I'rrll of the Early ffrtilrr, of Fcnnsylrn
nln.
N'oflTllLMlll RI.AND OS THK St'SQt'KH INNA.
' lie comfort and prosperity of the (owns on
:!iis and ntlior central rivers, in the iniildle
'"tales, have been dearly bought by the acri-
ices ol the pioneer?, wlio went in advance of
eiv ilizittinn, nml over whose pravea the grass
ih Imrdly yet mulled with time. It i ncecs
ary to look hack constantly to the recent dttte
of the chronicle o( those border contest, to re
alise that centuries have not elapsed since
these flourishing fields were contended for,
liutid to hunt!, by the white and red man.
It was only in 1778, that the increasing in
nvids on the settlements in this part of the
country compelled many ofthe inhabitants to
ilnndon their farms, and congregate nt the rude
tor's scattered along the frontier, where they
could resist, to more advantages, the dangers
which threatened them. An exciting tale is
recorded of a contest between on old man and
t vo Indians, under the following circumstan
ces. Duvid Morgan the hero of the story, was
upward of sixty years of age. Ho owned a
small firm about a mile from one ofthe forts;
mid nn the day of the adventure, not feeling
very well, he had sent his son and daughter
1 1 feed the cattle, at the deserted barn, and
hid gone to bed, in the fort. As he slept, he
dreamed that he saw his children making to
wards him, scalped. The fancy was bo vivid,
that he started from his sleep, and, finding they
ti.ul not returned, took his gun, and walked out
ripiuly to find them. He reached the farm in
reat agitation, but the children were not
th'.'re, and he sat down on a log to recover
his composure. Ho had not sat long, before
t vo Indians came out of hishouse,and made
towards his son and daughter, who were at a
distance, preparing the ground tor melons.
Fearing to alarm them too much, and thus
deprive them of the power of escaping, he kept
his scat; and, in his usual tone of voice, ap
prizing them of their danger, and told them to
run towards the fort. The savages raised a
terrific cry, and started in pursuit, but the old
man showing himself ot the same instant, thej
took to the shelter of the trees. Morgan then
attempted to follow his children ; hut in a min
ute or two finding that the savages sained upon
him, he turned to fire. They instantly sprang
In hind trees, and the old man did the same, ta
king aim at one ofthe Indians, whose refuge, a
sini'l sapling, did not entirely cover his body.
As he was on the point of firing, the savage
('..It his exposure, and dropped behind a pros
trate log, close at his feet. The next instant
the reserved 6hot took effect, beneath the log,
and the Indian rolled over, stabbing himself
in the breast.
Having disposed of one of his foes, Morgan
nbindoned the shelter of his treo and took to
fl ght. The Indian pursued, and the race was
continued about sixty yards, when, looking o
ver his bhoulder, the old man saw the gun rai
ted, within a few paces of him. He sprang a
side, and the ball w hizzed harmlessly by. It
was now a more equal content ; and Morgan
shuck at tho Indian with his gun icceiving
bl the sumc instant a blow from a tomahawk,
which severed one ofthe fingers from his left
hand. They closed immediately, and theindi
an was thrown, but overturned the old man,
with a powerful effort ; and, sitting on his
breast, uttered his yell of victory, and felt for
his knife. A woman's apron which he had sto
len from the farm house, and tied round his
waist, embarrassed him ; and Morgan seized
one of his hands between his teeth, and, getting
hold, himself, of tire handle of the knife, drew
it so sharply through the Indian's fingers as to
wound him severely. In the struggle they re
gained their feet, and still retaining his hold on
the fingers in hi mouth. Morgan cave him a
stab which decided the contest. The savage
fell, and, afraid that others of the tribe might
be lurking near, the exhausted old man made
the best of his way to the fort.
A party immediately went out to the spot
where the struggle had taken place, hut the
fallen Indian was not to be seen. They track
ed him by his blood to a fallen tree, where he
was endeavoring to staunch his wounds with
the stolen apron. On their approaching him,
he affected to smile, and endeavored to cnnrili
ate them, crying out, in his broken English,
How do, broder ! how do, brodcrl" There
was little mercy in store fur him, however. To
the shame of our white race, it is recorded that
-tlev tomahawked and sculped him ; and af
tiTards flaying trotli him and his companion,
they converted their skins into saddle-seats
and punches 1"
An Indian Mirdi.kkr Mikdkrkd in his
Cixl. In the Winnebago country, recently,
some Indians drank the rum which the
whites furnished them, and killed two of
the whites and a child; three were convicted
and sentenced to bo hanged on the lvJth ot Sep
tember lust ; the Governor of Iowa pardoned
one, and the execution was postponed, a wM
of error vas taken to the Supreme Court, and
the judgment ujjirmtd. Meanwhile aoine
white prisoners broke jail and coaxed one of
the Indians out with them, the other refused to
go. The one vi ho reaped returned the next
day, stating that it whs ton cold out of doors.
O.i the Sid ult., the KheritV on going into the
cell to look after the Indians found one of them
dead, hit fellow prisoner having beaten him t.i
death.
WaTc Ths Kunlili, ut redu.-ed wag's
for labor, will s-jonwurk cheaper than they do
At G-'iieva Wokm r in Manchester get up the
entire works nf a .v.itrh in food rtylc for righ
(t -en shilling.
DecUloti In niprrf flight of Con
sciences
Judge Banks, in a case recently tried in Le
high county, in this State, has given an opin
ion directly tho reverse of that given by Judge
Lewis, of Lycoming, a year or so ago, respec
ting the right which a parent has to control his
minor children in their religious opinion. It
appears that a father entered a Methodist Epis
copal Church for his daughter, a girl of fifteen
years of age, took her by the arm, raised her
from her knees and told her to come home.
This produced excitement, which terminated
in violence and assault and battery, upon
which an indictment was found and the case
tried.
In the opinion of Judge Dank, given on this
occasion, and which has been published, the
Constitution guarantees the right of every indi
vidual to adopt any creed or mode of worship
which his conscience approves, though this li
berty of conscience is restricted to the worship
ofAlmignty God, and extends to noother wor
ship whatever. The Constitution declares that
"no human authority can in any case whatever
control or interfere with the rights of con
science." The exercise of parental authority
by a father, so as to control or interfere with
the right of conscience of minor child would,
in Judge Banks' opinion, be an exercise of hu
man authority, so as to control or interfere with
the rights of conscience in a particular case,
whereas it is declared, that it cannot be done in
any case whatever. This, ho says, is the fun
damental law of the land. It is binding upon
all parent.
In the course of the pleading, the counsel
for the commonwealth argued that, in this case,
a parent has the right to teach hi minor chil
dren any religious opinions and practice he
pleases, and to enforce compliance on the part
of his children, and that in this case, the prose
cutor had a right to take his daughter out of
the church, &c, &c.
Judge Lewis, it will be remembered, gave
his opinion in a similar case, that during legal
minority, the law of filial obedience takes the
precedence of all other laws which are binding
on the chilil.
Now, which of these opinions is correct and
which w ill be considered sound law ! That of
Judge Lewis was sustained by an eminent law
yer. Judge Kent, if we mistake not, whose let
ter to Judge Iifwiswas written about the time
his opinion was first published. Phil. Ledger.
Mr. TUrfin's Cou.-BnrAKtNo Maciiink,
which was invented, made, and fur some time
past in operation in this city, has, we learn.
been purchased and put up and in operation, in
connection with a ten-horse power steam en
gine, at or near Minersville, Schuykill Co., by
Mr. Gideon Bast, coal operator of that place.
Those engaged in the coal business in Schuyl
kill Co. can therefore now have an opportuni
ty, we presume, of examining, in their own im
mediate vicinity, the performances of this won
derfully powerful machine, which we believe
to be a valuable hbor-saving improvement.
Its advantages are highly estimated by Mr. Bist,
and by others interested in the business, who
have witnessed it performances, as we notice
by certificutes which they have given to that
effect, and one is about lobe cons'rurted and
erected fer Andrew B. White, of I'ottsville,
onother fur the extensive mining operation of
the Delaware Coal Co., in PotNville, of which
John K. White, of this city, is President, and
others by other parties.
With an engine of sufficient capacity, say
ten-horse pjwer, it is estimated that this ma
chine is capable ofbresking three hundred tons
per day, equal to the lubor jf tixty men nt five
tons each, or of nearly forty men at eight tons
each. It may be so connected with a number
of screens as to have the coal screened equal
ly as rapidly. It is believed to possess a dou
ble advantage over the usual mode of break
ing coal by hand, by not only saving an enor
mous cost of time and labor, but by causing
from fifty to one hundred percent, less waste
than by the present mode ot breaking on places
adopted to the purpose. Ttiecost of breaking
and screening with the machine is estimated
at about three cents per ton, while the cost is
said to have been 25 cents and upwards, here
tofore, or from 15 to SK cents for all the coal
mined, whether broken or not. The charge
made by the inventor for the right to uso the
machine is twocentt per ton. PAH. Lid.
The Amfrican Tract Sm iey v have recent
ly remitted 1000 for Trust operations among
tin Armenians in Turkey ; jjjlOOO for Ceylon ;
iglOlK) tor the General Assembly's Mission, in
Northern India ; $1000 tor the Missions of the
Board of Commissioners in China ; $500 for the
Mission ofthe American Baptist Board in Chi
na ; and $'.'00 for Belgium.
Cvnsfcr ation. The Rev. Mr. Ilenni, of
Cincinnati, Bishop elect of Milwaukic, and the
Rev. Mr. Reynolds of Louisville, Bishop elect
of Charleston, were consecrated on th 19th
ioM., in ft. Peer's Catholic Cathedral, Cin
cinnati. Tun Countenance. Amenity of temper lias
a great efTeet upon the countenance. A woman
lately died at Ptforia, over 70 years of age, and
it is said her fsce was as smooth and her skin as
no ft as a young girl's. But she was a quiet, trun
jil h 'aiteil creature. Care never troubled her,
and she bad never been known to frown. Vcri'y,
in. I 'et,
How noinelcsi fulls the foot of Time,
Vi Idii it only treads on flowers."
The most manifest sign of wibdom is continued
cheerfulness : her estate is like that of things in
ti'jn.... at ve I lie loi'f.i. ;il . ay ileal uu J "ere lie
THE AMERICAN.
Saturday, Jlprtl 6, 1844.
Democratic JYomlnatloiis.
ron rov Fit mm.
IIKXRY A. M UIII.KNnr.lUt.
FOR r.Mtl. f OMMtSStOM R,
JOSHUA 1 1 A KTS 1 1 0 X K.
FOR i-osnnrsi,
JOHN SNYDER.
ELECTORS,
For Prem'drnt and Yire President nf the V. Sfutee
WILSON M'CANTLESS,
Senatorial.
ASA DIMOCK
REPRESENTATIVE.
Cm. F. I.runx, II. CroRor. SeiiNjMJi.r,
CmnsTHi Kneasv I t. Nath'i.. It. F.i.t.r.Et),
tViLiioi H. Smith, 1.1. M.N. Irvine,
John llit.i.. (Phila.) 10. Jams. WooMitfiN,
SAMirn. E. Levxh, 17. llivm Mo.ntgomfry
1
2.
3.
A.
.1.
C. Sami fi. Coir,
7. .Trssr Shaute,
8. X. W. Sample,
0. V.'m. IIeii'k.nri-kii,
10. Con n An Sunn R.
11. Stethfv Pauy,
12. Jonah PnrwsiFR,
IS. Iuc Ankntv,
19. John Matthew,
20. Wm. Pattetso.v,
21. Am.kfw lk'RKE,
2'?. John M'Gii.r.,
11. Christian Mvf.ii,
21. Koiiery Okr.
(fj" V. II. Pai.mfii, Esq. nt bin Renl Eslste nrnl
Coal office. No. 59 Pine SS'rcet, Philx.lrlpliin, is an
lhoried to act s A cent, and lo rrceive and receipt
fur all monies due this olTice, for sutwripli.iii or ad
vertising. Ov" Brevier Tver;. 100 lbs., or more, of sec
ond hand brevier type, for sale nt this ollice, lit
IS cts. per lb . cash. The type are the came us
those used in our advertising columns.
Our Court commenced last Monday, and
was numerously attended. Our new Jiule, f!en.
Anthony, took his seat on the Peneh in the after
noon, ami piesided with as niurh ease and pravi
tv as il he had been in MU'h business heretofore.
P"7Our enEii;:eincr,ts in Court, have prevented
us from fui niching the usual amount of editorial,
this week.
fT" Wc shall not be able to furnish a correct
letnrn of the election until our next.
D-V The Cotiit adjourned on Thursday lat,
to Monday morning next. Hiving the jurois, and
those in attendance, time to return home to the
election, held on Friday.
Cjr We have neglected, heretofore, mention
ing the rc-appointnient of Mr. Jon Youmman,
as Collector, at Northumberland. The Canal
Commissioners could not possibly have made a
better selection. Mr. Youngman is not only
'honest and capable," but has uniformly so con-duct-d
himself in the performance of his duties,
that all who have business on this tectum of our
public improvements, w ill be pleased to hear of
his continuance in ollice.
7" There are, no doubt, many who have
honestly opposed Mr. Snyder, because they sup
posed him to be an opponent to the present tai ilf.
With such, we have no fault to find, because we,
ourselves, should have opposed Mr. Snyder if we
entertained the remotest idea that he would favor
any measure in opposition to the taiilf. It is
veil known that we have advocated a protective
arilfevi r since this Press was established, and
it can hardly be supposed that we would abandon
our principles to favor any individual, especially
as we have nothing to gain by it. We believed,
and yet believe, that his election would be of
more importance in reg.ivJ to the tarirfthan that
of his opponent, because he is wcl1 known in
Congress, and the fact of his oppearing there,
pledged toa protictive tariff, after having been
traduced as a free trade man, would have more
weight than Mr. Pollock could possibly have,
who wonM be comparatively little known the
first session. It maybe urged by some, that Mr.
Snyder's pledges amount to nothing. Those who
know Mr. Snvder, however, have every confi-
lenee in bis integrity, and we have never bad
any donlit of hi fulfilling bis proniiss. We
have laid nothing against Mr. Pollock, who is a
youiiL' man of talent and irreproachable charac-
r. Nor hsve we intent:onally made any state
ments not foun.b'd on truth.
P"7 The election of IIkvry A. Mi iu.fmifro
can no lone r be: considered doubtful, llisinteg.
ritv an I abilities are universally admitted, and
.... , , , i i i .i i
such is the confidence placed in him lv those wlio
, . , .. . , , " r i .
best know him, that a huge number of whigs in
the lower counties will support him. believing
that his administration will give satisfaction to
moderate men of all parties. Mr. Muhlenberg
conies fresh from the ranks of th people. He
has not been connected with any of the offices at
Harrisburg. This was an objection urged by
many against Mr. Shuuk, which cannot operate
against Mr. Muhlenberg.
1X7" In the United States Senate there has been
considerable debate on Vt r. Merrick's Post-office
Bill. Mr. Wright offered an amendment, to pre
vent Congressional documents being franked.
This was, however, rejected. Mr. Simmons' a
mendment to reduce the rates to 3 cts. on all dis
tances under 250 mites, was a'so lost. There
are many members of Congress who have an i
dea that they are the government and the peop'e,
and that a'l things shou'd be made to conform to
their interest. In our Legislature, on Tuesday
'ast, the Senate passed no less than 28 bi'ls in one
hour and thirty-five minutes. The individual li
ability of stockholders of Banks was passed, by a
vote of 21 to 5, ou second reading. These facts
show what cou'd be done, if the Legis'ature
wou'd tut confine itself -trictly to its duties
CJ" The Miltonian, oflajt week, says "that
John Snyder is an avowed friend of tho fret trade
system, and that this paper, among other men
tioned, is n free trade paper, and that we wish to
make the people believe by our falsehoods, that he
(Mr. Snyder) is in favor of a protective tariff."
Now, we ask whether an editor could well exhibit
more sheer impudence or ignorance, than is mani
fested in the? obove charge. A charge so glaring
ly false and absurd would not have appeared in
the Miltonian some mouths since, as tire columns
of that paper were then under the supervisory
care of one who would not have given currency
to a charge so utterly destitute of truth. The
Miltonian ofthe 23d ult. charged Mr. Snyder with
having positively voted aguint the present ta
riff. That this is not true, no man of ordinary
intelligence will deny. It is hardly necessary
for us to say, that the American has always been
an advocate of the tarifT, and that the editors of
the Miltonian well know it. A public journalist
should have at least some little regard for truth,
if he has any desire to obtain the confidence of
his readers.
DTT" The Canal Commismoxcrs ash the Con
stitutionality of their Office. It will proba
bly be remembered that the constitutionality of
the law, authorizing the election of Canal Com
missioners, has been questioned, on the ground
that it was not passed by th first Legislature af
ter the adoption ofthe Constitution, and is, there
fore, one of the offices which the Constitution
contemplated should be filled by executive np
jiointment and not by election. The measi.res
necessary for testing the question have been
nearly completed, and it is said that the subject
will come up Icfore the Supreme Court, at liar
risbnrg. in May. The following are the sections
of the constitution which involve the doubt. The
general opinion among lawyers is, that the law
is uncoiistitutioi.al .
The gili sections of the 0th nrtxle ofthe
constitution declares that 'All officers whot e e
lection or appointment is not provided for in
this coiisiitutioii, slinll be elected or appointed
ns rhall be ap;Miutcd by law '
"the 1 lib section of tin1 schedule provide).
'The appoint inir power shall remain as hereto
fore, and all rlnVcrs in ihe appointment of the
executive tlcpiirtmrnt, shuM continue in the
exercise of the duties of their respective offi
ces, until the l.ci-lutiiro shall puss such In ws
as nny be requited by the "Sh section of the
lilli Hrtie'e ofthe amended constitution, nil
until appointment shall be supeiseded by new
appointments, or shall sooner expire by their
ov n limitation, or the said offices shall brcon.e
vncnnt by ilenih or resignation, nnd ruch hnrs
sholt br ennrti d luf tlir firtt l,t aislalure undrr
the umvndtd Constitution '"
C.7" The Texas question, it is said, will be
postponed until next Congress. Neither of the
ol it ical paities having any desire to mix them
selves lip ill this question.
fXT" The Noi folk papers announce the death
of Commodore K. Kennedy, in the C.lth
year of his age. He died on the 2Sth ult., af
ter a very severe attack of paralysis. This gal
lant officer was in command of the V. S. ship
Pennsylvania, the llag-ship ofthe squidron afloat
on the Noi folk Station.
DTT" The following is the appropriation bill,
as it passed on 2d reading :
Kxpenscs of Government , $2T,n0(i
Pensions and Gratuities 47,000
Common Schools. 2(in,(iP0
(And "JO per cent, to mm accepting School
Disti ids to build School Houses )
House af Refuge,
Institution for the Plind,
Do for Deaf and Dumb.
Ordinary repairs on Public Works,
Repair of Road and Pur in Pridgos.
.1.000
s.ooo
1 l.nno
1 17,100
:i i.otio
Pay of Canal Commissioners, Clerks, Ke. 0.100
Do Lock keepers. Collectors. Sup rs.. Kc 00.000
Check Roll and Hid Cr's. on finished lines
and lor lubor, materials, and fuel fur
nished prior to January U, In It, 200,000
For breat hes in Canal, if necessary ,10,000
Interest on 1th of May issues, 21.000
Do to Domestic Creditors on ceitilic'ts 1.1,000
Do on Loan for K. Penitentiary, 0,000
Loan due the Sonthwark Eank 12. .100
Miscellaneous, . .1,000
Oraluities toconvictsdischarged fromPen'ty t'.OO
Interest on funded debt, 1,910,2.12
Repaiisof Ttate Magazine in rhilud.ro. .100
Interest guaranteed l,y the State on cer
tain Corporation Stocks, .1.1,000
New f or.NTERFEiT.
-The Faltimore Ameri-
can says
re saw on Saturday a eountei feit
...... r... r. t.. 1... ..I fl... IVi.L ..C Uni.Tr. '
it'll' j'U, J'VI ,ii, s vv t'l till 4 i, li v
Deljvaro, ofthe denomination of three dollars,
letter A. dated September 5, signed Isaac Davis,
President, and A. Stockly Cashier. At first
. . , , ... ...,
siK"' me general uppcaiauce oi me noie migiii
11 , , ,
I deceive an ungarded person, lmt when closely
examined the engraving w ill be found to be
coarse and imperfect. Ill the wolds "prulnUe
tu tiy" the letter not crossed.
Isi r:i rio. The good people who purchased
Flour, Paeon, liecf, Pork, Grain, Kc, in New
York, paid lat year, l 12,13.1 for inspecting and
measuring the same. The inspector of Flour and
Meal received $13,278. The inspectors of Beef
and Pork, three in number, divided $ 10,000 be
tween them. The inspector of Ashes had $30,.
000, and the inspector of Leaf Tobacco, $21,329,
as their share of the spoils. Pretty neat pick
ings, and pretty good pay for kindly serving the
public.
Tho venerable Miss Edge worth is now in Lon
don, and although 70 years of age, looks as young
us she did twenty years ago. She is about pub
lishing a new novel.
Gem. Jackson has written to President Santa
Ana, urging the release ofthe Texan prisoners
on their parol of honor. He grounds his request
on the improved ttate of humanity, in the treat
ment of prisoner of war in this g, etc
Ths Post Otiflce and Ha Ratinui.
A correspondent of the New York Tribune
furnishes the following facts showing what States
pay an excess of postage over cost of transporta
tion, and tv'ee vena.
"The following States yield the annual net re
venue placed opposite to their names, into the
Post-office Department :
Massachusetts, $115,21.'! Michigan,
Rhode Island, 20, .1,1(1 Wisconsin,
Connecticut, 2.1,177 Iowa,
New York, 372, 85$ Louisiana,
Pennsylvania,, M7.-I0i
Delaware, 2,09.1 Total,
D. of Columbia, 19,372
The following States are a dead loss to the De
partment, in the amount, annually, set opposite
their respective names.
Maine, $.1,C10
New Hampshire, 2,010
Vermont, -1,020
New Jersy, 10,215
Maryland, 2 1,4 is
Virginia, .10.777
North Carolina, 103,943
Illinois,
Missouri.
Kentucky,
Tennessee,
Alabama,
Mississippi,
Arkansas,
0.1.920
7.210
52.839
.10.901
123.900
45.SI0
41,000
South Carolina, 35.705
Geoieia, 76,011
Florida, 29,400
Ohio, 11.1C2
Indiana, 2.1,572
Annual loss to
the post-office
department, 57C2, 970
Put the above facts before the people, that
they may see who wins and who loosi-s. Th,-y j
are collated from the official returns of the Post j
office Department for last year." j
The Floury Jlmktt.
Philadelphia, Wednesday. April ,1.
i cs:,u.,y as a very neavy u.,y in the slock
market. Not only did State loans fall on" fiom
the prices of the previous day, but almost evi ry
other stock inthe market experienced a similar
V. . ... I ... .1
neciine. i armers and .Mechanics' IJank shares, '
which were recently selling at l5, are now down
tod.'l; Commercial, which were up to .10, sold
yesterday at .14 ; Mechanics', up to 2J are now
down to 27 j ; Chesapeake and Delaware Canal
bonds have fallen from 10 to 4 If, nnd so on
throuchout the whole list of stocks ; those be
lieved to be sound and solvent as well a such
as are of more doubtful value, nil. or nearly so.
have declined in price. There is but one reason
that could operate thus generally in the same
way ; nnd that is, as we intimated yesterday, a
gradual ond progressive tightening of the money
market, caused by the increase of business nr.d
the daily larger infusion of the credit system in
all business operations, for the more prudent cash
policy so extensively practiced for the last two
or three years. The banks, pretty generally,
have enough to do to discount all the legitimate
business paper that is offering, hence long loans
on stock or other collaterals are not so easy of
negotiation. The facility of obtaining iiioney on
stocks being now lessened, they of course are
721
.1,044
2,411
00,295
773.18.1
not so much in demand as heretofore, and those j Messrs. Babbitt. Ch.iinpny. Ciabb, Craig. Dar
who need cash can obtain it on them only by ; gie, F.baujh. Gorgas, Heckman, Mcl.anahan,
sale. Thus, while bank stocks are shown to be j Mullin. fiuay, Spackman. Stewart. Sullivan 14,
really more valuable, for the banks arc doing
more business at a higher rate of interest, their
prices for the causes stated are lower. Ledger.
I m r r o v f v r n t in theM.imt-ku ti recf Ikon.
Every improvement in the ai ts, besides benefit
ing the individual who makes the discovery, con
tributes also to the general good of the w hole by
adding to the wealth of the country , and cheap
ening the prices of products. We learn from
the New York Tribune that an important disco
very in the manufacture of iron, by which the
ore is by one process converted into wrought
iron, without being first made into pig iron, has
been made by Mr. Simeon Bioadmeadow, of N.
York. The process is dcscrilted to be as fol
lows : The iron ore is placed upon the floor of a
revei beratory furnace, the flame ofthe fire pass
ing over if, when a chemical comoiind is used to
unite the elements ofthe iron by separating the
flag entirely from it. By this first, only opera
lion, the wrought iron comes out as perfect in
every respect as that by the double operation of
ftuddliw; and piling pig iron, and, for the pur
pose of manufacturing steel, even surpasses it.
By this process, wrought iron ofthe best quality
cun be produced at a cost not exceeding twenty
five dollars and a half per ton. To make the iron
ore into balls of w rought iron will require no
blast nor machinery of any kind : the anthracite
or bituminous coals being ued with equal ad
vantage in a common air furnace, a good draft
being all that is wanting. These balls of wrought
iron can be made at a pood profit (if the furnace
is built near the mines of mineral and coal) for
fiurtem dol'art per ton. The discoverer com
putes that with a capital of one hundred thousand
dollars, forty tons of railroad iron can be manu
j faetnred every twenty-four hour. If his calcu
lations be correct, millions of dollars will be
saved to the United States for railroad iron alone.
The importance ofthe discovery wiP no doubt
soon be tested. How far it is original with hini
we cannot say, but we have seen it stated that
wrought iron is made direct from the ore ut the
Shirva works, Kirkirtilloch, Scotlund.
The corporation of the city of Philadelphia has
just completed the construction of an immense
tunnel, for draining the city of water, Ke. from
Fomth street, down Market street, to the Dela
ware. The tunnel is 1,814 feet in length, 5
feet in diameter in the clear, and the fall from
Fourth street to the river is 10 feet. The depth
below the surface of the street at the deepest
point is about 30 feet.
Black Dues. The colored citizens of Wayne
county have sent in a petition to our Legislature,
praying that the services of the black citizens,
while in a state of slavery, up to 1827, may be
paid, amounting to twenty-five millions of dol
lars! It was laid on the table JV Y. Sun.
A DatAt ri'L Death A late English paper
says, that a few weeks ago, Matthew Ferguson,
keeper ofthe menagerie and museum at the Star
inn, Bolton, was found in the den of a male leo
pard, quit dead and dreadfully mangled, lie
had a whip in his hand, and it is supposed that h
had ventured into the den for the purpose of train
ing the animal, a la Carter or Van Aniburg
From the ThilaiLlphUL Ledger.
rtCNXSTLVAJVIA LEGISLATtTtK.
HARRisniRo, April 1, 1644.
SENATE. Mi. Hill (Committee on Corpora
tions) reported a bill relative to the Bear Valley
Coal Company.
Mr. Penniman, from same Committee, a bill to
incorporate the Dauphin Bank.
Mr. Crahb offered a resolution, that the Senate
bold afternoon sessions every afternoon except
Sundays, for the consideration of private bills(
that no member speak more than five minutes ori
one motion, and that the question he put after1
twenty minutes debate. Laid on the table,
Mr. Dimock read in place a bill relative In
justice ofthe Peace.
Mr. Kidder presented a petition from Monroe
county, for the suspension of appropriations to
colleges and academies; also a petition from the
Trustees of Madison College, for an alteration in
their chatter.
On motion of Mr. Dimock, the Senate took up
the pension bill, which led to a long debate. Mr.
Pdack (Chairman of Committee on Pensions) ex
plained that the committee had rejected a great
number of applications, nnd had cut down the a
mount from that of the bill of last session near
.10 percent., that it had been the practice to bring
in a number of bills each session, but they had
thought it better to embrace the whole in one
bill ; the number of person is 0.1, and the a-
mount of pension not quite l,S00. On third
I reading the yeas and nays were called by Mr.
, ivnniman, and were, yeas 2P, nays 0. so the bill
passed.
j M r. I)arsi,. , ,noV(.( ,0 corisid,.r the bill for
! t,e K,leof the main line of the public improve-
ments, the same b. ing on second reading, which
was agreed to.
Mr. Darsie proceeded to advocate the passage
ofthe bill, in a speech of some length. Mr.
Champtieys followed, who spoke at great length,
j setting forth the impoverished state ofthe Trea
j sury, and went into statements to show, that
'. when the necessary expenditure wtre consider
. ed. there would not be one cent left for payment
j of the inteiest on the debt. He looked upon
j this scheme of selling the main line as the best
, that could be devised, and it was of the highest
i importance that it should be carried into effect ;
j it would pay off one half of the State debt, a thing
1 that would, he ventured to say. be received with
j shouts of approbation from one end ofthe Com
; nmn wealth to the other; it would save half a
j million of taxes, and he would tell them the p-o-,
pie were not willing to pay that amount, merely
j to know the public woiks Were inthe hands of
the Commonwealth, &e. On the passage ofthe
j 1st section, the yea and nays were called, and
j the bill Was lo.-t by one vote the yoas being
.,d the nays Messrs. Pnily, Pdack, Chapman. Di-
mock, ragely, Foulkrnd, Hill, llorton iiughes,
Kidder, Penniman, Sherwood. Sterigere, Wilcox
and Bijilcr, speaker 15.
Mr. Eyer called up a bill relative to the fi-he.
ries on the Susquehanna, which was considered,
and passed final reading.
O.nrm.txr:. A du-d took place the other day,
between two editors in Vicksbnrg, which open
ed a field for hotting, equal to the race of Eclipse
and Henry. The whole town seemed to be alive
to the interest ofthe scene; and thos" who could
not go over the river to witness the deadly rom
bat, arranged themselves on the bank, where a
boat continued crossing and re-crossing, as a kind
of courier to bring the news. At the first fire, a
long, lank-looking senilis said, "I'll bet a bale
of cotton Hamniet is hit.'' '-Done," said his
companion The skid" soon arrived with news
that neither was hurt, and that they were prepa
ring for another shot. 'Double or quits that
Ryan gets kill-nl this shot'' said his weazel look
ing companion. "Done," said the long genius.
Pop went the pistols, and again there was a long
pause, while the courier boat was crossing to
give intelligence of the late of the life or death
of a human being, in w hose fate numerous bets
would be decided. All was eagerness and anxi
ety ; for some had money staked, others cotton
and in one instance we overheard a bet offered,
when the reply was, "l havn't any money, but
I'll bet you a race horse that Hamniet kills him."
At length these unnatural bets were decided by
the fall of Ryan at the fourth round. Wh-n the
body was brought over mortally wounded, and
poor Ryan in the last agonies of death, the long
genius wanted his weazel looking friend to fork
over ; but it was no go he declared "he would
not give up till the last breath was out of his bo
dy, and," says he. "if you bet me five to one, I'll
bet you he don't die at all."
It must add considerably to the dignity ofthe
duello and to the chivalry ofthe whole thing, to
know that you stand in the position of a race
horse or a game cock, for blacklegs to bet upon,
and your dying groans are unheeded except so
far as they affect the wa;er "dead, for a ducat "
J'tnnsylxanian.
The Gajipmno Cask. Colton, the keeper of
a gambling-house in New York, has been mulct
ed indamages to the amount of SI, 32.5, with in
terest, in the suit brought sgainst him by Dow &
Guiteau.the firm whose clerk robbed them of
$0,000, and spent it at Cotton's.
A Long Lease Eight acres, in the town of
Portland, were leased 105 years ago for 99 years.
The heirs are hunting up the documents to prove
propei ty, the lease having expired, and the ground
occupied by valuable buildings.
A Handsome Pisent On the recent mar.
riage of one of th Russian Princesses to the
Crown Prince of Denmark, the Emperor pre
sented to the bride a set of diamonds valued at
X75.000.
CuaiosiTiss. On Sunday evening there ar
rived in New York, from Liverpool, a giant 7
feet 3 inches in height, and a giantess fl feet 4
inches, natives of Devonshire, F.neltnd ; also,
Rudo Kcaufo, a dwsrf, 23 inches in htighj, a na
tive of Lapland
i.