iVom f7re V. S. Gazette. .
I ATU ASD IMPORTANT FrtOIM KlUOPK
ThcaeVct ship North America arrived at New
Vork on Saturday morning, In 24 dnya from Liver
pool, brings London dates to iho Clh, and Liverpool
in the 7th of January. Tho information of any in
riesl by tliii arrival, relates entirely to tho affair be
tween England and China. The overland mail had
tn ivr J. The London papers announce the sen-
Missiosr of China to (he demand of England. It
would rather teem that the Chinese have consented
m treat with litem, which, nftci all, tuny amount to
marly the anmo thing. Our files came duty to
hand. If the information which we have is correct,
i!ie news is a'l important to the British. The affair
v ith China is arranged, tho Cahoot war i termina
ted, and tho hostility of the Sheika removed.
From tho London Mercantile Gazette.
Lnxnox, Wednesday evening, Jan. C.
China, India mill Egypt.
The Chinese question is settled the war in Cubool
it terminated and Mehcmd Alt it thoroughly
'and effectually subdued.
We are to day enabled to place bif ro our lea
ders iinpoitunt in'eligenco fioin the East, which
nnnot fail to bo productive of much gratification to
eery individual who can so far divest himself of
pasty feelings as to rejoice over the signal successes
of (i.ciit Britain abroad under any administration.
The news from China and India wo have recei
ved by (lie overland mail; the iiilelligcnco from the
farmer having been conveyed to Culcuttti by II. M.
Cruiser.
Our advices from Alexandria tire to the 21th ult.
nnd wo are in possession of journals and advices
from Malta to the 28th.
The intelligence from China is as gratifying as
it is important, ntid it is especially satisfactory be
muse it hears with it this grenl 2cs-t it was unex
pected; so littlo importance had been attached to
t!ie process announced ly l!ie last ovorland mail
to hove been made ly tho Chinese expedition. It
ippcaia howevi r, that the Chinese question is Iho
nmhJy sctlhd that the occupation of Chusan,
and tho proceedings of Admiral Elliot have brought
'he Emperor of China to his senses, and that he
has offered to send plcnepotentiorios to Canton ot
Ninppo, foi tho arrangement of all matters in differ
ince with Great Biitain.
Shortly afier tho capture of Chus.m, Admiral
El'iol, in preceding to the Pccho river, was met by
i mandar'n of tho third rank of the Chinese Eui
p:re, though somo ccc 'unts say by the Emperor
himself, while others affnm that Admiral Elliot had
a. rived at Pcliin, and had an audience of :he Em
peror. Tiie Emperor has agreed to pay .C3,000,000 for
'he expenses incurred by tho Liiiii-.li in making
war ; o her authorities state 2,000,000 sterling, as
indemnity for the opium seized, and X 1,000,000
for nil tho expenses of the war. Tho Emperor,
c'ther himself or through his officers, has expressed
pacific intentions to the Admiral, and he disavows
the actions of his cinimi-Bioncr Lin. This latter,
i.nleid, has fallen into di.-grocc, and the Emperor
,.T ... In..,r.r..t -S .1.- .- - . .t .1 U.illsb,
lo ho dealt with as they may think proper.
Chusan is not to bo given up until the treaty be
signed.
It is slated (and certainly ihcro is nothing mirac
ulous in the fact that his Celestial Maj-'sty should
be so iillucnced.) thut !he Emperor is greatly an
noyed at our occupation of Chusan, and his Minis
ter hinted "that the Admiral's visit had prevented
the much of fierce soldiers lo retake tho island-"
We ore sorry to add that dysentery prevailed a
niong our troops at Chusm, and that the climato
was vciy unhealthy.
Tho news from India is also of iho utmost im
parlance. The Cubool and AlH-h inistan war has
b. -en terminated. By our advices thence, we leurn
fiat Dost Mohammed, alter sustaining another de
list was compelled tJ throw himself upou the increy
of the British, and accompanied by only a tangle fol
lower, hud placed liim-f under tfio protection of
ss.r V-M'.Na;thl3n. From Scindo, also, we barn
that the happiest results hid followed the steps la
ken. Tho Btlochees had Ust allied irt'ier difcats,
with considerable loss on their i art, ai.d a compara
tively trifling sacrifice cn curs, and had been n du
el d lo submission. They had recently plundered
the country in every direction, but tho greater por
tion ol the pillage bad fallen into our hands. Kht
lalwas on the 4di of Novembir occupied without
resistance hy tho troops under tho co'iiuiaiiJ of
Central .Noll.
All fears of hostilities from the Sin iks arc also at
Hti end; f.r w; are informed thai Kuiruck Singh,
King of Lathrc, died on the S:b of November, and '
hat during (he fui.crjl eereiiiony his succcs-or, !
.Nou-Nehal fc-iugli, Was killed by aeciJei.l. Shere '
Singh hat ascended the throne. With the two fir- !
ner, who were considered to bo especially advert !
o gieat Britiaii, all dread uf threatened hul:li:y !
us vui.i.-hcd.
Out intelligence from Alexandria, slate, that ihe
iip of the Ureal Liverpool, from Falmouth to that
lace, with the mails, had been nmdn in fourteen
ays end one hour, for ciily twelve days and one
our of which time she was at sea.
The plague hud pcarrd in Alexandria a month
nlier than u-ual, and three deaths had been offici
ly noticed. Ibrahim Pacha w as slid with his army
t Damascus to which be had returned in very ill
.alth and hiset by iho mouiiuiuct r-i, hoping (il
aslelevcd) I J aTail himself tf the Napier con
ntion to return to K;;ypl peaceably and by sea.
cheniit Ali had aain vmiIIui lo Ailiiaiul Mopford
I ll.o -1st nit., ai.il pr. jioto.i lo ;e;.d . i.i.t'utr ines
ge lo expedite the iciurn if lruhnn and liU
my, Hif Clmlis had anivcd in the Hyilra
ex ndlia, r'.lld I.jVU g had un interview Willi I he I
icha, laced the llydia at IjH uruie, to cuiivey !
I decpalch to Mnimoricu on iI.k ult. Nil :
larlea left AIcxai.d:ia in llic (n at Livirpui.l. te-
i
us sickness had pr vniad ut Acie. 'ihe storm i
' t vuitcd th toast vl !i)ii.i had piouuctd an i- j
i.ing Kuitiiy u Biyuut tiul in the mountain, !
fie the New Tniktl governor Lad ueUe5ltv !
Mopped the supplies of grain arriving, and the moun
tainrers were again neatly driven into collblon with
the authorities by desperation.
No hnpo is enlcrtnined that the port will be able
to govern Lebanon, now that the population la re
armed. Mehcmct Ali was s'ill raising butteries and
exercising his troops incossantly, and had given no
tico to the National Guards of Alexandria that they
wero to consider themselves hU regular soldiers.
At Ihe same lime he was making prepentions for
the better cultivation of his private estaies, and had
appointed his son, Said Bey, nnd grandson, Abbas
Pacha, to be resident administrators in seperatc dis
tricts. It has seldom fallen to our lot to publish such t
mass of vitally important intelligence from so many
qurtcrs in which deeply 'valuable British interests
have been at stake as that which we have thus re
ferred lo.
Tho results cannot fail to be in the highest de
gree satisfactory. Tho power of British arms has
been recognized, or vindicated, tho expense of
long-protracted and di-tanl wars hSs been saved, and
an end has been pul to that instability of affairs
the most dantjeious to her commerce generally,
however profitable in particular cases which must
have given to mere speculation a most unhealthy
impetus. The i ffects of the Chinese intelligence
have been already fell. The price of tea at the
timo we write (3 o'cloik) has fallen Seven pence
per 11'., whilst that of East India cotton has risen.
The caii'O of tho lormcr ihangeis obvious; the
cause of the latter is, that large quantities of cotton
which, had the war continued, would have been
shipped for this country, will when the usual trade
shall l ave been again opened ot Canton, be sent to
that port j and wo are aware that in August la-t
one nalive merchant (Ji m-et Jcc) had in his pos
session, wailing the turn of events, upwards of 100,
000 bales of this article. M alters have thus already
begun to set.te down lo the level of a wholesome
standard.
We hasten to place before our readers the follow
ing extracts from a letter we have just rc-civ, d, da
ted Chusan, September 30th. Several others which
we shall publish to night, are beforo us, much more
full particulars, but the following contains the head
and tho front, of the news from Chinj.
Tho Admiral, Elliot, arrived in tho Wrllesley, on
the 28;h from the Gulf of Pe-clic-!ee, as I beforo told
you. The result of his negotiation, at the in ulh
of the Peho, with tho 3d in rank in the Chinese
Empire; is not fully known, but I may say, that
the Emperor is willing to apologise for the insult
inflicted upon Capt. Elliott, and thai his Excellency
Lin is to be punished in any way which we please.
The Chops weie couched in very civil language,
containing none of the oil'ensiw epithets so freely
apjdied to Europeans on former occasion. The
Emperor had been kept in ignorance of Lin's pro
ceedings, but many of (he Nobles of the Court had
perfect Information relative to the Viceroy's conduct
at Canton. In referring Admiral Elliot to Canton,
for the settlement of the inatler in dispute, the Em
peror said through his interpreter, that granting nil
which you say to be true, it would be exceedingly
unjust to condemn Lin without giving him a hear
ing; besides Lin's report is quite different Tom
yours. I will send plenipotentiaries to Canton to
make proper inquiries and who afterwards will ar
range with you there. This reasonable course may
have been adopted for the purpose of removing the
Admiral from tbo vicinity of tho capital ; in that
the Empcrot has succeeded, but nevertheless, the
Expedition has effected something ; the men-of-war
have carefully surveyed the Gulf of Pecch le, and
have partially explored the mouth of the Pe ho; tho
Emperor too, has fit himself obliged to reciive the
baibaiians in a polite manner, and has acknowledges-
"Victoria" to be the 0.uecn of a great nation. The
Madagascar steamvessel crossed the bar at the mouth
of tho Pe ho, and ascended tho river for about two
mile-; iho vessel created great astoni.-hmetit in tho
minda uf tho people congregated on tho banks, and
on the neighbouiing hills. In the gulf, the weather
was clear and cool, the thermometer falling as low
as CO.
C'omiiiri'ce of Leeches.
All our I, eches are imported fiom Hamburg. The
Hamb urg dealers draw their supplies from the
I'kraine. " Having cxhuustcd all the lukes of Si
beria, Bohemia, and other lume frequented J arts of
Europe, ihe buyers are now rolling gradually and
implacably eastward, carrying deadi and di solution
among ihe leeches in tl.eir course, sweeping all tie
fo:e ihein, till now they have got us far as i'ultava,
ihe pools and swamps about which arc yielding
them treat captures." (Brenmer, lixcurs. in the
interior of Russia, vol. ii. p. 10H, IS39.)
Leeches are sometimes imported in bags, but more
usually in small barrels, each holding about 2000,
the head being made of stout c invjs, lo admit the
air. 'j he Wii vessels for pristiving these otiiuuU
are Liigljed blown pans or wooden tubs. The
dcaieis have a notion (and possibly a correct one)
that the leaden glazing is injurious. These pans
should bn very littlo more than half tilled with soft
water (pond, river or rain water.) This docs not
require changing so often as is commonly supposed.
In very hot weather, or when the water has be.
conic bl. ody, or otherwise much discoloied.it should
lie changed every day or so, otherwise, in summer
every f ur or five days or a week, in winter once a
month, is believed by large dealers to be sufficient.
The ccn-umption of leeches must be enormous
Snmeyears 1.50 it was stated that f ur principal deal
ers in London, imported on the average (100,000
moiill ly. or 7,200.000 annually, (Price, Treat. 011
Naiiiiiisin-t, p. 129, 122.) Fie (Cours d'Jlil.
Nat. t i. p. 21.) says It in estimated lhat 3,000,
000 are annually consumed in Paris, and as tho pop
ulation i j'jrjs i ,0 ,)lal 0f ,ne wloe 0f rfHnce as
one is 1.1 ihirty.tbreo, it follows ihr.t independently
of o pollution, 100,000,000 arc consumed annually,
wl.i h 1. equivalent to Ihro Ucl.es uliliually f.-r ecll
person. Now, if we estim.io the average price at
filly franc pei tlu.usand.we hall Lave ihe enormous
sum of live imllious of francs paid for this one ar
ticle el our materia medica." llngfah l'jUr.
THE AMERICAN.
Saturday, February 6, 1841,
Itcmoeratle Candidate Tor Governor,
cn. DAVID It. POUT Hit.
A meeting will bo held at ihe house of Hi
rain Price, this evenirg, relative to the establishment
of a National Foundry.
fj Wo ref. r our readers to an ortic'o from the
Pennsylvania Inquirer, nn the subject of the com
pletion nnd importance of ihe Danville, and Polls
villo 11 v I lio.ul.
fcj- M'l.cod who was imprisoned at Rochester,
on a charge of being one of tho persons eng ped in
burning iho Caroline, was released a few days since
by giving the rtquisito amount of bid, Il is said
that he was no sooner released than a mob of seve
ral hundred persons again arrested him, on a charge
inado by the owner of the boat, for damages.
t
Gj'Orir neighbor of tho Suubury Gazette, Il
seems, has assumrd the special euro and keeping of
our representative, and is highly indignant at out
reinirks in relit'mn to the magnanimous conduct of
our said representative, in withholding from us, and
through us from his constituent, the Governor's
Message, eve. Take care friend Yciuiguian, li st
the public should suspect your own personal resent
ments having too great a share in this matter. Con
science is frequently most treacherous. You have
more to fear from that source than from any " ran
corous hos ility" or malevolence cf disposition from
us, either towards yourself or your friend, Never
suffer that chri-ti in meekness of temper, so peculiar
to yourvelf, to disturb the equar imily of your mind.
Then take advice kindly inttnded; for
If thus my friend, your quill, you use,
To keep your brain in such a pother,
I'ls but left the pinions of one goose,
To spread the 'pinions of another.
There then, you have it in poetry, though not
wholly oiigina'.
rjj The Sur.bury Gazette informed ils readers lasl
week, that the reso'.u'ion to distribute the proceeds
of the public lands had pasted, but necleclid to tell
thorn that our member hail voted against the reso
lution, by which, the State would receive one million
of dollars annually, and which amount the farmers
must mako up by taxation every ytar, unlc.-s the
hill should pass hi Congress.
(JjT" The Canal Commissioner's Report, for which
we arc indebted to Mr. Fleming of tho Senate, is an
able and interesting document- Tho tolls on the
canals and rail roads, for this year, amount lo
$1,108,138 72.
The Board advise an impropriation this year, for
tho extciilion of the public works, and for repairs,
of ?3,578,827 00. Tho climate of the repiirs of
the Shamekin Dam, is f 30,G00 00. To complete
feeder frc til Shamokin pool, 51,720 00.
CililKl.
It appears by the late foreign news, that the Bri
tish have brought the Chinese lo teims of negotia
tion. The Emperor of China n gr.es to pay 3,.
000,000, or $15,000,000 for ihe exprn-ca iucurrtd
hy iho British in the present war, as well as for
damages for the opium destroyed by iho Chinese,
belonging to Biiiish trader.
The Lrgisilatnrr.
In the Legislatuio there have been presented va
lious petitions for new counties, no less than live or
six. Among them is ore for a new county out of
part of Nordiuiubeilund, Dauphin and Schuylkill,
to bo Called Mmo. A bill has bieu reported 10
that effect. Mr. llorton reported a further suppli
mint, lo the act incorporating the Sunbury Canal
Company.
ronstvss.
In Congress the most exciting, and wo may say
a! ali.-orbing lopie, is the bill for the dirlribution of
tho proceeds of the public lands. This bill will be
supported by both our Senators, Mr. Buchannan
and Mr. Sturgeon. Indeed, we cannot see how any
man in Prnnsi Ivauia, capable of understanding his
right, having any regard for the true interest of the
Mate, could oppose such a measure. Mr. Sturgeon,
in presenting the resolutions of the bgi.-daiuie if
Pennsylvania, expressed himself as foMows, which
we copy from the Baliimoro American:
"Mr. Surgeon said he should comply with the
instructions, and for the reason that ho believed lhat
the piople of tho Slate were in fuvor of distribution
Were the question involved in the resolutions put
to the people, ho believed they would vote for them,
and complying with the instructions of lb legisla
ture and ihe wishes of the people, Le would vote for
the amendment Introduced by the Senator from
Kentucky, (Mr. Crittenden.)"
'i he same paper gives the following account of
some angry remarks between Mr. Calhoun and Mr.
Muuguin, the Senator uf North Carolina 1
' Leaving the land question, Mr. Calhoun came
to Suinu of kis personal grievances. He complain
ed of a Senator's remarks in reference to himself,
and w as disposed to consider ihem as personal.
The Senatoi from Noilh Carolina replied to him,
as ho said from one of two motives either from en
mity to himself, or from desire 1 1 become the in
strument of gratifying ihe malignity of another
(meaning Mr. CLy, I presume) who was known
lo be 110 friend la hiiu.
Mr. Manguin .i l It would be difficult for me
to diguibo Ihe fitraoidiiuiy feelings under which I
have listened to the exhibition of the Senator from
South Carolina. -
The Senator from South Carolina has studied, it
would seem, to misunderstand mo. If lie impute
to me cither of the motives he has named, I would
trample under foot the opinion as I would the man
who made the impntation. He did not understand
that the Senator from 8. C. had mado these Imputa
tions. Ha had but strongly insinuated something
of the sort.
The Senator knows mo better than lo make any
such imputations upon me. I feel as humble as any
body but humble at I foel, I can tell the Senator
thM I would not descend to notice him; but, as a
man of honor, I do not see how I could avoid no
ticing him, holding the opinions he seems to have
insinuated. While, said Mr. M. I hold a seat in tho
public councils, I shall never bow to power nor stoop
to flattery. I never Lave done il, and the Senator
knows it.
The Senator makes a most extraordinary exhibi
tion. I repeat then, said Mr. M. an exhibition
which, if the imputation made bo unworthy of a
place in the Scnato or any whfre else
Mr. Calhoun interrupted Mr. Mangum with explanations."
From the Pennsylvania Inquirer.
To tlie Prcsl'lrnt nnd Mnniigrra of the
llonrd of Traite.
GnTr.KE5, As all mailers relating lo the
trade of Ihe city, hive in some measure been dele
gated to your care, I beg leave to draw your alien'
lion to Ihe condition and prsspects of the Danville
nnd Putlsvill Hail Koad, a work which was origin
ally projected for the purpose of securing tho trade
of tho Susquehanna; but was obliged to give way
to more fashionable objects, which have attained the
altitude of their merits, and left the abused mind of
tho public to rest upon less deceptive enterprizes.
Believing then, that it is within your province to
inquire into, and report the facts to those interested,
I have no doubt thai you will listen with attention,
and report with candor all matters of importance to
the Irsde of the city.
The fact that the work is completed lo Giraidvitle
on tho East, on.l from the town of Shamokin lo
Sunbury on the West, wilh but twelve miles lo
connect and complete it, is perhaps known to you
all. But it is not so well understood that the wes
tern rection from Shamokin to Sunbuiy is in com
plete operation, and in another year will pay a
handsome percentage-upon the cost of i!s construc
tion. Late in the reason this year, the operations
were commenced, and 15,808 tons of coal were
transported to Sunbury, paying at the rales allowed
by law $ 9,184 80; 1C0 tons mdze 500 tons bricks
and limestone; 60,000 feet lumber, ami 3400 pas
sengers, weie also conveyed over the road. Bu
this is but tho beginning. The town of Shamokin
already contains over 100 houses, with a furnace of
the largest class ready for ihe blast. The second
furnace is being built, and will be pul in blast during
iho summer; which, together, will require about
10,000 tons-of ore, and (iOOO tons limestone. The
toll on all this, with tho manufactured article, will
amount lo f 10,91 1. Then, if we consider the in
crease of Ihe Iron business, and add $,8000 for every
furnace, Iwsidcs the produce, Ihe merchandize and
the travel of the consuming population, it will not
be difficult to estimate the general advantages of the
work. There are also contracts for delivering 50,
000 Ions of coal from this region during the next
sea on, and w ithout considering the increase, which
we hnve a right 10 expect, the receipts of the road
will be not less than the following estimate :
50,000 tons of Coal, ut 60 cts. per ton, f 30,000
23,210 tons of Ore, Limrsono and Metal, 16,941
5,000 Passengers, at 50 els, 2,500
1,000 Merchandize, Ac. 600
Lumber, 500
50,544
But if wo look at the number of Furnaces and
other Iron Works along the Susquehanna, in which
Urge quantities of coal is consumed at the market
which is opened by Ihe Tide Water Canal, and
then at the quality of Ihe coal and the extent of the
region, we may safely infer that 200,000 tuna for
the succeeding year, will be about the business of
that end of the road. On the west branch of the
Schuylkill, 200,000 ions is the estimate for next
year, and as this region is much less in extent, and
their rail road is dividing 14 per cent, we cannot
pul the coal business from the Shamokin, at less
Admitting then the amount, the toll at 60 cents per
ton, would bo $120,000, without any estimate for
the increase of Furnaces, or for any of the trade that
must necessarily pass over the road.
With the amount already expended and the sum
necessary to complete the works, the whole capital
will not exceed 1,000,000; and if the business as
sumes the character, that the preparations at Shamo
kin at present indicate, that end of ihe road will
more than pay the interest uf the money. Bui if
we add 10 Furnaces, each averaging 60 ions per
w rck, and each giving to the road not less than 1 3,
000 tons per annum, it will not be difficult to prove
lhat the Danville and Poltsville Rail Road, will be
the most profitable work in the country. With
out the great trade of the Susquehanna, for which
il was originally projected, and without which our
city cannot prosper, its local business alone will
make it a pr .fit able investment. The Iron business
is already beginning to show ils importance, and as
tho discovery has been made, lhat it is cheaper In
bring the ore lo the fuel, than ihe fuel to tho ore,
iho Shamokin and Mahaney regions, from the low
price of the land, is the location for the Iron Works.
This fact is sufficiently clear lo those wlio under
land the business, and to those who are ignorant,
it will be equally clear when they are told that fuel
is much the Urges t ingredient in smelting and refi
ning a ton of Iron.
But without attempting to enforce upon your
minds, estimates, of which yati have had upon pa
p r a quantum tutlicit, I would draw your attention
lo ihe fact, lhat ihe Danville Furnace is producing
to her owners 40 tons uf metal per week, and that
contracts are offered to build, and put in blast, fur
usee sequally govd fur 1 5,000 each. Then a, iUi
furnace la of the emallcst class, under 8 feet in th
boshes, and requiring as many hands to work her
at one of the 1st class the fuel also costing $2,50 p.
ton, and notwithstanding the combustion and posi
tion, she is mnkina; money for her owners is it
not probable that where the fuel is so cheap, costing
not over CO cents per ton to mine it, lhat upon the
line of this road the chief iron works of iho country
will be established.
With this trade, however, at it now elands, nnd
with all the prospects for tho future, is it right that
the citizens of Philadelphia should suffer it to flow
into the Chesapeake, when its tendency is this way
or is it the interest of those who have expended
to much money in ships in tow boats ice boats
wharves wherehouses rail roads and canals, to
suffer thia work to rot, this trade to escape, and their
hopes to vanish, without inquiring into the facts t
I think not, and therefore suggest that a committee,
not of brokers or shavers, but of sober sensible met
chants, be appointed to visit the route inquire In
to the particulars, and make a formal report lo the
citizens. A PHILADELPHIA??.
The Cnal Trade of Pennsylvania.
Scarce three centuries have elapsed since the va
lue or coal was fust discovered, and it is now in
general use in both England and America, and ap
plied to many highly useful and valuable purposes.
It is evident that although the United States possets
almost boundless forests of limber, yet that in cer
tain portions of the country, and in the immediate
vicinity of the large seaboard cities, there must ne
cessarily be a considerable deficiency of it experien
ced, and indeed now, although the demand for wood
has been much lessened by the extensive use of
coal, tome owners of forests contiguous to the na
vigable streams on tho Atlantic coasts, have actual
ly refused to fell lheir trees unless for timber pur
poses and ut an increased recompense, they consi
dering them entirely too valuable to be felled for
the mere purposes of fuel, and look forward to the
day as not being far distant when their value will
increase four-fold. When the timber of a country
is used for fuel, there soon becomes a scarcity of it,
and especially where it is tho interest of the landhol
der to clear his ground for purposes of agriculture,
which is the case throughout the inland stales. In
England and Ireland, turf and peat had Leen used
from timo immemorial before tho introduction of
coal, and ils value was so littlo known for nearly
four centuries after its discovery, that it was only
used by the poor in the absence of other fuel. The
coal trade of England is now said to be 21,000,000
tons, and gives employment to 150,000 colliers.
The inconveniences anticipated from a scarcity of
fuel, occasioned by the rapid decrease of woodland
in the vicinity of our city, have been dispelled by
the coul discoveries in the heart of the state, which
will doubtless supply oil our wunts in that line for
centuries lo come. Besides their value in the man
ner just named, they are destined to become a great
source of wealth to the Stale itself, by creating a
revenue which is annually augmenting, and which
forms one of those natural and exhaus'.less resour
ces that will stand by her in nil emergeniies, and
contribute largely to retrieve her from present dif
ficulties. Pennsylvania, backed by her coal mines,
enjoys a greater certainty of future greatness, than
though she possessed all the rich mines of Peru.
Philadelphia Chronicle.
The Story of a Defaulter.
We recently adverted lo the defalcation of James
L. Hawkins of Ihe Franklin Bank of Baltimore, to
the amount of 138,000 nearly one fourth of the
capital. The Boston Atlas has a long and interest
ing account of this individual. It is stated that he
resigned his office in the bank la-t summer, before
it was known to any, save the directorship, that he
was largely indebted to the institution. He had
been its cashier for twenty years, during all which
lime he was believed by the woild to be a man of
incorruptible integrity. When he fir?t entered the
institution he was poor, but his salary increased
gradually till it reached twenty five hundred dollars,
and a dwlling; yet it was certain that his expen
sive style of living could leave but little to be laid
up from this source. He first received some ten
thousand dollars from his wife's estate, and this he
is understood lo have invested so fortunately, that
ihe ten thousand grew lo twenty, then to thirty,
and forty, and fiflv; and going on in equally fortu
nate investments and speculations, it grew to one
hundred thousand. Then he drew a prize of twen
ty thousand dollars in a lottery, and fortune smiled
on him, every tiling prospered with him, and ho be
came a wealthy man. B.U he was prospering by
fraud the while. L ke Dabney and Levis, ho had
ventured once to oppropirate to his own use a small
amount of the property of the bank; and, the Rubi
con parsed, compunctious visitings weie like those
of the angels. He paused not, until, by chance, du
ring Lis absence, for a brief time, last spring, his
long concealed frauds were discovered, and then
surrendering privately Lis property to the bank, he
precipitately left Baltimore. His wife, on learning
lhat he bad became involved in pecuniary difficul
ties, sent for ono of ihe directors and handed him
a release of dowry in the real estate. She had then
no thought that crime could be laid to Lit charge,
and it was only two weeks ago that the fact was
made known to ber. She was a devoted and affec
tionate wife, noble heartedand high spirited one
who could have met poverty with a smile, but, as
she said, could not survive dishonor. She sank
quickly under the accaroulaiion of mental suff ring,
and on the evening of the 16th, died if a broken
heart. She told those around her that she was dying,
and besought them to feud for her husband. He
came from Lit concealment in time to receive the
last look of the partner of his young years, and the
solace of his old age the victim of bis crimes,
whose parting words were yet of forgiveness and
affection. Ulckneirt Importer. ,
Medical Schools. The three medical colleges
at Philadelphia, are now in ojeration, and stlended
by iri hundred and fifty pupils.
Fioin the Pittsburg Gazette.
NEW VOTIIC AND PKNNT1WANI A.
It appears by the recent censut of these two states,
lhat the rate of increase in ihe Keystone, hat been
considerably more than in New York, during the
last ten years.
New York upon a ctock of 1,913,508, hot an in
crease of 614,227, while Pennsylvania with stock
of only 1,847,679, hat an increase of 415,862.
Had the ra'e of increase In Pennsylvania been the
same as in New Yoik, our population would be now
83,000 lest than the census shows it to be.
The rate of increase in Pennsylvania hat been
rather more than thiity-three per cent., while in
New Y'ork, it wat rather lest than twenty-seven per
cent.
This is, no doubt, a result more favorable to our
slate than hat been generally anticipated.
In the preceding ten yean, the population of
New York increased 640,796, being 26,000 more
than in the last ten ; while in Pennsylvania, (he
population in the former period increased only
298,359, lieing 147,603 less than in the last period.
Thus it appears lhat the population of our state
hat started forward wilh fresh vigor, while that o.
New York has received a chock.
We think there would be no hazard in predict
ing lhat the ensuing ten years will give a still mon
favorable exhibition of the comparative increase o
our population.
Our internal improvements are advancing to com
plclion, and our vasl mineral resources are rapidlv
developing themselves, and adding to our wcaltt
and population.
Both these causes will be operating with full vif
or during the next ten years, and cannot fail t
give cheering results.
it A . Mil . t:.
Tita Onto Bask Bill. An entire re-organize
tion of the banking system of Ohio seems lo be ii
tended. The Committee on Batiks and the Cu
rency, of the lower House, have reported a bill con
taininingsom'! important provisions which we sha
undertake to present substantially to our readers.
The Bill proposes to incorporate the State Hun
of Ohio, with branches, having in the whole a cap
tal of twelve millions of dollars. This is to consti
lute tho banking capital of the State. The corpc
rate batiks now existing, are authorized to subacid'
their stock lo the Stale Bank, not execrding thei
available capital. Each branch bank is to have
separate corporate existence, and to derive separat
profits. The whole system is to be under Ihe di
rettion of a Board of Control, elected by the Bian
dies, each voting in proportion toils stock.
The organization being thus complete, the open
lions of the system are to be regulated as follows:
The Board of Control has the sole power of i
suing the 'circulation ; they furnish it lo iho brar
ches, countersigned by their Pres'dent and by th
Cashier of the Branch. The Board of Control ai
to determine the amount of the circulation of eac
branch, according to the business and character
the place wheie it is located ; but in no case sha
any branch issue a circulation greater than twit
the amount of its capital. F01 the further tccurii
of the bank notes, a Fund it to be raised by a te
on Ihe dividends, increasing as the dividends ii
crease. This fund is to be invested, and the int
rest re-invested, until it amounts to one-tenth oft! ,
whole capital of the branches ; and in case that 1
branch becomes insolvent its notes are to be redeei 1.
ed immediately by the other branches, aad ihey a a
to be reimbursed from the Fund. The affairs of tl e
insolvent branch are to be settled by a trustee ap
pointed by the Board of Control.
To preserve a uniformity of exchanges, the pa
per of each branch it to be taken at any other
branch, and Ihe payment of all duea to the State.
Il is made the duty of the Board of Control to visit
by ihe committee, the different branches, to regulate
exchanges, settle balances, Ac.
With regard to Directors and Stockholders it is
provided thut the directors are to act under oath,
and to lie liable in lheir individual capacity ; and
that no stockholder shall owe a branch more than
the amount of his stock actually paid in.
Bait. American.
COLD WATER I
Tempera lire I'olkx, 1,00k Out !
.Inil Tojterg, Take .Yotice ! !
rPIIERE will be a meeting of tho Sunbuiy Tem
perance Society held in the Stle House on
Monday evening Feb. 8, 1841, being the 2d Mon
day evening uf the month, at which time it is ex
pected one or more addresses will be delivered ;
and it is hoped that a'l who feel disposed to assist
in the great reformation, and also ihoto who "liken
a wee dlirop of the crathure," will attend.
ATTKNT
7"OU are requested to meet for
parade in Market-square, Sun
bury, at 9 o'clock A. M. of Mon-
diy the
2'.M day of February inst.,
in Winter uniform, each Member
til IA with 1 2 rrtiimli. ivl
fJ,J By order of Captain Dewart,
J. H. ZIMMERMAN,
Orderly Serg't.
N. B. A court of appeal will tve
h5Caj hi Id on lhat day. all persons wishing
fj to apjieal will please attend.
Feb. 6. 1841.
ATTENTION MERCHANTS, &c.
E. F.& J. H.FIUCIC,
WHOLESALE GROCERS, FDRWAD1NG dc
raonrcR iommi&sio. mi.bhabts,
-Yo. 297, Market tit ctt, five duett altooe Stitnth,
PlULAItKl.rHlA,
rX?YT.R for tale, at the lowest market prices, a
v- geneial assortment of Teas, Coffees, Sugars,
Multisirs, HV.it, l.iifuws, Sjiitrt, 'i'obueeu, V".
Couhtrt Pruui ck received sud sold on commis
sion. Merchants, Hotel keepers, and others, will
find it to their advantage to call and examine our
stock, before purchasing elsewhere. MerehanU
wishing their goods c Heeled in this city, by leaving
an order, will have ihem promptly forwarded, by
the most expeditious lines.
xnwm r. raieii, joh , rm,
Fib. 6. 1811. I v,