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From the Democratic Review.
THE ISLANVOF'CUBA.
When we reflect upon the wonderful e
vents that, on this continent, in the last
tine hund,red years, have conspired to pro
mote the prosperity of the States, and to
aggrandize the Union, we but admire the
mysterious manner in which the imperial
governments of Europe have, undesigned
ly, been made the instruments of fostering
our national growth. The long course of
neglect with which - the imperial govern
ment treated the . English colonies, until
they came to be important enough to plun.
der, undoubtedly, laid the foundation of
our practical system of self-government;
giving birth to that hardy spirit of inde
pendence which, trained to resistance in a
long series of increasing oppressions, be
came finally strong enough to triumph.—
Only so many colonies, however, and so
inuch,territory as could combine in a strong
'
confederation, were emancipated. .As
these grew in magnitude, jealousy andsup
posed self-interests included the imperial
governments of Europe to cling tenacious
ly to their remaining dependencies, until
the United States were prepared to receive
them. England on the north, and France
and Spain on the South, each held and
continued to govern, with what success!
their systems would permit, their respect- d
ive colonies. As, however, the govern
ment
attic United States became consul-
dated, their population increased and their!
wants developed, circumstances compel- I
cd The European powers to cede just so
much new territory as contributed to our
,strength and importance, without adding
any weakening element to our system.—
Precisely at the moment when the posses
sion of the delta of the Mississippi became
of first importance to our internal quiet,
,was Bonaparte compelled to abandon his
darling idea of transatlantic colonies, and
sell Louisiana to the United States. No
sooner had that fair territory become in
corporated, and the pressure of the south
upon Florida developed the necessity of its
incorporation, than the .feeble and erre
_gent government of Spain was induced to
. part wiih it, and'also to accept the dun.
'gerous cession of Texas, which, in the
course of our national growth, became the
means of a now, addition to the .national
*Main, bringing with it. California and
New Mexico, ns soon as the further pro
gress of the nation made . such additions to
its territory not only necessary but safe.
The (past occupation of Oregon by the
English for n quarter of a century, pre
pared it fur'the K.ception of the American
Settlers as soon as the advance of civiliza
tion brought it within the reach of the har
dy pioneers. Thus, on all sides, the hope
expressed by Jefferson in relation io the
Mexican states—viz., that Spain would I
be strong enough to hold them until the j
United States should be ready to embrace
them, has been fulfilled. A new & more
important movement is now at hind; and '
the last and most Valuable of European
colonies is about to be annexed to the
"Model Republic." Cuba, lbr a century,
has been a prize on which the eyes of Eu
rope have been fastened, and which, per
haps, more than any other trans-atlantic
possession, has in years gone by stimula
ted the cupidity of statesman. The fact
that the most despicable of all the Europe
nn governments has contrived not only to
held it through all the convulsions of the
present century, but, as it were, to pre
serve and gradually prepare it, by a sys
tein of gross oppression, (in which it is
questionable whether folly or iniquity most
predominates,) for delivery to the United
States, at the precise moment when this
country is fully prepared to receive it, and
when rival nations of Europe have lost the
power, and perhaps the will to object, cer.
thinly developes an over-ruling power in
the destiny of nations, to which it becomes
us to bow intreverefice.
- From the moment when Charles V., ha
ting acquired almost boundless territory
in the New World, and firmly consolida
ted his power in the defeat of the Castit
inns, thereby extinguishing all opposition
to• the sovereign will, the national spirit of
Spain 'S'eeins to have been broken; and
While the inquisition exerted itself to crush
all energy and independence of mind, the
nation sunk into a state of stupid indiffer
ence.' The invasion by Napoleon aroused
it partially, and induced, in 1812;-the ter-
mation of' a constitution, by her ancient
Cortez, 'rieWly convoked This constitu-
tion was -set • 'aside by the pitiable Ferdi
nand, on his release in 1814. • -He was;
however-compelled to restore it in 1820;
hut he again abolished it, by the aid of thej
French army, Which:entered Spain as: the
instrument of the•holy alliance, in 1823 i
rind abselittism continued until after the
death Of'Fordinand, in 1833. • The miser- ,
able veMiiiand.had 'married in 1829, Mall
rae Chriatina, sister to 'the present King Of
Naples, and sister in-law of Louis Philip- I
pe. : lit iten months after -this . marriage,l
*is datighter, Isabella Vaud :sixteen
nienths t late 4, another daughteri: Louisa:
The Sallec' law; which: was
r
ht . OOetaitieni gate` th e , , suceission thu:
Sf;3vlii'oPSOitt' Wbert.'(Tarlo4,t;Uricle
th Wink ; but by - the influencer
cifthe4alleeirAidinandtietAuide this
and conferred the sucoeiMat eirpnnitaibebi ,
la, with the queen as regent nonisa to
•
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• A WEEKLY PAPER:I DEVOTED TO LITERATURE, AGRICULTURE, MORALITY, AND FOREIGN AND. DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE.
.•• • .
Volume II
succeed in case Isabella died without is
sue. This led to a civil war, which final
ly resulted in the utter defeat of Don Car
los and his claims. The queen regent,
however, as an clement of success, was
compelled to issue a decree adopting the
constitution of 1812; and this constitution
remains in force. How far the settlement
or the succession hastened the death of
Ferdinand, will probably never be known.
At his death, however, the royal widow,
twenty-seven years old, became regent of
the kingdom for ten years, her daughter
being three' years old at the time. A
handsome 'private soldier, son of a cigar
pedlar; named Munoz, had, without any
particular merit, except personal appear.
ance, risen rapidly through all the grades
of rank, until he had received a commis
sion in the body-guard of the king, and
become domesticated as a chief officer of
the palace. Soon aller this appointment,
the queen regent was seized what a pas
sion for adopting intimts, whose similitude
to the guardsman was wonderful. The
scandal - of the palace at length compelled
the announcement, that a marriage had ,
existed between the royal mother and the
promoted sentinel since the death of F'crdi
nand. This marriage, even if it ever ex
isted, was required to be made valid by
royal decree, which was accordingly pro
mulgated October 11, '44. Manor., in this
respect, was more fortunate than his proto-1
type, Godoy, who, by the criminal favor
of the queen of Charles VI., was, in a sim- ,
ilar manner, raised from the ranks to be
dictator to the nation.
The young queen-having
attained her ma
jority; and the ex-regent. having become
Duchess of.Rianzares, by obtaining that
dukedom for the quondam sentinel, be
came anxious about the marriage of her
daughter. Louis Philippe, at the same time,
was "under exercise of mind," as to the
settlement of his brood of dukes. A strong
affinity thus existed between the royal in
triguers. For the citizen-king to Worry
one of his suns to the Queen of Spain,
would be too much for his brother-sove
reigns to swallow at one .gulp-; but there
lived sons of the queen's second uncle, Don
Francisco—Don Carlos being driven into
exile.. Of these, the oldest, Don Francis
co, had been educated at a college in Par-I
is, amid the spies of his uncle, Louis Phil-
ippe, to whom they reported his person*
habits and condition. Through these •
means, the respectable King ofthe French
ascertained 'that his marriage with the
Queen Isabella would
. ensure the condition
in the law of Ferdinand, on which the suc
cession would devolve on Louisa. The
result thus far has Leen the banishment of
the ex-regent from Spain, and the separa
tion of Queen Isabella from her victitni
zed husband. Taking advantage - of the
troubles in Mexico, - recently a conspiracy
was set on foot to restore a monarchical
government to that country, and placelfie.
Duke of Montpensicr and his Spanish
bride upon the throne. It was ascertain
ed however, we hope satisfactorily, that
kings and queens cannot take root in the
New World.
.
We have mentioned these incidents in
the lives ofthe persons who rule Spain, as
indicative of the morality and wisdom
which govern their conduct, and as some
what explanatory of the spirit which has ;
governed the colonies.
On the resignation of Charles VI., in
1808, the discontent of the American colo
nies, engendered by a long series of op.
pressions, burst into insurrections, which,
after a struggle of some fifteen years, be
came successful, partly „through the in-,
trigues of England. As we have stated,
the French entered Spain at the behest of,
the holy alliance in 1823, to overturn the
constitution of the Cortez, and restore the I
absolute power of Ferdinand. Although
that was a most barbarous outrage, Eng
land did not interfere, as she was secretly
not ill-pleased at the triumph of absolutism.
Mr. Canning, however, .in his bombastic
cunning, satisfied the English nation for
the course taken, by asserting, that even I
if Spain fell into the hands of France; it
would not be the "Spain with the Indies,"
because, said he, "I called the new world
into existence to redress the balance of the
old." This egotistical flourish .was suc
cessful.. It, covered the movement of the
allies against constitutional liberty in Spain,
and at the same time prepared the way for
that intrigue, in respect of Cuba, which the
vigilance (Abe United States frustrated.
The policy tinnounced by the U. States; as
well against the premature movement of
the congress of Panama, as the intrigues
of Englund, wits conclusive for the time.
The loss of the Mexican colonies was,
howdverva severe blow to Spain,'and for
once, in the lapse of centuries, a gleam of
wisdom shone upon ~her councils, and the
first efiect was ; favorable to Ctiba. The
Goverrinier6bY adopting a fiber
al' sYstetri--'-opening the'•ports"af the is
arid' authorizing a reprekmtation of
the island in the Cortez, At ~once secured
ita dependence,, and gave a new impulse ; to - ,
ita pmperity,. , After ling,ering nut a. peri.
od of nearly three centutia, to a''SOreof
stkikiiiiilot4it Started tbrWard in' the
rneo, hrifirwvertiont,i with) a antlidity like
whatgithihtnreissen , oun OVA effAllWrb r oi 4 1,
which, under all the subsequent oppres
liffl
sions, is far from being entirely suppress.;
ed. Under this salutary reform, Cuba, l
represented by those deputies in the Cor
tez, was governed by the same political '
laws as Spain, and if her taxes were op- j
pressive,:she was at least represented, had
far more Capable by her great fertility of
discharging them than were the arrogant
paupers of the Peninsula. On the break
ing out of the war between Don Carlos &
the highly respectable regent with her
quondam guardsman, the finances of
Spain fell into utter confusion, and to car-
ryon the war required funds. Don Car
los opened at loan in London for 880,000,-
000 five percent. stock, in four series, of
which the, first series for 8'20,000,000, ,
was mostly subscribed. The queen did
better: she had a chief in Cuba devoted to
her interests, and drawing the revenues of
the island, she had the sinews of war that
enabled her to triumph. Cuba was her
main-stay. She could not, however, keep
the cigar maker's son in splendor, tight
' Don Carlos, and ke(p Madrid, without
squeezing Cuba rather more than its rep
, resentatien thought right; they were there
fiire dismissed Irom the Cortez, in IbMi,
;and sent home by a majority of thirteen
votes. From that moment Cuba has been
entirely at the mercy of such persons as ;
Madame Munoz, judges most capable of!
extracting the largest revenue from the is-',
land, which presents the anomaly of a
; country intended for a paradise, oppress
', cd and borne down byn system of Algit
rine despotism unexampled in the civilized
world, yet surrounded on every side by
the freest and most liberal governments
the w orld has ever known. The creature
of the imperial government, appcfinted us
Captain General, commands about 14,-
000 troops, officers and men, from old
Spain; w ith this force he has hitherto suc
ceeded in weeding out all that had been
done fur the welfare of the island. Thus
the Junta de Ibmento (Royal Association
for Improvement,) formerly composed of
respectable merchants and wealthy plant
ers, has been pruned of every healthy
branch, and filled with the most abject
tools of unscrupulous power, Ni bile its pow
er of discussing questions for the welfare
of the island has been almost altogether
suppressed; the military exercising unbri
dled and lica warns power, to the jeopardy
lof the domicils, property and even lives
of the Cubans.
The island olCuba is possessed of a dull
of unsurpassed fertility, and of a most sa
lubrious eliniat4and yet, although one of
the first discovered portions of the new
world, it is to this day the least known in
ternally, and •is comparatively unsettled.
The arca of England and Wales,. which
contain now 20,000,000 of people, is 57,-
760 square' miles. The island of Cuba,
including the isle of Pines, has an area of
64,975 square miles, and, alter three cen
turies of possession, • contains less than
half a million white , inhabitants. The U
nited States, since 1794, has increased 17,-
000,000 people, while Cuba has , increased
but 900,000, and of this increase one-half
has accrued . since the Modification. of the
government 'on; the independence of the
Mexican celoniei. The poptilation of the
island is divided into three general heads,
viz: Slaves, free blacks and whites.
The . skive population does not naturally
'increase, but is sustained: by'a. , canstant
arrival of large importations • from Africa,
and these successive' importations 'are, for
tlia'niost particompoSed of the various
tribes which.enslaved:tach other at home,
Yiz: the Cariballis, Lucomees, Pales, Gun
gas, MandingoeS, Condos, Minas, Alagoas,
Queesees and Breecriees. These bring
with. therii; from Africa, all the unimosi
tiesvgainst eaclOther which originates in
the - Savage wrOsTWaged eternally in that
benighted region, This: is far from Wag
a united Class; ,rizdinos, or those
somewhat civilized by long'residence, have
little. sympathy for the clumsy Bozalcs,
while the free coleiod have almost till ob
tained their freedom by purchase, end are
therefore the most intelligent and inanstri
ous, and their rights, as a class, are far
better protected than in the northern states I
of the Union, as compared with the whites,
with whom they would probably sympa
thize, in case of revolution, and by whom
they are not regarded socially with the
prejudice ipanifest iu the northern states.
the pepulation is mostly divided into three
great divisions, of whom the most power- 1
ful are the native - Spaniards, filling all
posts of honor and profit in the govern-
the army and the priesthood, and
embraciug many merchants. The sec
ond class is formed of the creoles, who aro
planters, farmers and lawyers, and are I
scrupulously excluded from the army, as
well as all civil offices. The third class is
formed of the free colored.
The creole population are the occupiers
of'the land, and owners of the slaves, pro
ducing the wealth of the island. 'The chief
culture is sugai,cofree and tobacco. The
export of the former article has increased
from 40,000 lbs. in 1800, to '156,000,000
lbs. in 182,7,i, 190,613,825 lbs. in 1833;
22.6,501,35 p lbs. in 1837, and 653,419, 7
200 lbs. inr1.8.41. When the government' l
in ..1830,. changed' its. policy / in relation
to ,die, isiand,,, reic4ed, il i ejet,',4o
deWr4ineOpori NvFiOging from it as much
money as possible, it became neceiiiary to
'
THE
Clearfield, Pa., October 5, 1819.
enhance the number of the troops, to re,,i
strict the privileges °Nile tax-payers, and i l
to' stimulate the vigilance of the govern- 1
ment in every way calculated to suppress' i
the discontent which the increased burdens '
would not fail to produce, It is needless ;
to enter into the detail of taxes. It may i
be stated in a few words, that to such a I
condition have
. afrairs now reached, 'that'
the Cuban is taxed beyond the exactions .
imposed upon the citizens of any other
known community; he is at the merey,of '
the military,'; he can neither write, Orid, i
nor speak upon political subjects, he can.
not go a mile lrom his home without pur*-1
chasing a passport, and is liable, at 'illy 1
hour of the day or night, on any prete nee;
to be removed from his Ilimiiv ; and incar
cerated in a dungeon, where his innocence
or (Jame can only be made numilest by ,
the exhibition of large bribes; every ac-1
tion of his life, the buying ula servaut, the'
selling of house or land,: the killing of art '
ox, has its specific tax exacted with re- I
morseless rigor. The aggregate of these,
impositions make up the sum of nearly
$20,000,000 extorted from thc„phinters i
per annum. From this sum is deducted
the expenses of the ('aptain-general, his
Spanish troops and officers employed in
the extortion, with all the machinery of:
spies and police, and the remainder is ship
ped
tu fill the coffers of the dissolute goy- i
ernment at home. That Captain-General'
stands best w nth his government who sends:
the largest sum to Madrid, no matter what ;
may be the effect upon the Cubans.
It is to be supposed that this horrible
oppression of a people, who, being in con
stant communication with the United
States, are fully alive to the thraldom in
which they languish, should for years have
prompted them earnestly to look for an op
portunity of redress. The blacks have
more than once risen against their mas
ters, but it was usual for the negroes, a
mong whom no extended conspiracy can
ever exist, to set fire to the cane, and es
cape to the mountains, where they were
soon captured by other blacks, and brought
back in triumph. In 1842, however, one
of those infamous agents of which the
English government makes use in its ne
farious flesignslepon other nations, by the
name o Turn hull, was appointed British
Consul t flay na. This person formed
the desig i of niting the blacks in an in
-serreeti , sl; ughtering, the whites, and
erecting a gevernment on the 5',4,1 )omin
go plan; of which, as was proved` legally
aflerwards, himself was to be the Provin
cial head. The cruelties that attended the l
suppression of this revolt were unpa rallel-1
ed, and in 184.1, a movement of the whites
was suppressed by the vigilance of the go.
vernment ; and the addition ornew rigors ;
has but stimulated the desire, and urged ;
the necessity of an emancipation.
One of the chief sources of profit to the 1
Captain-General, as well as the queen, has
been the slave trade. The imperial goy- i
ernment have long afflicted to consider the
importation of the blacks as necessary to ,
the welfare of the plantations. On the 2d
ofJune, 1843, Gen. Valdez received from
the department of state a royal order, is- ,
sued on the 20th of March, in consequence ,
of a request of the British Ambassador at
Madrid, directing the general to appoint a
commission from the merchants and plan- ,
tees of the island, who should be instrue- '
tea to prepare the plan of a law for the
punishment of such persons us might be
found • guilty of violating the slave trade
treaties. The preamble to this order is
worthy of remark, and is as follows :
“Whereas, the treaty of 1 4 : 15 is supple
mentary to that of 1817 ; and whereas.
both.have for their object to prevent the
trade in hlaves; whose labor is so neeessa.
to the cOltivation - , wealth and prosperity of
the island, therefore," &c. The body of,
the order breathes a spirit of similar pro-
lection to . the trade—confounding the for
mer
condttion of the island—when it was
supposed that the blacks were laboring :
machines', and the whites incapable ()real-
tiyating a tropical soil—with the present
state of things, in which these supposed
machines are giving pretty significant"
proofs that they lilt men, and men not
without some notions of liberty; and in
which the planters and the whole popularl
tion would gladly sacrifice the profit to be',
obtained by any further importation of
blacks, to the care for their own satiity,
even were it not as it is already certain,
that the climate of Cuba is as favorable to
the natives of the Canaries and Spain, as
that of Valencia and Andalusia.
The ex-queen regent herself, it is s uted,
is at the head of a slave-importing eompa
ny that sends into Cuba ten thousand
slaves, per annum, on which the profit is
$250 each teahe company, and $5O each
to the . CaptainLeeeneral. This trade has
long been regarded' by the Cubans with
dread, and an earnest and universal vyiSh
has frequently been expressed' forits abol
ition. While, however, it continues to be
a source of profit to the iniquitous goYerii;
meat, it : will lie forded upon the' island,
An attempt' *AS . made,- to colonize With
Asiatic`. inia ',Yucuttin settlers, lwthis, it
was uiippo'se4 - would interfeixi :'Oith 'the
Piiifititor slaites ••al-o:iiinting"otliei ; 'Acts . fill ,
the . encOtirezk'dme7ze 'of those imrnigrantOS
''''--.'"-ifi4iii .tii ti-i;.1;;
theteltiging::-;-'
"ARTICLE 11; Trio coleniet Who Elide-
lIMMENSIZI
Nitiniber
boys the order of his superior, either by
refusing to work, or by refusing to fulfil
any of his duties, may be corrected with
twelve lashes inflicted with a cow-skin ;
with eighteen more, if he Would persist ;
and if, notwithstatnding that he would not
do his duty, a chain shall be put on him,
and he shall be made to sleep in stocks."
Certainly a pleasant and hospitable
-mode of treating free laborers. .
The difficulties which atterid'the'impor
....
impor
tation of slaves from Afrien,Jately induc
ed the Captain-General to ask of the ,Pre
torial
Audiencei:- whether the importation
of - negro Slaves from.X3razil would ben vi
olation, of the treaties of 1817 and 1835,
and they replied that it would be no viola
tion. Tie introduction of negroes holds;
out a political as well as a pecuniary ad
vantage, inasmuch as that by multiplica
tion, the hopelessness of freeing themselves
from the imperial government, with such
a danger at their doors, may make the,
creoles more submissive, while the ample I
supply of negroes may enhance their l
means of paying taxes.
"When we reflect that 500,000 Is bites!
pay $20,000,000 per annum, say $2OO
per family, which is carried out of the isl
and, me may well wonder at the fertilitv
of the soil which permits such an outlay.
It is,.however, only when sugar and coffee
;command fair prices that the estates can
' afford it ; at other seasons they fall in ar-;
rear, and their bonds multiply in the mer- ;
chants' hands.- These, although many ,
of them Spaniards, have thus become large- ,
Iv interested in the estates, and see clearly ,
!only ultimate ruin in the continued mai
!administration of the island.
The Cuban, thus mericilessly fleeced,.
land kept in jeopardy of his lifh, is by
_no,
means free, either from the infamous
onage of the government, or from the deg- ;
, iers it puts in motion, even when he visits
this boasted land of freedom. Our hotels,
watering-places, and theatres, swarm with
the emissaries of the despots ; and the
luckless Cuban who ullotss to es c ape him
a word in favor of the institutions he sees
I around, or sighs for the liberties of the
people with whom he sojourns, prepares a
dungeon for himself on his return, and
beggary for his family from the conflsca
tion of his estates. The infamous persons
who have sought our shores for refuge
front the just punishment of crimes, lend
I themselves to the iniquities of the govern.;
I ment in hope or earning pardon for their
I offences. The offices are filled with the
I pimps and slaves of the infamous Christi.!
!na and her paramour, while the cities of.
!the United States are but too often the
I scowl of their atrocities. A late outrage
upon the honor of our flag, which has been
forced upon the attention of the govern
; ment, affords an instance of the abuse of I
our hospitality.
The Cubans, in their natural aspirations
Ifor liberty, have been checked by the fact,
that being deprived of arms by the goy
eminent, they are placed on one hand in
danger or the insurrection of slaves fOreed
upon them, and on the other at the mercy
of a foreign mercenary and licentious sol
diery quartered among them. Under these ;
circumstances the) pureeiNe that the only
chance for freedom is foreign aid, in some: ,
force, around which they can rally, give!
expression to their opinions, and assert
' their rights in the government. They nOw
pay $20,000,000 per annual to their op- I
pressors. In little more than two years
that sum per annum sufficed the United
States to defray the expenses or the con
quest of . Mexico. The hardy character
and indoniitable enterprise inn ni fisted by
the A nuqicans in that war, pointed out at
once the fiqtsibility of employing a suffi
; c leat force to disenthral Cuba, and to al
' kw, henceforth, the wealth ot . the island to
accumulate within itself, to the enrichment
of till classes. Accordinly,' an extensive
I organization was formed in Cuba and out
of it. In New York was established un
c able periodical, called "La Verdad," to
ladvocate the cause of Cuban freedom.—
' Many of the articles inserted in this paper
, were written in Havana, and some by Cu
1i
bans who had become citizens of the Uni
, ted States. Several persons accused of
writing those articles were arrested in Cu
ba ; among others, Machin, Tolon, and
Villavarde. Won was condemned to
death for having, as an American citizen,
written to the'United States, and published
in New York, articles favorable to the
freedom of his native country. Villavarde
is a scholar, full of the generous enthusi
asm and patriotism natural to a cultivated
mind. lie is the organ of tt formidable
organization, extending throughout the
island, and 'embracing many influential
families, whose object is to achieve the in
dependence of Cuba.- He was condemned
'to six years transportation to Africa, to
'wear chains, although nothing could be
proved but that' he corresponded with To.
len. He was confined in theo e gloomy cas
tle of Havana, in' the same dungeon with
another'prisoner sentenced - 0S a fraudulent
bankitipt. These two prisoners bribed
the turnkey, Rey, to let,them out and es-
Cape . with them to 'New: Orleans.., t :
Vatde, • hOrrever, landed 4 ApelaCiiidbla.
asstissinateri;tut was reported
to havdenititnitte"4suleiria•, - • Jettei4
written a t , Short ' tiMb de4kit h '
ciknelttireittii tip Wing' thiiiiteii;
• • •
F ' t :1' g'.ll :
rf.,15 14oei. or iCBI, I Joserlionn ; fl
do. • • do. • , .3 • , do„,.
• ' _Eddy/nth:44ol;l rgri
1 . do 3 tneintht. , ....,r.:::• -
• 1. do • 6 monliis.,l,. •r, 441
' 12 'months 7 , 00
•'2 do 2 •OunitAi r -s:-1•`-'611
2 do - 6:months: , = • r•';••,8.150
2do 12,mpnths „•
3 3 hfonths, •- • -6 CO
3 do '6 modthiV •
3do 12; months • • • -I*oo
5 do Alf cObinin,r6
d O
• halm Column. 12 .monthi • -20 00
-10 do or one column, 6..-months 2000
10 do ,
,or one column, 12, months 80,130
Of every description, irrtnica t o thr very hiot style,
nritr on thr rhortest 'letter, al the COtriVr BF POL.
LAIC Office
ened to make away is - ids - him if be did'fiot
cease. his traitorous designs of 'circulating
"La Verdad" among the,Spaniards.
the 'escape of Vallairerde, in connection
with the turnkey, created the utmost anx
iety in the breast of the Captain 7 . o6nCial
to get Rey again Into his power,,
hope that, by the aid of torttire,.
force from him the whole secret or
.the 7 4sl - -
ganizatiOn. For this purpose h 6. put ;his
agents on the alert. The SpaniSh. Consul
at New Orleans, a person of grot hantenr,
is a friend and ciao of Munoz, the para.-
Mouroi: the ex-queen regent, and is craw
ling into the confidence of the governni3nt
by the unscrupulous zeal ,with whictsite
does that which is required of hint. n
agent of this consul is Signor Fliffgen,sto
Llorente, a poet, politioian and int4uer,
who seeks to repair his decayed fortunes
by zealous intrigues in behalf of thepu
ban authoritics,and is the sarriL: who threat
ened poor Machin with the dagger. cone
netted with Llorente, is another agent,na
used Ayala, a Cuban, who nixteen years
ago, slew his own cousin on the highway,
and escaped the garette, by flying 10*
Orleans. lie has property in tuba, And
; the great reward he looks forward to for
his efforts in behalf of the consul, is his
pardon, and permission to return to Curia.
These two arch conspirators under',ta}ke to
hunt up Rey, and either by force oslse - tfiy
lion; induce bins to return to Ilmaspt 7 to
that Ito may expose the parties who a; ed
the escape of the prisoners. Tik9s'e 7 m.
triguanis decoy Rey from the protection
of tire friends of his brother refugee, uhi
nudely force him on board a vessel,.and
; transport him to Cuba. The absolute ig
norance of the poor turnkey of all that re
, lines to the popular movement, foiled the
Captain-General. The investigation held
at New Orleans has, however, revealed to
'the public the existence of a state of things
in that city, in connection with the Span
ish government, that calls for the immetli
,' ate interference of our Executive. A sys
tem of under-hand acting has been fully
brought borne to the Spanish consul and
Captain-General of Cuba, under whose or
tiers he acted, highly dangerous to. fir
peace of the community here, and extren.%
ly offinsive to our national honor. Whi.
these events were developing themseh
it transpired that a number of armed m::,
in s anions parts of the Union, were prep,
ring for some expedition of which the
ject was unknown. The Executive goy
; ernment availed itself of the vague rumors
to issue the following proclamation ns a
sort of pro-peace display :
BY TIIE PRESIDENT OF TIIE UNITED STATES
There is reason to believe t - tat nn arm
ed expedition is about to be fitted out in in
the United States with an intention to in
vade the island of Cuba or some of the
provinces of Mexico. The best informa
tion the Executive has be obtain
points to the island of Cub 'ect of
this expedition. It is the ; gov
ernment to observe the entice
and to prevent any a ggrr.
izeus übon the territories of friendly na
tions. 1 have, therelbre, thought it neces
sary and proper to issue this Proclam4-
tion, to warn ;11l citizens of the linked
States who shall connect themselves with
an entcrpi Ise so grossly in iolation ou r
laws and our treaty obligations, that they
will thereby subject themselves to the
heavy penalties denounced against them
by our acts of Congress, and will forfeit
their claim to the protection of their coun
try. No such persons must wiped the
interference of this government in any
form on their behalf, no matter to vvlito
txtreinities they may be reduced in con
sepuctice of their conduct. An enterprise
to invade the territories:of a friendly na
tion, set on foot and prosecuted within the
limits of the United States, is in the highest
degree criminal, us tending to endanger
the peace and compromit the honor of this
nation; and, therefore, I exhort all good
citizens, as they regard our national repu- -
tation, as they respect their own laws and
the laws of nations, as they value :the
blessings of peace and the welfare of their
country, to discountenance and prevent
by all lawful means any such enterprise;
and I. call uponevery officer of this govern
ment, civil or military, to, use all efforisin
his power to arrest for trial and punish•
ment every such offender against the:ltat's
providing for the performance of our la ,
cred obligations to friendly powers.
Given under my hand, the eleventh day
of August, in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and forty din
and the seventy-fourthf,Ofthe independence
of the United States.. •
, TAYLOR.
By the President: , •is f):!,
.1. M. .CLAYTO:',^ Secretary
That our 'treaty' bbligaliOns
armed expediticin fitted'Outiwithidbur
borders against d4tions with. whiCti-Weict i e
at 'peace, is undoubtedly the en,setblit'thi3
assumption that armed citizens ',ice
. goiti
to March against •scrne' partieular . ttitid
with which we are at - peace, is a o.s,t a i
writ stretch of power:, m ,
pridoubtfid'ag
to entirinta tiwiotrico of arty
==M
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- OF ADVERTISING
nooka, Jabs arid :Blanks
A PROCLAMATION
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