TERMS OF TJME "AMERICAS." HENRY B. MA88ER, JOSEPH EISELY. 7 Pc $Por BIITOBl. It. B. JMSSERy Editor. orrici iff xKtT tbiit, ki&b THE AMERICAN" ia published every Satur day at TWO DOLLARS per annum to be paij half yearly in advance. No paper discontin ued till all arrearage are paid. No subscriptions received for a less period than is mouth. All communicationa or letters on business relating to the office, to insure attention, must be POST PAID. From the National Intelligencer, Extra, March 4. Inaugural Address PR ES I D EXT II iimisox. Called from a retirement which I had supposed was to continue for the resi due of my life, to fill the Chief Execu tive office of this great and free nation. I appear before you, feIlowcilizens, to take the oaths which the Constitution prescribes, as a necessary qualification for the performance of its duties. And in obedience to a custom coeval with our Government, and what I believe to be your expectations, I proceed to pre sent to you a summary of the principles which will govern me, in the discharge .)( the duties which I shall be called u pon to perform. It was the remark of a llotnan Con sul, in an early period of that celebrated Republic, that a most striking contrast vas observable in the conduct of can lidatcs foroffice3 of power and trust, efore and after obtaining them they eldom carry out in the latter case the ledges and promises made in the for ner. However much the world may ave improved, in many respects, in the ipse of upwards of two thousand years incc the remark was made by the vir jousJtnd indignant Roman, 1 fear that strict axamination of the annals of jmo of the modern elective Govern lents, would devclope similar instan 3s of violated confidence. Although the fiat of the People has one forth, proclaiming mc the Chief lagistrate of this glorious Union, no ting upon their part remaining to be ne, it may be thought that a motive ay exist to keep up the delusion under hich they may be supposed to have :ted in relation to my principles and unions; and perhaps there may be me in this assembly who have come re either prepared to condemn those ihall now diliver, or, approving them, doubt the sincerity with which they e uttered. But tfie lapse of a few inths will confirm or dispel their fears, e outline of principles to govern, and asures to be adopted, by an Admin ration not yet begun, will soon be ex v inged for immutable history ; and I , .11 stand, cither exonerated by my av mtrymen, or classed with the mass of io se who promised that they might dc ei ve, and flattered with the intention o 1 jet ray. lowevcr strong may be my present urposc to realize the expectations of a nasnanimous and confiding People, I oo well understand the infirmities of tuman nature, and the dangerous temp itions to which I shall be exposed, from he magnitude of thejxwcr which it has een the pleasure of the People to com nit to my hands, not to place my confi lence upon the aid of the Almighty ower which has hitherto protected me .nd enabled me to bring to favorable ssues other important, but still greatly nferior trusts, heretofore confided to ne by my country. The broad foundation upon which mr Constitution rests, being the People a breath of theirs having made, as a reath can unmake, change or modify t it can be assigned to none of the $rcat divisions of Government but that f Democracy. If such is its theory, hose who are called upon to adminis er it must recognise, as its leading )rinciple, the duty of shaping their mea sures so as to produce the greatest good o the greatest number. But, with these road admissions, if we would compare ;he sovereignty acknowledged to exist n the mass of our People with the pow 3r claimed by other sovereignties, even jy those which have been considered nost purely democratic, we shall find a nost essential difference. All others ay claim to power limited only by their own will, inc majority ui uui uu zens, on the contrary, possess a sove reignty with an amount of power pre cisely equal to that which has been granted to them by the parties to the national compact, and nothing beyond. We admit of no Government by Divine rightbelieving that, so far as power is concerned, the beneficent Creator has distinction amongst men, that nil nm ntvtn an cnualitv. and that the only legitimate right to govern is an ex rrp errant of nower from the govern- i.l ThR Constitution of the "United ' States is the instrument containing this ntr.r nmver to the several depart- ments comoosinct the Government. On en examination of that instrument, it ivill bo found to contain declarations o rwir m-antcd. and of power withheld ttor is nlsn susceptible of division into nowcr. which the ma jority had a right to grant, but hich they did not Absolute acquiescence in the decisions of the By Masser St. Elscly. think proper to entrust to their agents, and that which they could not have granted, not being possessed by them selves. In other words, there are cer tain rights possessed by each individual American citizen, which, in his com pact with the others, he has never sur rendered, borne ol them, indeed, he is unable to surrender, being, in the lan guage of our system, unalienable. The boasted privilege of a Roman citizen was to him a shield only against a petty provincial ruler, whilst the proud democrat of Athens could console him self under a sentence of death, for a sup posed violation of the national faith, which no one understood, and which at the time was the subject of the mockery f all, or ol banishment Irom his home, lis family and his country, with or with out alleged cause; that it was the act, not of a single tyrant, or hated aristo cracy, but of his assembled country men. Far different is 16 power of our extensively complained of, and the cor sovercignty. It can interfere with no recti ves w hich mav be applied. Some one's faith, prescribe forms of worship for no one's observance, inflict no pun- isnmcni dui aner wcu ascertained gum, the result of investigation under rules prescribed by the Constitution itself; Thcse precious privileges, and those scarcely less important, of giving ex, pression to his thoughts and opinions, either by writing or speaking, unrc- strained but by the liability lor injury have been made, hitherto without sue to others, and that of a full participa- cess, to apply the amendatory power of tion in all the advantages which flow the States to its r.nrreriinn. from the Government, tllC ackllOwlcd- ged property of all, the American citi- zen derives from no charter granted by his lei ow man. lie claims them be- cause he is himself a Man, fashioned by the same Almighty hand as the rest of his species, and entitled to a full share of the blessings with which he has en- dowed them. Notwithstanding the limited SOVC- eignty possessed by the People of the Jnited States, and llio restnetod grant rei u of power to the Government which they have adopted, enough has been given to accomplish all the objects for which it was created. It has been found pow erful in war, and hitherto justice has been administered, an intimate union effected, domeslic tranquillity preser ved, and personal liberty secured to the citizen. As was to be expected, how ever, from the defect of language, and the necessarily sententious manner in which the Constitution is written, dis putes have arisen as to the amount of power which it has actually granted, or intended to grant. This is more particularly the case in relation to that part of the instrument which treats of the Legislative branch. And not only as rcrrards the exercise of powers claimed under a general clause, giving that body the authority to pass all laws necessary to carry into effect the spe cified powers, but in relation to the lat ter also. It is, however, consolatory to reflect, that most of the instances of alleged departure from the letter or spi rit of the Constitution, have ultimately received the sanction of a majority of the people. And the fart, that many of our Statesmen, most distinguished for talent and patriotism, have been, at One time Or Other Of their political career, on both sides of the most warmly dispu- ted questions, forces upon this inference that the errors, if errors there were, are attributable to the intrinsic difficulty, in many instances, of ascertaining the in tentioil of the framers of tllC CoilStitU- tion, rather than the influence Of any sinister or unpatriotic motive. But the great danger to our institu- linnt Hofts not annear to be in a USUrpa- tion, by the Government, of power not erantCti by the People, but by the acCU- mulation, in one ot the Ueparimcnis, ot that which was assigned to Others. Li- mited as are the powers which have .A . a been granted, still enough nave ueen wutcn tney nuea aa me jasi nopesoi noer.y. mi granted to constitute a despotism, if out denying that the result 10 which they looked concentrated in one of the departments, with o much apprehension is in the way of Wing This danger is greatly heightened, or it realized, it is obvious ihey did not clcaily ee the has been always observable that men modeofitsaccorrplishment. The General Govern- are less jealous OtcncroachllientS Ol Olie - . . department Upon another, than Upon their Own reserved rtglllS. When the Constitution of the United States first camo from the hands of tho Convention which formed it, many of the Sternest republicans Of the day w ere alarmod at thO extent Ot lite power w hich had been crantcd to the X ederal Government, aud moro particularly of that portion which had been assigned tO tho Executive branch. TllCie Were in it features w hich appeared not to be in harmony With their ideas Of a simple representative Democracy or Republic, And knowing tilt tendency of power tO AND SHAMOKIN JOURNAL. majority, the vital principle of Republics, from which Sunbiiry, Northumberland Co. increase itself, particularly when exer cised by n single individual, predictions were made that, at no very remote pe riod, the Government would terminate in virlual monarchy. It would not be come me to say that the fears of these fiat riots have been already realized, hit, as I sincerely believe, that the ten dency of measures, and of men's opin ions, for some years past, has been in that direction, it is, I conceive, strictly proper, that I should take this occasion to rc-cat the assurances I have hereto fore given of my determination to arrest the progress of that tendency if it real ly exists, and restore the Government to its pristine health and vigor, as far as this can be effected by any legitimate exercise of the power placed in my hands. I proceed to state, in as summarv a manner as I can, my opinions of the sources of the evils which have been so of the former are unquestionably to be found in the defects of the Constitution ; others, in my judgment, are attributa- ble to a misconstruction of some of its provisions. Of the former is the elcgi- blility of the same individual to a second term of the Presidency. The saga- cious mind of Mr. Jefferson earlv saw and lamented this error, and attempts A., however, one mode of correction I. in the power ottvt,y prMldent, ,n,i consequently in mine, it wouM ,,e , ,nJ h jnijiou. ,0 rnu. mcratfl lhc evils of which jn the 0,,inil)n of of our ft l!ow citiienil thU error f ,he who frlmfJ th. Constitution may have been the source. anJ the ,,iUer ftuiu which we ,re t hcr from .f ifit con(inuM (o Jj(jfigurc oi,f m h m nu,.i k. .,,., h ,hut Republic, can commit no greater error thn tj ,Jopt or cominue ,ny fea(UIf in iMr tyntrm9 o .ovtrnrnfni W,1M:0 m calculated to create or government wliicb may increase the love of power, in the bosoms of those to whom necessity obliges them to commit the management of their affairs. And, sute'y, nothing is more likely to produce such a state of nimd than the long continuance of an office of high trust. No thing can be mote conupting, nothing more de stiuciive of all those noble feelings which b.-l- ng to the character of a devotid republican patriot. Whim this corrupting passion once takes po?sc;on of the human mind, like the love of gol I, it becomes in saiiable. It is the never-Jing worm in his boom, grows wi h his growth, an.l strengthens with the declining jcars of its victim. If this is tiue, it is the part of wi.dorn for a republic to limit the service of that officer, at least, to wh im she has entrust' d the management of her foreign tela ions, the execu tion of hcr laws, and the command of her aimits and navha, to a criod si short as to prevent his forgrtl'ng that he is the accountable ogent, not the pr ncipal the servant, not the master. Until tin amendment uf the Constitution can be cfl'ected, pub lic opinion msy erure the desirtd object. I give my aid to it, by renewing the pledge heretofore gi ven, that undei no circumktancca will I content to serve a second term. Upwards of half a century has elapsed since the adoption of our present form of government. It would be an object more highly desirable than the gratification of the curiosity of speculative stales- men, if its precise situation could lie ascertained, a fir exhibit made of the operations of each of its Departments, of the powers which they respectively claim and exercise, of the collisions which have oc- currcd between them, or Ihe whole Government and those of the States, or cither of them. We could then compare our system with what it was in the commencement of its operations, and ascer- tain whether the pioductions of the patilots who opposed its adoption, or the confident he-pee of its advocatca, have been teal realized. Tbe great dred of 'he former seems to have been, thai Ihe reserved rowers of the states would be absorbed by those of ihe Federal Government, and consolidated power esmonsncu, ic..inB io u f u .iiauo-, ....,, f independent action for which they had ao zealously contended, and on the presentation or 1 a. a s ft .a a. a sii... I .. I i-l r men! lias seiznl upon none ol me reerveu ngma ot the Stales. Aa fur as any open wanaie may nave gone, the Mate authorities nave ampiy niauuaineu Iheir lighta. To a casual ob-erver, our system pre. sent no appearance of discord between the difler- lent members which compose it. Lven the adduiou of many new onea has produced no jiuing. iney move iu their respective oiuila in perlect harmony with the central head, and w ith each other. Hut there is still an utuler current at work, by which, if not seasonably checked, the worst apprehensions of our anti-federal patriots will be realized. And not only will the Plate authorities be overshadowed by the great increase of power in the Executive Dc- partment of the General Government, tut the char- acter of bat Government, if not its designation, be k there U no appeal but to force, the vit.il principle and Pa. Saturday, March 13, I II. essentially and rad'rally chingrd. Thia aisle of things has been in pirl eflcclcJ by causes inherent in the Constitution, ai;d in pnrt by the ncvi'i-failing tendency cf political power to increase itself. By making the President tho s:le distributor of all the patronage of iho Government, the framers of the Constitution do not Appear to have anticipated at how short t period it would become n formidable instrument to control the free operations of the 'tate governments. Of hifl nj impoitauce nt firs', it had.eatly in Mr. Je(Ters"ri's administra'ion, lw come so powerful as to create great alarm iu the mind of that patriot, from the potent influence it might txert in controlling the freedom of the il c live fratich sc. If such had been the effects of its influen.'c, how much greater tnuit the danger at tbi tine be. quadrupled in amount as it certainly is, i nd more completi ly under the control of the Exe cutive will, than their construction of their prmers allow ci, or the forbearing characters of all the early Presidents permitted them to make. l)ut it is not by the extent uf its pa'.ronage olojin, that the Exe cutive Department h.". befoul 9 j nn- rous, tut by the use which it appears may be made if the ap pointing power, to biing tindci it control tho whnl revenues of the country. The Constitution has de clared it to be the duty f the Trefident to sec that the laws arc executi d, and it makis him the Commander-in-Chief of the Armies and Navy tf the United Slates. If the opinion of the mo-.t approved writers upin that species of mixed (Sovcinnient, whi. h, in nn d etn Europe, is termed Munarchy, in contradistinc tion to Detputism, is correct, there was want nj no other aditioti to the powers of our Chii f Magistrate to stamp a monarchi l character on our Govern ment, but the control of the public finances. And to me it appears strange, indeed, that any one should doubt that the entire control which the I'rcsi.lcnt pouches over the officers who have the custo.'y of the public money, Uy the power of removal with or w ithout cause, docs, for all mischievous purposes at leant, virtually subject the treasure also to disposal. The first Itomau Emperor, in his attempt to seize the sacred t.ea-uro silenced the opposition of the officer to hoe charge it had been committed, by a significant allusion n his sworj. Uy a atlcctiou uf olitieal instrument fur the caio of the puld.e money, a reference to their commissions by a IVsi dent, would be quite as cflcctual an argument as that of Cesar to the Komun Knight. I urn not in sensible of the ilit'iculty that exists in deviling a propir plan for tho safe kei ping and disbursement of ti e public revenues, and I know tho importance which bus been attached by men of great abiliiie and patriotism to the divorce, aa it is called, of the Treasury from the banking institutions. It is not the divorce that is coirptaincd i f, but the unhail w ed union of the Treasury wi h tho Executive be partment which has created such extensive alarm. To this danger to our rcpuhl can institutions, and that created by tho influence given to the Executive through the instrumentality ol the f.'di-nl otfici r, I projiose to apply all the remedits which uiny be a' my command. Il was certainly a very gral enor in the darners of the Constitution, not to have made the olficer at the head of the Treasury Di- partment entirely iudeqiei dent of the Exicutive lie should at least have been removable o.dy upon ihe demand eif the p yu'.ur brunch uf tho l.ci -la-lure. I am determined i.ever to icmoe a Sec tary of the Tieatury wi'bout commuuicatin all he circumstances attending such lemoval to both Hou,e of Congress. The influence of the Executive io controlling the freedom eif the elective fraiich.se through the medium of tho public ..flicers c m be ifllcluully checked by renewing the prohibition pub- lished by Mr. JeUeraon, forbidding their inUifer- ence in elections tmther than giving their own votes; and their own independence secured by un assurance of ptrfeil immunity, in exercising this sacred nrivili ce of fieemen under tho diclalea ol their own unbiassed judgement. Never, with my consent ihall un ollicer uf the l'to, !.', cainpeiisat d for his services out of their pockets, become the pi. ant instrument vf Executive will. There is no part of the means pi ic.vl in the hands of the Executive which might ! used with greater effect, for unhallowed purposes, than the control f the public pa. The maxim which our ancestors deriveJ fioin th"? muhcr country, that "tho freedom of tho press is the real bulwark of civil and reli gious liberty," is one of the most precious legacies which they have left us. We have teamed, loo, from our own aa well as the exiericuce ol o.her couutiit-s, that golden ahackeN, by whomsoever or by whatever pietenco imposed, are as fatal to il as the iron bonds of Despoli.-in. The presses in the necessary employment of the Government sh mid never le used "to clear tho guilty, or vanish crimes." A decent and manly examination of the acts of Government should be not only lolcwlcd but encouraged. I hate spoken of the necessity of keeping the re- iiu-eiiee Deimriir.eriW of tbe Goveriiinenl. as will ull ulhcr .uih.iritiesofoureoui.trv. wilbin their an- propriate orbit.. This is a matter of d.ficulty ...me easels, as the noweia whiih thev resneciivelv claim are often not defined by vert distinct line. Mischeviou. however, in their tendencies, as colli lions of ihi. kind may be, those which arise between the ie.-neclive eo.nniunitic, which for c rlain i noses comm.. one nation, ate much mote ao; uo such nation can long exist without the careful culture of those fetlings of confidence and aftictioii which are the vffective bor.ds of union betwetw fie immedia'e parent of despotism. Jtrranso. Vol. I--Xo. XXV. and confederate Slates. Strong as is tho tie of in leie.it, it has b. cn often found ineffectual. Men, blinded by their passions, have been known to adopt measures for their country in direct opposition to all the atifigesti n of policy. The alternative then, is, to destroy or keep down a bad pis-ion by creating and fosliring a good one; and this seem4 to be the corner stone upon which our American political architects have rear, d the fabric of our G ivcrn ment. The cement which waa to U id it, and p r pituate its existence, was the uiTeclionale attach ment bitwecn all its members. To insure the continuance of this fee I in.', pro duced at first by a community uf dangers, of sulT r ings and of interests, the advantages of each were made accrs-ible to all. No participation in any good, possessed by any member of an extcn-ivr confedracy, except in domestic govo nmeni, was wi Lheld from tbe citizen of any other member. Dy a process atti nded with no difficulty, no deliy, no expense but that of r moval, the citizen of one mijht become the ci'.'zen of another, uud succes sively of tho whole. The lines, too, aeper.itinp powers to be exercised by the citizens i f one State from those of aoother, ccm to be so distinctly drawn as to leave no room f . r mieundcrta idiug. The citizens of each State unite in their peiaona all iho privileges which thry may claim as citizens of the United Sinter; but iu no case can the same peron, nt tho sjme lime, act a n cbizen of two repergte States, and lie is thcrefure positively pncludeit f ont any interference with the nservctl poiuc s "f any State but that of which he it, fur the lime being, a citizen. lie nmy inJc.d oil r to tbe ciliz .'ns of other States bis advice as to their management, and the form in which it is tendered is left to his oitn discretion and sense of propriety. Our Confederacy, fellow-citzens, can on'y, be preserved by the same fjrbearanc. Our cit'zvn mu-t be content with tho exercise of the power with which tho Conslisulion clothes them. The attempt of theise of one state to control the domes tic institutions of another, can only result in feel ings of distrust and jealousy, the certain ba bingrr. of disunion, violence, civil war, and the u'tiinate destruction of our free inst tu'ions. Our Confeder acy is perfectly illustrated by the terms and prnci- 1 pies govering a common copartnership. There a tund or power is to be exercised un er the direc tion of the joint councils of the allied members, but thnt which has been r served by the individual in mbera is intangible by ihe common govermcnt or the individual inomU'rs composing it. To at tempt it finds no r-upp rt in the principles of our Constitution. It should be our constant and ear nest endeavor mutuilly to cult va'e a spirit of Con cord and harmony among the various pails of our Conf derac.v. Experience has abundantly taught us thit the ngitation by citizens of one part of the Union of a ul j cl not confij. d to the Gem rut Gov ernient, but exclu-ively undci the gu irdianship of the local nuth ir ties, is productive of no other con sequences than bitterness, alienation, discord, and injuiy In the very cause wh'ch is intended to be advanced. Of all the gre it inteiets which app r tain to our country, that of union, cordial, c n.flJ'i g frate nil union, is by far the mot imporiaiv, since it is 'ho only true and sur. guaranty f ull other.. In consequence' of the cuibui ras.-ed stale of busi ness and the currency, some of the States may meet difficulty in their fmnnic .1 cuncer. However dcep'y we may regre t uny thing imprudent exces- cive in the ngigenie'tiis into which States have entiTe'd for purposes of their iwn, it die not be come us to i parage! the State Governments, nor to discourage the n from making proper efT s for their own relii f; on the contrary, it is our duly to encourage them. M the extent of our constitutional authority, to apply th. ir best means, and cheerful y to make nil necessary sacrifices and t-ulnnit to all nece-sary burden l . fulfil th- ir engoiemenia an.l maintain iheir credit, for the character and cred I of the aevcral Statea form part of the character and credit nf the whole country. Tho resources of ihe country are abundant, tho enterprise and activity of our people proverbial ; aud w e may well hope that Wise legislation and piudciit a liiiiuistraiion, by the respective Gocvunei.U, each acting w ithin its pn sp..eie, will restore former prosperity, Unpleasant and even dangerous aa c d iston mtv sometimes be, betes cen the conciliated authorities e.r the citizens uf our country, in relalio:i to ihe line which separate their reflective ju isJic.ions, the results can be of no vital inju-y to our ins itatioii", if that ardent patriotism, that devoted uttachment to lit erty, that spirit of moderation aud forebeirance for which our countrymen were once dislinguis'-d cotuinuotohe cherished. The eatne e.uses will ever produce the same effects; and us ling as the love of pow er is a dominant passion of thu human bo-om, and i long as tho undemanding of men can le warped and thcit affections changed by opera tions upon iheir passion and prejudice-, so long wilt the liberty of a people depend on their own con aa atanl attention Io Its servation. I he danger 10 a well-established fee give......... ... in unwilbngness of the -cople to ii.te in its exisi cnee, or horn me u.uaeuce ... Ue., B ....... u. ting iheir attention from ihe qiurter whence it - approaches, to a source Irom which it can never come. This is ihe old trick of those who would u- ur. aurp ihe goverrumt of their country. In in name for of Deuiocney they apeak, warning the people a- gainst the influence of wealth and t.' uanger 01 1 ariatocracy. History, ancior.t and tnoJern, is l of mch fxiunples. Cair l-ertn the mastir of PRICES OF APVi:ilTlSLC I sq'iare 1 insertion, f 0 M 1 do 3 do - . . . o 75 1 do 3 tl.i 1 00 Every subsequent iniwrtii n, 0 2. Yearly Advertisement, (with the privilege ol alteration) one column $25) hnlf column, $19, three squares, $13) two squares, ffj one squire, $5. Without the privilege of alteration a liberal discount will be mnde. Advertisements left without dirretion aa to the length of time the are In he pub ihed, will be continued until ordered out, and charged accord ingly. fjj'ixtecn lines make a square. .- XJ "'!'.. i i i i i an . sjimi the Roman penp'e and tho Senate under the pre tenco ofauppoit'ng the democratic claims of the fo'mfr against Ihe aristocrary of the letter; Crom well, in the character of pro ectot of the hlierties of the people, became thn dictator of England; i.nJ Dolivar possessed himwlf of unlimited powvr, with the title of his c luntrj's Liberator. There is, on the contrary, no single instanco on recorj of an ex tensive and web estubl.shcj republ c being dung ed into on a i locr.icy. The tendencies of all audi Gov. c merit iu their de line is to monarchy ; i.n.I lh' nut agonist principle t Ibx-rty ihero is the it of faction a sp'rit wlii h a-sumrs the e' arar-tcr, and, in times ot great rxc.tcmrn', impo-es i". If up- n the people as ihe g nu:ne k, it it of fr id m, auJ I kc false Ch ists whose co i.i. g was 1 neioM by ti.e Saviour, seeks to, and were it p a-iV.e wonld, im pose upon ihe true and m st faithful disciples i.f liberty. It is in peiiods line this that it behooves the e ible to I must wa cliful i t iXo-e to whom they have intrusted power. And a tiuujh there is nt limes mnch difficulty in distingu shing the fal-o from the true spirit, a cahri and dispassionate in vestigation will detect the eoutilerfeit as welly character of iu operations, as the results that are nduced. The forogoin rcmirks rola'.o almost exclusively lo madera connected with our domestic concerns. It may I proper, however, that I should give sr.me indication to my fellow citizens of my proposed course of conduct in th" man'ieemi'i't of our foreign relations- I sssure them therefore, tint it is my in tention to use every mean, in my power to preserve the friendly intercourse which now so happily suh sits with eveiy foreign nation; and thit, ol.houtjh, nfc 'ir'se, not well informed as to the of any fiendiii,; negotiation with s')y of them, I sec in the personal clu.actrra of tho Sovereign-, as Wl-iI us in the mutual interest of our own and of the Govern ments with which our relations arc mo t intimate, a plea-ing guaranty that the birnKiiy so important In the interests of their subjec's, as well as our citi zens, will not be interrupted by the aJvancsment of any claim, or pretension upon their part to which our honor would not permit us to yield. Long the defender of my country's rights in the field, I truit that my fellow eilizeu w ill not see ill my earnest desire to preserve petice with foreign powers, any indication that their rights wilt ever be sacrificed, or the honor of the nation tarnished by any admis sion on the part uf their Chief Mjgi. trite unworthy of their former glory. Before concluding, fellow cit'zens, 1 raut say some thing to you on the subject of the parties at this tima existing in our country. To mo it appears perfect ly clear, that the interest of that count y require! that the violence of the psr'y spirit by whicii those parties are at this time giv rnej, must be gieatly in tigatcd, if no' eirbt ly extinguished, or conse quences will ensue which a-e apjia ling to be t'nou'.t of. If pari e in a tej'ublic a-e nece-sirv to secure a drgrei of visilanee sufficient to k ep the pu'ilie functionaries wiihin the bounds of law nnJ duty, at that point their u-elulness nJ. C yo ,d th-.!, ih. y liccome destructive of public viitue.the pirents of a spirit antagonist to that of liberty, and, event- u il y, its inevitable conqu"or. We havcexamples of Ite ublics, Mieie the lo.e of country and of lib erty, at one time, weie the doaiinint pa-sions nf the whole miss of citizens. And yet, with the contin uance of the name and forms uf free government, not a vestige uf the qualities remaining in the bo som of any one uf its ciliz 'lis. Ii waa the l-cauti-fu! rem nk uf a distinguished English wrier that "in the Knm.n Se ate, Oclavius lnd a party, and Anthony a puty, but the commonwealth had none." Yet t .e Sen tte coutinued to me-et in tho Temple of I.ilierty, I la k of the sacredncss anJ b Huly of the c .mm'mweall'i, a'l t g.zJ al the sla tue of the el h r Lirutu- and of i io Curtil -n.l De cii. And the people h.si: uS!.l in the forum, tot as in the days nf Carni'lin nnd the S ipio, to cast their fn e vote- for urinu .1 magistrates r p i-s upon the net of the Jeua-f, bu' to receive from the lead ers uf II. e respective p .rties iheir sluic nf tho -p ii!s, and Io shout for na or the o.her, as fu se collected in Gaul, or Egypt, and the b s.-er Asia, would fur nish ihe larger dieidend. Thn spirit of liberty had fled, and, avoiding the abodes of civilized man, had anight proiecti n in the wild of S.-ytbij or Scan drnavia; and so, under the operation of the same causes and influences, il will fly f.om ojr Capilul and our forums. A cal miiy so awful, not only to our country but to the world, rnu ft be deprecated by every patriot; and every tenJeoey to a statu cf thing likely lo prodj.ee it immediately checked. S..cli a tendency l.aa existed does exist. Al.vsya the fuei.d of my count'yin n, never iheir date er it I ec imes my duty lo sav to them rrom this high pLce to which their partiality bia exalted me, thn there exists in the land a spirit hostil.' to their UcA inter- cs's hostile ) liberty itself. Il :a a apirit contract ed in i's viet, silfi.lt mils object. It Ik.kslJtha agjiuu Ji-cmettl of a few, even lo the desl.ucii.in of the interest of iho whole'. The entire remedy is with he people. Something, however, msy bo ef fected by the means which they have j Uced in my hands. Il is union that we want, not of a party far the sake of tint puty, but a union of lha whole country fir the sake of the whole country for tha defence of interests and its honor against foreign aggression, for the defence of thjaa principles for which our ancestors so gloriously contended. Aa far aa it depend upon me, il stull tie accomplished. All the iiifl jaoee that I pas, shall be exerted ta present the fjmttior, ftt least of in EoeV.i- pr. lull j If
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