nguoonn & THOMPSON. 21°31:me 1b.." DEMOCRATIC BANNER" In . published weak! .on Wednesdu mormn a. t 2 -3; a); 75 If mm; m Enhance.g u 8 per nnnum o nper (‘on o discontinued 1 non oFlho editors) unul ull urrexfrungszlutg lngidop‘ ”Advalllfiewpll. &c., M lho usual rules. I Interesting Irom the Pacific. Operations of 00!. Fremont in Cp per California. The Washington Union of Monday night. contains a lengthy and very inter esting letter from Cal. Thomas H. Ben ton. relating to the operations at Col. Fre ‘mont.doring the last winter and spring. in Upper California. together with others from Col. Fremont, giting a graphic and interesting account 0! hrs movements.— 'Col. B.’i letter is accompanied by sever. nl columns of official correspondence be tween the outhoritie-t of Upper California, and Thomas O. Lurktn. E-q. our Consul -ot Mont‘erey. relating to Col. Fremont ontl'the attempt to drive him from that de partment, iii the early part ofthe year, by force of arms. Our limits lorre brevity 'upon us, no that we are compelled to omit even the substance ol these letters. but it is not unknown to our readers that the ap pggtrnnce of Col. F. and his party in that department ol Cullfot'nto, early to the year, gave anything but anti-[action to the authorities. and this correspondence he tween our Con-ul and Governor Castro, resulted from a protlomntionirsued by the latter, petetnplorily commanding Colonel Fremont to withdraw with his men lrotn; the country. From the letter at Colonel ; Benton. we learn that tiller Col. F. ltatl§ umsrd the Rocky Mountatneund the St-l one Nev-do ol the Alta Cnlilornia. he] tell hie men upon the lrontier. an hundred ‘ rnileulrnm Mottlerey. and went alone tol that ctty to prlaltl hll object and wiahr-sl In person to Gov. Castro. The interim-w ‘ war entirely satisfactory. and repulted in I permiiston being granted him by the Gov» i eruor to winter In the valley ol the San ‘ Joaquin. where there was plenty ol game lnr his men and gratis for his horses.— Surcely had he arrived in this valley with his men. when reports began to reach him lrnm rill quarters that the Governor was rairing the province against him—he was wanted of his danger by our Consul—the nttlers proposed tojoin him but he refuti ed their assistance—and taking position on the summit ol the Sierra, thirty miles from and overlooking Montetey. he uwnitetl lht‘ oleailantvt. From this partition he could clearly discern the movemente ofthe tort-e under Gen. Castro, but after all their threattt, they only approached the camp. and Col. Fremont. not finding hirnnell at tached. and determined to avoid collision, then determined to retire, and to proceed to Oregon, on his intended route oi the valley of the Sacramento. the Tlamath lake, and the tallcy ot the “'ohlnmath river. Accordingly, about the 10th of March, he lelt his position on the Sierra. descended into the valley ol the Sun Jon quin. and commenced his march by slmv' and easy stages of tour and six miles a‘ day. toward: Oregon. The Governor af ter hitt return from the evacuated camp on the Sierra, iSlur‘d a proclamation denoun (lnt: Col. F. and his men as a band oi robbers and nighwuymen. and It appears they were not even permtttetl to retire wtthout lurther molestation.-—Penn'an. W'e copy from Cnl. Benton's letter: " The first letter that we received from Capt. Fremont after his withdrawal from the Sierra, and from the valley of the San Juan. is dated the first day at April. in .itstitude 40. on the Sjcrnmento river; and, (though written merely to inform Mrs. Fre lont othis personal concerns. becomes im portant in a public point oi new on ac count otsubtequent events in June and July. by showing that on the first of April he was on his way to Oregon—that he had shandoned’oll intentionof returning thro' any part of Cnhtornia—mould cross the Rockyanouotainl through the Northern Pass on the line between the Upper, or lKettle Falls at the Colum in, and the «Great Falls ofthe Missourigand be in the tUnited States in Beptembe . This shows vthnt he had. at that time, no idea of the e -venta in which he was subsequently intrul~ «ed. and that he had abandoned the cher 45th field at his intended scientific re ..leorches for the express purpose of avoid '.ingra|l ofl'ence to the Mexican authorities. .0! the events in the valley of the San Joa qti'tn 'and the camp on the Sierra. he speak: it. few words without detail, but descriptive of his condition, characteristic othis prudenoe'.tn not‘compromising his country) and worthy to be repeated in his nownjleogoage.‘ ‘He trays :f' The Span iar‘dsdero somewhat rodesandinho‘spita. bluibelow, and-orderedgrne out 'ot the coun- V' trv.“ttitor_hsving ,‘given too permission to ‘p’rinter'there. -, My sens‘e‘of duty did not ‘tpermit‘mewtogfight themphut we retired olot'riy Bt'grotvlin'gly hetero a force of 3 or 4 :hutt'dre‘dimen. and two pieces of artillery, ‘Withontthe‘shhdow ole cause.'the gov _iernor.‘_at‘tddenly‘ raised the nhole country '.apinst-to‘e; tuning a false and scandalous 'gpt'oie'l'lmationr' 0! course. I did not dare to compromise the United Statemagninet which appearances would havetyeen strong; ‘ *tt'ttt though it was’in my’po'wor to increase ‘iniy party by Montana! refrained from ' eotntntttin'g o lolitsryyoct' “of hostility or .improprjstyfi? gljitt next ‘tetter ‘is dated ‘ memocratit flannel: the 14th of May. and infbrms me that, in his progress to Ocegnn. he lound llimsel! and putv unexpectedly attacked by the Tlomnth lmlmna—ihe must warlike ofthat quanter—had lost five men in killed and wounded—and still expected to be in lhe Uniled States in the month of September.‘ Thil was the Int letter received from Col. Fremont until the lollowing. of July 26th, from Monterey, and which was bro’t by Commodore Slont. It is a plain state ment of his movements. and will be rend with deep interest. The letter 0! Col. Benton goes into a lenghty and able re view of the (tpet'nlinnl at Col. F. 8'". {ul ly justlfivs his conduct agninet lhe lulse~ hoods and ganconade of Gov. Castro. The Union truly ”ya—Nothing could be more moderate at first—nothing more decided, when he was assailed by the Mexicans— more manly. more heroic than his con duct.” ' iPrivale let/erfram Captain Fremont to Senator Benton, dated flfonterey oft/(e : fllta California. July 25, 1846. Mrs-ion or: CAiiMi-LL.‘ July 25. 1845. l [My Dear Sir—When Mr. Gillespie o \‘erluolt me in the middle of May, We were encamped on the northern shore of the Greater 'l‘lamelli Lake. Snow was ilalling steadily and heavily in the moun |tainr|. which entirely surround and domin [nte the elevated valley region Into which lure had penetrated; in the east, and north. land west, bariiera absolutely impassable gbarred our road; we had no provisions ; [our animals were already leeble, and while lany other way was open, I could not bring ginysell tnatlempt such a doubtlul eiilere gpiise no a plunge at these unknown innun ltaina in the dead of winteril Everyday lilie snow was falling; and in the lace ml the depressing influence exercised on the ipeople by the loss ol our men, and the uri-‘ [promising appearance of tiling-l, ljudged it ; llriexpedient to pursue ourjourney larthei't [ln this direction, and determined to ie~ trace my fifth, and carry out the views ‘0! the gorerriinent by reaching the linritier on the line ol the Colorado river. I had ncarcely reached the lower Sacramento, when Gen. Cautrn, then in the north (at Sonnma, in the department of Sunonia. north til the bay ol San Francisco, com. ina'nded by Gen. Vallejo.) declared his determination immediately to proceed n :ainst me. and after defeating me to pro ceed against the foreigners settled in the country. for whose expulsion an order had just been issued by the governor ot the Calilorniaa. For these putpmes Castro immediately assembled a lorce at the Mis sion ol Santa Clara. a -trotig place. on ”It" tiorthern shore ol the Franctscn buy. You “ill remember how grossly outraged and insulted We had already been by this ofli-i cer; many iii my own camp. and through out the country thought that I should not! have retreated in March last. Ilelt hu miliated aiiil humbled ; one o! the main objects propuwd by tliiri expedition had been entirely defeated. and it was the o pinion or the, nllit‘er- at the squadrn’li (so I won iiilornied by Mr. (idle-pie) that l conld imtagaiu retreat consistently With any military reputation. Unable to pro cure supplies elsewhere. I had sent by Mr. Gilletipie. Capt. Montgomery. com inaiiding the Unlli'tl States nhip-olmui Portsmouth. then lying at M'onterey, a small requisition for such supplies as were iridiapen-ably neceisaiy to leave the val ley; and my annuals were now in such a state that I could not get out ol the valley. without reaching the country which lies on the west ride of them In an entirely destitute condition. Having carelully examined my position.- and loreseeing. I think, clearly. ALL the consequences which may eventuate to me lrom such a step, I determined to take such active and anticipatory measures as should seem to me most expedient to pro tect my party and justtly my own charac ter. 1 was well aware oi the grave re sponsibility which I assumed. but [also determined that haviug‘ouce decided to do so, I would assume itand its consequen ces lull, and entirely, and go through with the business completely to the end. I re gret that. by a sudden ern'ergency,l have only an hour lor wiiting to all friends. and that therefore lrotn the absence ofdetail, ‘ what I say to you will not be clearly on dentood. Castro’s first measure was an attempt to incite the Indian population of 1 the Joaquin and Sacramento valleys, and the neighboring mountains, to burn the crops ol the foreigners and otherwise pro ceed immediately against them. These Indians are extremely numerous. and the succesa of his measure weuld have been very destructive; but he'failed entirely. 0n the 6th ofJune [decided oi: the course which ‘1 would pursue, and 'imm’edintely concerted my operations with the loreign' ers inhabiting the Sacramento valley. A few days afterwards, one of Castro’s ufli-‘ cere. with a party of' 14 men. attempted to pass a dreva of 200 horses lrotn Sono rna to Santa 'Clara, via New Helvetia, with the'av'ow‘ed purpose at bringing troops into the country, ‘ 0n the 11th. they were surprised at daylight on the Common riv er by a party of 12 from my camp. The horses were taken. but they (the men) were’dismissed withoutinjury.“ ‘At day break‘ on the 1.5t1i. the military tort 0t 80. noon metakensby surprise; with 9 brassE i ' Thq mimetic! Cube! ins inih‘ south omm» any-r: “ ‘ . '. ' CLEARFIELD, PAg-NOVEMBER 201 mm pieces of'artillery. 250 stand of muskets. some other arm». and a quantity of ammu nition. Gen. Vallejo. his brother, (Capt. an‘PjU.) Colonel Greuxdon, and some “he”. were taken prisoner-I and marched to New Helvetia. a iorlified post under my command. In the meantime a launch had reached New Helvetia with stores from the ship Portsmouth, now lying at Yerba Buena, nn Francisco bay. News ol Gen. Castro’s proceedings: against me in March. had reached Commodore Sloat at Mazatlan at the end of that month. and he had immediately despatched the ship Portsmouth to Monterey. With general in struetionsto protect American interests in Californian ' These enlcrprises accomplished. I pio ceeulnl (u the American selliemenls on lhe Sncrnnwnto, and lheJlio de lul Amer icanon, lo obtain reinforcements n! men and rifles. 'l'he intormutiun brought by Mr. Gilles ,m- to Captain Montgomery. in relation to my posillun, induced that officer immedi ately to proceed to Yerba Buena. whence he hurt tleupzilcherl his launch to me. 1 immediately wrote to him by return of the boat. describing lo htm fully my positiun and intentions, in urder that he might nut, by huppusing me to be acting under ur dergllrom our governmen'l, unwittingly commit himself in ufiording me other than sugli assistance nu his inutructinnu wuultl authorize iliiin naturally to offer an nlliLer churned Will] an Important public duty; Dr, in fine. to nny citizens ul the United States. ~ Inlormation having reached me from the commanding officer at Souoma. that his pmt was threatened with an attack by n lorce under Gen. Untiml rained camp on the American lork ith the afternoon ol the ‘23d. and. accompanied by Mr. Gilles pie. at two iii the morning ol the 25th, reached Sunorna, with 90 mounted rtfle» men, havmg marched 80 miles. ()ur peo ple stlll held the place. only one dwision ol Cautro'a force. a squadron ofcavalry, numbering 70 men, and commanded by Joaquin de la Torre. (one of his best offi cers.) hailing succeeded in crossing the ntraitii. (Francilco bay.) This lorce had attacked an advanced party oi twenty A. ineiicans. and (was) defeated with the Inuit ol two killed and two or three woun ded. The Americans lost none. This was an unexpected check to the Caliiur nians, who had announced their intentions to detect our people Without firing a gun; to beat out their brains with their “ lape deror.” and destroy them “ con cttc/iillos 'puras.” They were led to use this ex preaatoll from the circumstances that a lew dayii previous they had captured two oi our men. [an express.] and alter woun ding, had bound them to trees, and cut them to pieces while alive, with an exag geration ofcruclty, which no Indian would be capable of. In a few days de la Torre wa‘ driven Irom the country. having bare ly aucceeded in eflecltng his escape acrosl the hlraits, the gun- [nix large and hand- Ulilllt' pit-cu] IplkEtl at the fort on the stout/i attic ot entrance to Francisco bay, and the communication with the opposite side entirely broken off. the boats and launches being either destroyed or in our purist-anon. 'l'htee ol'Caatro'a party hav ing landed on the Somme: side in advance, were killed near the beach; and beyond this there was no loss on either side. In all these proceedings, Mr. Gillespie haw acted with me. \Ve reached Sonoma a gain on the evening of July 4. and in the morniiigl called the people together, and spoke to them in relation to the position of the country. advising a course of ope rations which was unanimously adopted. California was declared independent. the country out under martial law,the force organized, and officers elected. A pledge. binding themselves to support than meaa~ urea. and to obey their officers. was signed by those present. l‘he whole was placed under my direction. Several officers from the Portsmouth were present at this meet ing. Leaving Captain Grigaby. with 50 men in command of Sonoma. I left that place on the 6th, and reached my encamp ment on the American Fork in three days Before we arrived at that place. General Castro had evacuated Santa Clara. which he had been engaged in (undying, and with a (cute of about 400 men and two pieces of artillery, commenced his retreat upon St.. John’s. a fortified post. having eight pieces ofartillery. principally him. On the evening of the 10th we were electrified by the arrival of an express from Captain Montgomery with intormaiion that Corn Sloat had hoisted the flag at Yerba Boone, and cant one to Sonoma, to be hoisted at that place. One also was sent to the ot ficer commanding at New "Helvetia. re questing that it might be hoisted at his past. Independence and the flag of the United States are synonymous terms to the for eigners here, [the northern. which in the stronger part. particularly.] and according ly I directed the flag to be hoisted with a salute the next morning. The event pro duced a great rejoicing among our people. The next day l receivedlwexpress from Commodore Sloat. transmitting to me his proclamation. and directing {trio to proceed with the'l’orco under my ordore to Monte rey. The registered force. actually in arms, and under my orders. numbered two hundred and twenty riflomeng'mith one piece of field artillery. and ten m‘en.‘ in ad: ditjoa to tho'artillery ofthe garriiioit'.‘ .Wo‘ were on the eve of marching in pursuit of [Castro when this intelligence arrived; ac cordingly, I directed my march upon Mon terey, where I arrived on the evening of the 19th. with a command of 160 mounted riflsmen. and one piece of artillery. 1 found also there Commodore Stockton in :emmand of the frigate Congress, and Ad miral Seymour. tn command ofher Britan nic Majesty’s ship Collingwood. of eighty lguns. l have been badly interrupted, and shall scarcely be able to put you in full possession of occurrences. To come briefly to a conclusion. Com~ modore Sloat has transferred the squadron ‘ with California and its appurtenances Into‘ the hands of Commodore Stockton. what has resolved to make good the possession of California. This officer approves en ‘tirely of the course pursued by myselfsnd l Mr. Gillespie, who. I repeat. has been hand in hand with me in this business. I received this morning, from Commodore Stockton. a commission of Major in the United States Army, retaining command of my battalion, to which a force of eighty marines. will be attached. We are under orders to embark to morrow morning. on board the Cystic sloop of wanand will die. embark at San Diego, immediately tn the rear of Castro. He is now attire Puebla de los Angeles. an interior city. with a force of about 500 men. supposed to be in creasing. The design is to attack llm with my force at that place. He has new sev. en or eight pieces of artillery; Cumrnodore Sloat, who oes tune by way of Panama, promises to ha or send you this Immediately on his arrival at Washington, to which he goes direct. it is my intention to leave this country. if it! is within the bounds of possibility. at the end of August. lcould then succeed to crossing the Rocky mountains—later ill would not be possible on account of the snow; and by that time a terrttortal gov ernment will be to operation here. Yours, very truly, J. C. FREMONT. Hon. Thomas H. Benton, United States. Senate. \Vashington city, D. C. DEATH-BED OF AN INFIDEL The writer of this was called about mid day to visit a young man in the last mo ments of life. He was a professed infidel. and refueed any spiritual aid or the servi ces efa minister. On entering the room th escene was truly awful—the young man was dying—near the bed eat his widowed mother and cistern. He was struggling to hide his fears. and appear calm and collec ted in the conflict with death. As iap proached himl the window.wae slightly 0- pened to admit eullicient light; he turned towarde the window, and as his eye for a moment rested on me—it was only for a moment. however, for he as quickly turned away. with ma face towards the wall— aeemed determined to prevent my conver sing with him. i took his hand, he with drew it; i naked him to look at me and talk about his latter end; he groaned and. hid him-tell beneath the bed clothes. Again 1 held hie hand. and by gentle force turned him towards me. Hie countenance was intelligent, and his features good; his ap pearance indicated twenty or twentyone years of age. ‘ Shall l ptey with you, my friendi' ‘ No, no,’ said he; ' I don’t believe in prayer.’ ' Shall I read a portion ofGod's holy word?’ ‘ N 0 : 10. don't worry me; I don't be lieve the Bible. Why add to my suffer ings wuh such things? I tellyou lam an infidel, and all I ask is to be left alone.’ ‘Do you know 'on arod i . ' friend?" ) Y "S my}°“"g ' Yes, I know it well enough-l never shall see that sun rise or let again—l wish it was over—l wish I was dead—l wish you would leave me—l did not send for you--molher. mother. send Ibis man away —-in is useless l 0 lalk to me.’ » ' Oh. my boy,’ cried lhe’almost heart broken mother. ' do llllen to the word of_ lrulh. You will soon be beyond its reach -—you are {asthaslening lo lhajudgmenl. Oh, my child. it is a feaxful thing to meet God unprepared.’ Her sobs choeked lter utterance. I knelt by his side. and prayed for God’s Spirit to bring the wanderer back. He relied and tossed in his bed.) and constantly Interrupt ed me during prayer ; I then read from the Bible such verses as l thonght would lead his mind to right reflection. He hid his face. placed his fingers In his em, and beg ged me to desist. and groaned so audtbly as to alarm those in the room. After several ineffectual attempts to get him into conver sation, l rose to leave the room. As! P‘s' sed towards the door, I grasped his head and said. ' farewell. my friend.’ He rats ed his eyes towards me, and seemed to be willing to listen. ; ' Suppose" “aid I, ‘ W 6 were 00‘ board a ship together. and in some vtolenl storm the ship was wrecked-fl had secured a plank. and as I clung to It for ssl'ety.fi,.refu sad to let you take hold. Whatwould you think of me?’ “ .' Think of you? said he - 0 I thinkyou wer’e a selfish wrelc’h.’ would .- We ban been wracked—here [point ing to the Bible] is the plank 'oniwhich I reus'the billow of death are riding over you ; and Will you lay hold belato‘itia for. 'ov’er 100 lalo. Belonoyop illbi Ihbralém NEW SERIESn-VOL, I. NO. 40---WHOLE NO. 1038. ocean of eternity ; the voice of mercy may yet be heard‘. Turn you. for why will ya die? Your infidelity in no security for such a storm. "I‘hink ol'tiyour Saviour—o look to him as " your only stall, your only auto support.’ ' He kept my hand; the tear started in his eye ; hie whole soul was centred in the gaze of agony. ‘it is too late, too late; there is no mercy. no hope for £10,! am lost. forever lost.’ , Before the sun set, his eoul ‘tvaa in eter nity ; gone to the audit. At twelve years of ago, he left the Sabbath school ; com. menced hte apprenticeship, associated with infidelity and drank the poueon. At twen ty summoned to the bar of God, without I my oflight to cheer the darkness of the valley of the shadow ordeath. Young men think of this sad story; flee from sin to holiness and God.—'- Boston Watchman. Heated air has a tendency to rise. and cold air rushes in to supply its place.— Thus the heated air of the equatorial re gions rises and gives place to a current sent from the polar regions, which isa ‘proceu that serves to equalize the tem perature of the world. But the polar ieountriealying near the axis of the sphere. the air lrom those regions has not receiv ed so much motion as that about the equa tor, or greater distance lrotn the axis. wherefore it arrives at the equator. where the motion at the earth In greater. ll it had no motion before an east wind would be the consequence. and the force of that wind would be as the diflerence between the motion oi the earth where the wind came from. and that where it arrived ; but then it has a motion to the south; for it rushes into‘u vacum left by the air which rises. ID that the wind will not be from the east, but from the northeast; and the number ol degrees north 0! the east from which it will blow, will depend upon the comparative lorce 0! air from the north. to the difference between the earth's motion at the equator and at the‘polar region from whence the air comes. 'As there must be a corresponding efflux from the equator higher up. according to ‘thia theory the wind should every where be north-east or south-west, but it blows in diflerent direc tions at different times and places, and this probably depends on the variations in temperature at dillerent tunes and places. Residing between a slune-culler’a and an underlukcr'l. Passing a narrow palsage fresh painted. Dreaming that you have wings, and wa king with a fit of the gnut. Endeavoring to make violent love un der lhe table. and pressing the wrong foot. Heating the bell: ring {or the marriage of vour lival. Toaslmg cheege, and when it 'u more than half done. letting it tall Into the ash- Drying a long letter, by holding it neg ligenll; behind your back to the fire. as you converse with a friend; turning round and beholding it in flames. Forced by politeness to leave a comfort able party lor the purpose of accompa'ny ing a cross old maid [0 her lodgings, lwo miles distant. ' . \Vighing to wake early "for the boat,” —-louking at your watch, and discovering you neglected to wnd it over night. Making several memorandum knots in your handkerchief, and forgetting the im portant cause of every one of them. Dreaming that you have suddenly ac quired a large fortune; utretching out your hand to‘grasp the welcome booty. a waking and finding nothing in your fist but (he bed-pout. Going with a party of pleasure on the water ; while in the act of handing a lady into the boat, your foot slips. and you tumble in up to your neck. dragging the gflrignted fair one after you. ‘ U the people were no! hanged for mur der.’ said a young lady, ' we uhould not be safe in our beds]. p A member of the Society of Friends. who happened lo be pzelent, and heard this argument for capital punishment, drew his chmr up to the lady. and said-4 . ' I want to aak thee a question or two. Dost thou thinks man 'ought to be hung harm‘s he'hus rcpented E’ , ‘ ‘ 'o]: no--certainly not! No one ought to be neat into eternity until he is prepar ed for the kingdom of Heaven!’ ‘ . - 'Good!"aaid the Ftiend: ‘ but uoiv'l.fl have; another question to ask the’e. Dolt ' thou thilizk any man ought to. be hung arts: he has repented and is" ‘itted for the king dom of Heaven i” 3 " We neyodwot any the lady was :19:qu leaa. 5" ' “ “ COMIOALu'ms-a' A new broomj'wcepo clean,’ as the widqwuid wlle'n her .new hunban‘d ran 08 with it" her "WHEY. ; ' I can be no follower of mind." an lho‘ cripple said when thq ‘,lo,hl:eryrqul ofl‘wilh his crutches. ‘ I hope! hugoga'gi‘qep ,utisfactidn‘,’ is pistol ball laid ,I’g’liggfigm'n‘drd dyfielist. I’m gelling'up' in mg world.’ (b.lllO shad said When drawn ou't loe which 'Don’c ppgakfill a: bnc'e.’ a. “spin atmctor‘ said to by; deaf and dumb pupils ' \ r ’ \_ V ‘\_ * THEORY OF WIND. MISERIES IN LIFE. CAPITAL PUNISHMENT.