4
tranhlin
'Wednesday, April: 6
;;
T1215M.- - ... 521i0r annum in 'actO ace; or .s2.to
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..
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enclose a two cent postage stainpi
WE give on the second page of to-day's
papei. the Bounty Bill recently pa6ed by
the legisiatUre. • Ibis now: a_la,w, hand the
people Of: the various diatricts can ar
rang* their. bounty subscriptions' under
its provisions 'without difficulty. It is
very latitudinons in its scope, and cpyers
alnrst every conceivable ease. -
Gux. 11PCLELLAN's Official Report, as
Made to the War Department, v9lntani
ous as it is, omits quite a numbs •of his
deOatchcs to , the President and S e6ret wry
Of War. The entire correspondence has
ru' been sent to Congress, and we shall
at last hare the whole h'stor
liVelellan's campaigns.
Lritrr. GEN. GRANT left Baltinnire for
Fortress Monroe, on Friday last to'confer,
with Geri.. Butler. The fact- that Burn
side is io•sall friSnr''...ktma.polis with some
50,000 men; alit' that Gen. Smith, one of
Gen. Grant's most trusted - officerg, is or
dered to7duty on the Peninsida. Ogether
with Gen. Grant's visit there, point pretty
conehisively to important and immediate
operations in that quarter. Gen. Grant
returned to Washington on Monday.
MAsrLANn votes to-day to determine
Whether a Coiivention shall be called to
eradiev.te Slavery forever' from its soil,
and also to elect Delegatea. We cannot
doubt' that the issue will be a decisiire
verdict in behalf of Freedom. Once dis
mathralledfrom the blight of human bon
dage, a new and bright future will open
for our, sister Commonwealth, and'anothz
or tribute will be 'added to the faith of
the- fathers who founded 'the RepubNe
upon the inalienable rights of Man.
CoL. COLD, the rebel commissioner of
exchange, came to visit Gen. Butler under
tin of truce on 'Friday last, to confer
about the exchange of prisoners. It is
Confidently expectecLthat they will make
arrangements for the speedy i'elease of
all our prisoners. After all _.the blusfkr
of the rebels about hoklingnointereoarse
with Butler, they invited him to Rich
mond finder flag of trace to arrange ex
-chankes, and when he refused, they sent
their, commissioner to his-head-quarters.
Cot. QUAY, Military Secretary of Gov.,
Curtin, spent some Ahlys.in Washfnegthn
last week to get•the quota of troops due
from 'this§it;tte definitely ascertained. It
haslioteen ' officialy ktermined; but,
•
,ead of ,being in arrears some'74,ooo
men as has beetcpublished, the record at
Washiiigton wiltirTobably show an excess
of some 10,000, exclusive of the last call.
If this should be the official finding of.the,
Provost Marshal General, Pethisylvania
will have but 16,000 to furnish under the
late call; and the yeterans now in ser
vide would mosi•likely supply that nun).-
berby re r enlistments... - Gov. CurEni has
• been indefatigable - in.hiS efforts-to correct
the 'credits justly diia to thiaState, and,
weare glad to le4rn that he has been
entirely successful.
Tiir, Rebels and the 'Democracy sus
tained: two disastrous defeats recently.
Gen. Forrest advanced upon Paducah with
some 5,000 men, And• it was manifestly
part of the plan that he was to capture
thatpoint and then inangurate revolution
In the Southern portion of Illinois, where
:they reject - free schools and vote the
Detnecrat# ticket with a yell.= But Col.
Hicks, tW nilon commander at Paducah,
=fortunately Tor the "plan" and the
alliP4l,- not only refused to - ,surrender the
pod and his MCA; but actually repulsed
thou and , compelled Forrest to retreat
leaving his dead and wounded behind him.
n the...meantime, his Democratic allies in
S4therii Illinois, started their revolution
in wyeral • counties, and finally were
round or 'captured .and taught-the pro
priety oforder and obedience to the laws,'
by Union ; soldiers. Boit of the allied
patties failed. The Illinois Democracy
failed to aikForrest at Paducah, and For.
rest failed to aid the :Democracy in their
fevtdrttlext-180 the immegiate l partauship
• is supposed to be dissolved until further
awfice..
THE PITCSKIIMXIA4L,,STRUGGLE.
Jlr +
The c,arnpaign of
,186¢ opened-with the
utter discomfiture, of. the' Democracy in
New Hampshire, and there -must be a
counter current of popularopinionXiiitin
the next six months hitherto unknown in
bur political history', lithe loyal States do
not vote as a unit fora, Presitaitial can
didate of unquestioned devoon to the
Cause of our commoncountry. The close
ofile63 left the DeMocracy without a
single victory within the year. The Em
pire State repudiated , Seynthur by nearly,
50,000; Ohio rejected Tallandigham -by
over 100,000; - Pennsylvania defeated
Woodward with. all his eleventh hour
professions of loyalty, by over 15,000,
' although some 70;000. soldiers were dis
frauChised ; and , Indiatia, Illinois, and
every debatable State declared unequivo
cally in favor of the policy of the National
Administration.
1864.
The new year which is to witness•the I
most momentous National struggle ; in the 1
history of the government, clearly fore,
shadows the result in November next,
New Hampshire was contested with an
energy amounting- to desperation, and '
both sides claimed the victory with equal
confidence; but the , vote in support of
the 'administration candidates astounded
friend and foe. -Where the. Union men
claimed but 1,000 majority, they received
1
._.
over 5,000, and scarcely a Democratic
candidate survived the struggle to tell that
his party had organize& existence. Con;
necticut followed on Monday last, with the
decisive repudiation 'of the Deineer . my ,
and Rhode Island will.certainly follow in
the same patriotic deVotion to our imperil-
~
ed Nationality. .
Admonished as the . Democracy - have
been by universal defeat in 1863, and the
foreshadowing 'of like disaster in 1864.
they have ceased to claim distinctiVeprin-,
ciples, and have resolved themselves into
mere political camp-followers. The late
Democratic.. State Convention, , held in
Philadelphia, on the p4th ult., furnished
the most striking and humiliating evi
dence of the utter demoralization 'of that
once great and dangerous political organ
ization... It had in it \ the same leading
spirits' who drove it 'to the very verge of
open treason in 1863 , ; 'who endorsed Val
landigham, and denounced only the loyal
government, while the bloody usurpation
of Davis passed without a word - of con
demnation; but they feared to avow their
principles again, and with unblushing
treachery declared themselves willing to
adopt any platform that promised success.
It• l n4 be made to suit South Carolina,
or it may be made to harmonize with
Massaihusetts,--either will be acceptable
if it can only promise success.
And what is Democratic success accord
ing to the policy of the leaders? They
do not hope to elect the next President;
they well know that under the most fa
vorable condition of things they cannot
poisibly,give to any Democratic condi
-date a majority of the electoral vote.—
\That, therOs their aim? .. The deliberate
_purpose of the_Denwer atie leaderg is to de
feat the election - of a President in Novem
ber next! They are not fools; they do
not hope to carry New Hampshire in No
vember when it gatve 5,500 against them
in March; they do not calculate on sac
sess in Connecticut iu the sumac year that'
it gave 5,500 , majority in condenination
!of them and their policy - in April; they
cannot reverse, Neiv York with_ 50,000
' agninat them in 184 mid_ the soldier ate,
to'be added in 1864; they are not weak
enough to vomit ou; Pennsylvania when
70,000 soldier's are to. swell tlye loyal side.
in the next struggle 2 ;. 'and if. these States
, are beyond their control, they are hope
less in the intense Republican Suites, such
as *assachusetts, Vermont, Maine, Ohio,
Michigan,' Wisconsin,. Minnesota, lowa
&c., while the regenerated Southern States
are, of, all others,' the most implacable in
their hostiffty to Northern sympathisers
with the rebel cause.
But in the face of theSe tviwouraging
facts, which they comprehend an(t Nl p re
elate fully, they are hopeful thit
may deceive the people into dereiithig the
election of • the Union •,, t,=4; and if
111
. so, they will have att - :. .7eir.CiONVii
ing purpose, by pin 47iiinment
into anarchy/ This ' drily can
they proMise the Nation. k'':ethein the
strongest possible political curent in their
?favor in November next, • and the very
most they can accomplish is the defeat . '
of a choice in the electoral college; and
that once affected, there can he no elec
tion of President, and anarchy is as hies-.
/table as the rising sun.. They can carry
ItentnCky, probably Missouri, Oregon and
New Jersey, and they hope to divide the
Union strength of the West, by a divers
-1 ion of the radical German element, so as
to give them Indiana, Illinois and several
`other States. This done, they have
achieved their victory, for the nominaot
the Baltimore Convention would fail Of ;
an election. They expect nothing more—
indeed most of them want nothing more.
They would prefer losing their own can=
didate by a failure, to elect any, to the
success of their candidate if he is suspect
ed of any degree offidelity to the Union;
and to defeat a choice, therefore. would
be •then .complete victory. The House
could not ,elect, for it would require a
majority of all'the States 9f the ;Union to
e pwly witt.the provisions .of the -Con
- t
X 0 .7 tipos
stitution;. and Pennsylvania, Ohio, 'Mis-
Indiatt,. Nei
Illinois and ; New Jersey, have now Dem
ocratic delegations and would vote Dem
(i.cratic,' while "Maryland, West Virginia,
Delaware - and the ReOublican States
would vote.for the Union candidate;buta
majority of - the States could not possibly
be concentrated on either candidate, and
the government would be brought to in
extricable chaos, This
,would be the
triumith of the Hughes, i the Woods, the
Vallandighams, and their coadjutors, and
the Nationality of Our fatherti would cease
to exist save in history. Prom anarchy
and the revolution it wOnld inaugurate,
We should in the end find refuge either in
a new Despotism or in the Despotism of
I Treason.
—Such is the aim, thei settled purpose
of the Democratic leaders in the coming
Presidential struggle. Failing to over
throw the government by,their treacher
ous sympathy with traitors thus far; their
last hop is
. t 6 . destroy the Republic by
defeating the election of a President in
November nest, and hurlingtwenty'mil
,
lion. , of people into hopeless anarchy.
Let oyal Men •ponder well as to the en
tertainment to which they are.iinvited.'
OUR STATU. REENVES.
A thorough revision of our:Staterev
enue laws, long demanded , by equity, is
now demanded by imperious 'necessity.
The revolutionists of the 'Senate 'resolutely
refused to allow any; legislation for the
relief of the Treasiny the interest
on'the State debt matured,; . anq the enor
mous suns of half a Million. was literally
plundered from the *payers:to gratify
the studied purpose of the Democracy to
embarass our finances , and .strike a blow
at our National credit. Sucka , depletion
of the treasury, with the Heavy demands
made upon it in "the nulitatry deparment,
'must render the / ordinary • reV.ennei un
equal to the expenses of the 'gevernment;
and unless our tax system is '.searching-'
ly and sensibly revised, we Shall hav44
a. sadly enibarassed treasury i before the
close,of the fiscal year.
Adincrease in taxes' is. notnecessa
and if it be done, it will simply show that,
the legislature is wanting in tut intelligent
comprehension of - our vast reSourceS.
our present rate, of taxes .was imposed
equitably, we would nearly if not quite!
double our revennes; audit is confessedlyl
true that the property and capital which!
escape taxation most, are thoSe.whicharei
least deserving of exemption. Not one-!
tenth the money actually at interest is!
taxed for State purposes; and there are
thousand'avenneS of profitable business;
which manage to evade our presentloose
and incongruous tax laws. Our system,
Of valuation is perfectly farcical, and will
`so remain until we pave such enactment
as will enforce fair valuatiOn in'eVeryi,
section of the Commonwealth. Ottrl
Board of Revenue (onamissioners hasi
.1
bcconie a mere aggregation of joekeyl
shift taxation from point to point, -as the
more skilful mebibers Can best suceeed;
and the whole system,i fromi beginning to
end. -is behind the age invites dishonesty
and at last fails to nic•et the wants of the
treasury. _
, ,
. Naturally enough the Rcipresentativei
from the Agricultural 'dis i tricts 'pounce
upon corporations, and if they can only
save lands from taxation, their missionAS
accomplished whether the necessities of
the treasury are met jor net.. It is but
right that corporate "Wealth should pay a
much larger share of the taxes than oat
lands, for the reason farming does
not afford iramense profitS,, On the conl-,
tory, it requires iudnstry mid frugality
to pay a_moderate interest, on the investr:
ment„ While many Corporations divide
large gains to their stockholders. But:
corporate wealth should be - taxed unit
formly, and actual profits, not Unreinuner
ative capital, should be the basis; and it
~ ,slienid be so imposed as to reach all and
operate justi3= in its bardens. To tax the
gross earnings of Ilailrtads and other
-transportation compailies,,Without regard,
to te r nett revenues, would be a great
. wrone'r-he Quinberland Valley could
afford td pay ttr*,ax upon its gross receipti;
but hoer' would l - bsieratel, on the Prank : -
lin, that-does not PO' the interest on its
bonds, nincli less dividends mton its stocky
So the Pennsylvania i_lentral could afford
it;' but ihow with the Philadelphia and
Erie ; tie Allegheny ValleV; the
.Coli f .
nellsvil e and similat - roads. whiCh - have
never d dared a dividend, and probably
won't d dare one for ten, years to come 1'
Such a system of taxation, would be most,
unjust and should not be entertained.
Actual capital, dividends and surplus
funds corporatiOns i are l eg iti m ate
sources of revenue by is cation, and *t r a
judicious and uniform system reaching
them, our laws would be entirely just
, and vastly increase the revenues of the
I
Valuations should.e honest; and Until
they are made so, we shall have every
conceivable frauds practiced. Everyidol
ler, tit interest should be' reacted by some
prup li er and effectual prOcess, and lands
shOuld be rated at their actualcash value.
The uniform custom now is th value real
estate at about one-third the trice it could
be bought for,:and in many tections, the
Yaluition is not more than one-fourth.
The people elect their Assetsors, and as
xii,: - I,tiii,i! - - 6 - ; ; : 1864-:
the general effort is to reduce. the valua
tion Of 1404, all feel justifiable in labor.'
ing and voting to:bring their own to the
loWeSt possible Point.: This ,system is
vicious andunfortunate for both the peo
ple and the State ; and it cannot too soon
, he broken up. If our lands were valued
justly, "a tat of tivo mills upon real estate.
with; a - judicious'. tax systerri reaching all
other sources - , of wealth, would be more
thaaa enough to Meet all the Wants of the
government andinsure the gradual
liqui
dation of the debts - If-for no, other rea
son, the necessityforniutual integrity be,.
tween the •tax,payers- and the! State de
mands thoronglOmd honest. valuation. -
—Ne beg tcy:, remind the legislature
that' thereis a vast amount of 4 money due
the :Stat&for ,Unpatented lands which
should be promptly collected. There is
no consideration of justice or public pol
icy that can require ionger indulgence to
• - -
tbose Who have: held possession Of`lands
'for Years, :withOut pretendin'g:to pay the
' clabn of the State. It is estimated that
tive,nallliont are_ due the common ,
,wealth fo - t . lands ;
, aad the time has came
when the. State greatly needs it, and the
people are abundantly lible to pay. 7 It is
unjUsfte thoge , haVe honestly paid
for their lands to allow others to hold and
enjoy, the Use, of theirs without- paying a
farthing for them; and the times are most
propicious for calling in this vast reve
nue. Let it be demanded promptly and
collected,rand if net needed for theordi
- nary expenses of the government, let it
be devoted to the various military expen
ses incurred in preserving our National
imd to tempering the 'sorrow of the
many .who have been bereaved by the
murderous arm'' of Treason.
01:Tit atrDICIAL
The'l4slature 'erred grievonsly in .1551.
by its failure to reduce thOttunber of Ju
dicidl districts in this State before any of
the Judges were chosen by tbe,people:
OnCe chOsen for ten years;it :was.next ?
impossible to consolidate diSt-:tiets, where
it involved the, legislation of Judges out:
of office. Very many of the districts were
confessedly too small—not requiring more
than from twelve to sixteen 'week's labor
out of the fifty-two on thei part of the
tPresident Judges and instead of correct
ng this evil, the legislature every once.
in a while erects a new district and di
minishes the labors of else 'Judges and
Wantonly increases the cost of our - courts.
We: have-been led to' refer to this sub=
ject by tle passage of a bill in the Sen
ate-to erect a new Judicinl4istrict out of
Union and LyComing eounties: There is
•• -
neither local necessity or public policy
to 'favor sucWa Measure. Judge WOod,
off LeWistown, has Union,,! Snyder and
Mifflin for his; district, and lie, is not•em
plOyed over twelve weeks in the . year.
Tike Union fiinu his (lisp:let; and he will
have Seareelyeight w4k4 of court—leaV
ing him idle five-sixths of his time ; and
the, Jadge in the new district, would have
einplOyment not over' ten, or at the mit
'side, !twelve Weeks. Nor are 'any of the
distriell contiguenglo the new one at all
laboijous. JUdge Gfraham not employ
ed over fourteen =weeks the Cumber
land; Perry and Juniata diStriet . ; Judge
JOrdan is not employed half—probably
not one-third' his._ time in the Northain
berlatuldishici; Judge Liun could much
better take Weounty to hiS district than
sPare one; so with Judge Taylor, and so
with two-thirds of the Judgo of the State.
Why, then, erect;new districts which are
not called for by any public necessity,
and Which Public policy so clearly fOr
bids I Why impose needless bOrdens
upon the treasury when eyery dictate Of
jiistice and economy -a demands that our
Judicial districts be diminished in mitn
bet rather than increased`? If any aspir
ing wants to•
_beconie a Judge,• let
lain bide his time; and not demand to be
pensioned needlessly on the treasury, to
dO little or nOthing, and to diminish the
labors of these who are . already cursed
With idleness'. WOutbnut to the legisla
ture thatthere' eanbe no rational justifi
cation of 'such. a measure; _audit should
be promptly- defeated by the House.
Our Judicial districts should be care
fully revised.,' but the tithe' is not - yet at
h'''and when it con ,be done with entire
justice.. In 1871 when-moat of the Judges,
,are to b choseu'again, the dititricts should
'he diminished fully one-fourth, and tie
Awl lIPAL d:could'
ford to coirtiensate them Properly - With . ..
out increasing' the cost of our courts.
Irntil then they certainly should not be
increased' iv number. " lii case , of -the
death or resiinaiiannf any..Tudgc, if at all
practicable, his,' district should be, parti
tioned to others where there is not cm.'
ployinent for the Judges' half the cline.
AboVe all things the legislatiire should
Ovoid such. legislation looking, to the'
benefit of individuals at ; the Cost of the:
, .
people. , • 5
Pawl rtiallaniligham. I. One year, ago
he vcias the martyr of the, Democracy--
was nionthtated for Governor amidst, the
ivildest enthusiasm and deafening cheers
---was greeted by the Democracy' of Penn-
Eiyiv4rtia as one,. whose Cause was made
their. cause; and every Democratic press
and prator was eloquent in Portraying the
kratentipn of a traitor. But now the
people Itave C.Ondemned him in their de •
votim to their government, and he is per
mitted.to fall in the house of his friends
as a mill-stone no longer - to be borne. , In
the late Ohio . Convention he was beaten
for Delegate at large the National
ICon
vention—the vote a ndin for Itanney,
216; for Val. 212; an 4 the ennsylvaidal
Donocracy seemed forgetft tli,at such a
man as - Val. over live l. Stich is the tate
- , .
of a traitor! .
.............1 ....;,... , .
TOE steamship city. oilCork4with European
dates to the 21st. instant, ,arrived at New York
on,Stituoday.. Prince' Frederick, of Augusten
burgis reported to have been 'found dead in his
bed ut Kiel on the morning of the 18th. On,
the 18th 'three Prussian men-of-war attacked
the Danish blockading squadron off Griefs Uvalde,
Ponterania, bat after an engagement of two
hem* thC Prussian vessels returned to:the har
bor. !On the 17th there" was fighting all along
the line of Thippel village, and the Tonjeberg
position was taken - by the Prussians. after a
heroic resistance bythe Danes. The position
of Duppel. was unharmed,but-the bombardment
of the intrenchinents, according, to a Flensburg
dispatch, was - renewed the' next • day,- and n
terrific dannondade was going. cm, AtiTiel."3
front:StoCkholin to the Isth - state that fresh
disturbanees have taken place. The "police
office was attacked, andthewindowsin the resi
dence of the chief.of the-police wore smashed.
AliKANAS.—Althougli Arkansas is the sec
ond , hf the secorleti States to hold an 'election in
renewed allegianee to .-the Constitution, she.
will be the 'first to resume her place in the
Union. On the 14th of March she adopted her
new free constitution by a popular vote of over
ten thousand; in }spite of the threats,' and, in
many plaes, the actual interference of rebel
guerillas. • Three members are elected 4 - o the
}lonic , of Representatives from the several
districts. The Legislature, which meets next
mouth, will proceed 'to fill the vacant seats in
the United States Senate. The Governor elect
is Isaac Murphy, who was " faithful among the
faithless found" in the conveittihn that voted.
Arkansas out. of the Union. ' "The last shall
be first" in this case, for the State that closed
the file 'of the sePeders,,now heads the column
of regenerated States which have already be
gun seeking, repentant but glad, the fold of the
Union.
, J,E4E. CLEMENS, fiqueity U. S. Sep- -
ator from' Alabama,: in a late Union speech de
livered at Huntsville, gave the - following secret
of the bombardment of Fort Sumter:
"In 1861," said Mr. C, "shortly after the
Confederate Government-was put in operation, •
I was in the city of Montgomery. One day, I'
stepped into the•Foffiee of the,Seeretary of War,
Gen. Walker, and found 'there, engaged in a
very excited discussion, Mr. Jefferson DaVis,,
Mr. Menannager, Mr. Benjamin, Mr. Gilchrist,
a member of our Legislature from Lowndes
county, and - a number of other prominent,gen
tledaen. They were discussing the propriety of
immediately opening fire on Fort Sumter, to
which Gen. Walker, the Secretary of War, ap
peared to -be opposed. Mr. Gilchrist said to
him: 'Sir, unless you sprinkle bleed iirthe face
of the people of Alabama, they will be back in
the old Union in less than ten days !' The neat
day; Gen. Beauregard opened his batteries on
Sumter, and Alabama was saved to the Con
federaey." .
BILL, completely reorganizing the militia
of the Commonwealth, making• theta more ser
viceable for resisting raids from the enemy, has
been prepared •by the Chairman' of the Coni-
Enittege on the Militia system, and read in place
in the House. It is built mainly 'upon the Mas
sachusetts system, and meets the approval of
the'. Adjutant General. Under • this bill, the
State is divided into Regiments •and Brigades,
and it preSeribes the manner of.choosing all
the , Offleeri of the minor organizatiens, elective.
it gites Philadelphia four brigades, Allegheny
one. The pay Of each officer,-non-commission
ed officer and private is - thO same as that of the
regalter service, allowing, however, thirty cents
for rations to each man. Pr fine of seventy-live
doliars,is impoied for non-attendance. -
CAPT. Wm. P. IluADv, long an-officer of the
Pennsylvania , Senate, died on 'l.Monday last,
aged over 60 years. He Was with Commodore
Perry at his victory on " take Erie 4ariii g the
war`, of 1812, for which he received a silver
medal from . Cotigress. He was the Whig can
didate for Assembly in the Clinton, Lycomin g
and Sullivan district in 1846, but,was defeated.
In 1847 he was 'chosen Assistant Sergeant-at
tains in the Senate, and has remained hi that
position ever sin en the face of all the political
mutations that body has experienced. He was
invaluablEtis ail ofileer and his fintiliar face and
kind attentions to Senators will be sadly missed
iu the first legislative tribunal of the State.-
-
Peach to the - ashes of Capt. Brady. -
As THE mountain would not go to Mahomet,
Mabomethas come to the mountain. Thereby'
Commissioner, Col Ouhi, who some time since
deClined to hold any, communication with.
" - Beust"Butler, with reference to exchange of
prisoners; arrived at Fortress Monroe on Wed
neSdity, on a flag of truce boat, and bad a very
cordial interviEw with the General, the result
of whien is not yet promulgated, as their inter
course will probably continue for two or three
dap. A proposition was made to Gen. Butler
j•aper,
.to Richmond,, with prtimises _ urephi
proteetion ; but he decline &iwa the'rebyl Corn.
misasioner has:, therefore, paid a visit to hi
ifexteils news to the 19th ult. have been re
ceived. Juarez has
,published a decree separa= .
ting the State of Coahuila from New Leon. The
repiart of the Papture - of Guadalajara bYTTraga
and the shooting of Aliramon is , pronounced an
fonnded. Uraga is said to be •marching to the
south - of Morelia. Ortega is reported to lave
been routed in 'Jalisco by the, French, and'to
hare disbanded his troops. The French have
abandoned• Tobaseo and Xinatitian. The
French cruisers are soon to 14cluideMazatian,
hlanzanilla and Guayamas.
THECincinnatt Gazette remarks that "the
protracted and heated struggle in - - the (Ohio)
State Democratic Convention; seems tohave
been over a difference of opinion, whether Mr.
Vallandigham or Gen. McClellan is the best
representative of the peace and surrender De
mocracy. WW 441 qbliged to declare ouraston,,
ishtirat •thitt may , one-half the Convention
4 i9nted get). McClellan's pre-eminent claims
to this cintranter•
THE Cincinnati Enquirer Lays down the
"prirteipla of the Ohio "DeuMeritei! , 'ficthi s
wise: "Thee can be no war under the 'Ceasti
tution for the coercion of a arriorei ga R ide.
The Democracy stand by the Constitution, and
insist that such a war cannot be Kosecutediter
- any le,gitirnate or just purpose, or in any Nit
Manner." On this platform the Ohio " Deihne
racy" run Geo. B. McClellan. •
JuDGE Itanses, hf North Caroßatt, in a xc
cent habeas corpus case tried before Nei; decid
ed Mat the act passed by the Raid Congress
for, the conscription of persons who jiate Sure
isea substitutes for the war was unconstitii
tioid. • '
niNiNta ow LIMIT PRISON.
A long and interestieg speech Waitnade by
Gen. Nat Dow, at Portland, Maine, on Friday
last;-at the public reception . given himby the
citizens', and in the course of his remarks, he'
confirmed the report that the rebels in Rich:
mond mined the Libby Prison, at the approich
Ofßilpiitrick's forces. The General gave.the
following account of the barbarousitet: -
0 They told us of- .I(dlpatrick's raid. On the
firstof March arrangements had been made tit
receive him.' And what do you suppose the ar
rangements were? :To defend Richmond? Was
that it? No. They mined Libby Prison, mirk
the intention of blOwing it and-us; to use their
own, Phrase, - 4 to blow ito bell!'
there.proof of that?) That is capable of proof. -
I cannot tell you how the fact was intimated to
us the next day, without betraying those from
whom the information came. On the morning
of Wednesday, March 2d,'after we had.been-in
formed of the gunpowder plot, Dick Turner,
the Inspector of Military Prison; was asked. by,
many-officers at different times if we were cor
rectly informed, and he assured us Hue; true ;
that a large quantity of povvderThadheen placed
under. the prison, to blow us up, if Kilpatrick
had come in, and that it Would be done yet if
attempts were made to rescue us. '
"Rev. Dr. Smith. President ofßandolph Ma
con College, well known down South, .and
known in the North too as au able : and influen
tial man, came into the prison to visit Lieuten
ant Colonel Nichols,
of the Eighteenth Conn -
Beet regiment, with whom he wits acquainted.
He stated that powder had been placed in the
basement 'for the purpose of "blowing us into
atoms." Col. Niehola did not believe it. Dr.
Smith assured him it was so. He had then
come from the office of Judge Ould, Commis
sioner of Exchanges, who told him that it was
so. Rev. Dr. McCabe said' the same-thing to
Colonel Cesnol4 of the Fourth New York (till . - -
airy, and others. Some 'pricers' were in the
hack kitchen at the window, directly over the
door leading into the cellar. Major Turner.
the commandant of the prison—Dick Turner---:
and four or five rebel officers went into the cel
lar, and on coming 'out they remainefla few
minutes at the door, and one of the officers said,
"By,G—, if you tench that off it will blew
them to it—, sure enough? On'the morning
We came away, Major Turner assured Captain
Sawyer and Capt. Flynn, who wero . exchanged
in connection with myself, that powder w•aa
there. and he said, "rather than have you res
cued I would have bloWn you to even if
we bad gone there, ourselves." At- first we
could not believe it, not that we did not sup-.
pose them capable of it. We - did mot suppose'
them to be fools enough to be guilty of an act
like that. The destruction of nine hundred
Federal. idiom in that way would not have
been a fatal blow to the Union' cause, but it
would have drawn down upon them the execra
tions of all mankind.; :it wonld have united the
Northern people as one Ilion, and would have
filled the Northern heart with an -intense indig,-
natioti, and when Richmond should be captur
ed, it would have been , utterly destroyed and
blotted out forever from the earth. A first we
could not believe,that such an act could have
been contemplated, but we now regard it as es
tablished by satialaethry proof. Such is the
temper of• the leaders of the rebellion! Such
their character.
DIFFICULTIES OF A CAMPAIGN IA
VIRGINIA.
If Gee. Grant does not defeat Lee and drive
the rebels out of Virginia in' three months, or
if he does not Win` in every move and every hat- -
tle, he will not be hooted ,down and disgraced.
We know now by sad experience what war is
and what are the- obstacles to be overcome in.
Virginia. From a calm and Soldierly article on
the Army of the Potomac, in the Army and
iVaey Journal; we take some instructive hints
as to the difficulties'of a campaign in Virginia:
On the Tight of our,army are chains Of mon..
tains which enable the rebels to conceal any
flanking movement they may undertake, while
the valleys afford to them the means for no
easy and uninterrupted passage to the Potomac
above Washington, and one almost entirely
secure from attacks in their rear. On our front
is lt succession of rivers, presenting great natu
ral obstacles to our advance, and at the same
time easily defensible; to make flanking move
ments by ascending them is to open current
attacks from Fredericksburg, and to cross below
the rebel army, leaves the railroad a prey t 4
guerrillas. The country is,.inoreover, masked
in every direction by dense forests, rendering
anything like' a surprise in force impractieabi,.....
•
. A few rebel scouts may at all times easily detect
and thwart such a movement. Such are the,
natural features of the eountry.
It is a well known rule of military operations
that a "base" should neither be too extended
nor too limited; and that it should be`accessible
by several routes. The base of the Army of the
Potomac is just the width of a railroad track,
and that railroad furnishes really the onlyprat
ticable route- of communication. -For every;
mile of advance beyond Fairfax Court House,
MO men arc requiredto protect:the rear. The:,
leaders of the rebels of course , understand all
these circumstances, and are always ready ;to
take advantage of them. They are folly aware,
thht they can hold in check, with three-fourths
of its force, the Army of the Potomac. Mean
time, they pursue the Fabian policy--:the policy
of Washington on the mountains of the Hudson
river. They Are not foolish enough to stake
everything on the risk of a battle f exCept where
invulnerably fortified. They -will not- attack,
nor will they accept a battle in the
own rear 'needs no protection theyhavetWo - ,
railroad routes besides all the ordinary roadi.
Thus they have all the advantage of lioaitioa
on their, side.-
But are we in view of these difficulties to ex
pect nothing from the Army of the Potomac ?.
No,.it may overcome them in two - or three ways.
First, with a sufficient force to cover its Banks,
it may compel the enemy to retreat asilitick
mond tabe abandoned. Second, it maybe able'
to bring on an - engagement; whieb,will -prove
decisive. Third, by cutting if To'4?se fioniWasir
ington, and making it a raovoitble eirlattea; it
may go at any time to the rear of the rebel ar
my and open a new base for itself' on the Pa;-;
mnnky or York rivers, or by the railroad.from
- Fredericksburg. We risk nothing in -saying:
that the army can at any time go to Riehmoa;
if relieved 'from the necessity of protecting its"-,
rear. ;This could have been done last fall, when
General. Meade crossed the Rapidan and was,
stepped by the rebel works on Mme gun.
armycaii transport' fifteen days, subsistence and
foragv t - . Aid . with this it can be movedlo Bane-'
yer e*to House, where it can operate on A .
neittteee - ; or, if succeisill inTercmg tbe rebel
lines, can even enter Richmond at once.