1 YEARIIN ADVANCE, $l . OO
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1 WEAR IN 0 DO
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1 YEAR IN 12 DO
fk 'No paper will be. sent to those ich
.I' :'-iipay in. advance after the czpiration of the'
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f f.:'- ttriflethA ojice, to receive attention, lima be
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•
t P:i. ". • PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
Paid) eitkeizs of the Senate
amid House of Representatives :
ISixty years have, elapsed since the es
*., '. tablishment of this' Gditriniment, and the
Congress of the United States again as
,','- serebles, to legislate for an empire of free
. I-: men. The predictions-of evil prophets,
`:.. who formerly pretended , to, foretell the
downfall dour institutions, are now re
,,;
i; membered_ only to be derided, and the
United States of Americti, at this'rnoinent,
1. -
present to the world the most stable 'and
permanent government on earth.
Such is the result of the labors of those
who have gone before us. Upon Con
, gross will eminently depend the future
maintenance of our system of free gov
, crnmeat, and the transmission of it, un
impaired, to posterity.
.. We are at peace with all the nations
of the world, and seek to maintain our
cherished relations of amity with them.
' . Daring the past year we have been bless
ed, by a kind Providence, with an abund
ance of the fruits of the earth ; and though
the destroying angel, for a time visited
extensive portions of our territory with
the ravages of a dreadful pestilence, yet,
.. the Almighty has at length deigned to stay
.:: his hand, and to restore the inestimable
¶ blessing of general health to a • people who
C have acknowledged his power, depwcated
his wrath, and implored his merciful pro
.
. tcction.
While enjoying the benefits of amicable
intercourse with rereign nations, we have
I not been insensible to the distractions and
wars which have prevailed in other quar
ters .of the world. It i'S'n proper theme
of thanksgiving to Him who ruleS'Plie,,des
titiies of nations, that we have been able
to maintain, amidst all these contests, an
independent and neutral position towards
~ 1 all belligerent powers.
Our relations with Great Britain are of
the most friendly character. In conse•
quence of the recent alteration oldie Brit-,
4 ish navigation acts, British vessels, from
British and other foreign p - orts, will, ( under
,' our existing laws,) der/ the first day of
January next, be admitkl to entry in our
` l l ports, with cargoes of the growth, manu
ifacture, or production-of any part of the
world, on the same terms, as to duties,
imposts, and charges, as vessels of the U.
U-
M; nited States with their cargoes; and our
vessels will bet - Admitted to the same advan
tages in Baitish ports, entering therein on
the same terms as British vessels. Should
no order in council disturb this legislative,
I arrangement, the lute act of the British
'4l
Parliment, by which great Britain is
%.! brought within the terms proposed by the
acts of Congress of the Ist of March, 1817
it. is hoped, will be productive of benefit
to both countries.
A slight interruption of diplomatic inter
4, course, which. occurred between this gov
eminent and France, I am happy to say,
F has been terminated, and our minister
there has been received. It is therefore
unnecessary to refer now to the eircum
i stances which led to that. interruption
)I need not express to you the sincere sat
isfaction with which we shall welcome the
arrival of another Envoy Extraordinary
und Minister Plenipotentiary from a sister
republic, to which we have so long Leen,
Istrong and still remain hound by the stronst
ties of amity.
Shortly after I had
,entered upon the
discharge of the ExecutiVe duties, I was ap
prised that a war steamer, belonging to
the German empire, was being fitted out
in the harbor of New York, with the aid'
of some of our naval officers, rendered un
der the permission of the late Secretary of
.the Navy. This permission was granted
during an armistice between that empire,
and the kingdom of Denmark, which had
been engaged in the SchlesWig-Holstein
war. Apprehensive that this act of inter
vention, on our part, might be viewed as
a violation ofour neutral obligations, in
curred by the treaty with Denmark, and
of the provisions of the act of Congress of
the:2oth of April, 1818, I directed that no
further aid should be rendered by any a
gent or officer of the Nttvy ; and I instruc
ted the, Secretary of State to apprise the
minister of the German empire accredited
to this Government, of my d etermination
to execute the law of the United States,
and to maintain the faith of treaties,. -with
all nations. .
The ecirrespondance, which insued be
tween the Department of 'State and
i (
the Minister of the Germ Empire: : is,
herewith laid -before you. he execution
of th9,law an.d the observance of the treaty
were' deemed by.me duelte the honor of
the country, as well as to, the sacred obli
gations of the ' Constitution. I shall not
fail to-pursue the same course, should a
sirailar dase'arise with any othor nation.—
Saying avowed the opinion, on hitting the!
oath of office, that, in disputes : between'
conflicting foreign governments, it is our
interest, not less than our duty, to remain
!in
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strictly, neutral, I, shall not nbandon it.—
You wilt conceive, froin the correspondence
submitted to ymt, in connexion with this
subjeCtv'that ;tho course, adopted in this
casci,,has been; proeerly,iegarded. by the
belligerent powers intrusted in the matter.
' Although a, ininisteeor the United Stetvs
to the German Empire was appointed,lsy
my predecessor, in August,ll34B,and has
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A WEEKLY PAPER: DEVOTED TO LITERATURE, AGRICULTURE, MORALITY, AND FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE.
Volume IL
for a long time, been in attendance, at
Frankfort-on-the-Maine ; and although a
minister, appointed to represent that em
pire, was received and accredited : here,
yet no such government as that of the
German empire hss been definitively con-,
stituted. Mr. Donolson, our representa
tive at Frankfort, remained there several
months, in the expectation of a union of
the German States, undor one constitution
or form . ef government, might, at length
be organized. It is believed, by those
well acquainted: with the existing relations
between Prussia and the States of Germa
ny, that no such union can be permanent
ly established, without her co-operation.
In the event of the formation of such a
union, and the organization of a central
power in Germany,,of which she should
form a part, it would become necessary to
withdraw our minister at Berlin but while
Prussia exists as an independent kingdom,
and diplomatic relations are maintained
with her, there can be no necessity for the
continuance of the mission to Frankfort.
I have, therefore, recalled Mr. Dorielson,
and directed the archives of the legation,
at Frankfort, to betransferred to the Ame
rican legation at Berlin.
Havinff b been apprised that a consider
able number of adventurers were engaged
in fitting out a military expedition, within
the United States, against a foreign coun
try, and believing from the best informa
tion I could obtain, that it was destined to
invade the island of Cuba, I deemed it due
to the friendly relations existing between
the two nations ; to the laws of the United
States, and, above all, to the American
honor, to exert the liftfulauthorily of this
government in suppressing the expedition
and preventing the invasion.
To this and, I issued a proclamation,
enjoining it upon the officers of the United
States, civil and military, to use all lawful
means within their. pow° r. A copy Of that
proclamation is herewith submitted. The
expedition has been suppressed. So long
as the act of Congress of the :20th of April
1818, which owes its existence to the law
of nations and to
,the policy of Washing
ton himself, shall remain on our statute
hook, I hold it to be the duty of the Exe
cutive faithfully to obey its injunctions.
While this expedition was in progress, I
was informed that a foreigner, who claim-,
cd our protection, had been clandestinely,
and, as was supposed, forcibly carried oil.
in a vessel from New Orleans to the island
of Cuba. I immediately caused such
steps to be taken as I thought necessary,
in case the information I had received
should prove correct, to vindicate the honor
of the country, and the right of every per-.
son seeking an assylum on our soil, to the
protection of our laws
The person alledged to have been ab
ducted was promptly restored, and the
circumstances of the case are now about
to undrgo investigation befoi6 a judicial
tribunal. I would respectfully suggest,
that although the crime charged to have
been committed in this case is held odious
as being in conflict with our opinions on
the subject of national soverignty and per
s()tial freedom, there is no prohibition of
it, or punishment for it, provided in any
act of Congress. The expediency of sup
plying this defect in our criminal code is
therefore recommended to your consider
ation.
I have scrupulously avoided imy inter
ference in the wars and contentions which
have recently distracted Europe.
During the late conflict between Aus
tria and Hungary, there seemed to be a
prospect that the latter might become an
independent nation. However
.fitint that
prospect at the time appeared, I thought
it my duty, in accordance with the gen
eral sentiment of the American people,
who deeply syinpathised with the Magyar
patriots, to stand prepared, upon the con
tingency of the establishment by her of a
permanent government, to be the first to
welcome independent Hungary into the
family of nations -For this purposef I in
vested arkngerit then in Europe, with pow.:
er to declare our willingness prOnaptly to
recognize her independency, in the event
of her ability to sus'ain it.
The powerful intervention of. Russia,
in the contest, extingdished the :hopes or
the' struggling •Magyars. The United
States did not at anyone time, interfere
in the contest : but the feelings of the na-
tion -were strongly enlisted • in: the . ,ca use,
and by the sufferings of a brave people,
Who had. made agallant though unsuccess-
ILA effort to be free
Our claims upon' Portugal have been,
- during tho . .past year; prosecuted with; re
newed vigor, and:.it has been my Object
to employ -every effort of honorable diplo
macy to procure their adjustment.. Our
late Charge d'Affaires at Lisbon, the Hon.
George W. ,Hopkins, made:able' and ;en
ergetic, but unsuccessful , effortai'to settle
•these unpleasant !natters , of controversy,
and to obtain indeMnity for the wrongs
which were the sUbjects of complaint.
I Our present. Charge' d'Affaires at-that
'court` will; alSo, bring to the prosecution
of these Claims ability and zeal.':..The rev
olutinary and distracted condition of .Par
tugall in past times, has been represen
ted a's thi'e of the' 'leadingcaus'es of her 'de
..
lay in inderniiilyitigtalemiflbring
But I must now say, it is a matter of pro-
NE
. ,
found regret that these claiins have' not
yet been settled. The omission of Portu
gal to do justice to the American claimants
has now assumed a character so grave
and serious, that I shall shortly make it
the subject of a special message to Con
gress, with a view to such ultimate action
ns its wisdom and patriotism may suggest.
With Russia, Austria, Prussia, Swee
dcn, Denmark, Belgium, the Netherlands,
and the Italian States, we still maintain
our accustomed amicable relations.
During the recent revolutions in the
Papal States, our Charge d'Affaires at
Rome has been unable to present his let
ter of credence, which, indeed, he was di
rected by my predecessor to withhold un
til he - should receive further orders. • such
was the unsettled condition of things, in
these States, that it was not deemed expe
dient to give him any instructions on the
subject of presenting his credential letter
different from those with which he had
been furnished by the late administration,
until the 25th oe.lunu last, when, in eon
sequence of the want of accurate inforina-
Gm of the exact state °fillings, at that. dis- '
twice front us, he was instructed to exer
cise his own discretion in presenting him
self to the then existing government, if, in
his judgement, sufficentl) stable; or, if nut,
to await further event - . Since that period
Rome has undergone another change, and
he abides the establishment of a govern
ment sullieently permanent to justify hit»
in opening diplomatic intercourse with it.
With the republic of Mexico, it is our
true policy to cultivate the most friendly .
relations. Since the ratification of the
treaty of' Gaudalupe Ilidnlgo, nothing has
occurred of a serious character to disturb
them. A flOthful observance of the trea
ty, and a sincere respect G r her rights,
cannot fail to secure the lasting confidence
and friendship of that republic. The mes
sage of my predecessor to .the House of
Representatives of the Bth of Fehnary last
communicating, in compliance with a res.
citation of that body, a copy of a paper
called a protocol, signed at Queretaro on
the 30th of May, 1848, by the commis
sioners of the United States and the minis
ter of foreign afihirs of the Mexican gov
ernment, having been a subject of corre
spondence between the Department of
State and the Envoy. Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary of that republic
accredited to this government, a trans
cript of that correspondence is herewith
submitted.
The Commissioner on the part of the
United States for marking the boundary
between the two republics, though delayed
in reaching San Dien by un'oresecn ob
stacles, arrived at that place within a short
period afterthe time required by the trea
ty, and was there joined by the Commis
sioner On the part of Mexico. They en
tore.] upon their duties ; and at the date
of the latest intelligence from that quarter,
some progress had been made in the sur
vey. The expenses incident to the or
ganization of the commission, and to its
conveyance to the point where its opera
tions were to begin, have sn touch redu
ced the fund appropriated by Congress,
that a further sum, to cover the charges
which must he incurred during the present
fiscal year, «ill be necessary. The great
b rigth of frontier along %%Inch the bound
ary extends, the nature of the adjacent
territory, and the difficulty of obtaining
supplies, except at or near The extremes oil
the line, render it also indispensable that
a liberal provision should be made to meet
the necessary charges during the fiscal
year ending on the .30th of June, 1851.
I accordingly recommend this subject to
your attention.
In the adjustment of the claims of A
merican citizens on Mexico, provided for
by the Into treaty, the employment of
counsel on the part of the Government,
may become important for the purpose of.
assisting the commissioners in protecting
the interests of the United States. T rcc
oriniwnd this subject to the Carly and favor
able consideration of Congress.
.complaints have been made in regard
to the inefficiency of the means provided
by the government of New Grenada for
transporting, the United States mail across
the Istlirmus of Panama, pursuant to our
Postal 'convention with that republic, of
the 6th of March, 1844. Qur ,Charge
at Bogota has been directed to
)nalca such representations to the govern
' ment'of.New Grenada tia" will; it is hoped,
lead to 'a prompt removal of this cause of
complaint. ••: '; •
The ; sanguinary civil . war with ',which
thp,49publin of Venezula ~has fel. some
time, past been ravaged, has been brought
to a Close. In its' progress; the rights of .
some' of oui"citizetiS 'resident or' 'trading
there, 'have been violated. The. restora
tion .of order , will afford the: Yene?,,nlean
government an opportunity,te exarninean,d
redress the.so . grievanceg, and others of
longer' . 'standing, which our repreSentativOs
at`Cataccits , •have, hitherty,• ineffectually
ufged•upon the attention of :that govern
ntent.
The extension of the coast or the Uni
ted States on tile "Pncifie,*and the littexarn-
Odd ; .rapidity with whielvtlie iriliabitants
of ,Oalifornia; eSpeciaily, are, inefeasing in,
nunaberit,:iwie,impartectriew.coriscquen6e
to our relations with the other countries
Citaarfieldi, Pa., January 4 1 1.850.
whose territories border upon that ocean.
; Should there appear to be reason, on ex-
It is probable That the intercourse between , aminin g the whole evidence, toentertain
those countries and our possessions in that ;serious doubt of the practicability of con
quarter, particularly with the Republic of• structing such a canal, that doubt could
Chili, will become extensive and mutually be speedily solved by an actual explora
advantageous in proportion as California tion of the route.
and Oregon shall increase in population Should such a work be constructed, un
and wealth. It is desirable, therefore,that der the common protection of all nations,
this Government should do everything in for equal benefits to all, it would be neith
its power to foster and strengthen its rela- er just nor expedient that any great mar
tions with those States, and that the spirit itime State should command the comma
of amity between us should be mutual and nication. The territory through which
cordial. I the canal may be opened ought to be freed
I recommend the observance of the , from the claims of any foreign power.,
same course towards all otl•er American No such power should occupy a position
States. The United States as the great that would enable it hereafter to exercise
American power to which, as their natu- so controlling an influence over the com
ml ally and friend, they will always bo merce of the world ; or to obstruct a high
disposed, first, to look for mediation and way which ought to be dedicated to the
assistance, in the event of any collision common userof mankind.
between them and any European nation. The routes across the Isthmus, at Te-
As such, we may often kindly mediate in i huantepec and Panama, arc also worthy
their behalf, without entangling ourselves of our serious consideration. They did
in li)reign wars or unnecessary controver- not fail to engage the attention of my pre
sins. Whenever the faith of our treaties dccessor. The negotiator of the treaty of
with any of them shall require our inter- Guadalupe Hidalgo was instructed to of
ference, we must necessarily interpose. • ler a very large sum of money for the
A convention has been negotiated with right of transit across the Isthmus of Te-
Brazil, providing l; , 1- the satisfaction of A- huantepec. The Mexican government did
merican claims on that government, and not accede to the proposition for the pur
it will be submitted to the Senate. Since chase of the right of way, probably be
the last session of Congress, we have re. cause it had already contracted with pri
ceived an Envoy Extraordinary and Min- vate individuals for the construction of a
ister Plenipotentiary from that Empire, passage front the Guasacualco river to Te
and our relations with it aro founded upon huantepec. I shall not renew any propu
the most amicable understanding. : sition to purchase, for money, a right
Your attention is earnestly invited to an ' w hick ought to be
.equally secured to all
amendment ()Lour existing laws relating nations, on payment au reasonable toll
to the African slave trade, with a view to to the owners of the improvement, who
the effectual suppression of that barbarous " would, doubtless, be well contented with
traffic. It is not to bo denied, that this that compensation and the guaranties of
trade is still in part, curried on by means the maritime States of the world, in sep
of vessels built in the United States, and arate treaties negotiated with Mexico, bind
owned or navigated by sonic of our citi- ing her and them to protect tho:,e, who
zens. The correspondence between the , should construct I.he work, Such guara n-
Department of State and the Minister and would do more to secure the complc-
Consul of the United States atkio do Ja- ,
tion of the communication through the ter
niero, which has from tithe to time been ritory of Mexico, than any other reasona
laid before Congress, represents that it.is ide consideration that could be offered;
a customary device to evade the penalties' and as Mexico herself would be the great
'of our laws by sea-letters. Vessels sold est gainer by the opening of this commu
in Brazil, when provided with such papers I nication between the Gulf and the Pacific
by the Consul, instead of returning to the ; ocean, it is presumed that she would not
United States for a new register, proceed, ' hesitate to yield her aid, in the manner
at once, to the coast of Africa, for the par-' proposed, to accomplish an improvement
pose of obtaining cargoes of slaves. Much ; so ; important to her own best interests.
additional information, of the same char- ; We have reason to hope that the propo
ucter, has recently been transmitted tothe sod railroad across the Isthmus at Praia-
Department of Sink. It has not been ma will be successfully constructed, under
considered the policy of our laws to sub- the protection of the late treaty with New
ject an American citizen, who, in a tor-' Grenada, ratified and exchanged by my
eign country, purchases a vessel built in ; predecessor on the 10th day of'June, 1548,
the United States, to the inconvenience of', which guaranties the perfect neutrality of
sending her home for a new register, be-
I ' the Isthmus, and the rights of sovereignty
fore permitting her to proceed on a voy- and property of New Grenada over that
age. Any alteration of the lows', which territory, "with a view that the free tran
might have a tendency to impede the free:sit from ocean to ocean may not be inter
transfer of property in vessels between our ; rupted or embarrassed" during the exist
citizens, or the free navigation of those encc of the treaty. It is our policy to en
vessels betviTen dillil.cut parts of the world, courage every practicable route across the
when employed in lawful commerce, Isthmus; which 'connects North & South
should be well and cautiously considered; America, either by railroad and canal,
but I trust that your wisdom will devise a which the energy and enterprise of our
method by which our general policy, in citizens may induce them to complete; and
this respect, may be preserved, and at the 1 consider it obligatory upon we to adopt
same time the abuse of our flag, by means that policy, especially in consequence of
of sea-letters, in the mariner indicated', the absolute necessity of fhcilitating inter
may be prevented, course with our ptissessions on the Pa-
Having ascertained that there is no edit%
prospect of the rcuniuu of the five Suites The position of the Sandwich Islay. is,
of Central America, which formerly coin- with reference to the territory of the trni
posed the republic of that name, we have tad States on the Pacific ; the success of
separately negotiated with some of them our persevering and benevolent citizens,
treaties of amity and commerce, which who have repaired to that remote quarter
will be laid before the Senate, in christianizing the natives, and inducing
A contract having been concluded with them to adopt a system of government and
the State of Nicaragua, by a company laws suited to their capacity and wants;
composed of American citizens, lor•the and the use made by' our numerous whale
purpose of constructing a ship canal, thro' ships of the harbors of the islands as ',la
the territory of that State, to connect the ces of resort for obtaining refreshments
Atlantic and Pacific oceans, l have direct- and repairs, all combine to render their
ed the negotiation ofa treaty with Nicara- destiny peculiarly interesting to us. It is
grin, pledging both goverenments to pro- our duty to encourage the authorities of
tect those vvho shall engage in and perfect 'those islands in their efforts to improve
the work. All other nations are invited and elevate the moral and political condi
by the State of Nicaragua to enter into tion of the inhabitants; and we should
the same treaty stipulations with her; and make 'reasonable alloWances for the diffi
the benefit to be derived by each from culties inseparable from this task. We
such an arrangement, will be the protec- desire that the islands may maintain their
tion of this great inter-oceanic Tommuni- independenee, & that other nationsshould
cation against any power which . might' concur with us in this sentiment: We
seek to obstruct it, or to monopolize its ad- 'Could in no event be indifferent to their
vantages. All States, entering 'into such a-. 1 passing tinder the dominion of any other
treaty, will enjoy the right of passage thro'ipOWer. The principal commercial States
the canal on payment of the same tolls. 'hay° in this a common interest; and it is
The work,:if constructed under. these to be hoped that no one of them' will at
guaranties, will become a bond of peace, : tempt to interpose obstacles' to the entire
instead of a subject of contention and strife, independence of the islands.
between the.,nations of the earth. Should The receipts lilto the treasury for the
the great maratime,States of , Europe con-fiscal year ending on the 30th of June laifl,
sent
,to this arrangement, (and we. bnve !4ere in cash, $48,830,097 50, and in
no rpasort to suppos9 tliat a proposition so, Treasury notes funded, 810,838,0000ne
litir and honorable, will be opposed by a-1 king an aggregate of $59,863;097 59; &
.ny,) the energies Oftheir people' and ours the expenditures, foithe saing time were,
will cO 7 operate in Promoting the success i in cash; $46,798,697 82, and in Treasu
of. the enterprise., Ido not recommend Fiy — tithes funded, fis 0,830,000, malting an
,
any appropriation . ,frern the National trees- ; aggregate of $4;631,667,82.
ury,for, this purpose, nor d,91 believe that!' ; The accounts and estimates' - which will
such
, an appropriation is necessary., be submitted to Congreis in' the Report of!
vale enterprise,,if properly protected, sit 'the Secretary'ef tho Treasury, shoir that!
.complete the work, should it prove feasible.' there Will probably be a "deficit, occasion-
The parties who have Procured the char. L ed by the expenses' of the' Mexican' war
ter, froth Nicaragua, , for its
.construction,, 'and treittyr . on the first day of July next, of
desire no assistance from this GO‘iernment• $5,828',121' 06;110 on thefir.qtday of Ju.i
beyond its protection; and they 'profes's ly, 1851, of $0,547,092' rig; Inakitig'in
MatiihayAng, examined, the. proposed line the whold: a probable' le provi. 7
ofqomtnnti t icatioh t : they „will be ieady to; ; ileil.:fot`, Of p16,376;214: 30, extra=
commence the' underiaqng. whenever. that 'ordinarY eiPenSes' Of 'the War With .
protection shall ° Le extended to itelia.' , ', l 6 / O; and pat - cline of Clilitbinia -and
BM
UILA
~ -iit'...'~~~'
Eno
• r _ , „
Allunliber 28.
New Mexico, exceed in amount this
,deft
cit, together with, the - loans heretefere,
made for those objects. I. therefore rec - ; :
ommend that authority be givenl6 berro .,
whatever sum may he necessary to toVer.
that deficit. I recommend the ObserV. 7 , ,
ance of strict economy in the appropria
tion and expenditure ofpublic money. •
I recommend a revision of the existing
tariff; and its adjustMent, on a basis *ilia
may augMent the,revenue. Ido not doubt,
the right or duty of Congress to enccitit
age domestic industry, which istbe great.
source of national as well as individtiat
wealth and prosperity. I look to The
wisdom and patriotism of Congress roi• the
adoption of a system which may Made ,
home-labor, at last, on a sure and perma:
nent footing, and, by due encouragement
of manufactures, give a new and increas
cd stimulus to agriculture, and 'promote
the development of our vast resources,
I the extension of our commerce. Bohm:,
ing that to the attainment of these ends; as
well as the necessary augmentation of the
revenue, and the prevention of fratidi,
system of specific duties is best adapted,
I - strongly recommend to Congress the a-:
' doption of that system, fixing the duties at
I rates high enough to afford substantial and
sufficient encouragement to our oivn indusL
try, and at the same time -so adjusted as
to insure stability.
The question of the continuance of the
Subtreasury system is respectfully sub
' mitted to the wisdom of Congress. If
continued, important modifications- of it
appear to be indispensable.
For further details and views on the a
bove and other matters connected • with
commerce, the finances ; and
,revenue,
refer to the report of the Secretary of the
[ Treasury.
No direct aid has been given by .the
General Government to the improvement
'of agriculture, except by the expenditure
'Dismal! sums for the collection and, publb
cation of agricultural statistics, and:.for
some chemical analysis, which have been;
thus far, paid for out of the patent fund:
This aid is, in my opinfon, wholly intide
quate. To give to this leading branch of
American industry the encouragement
which it merits, I respectfully recommend
the establishment of an Agricultural Bit!
reati, to lie connected ‘‘ ith the Department
of the Interior. To elevate the social,con
dition of the agriculturalist, to increase his
prosperity, and to extend his • ineans- ; of
usefulness to the country, by multiplying
his sources of information, should bathe
study of every statesman, and a
.primary
object of eSiery legislator.
No civil government having been pre
, vided by Congress for California, the peo
ple of that Territory, impelled by the ne
cessities of their political condition, recent
,ly met in convention, fur the purpose of
li:irming a constitution and State govern
ment, which, the latest advices • give mo
reason to suppose, has been accomplish
ed ; and it is believed they will shortly ap
ply for the admission of Californittinto the
Union as a sovereign State. Should such
be the case, and should their constitution
he conformable to the requisitions of the
Constitution of the United States, I recom
mend their application to the fitvortible
consideration of Congress.
The people of New Mexico Will also,, it
is believed, at no very distant i period, pre
sent themselves for admission unto the U
nion. Preparatory to the ndinitSion of
California and New Mexico, - the people'of
each will have instituted for them - selvesa
republican form of government, "laying
its foundations in such principles, and or
ganizing its powers in such rosin, ns to
them shall seem most likely to effect their
safety and happiness."
By awaiting their action, all causes of
uneasiness may be avoided, and confidenCe
and kind feeling preserved. With - a' view
of maintaining the harmony and ArtihqUill
ty so dear to all, We should iitaain 'froth --
the introduction of those exciiiit tepicaof
a sectional. charaCter which .have 'hitherto
produced painful apprehensions
public mind ; and I repeat 'the Solemn
warning of the fir if and mostillilatriOniof .
my predecessors again St. furnishing
ground for characterizing parties by gdo►
graphical discrithinations : •
A Collector has teen apPoinied cif Sith
Frrincisco, under the, act - orponireSi:e2b ,
tending. the revenue laws over Calitbiiiii;
and Measures haVe been'
ize the custom-houses 'af. that and' - oth.
er ports mentioned in thaiaefi'at 'the'ea'r
hest- period 'practicable: The collectOr
proceeded over-land, and advices have net
vet been received of his arrival at Sah
.
Francisco: "Meanwhile, it is 'iindeisteotl
that the customs' haN;e continued to be co!-
lected there by officers acting under the
military authority, as they were under the
administration Ofmy predecessor: It will,
I think, be eiTedient to confirm thd coke
lions. thud made, and direct , the avails, (al ,
ter such allowances as .Congr9s mly.think
fit to authorize,) to be eipeo,c •• • .
Territory, or t• - • -
for the erpobt %
fbr the imp
harbors,.
A put
wt~s des
Aem
-
not left
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