; res, and when the?
labor and cost of putting in a thorough
state cf cultivation, and of properly tilling
the one acre, seem to be so considerable,
l'ut tlila labor and expense, it should bo
remembered, would only be so m-seh pro
portionately greater in the first instance.
Make and fertilize the soil the requisito
j depth, remove the impediments to thor-
Oil;
as
:h tillage. and the one
acre
irk
is almost
so far a
-ilv cuhi
vateu aiterw
: cultivation goes, as any other acre in tho
field; while th
ield would doubtless !
i I old
- i i
I'crhaps
a ro.'VjJrfr reformation upon
this Subje.-
will m.- er be effected in ihi
eountrv, while laud is so abundant. The
- , sol- po. required to snpnoit, mar.y-fe-ld in
present population. Hie time will com,;
when thorough tillage will he a nrccfsi'y;
- J u e r0l,uis;te that,
j
!
1
j
',
'l-ivery rood mantain its man,"
fONel-UsjliN NKVr WKE K..J
Tri-T.jTi-i- s 1 v v i ith . v
-e.au-
uage is most .i-'cidediv given to
trunk-
of tu roan to di.--5.1kc hi thoughts.'
J
ir