BY S. J. KOV.
CLEARFIELD, PA., WEDNESDAY, MAY 27, 1863.
VOL. '9.-TST0. 39.
TERMS OF THE JOURNAL.
jjurTSMAN's Jocrhal is published on Wed
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"jEi!TS iuserted at $1.00 per square, for three
jrieM insertions Twelve lines (or less) counting a
B,re. For every additional insertion 25 cents.
A deduction will be made to yearly advertisers.
COUNTY DIRECTORY.
TIMK OF HOLDING COURT.
l& Monday in January. I 3d Monday in Jnne,
y - in March, ' 1 4th " in Sept'm'r,
'Of each year, and eontinne two week if necessary.
COrXTY AND DISTRCT OFFICERS,
prei't Judge Hon. Samuel Lin 6, Bellefonte.
Ai't. Judges Hon. J. D. Thompson, Curwcnsville
lion. James Bloom, Forrest
fchtriff. . . . Edward Perks, . . Clearfield
prothonotary, D. F. ttiweiler, . - . '
Jteg. 4 Ree. . Isaiah tl. Barger . . "
I'istrict Atfy, Israel Test, .... '
Treasurer. . . Joseph Sbaw, - - "
Cj. Purveyor, H. B. Wright, . . Glen Dope.
CoDiai'a rs, S. C. Thompson, . MorriiJa'e.
Jacob Kuntz, . . . Lutherfburg.
Thos. Dougherty, '. Gr. Hills,
Auditors. . . B. C Bowman, . . Clearfield.
Cfcas Worrell, . . N.SVayhgtwn
V H Woodward, . . Pcnnfiell
Coroner. . .1. W. Potter . - Leoontes Mill
To 'uperini't Jeese Bro-inmll, ' .'. CurweuaiU
LIST OF POaT-OFFICES.
TovHskips. Name of P. J. Garnet of P.M.
beeearia,- - Glen Hop. - - Wm S. Wright.
U - - - I'tahviile. - - - Theodore Weld.
.- - - Hegartj"sX Roads .Samuel Hegarty.
Bell, - - - - Bower, - - - W M'Cracfcen.
" .... Chest, --. - . Tbos.A. Thee,
- - - Cosh, - - - -J. W Campbell.
.... Ostend. - .... Ji. L. Henderson.
Bloom, -- Forrest. - - -James Bloom.
Hoggs. ... - Ciearfield Bridge, - Jas. Forrest.
Bradford, - Williams' Grove, - Jas. E. Watson.
Erady, - - - Lnthersburg, - R. H. Moore. -"
... Troutville, - - Charles Sloppy.
- . . Jefferson Line, - John ileberlin.
Barnside, - New Washington - James GalUher.
" ... Burnside. W. C. I.nrin.
- - - Patchinville. - . - Jack Patchin.
- East Ridge, - Jacob Boice.
Chest,- - - - Hard. ,' - - - . Toxer.Jr.
- - - Mctiarvey. - - - Wm. McGarvey.
- ... Westover, - - - S. A. Farber.
Clearfield, - Clearfield. - - .M.A.Frank
Covington, - Frenchville, - P. A. Gaulin.
- - Karthaus. ... J F.W. Schnarr
Corwensville Curwensville, - - T. W. Fleming.
Decatur, - Philipsbnrg, Centre county, Pa.
- - - West Decatur, - - Sophie Kadbach
- - Osceola Mills, - -,T. F Boalich.
Ferguson. - Marron. - - - - Edm. Williams.
pox. .... Hellen Post Office, Elk county, Pa.
tJirard, - - - Leconte's Mills, - C. Mignot.
.... Bald Hills, - - William Carr.
Goshen, - - Khawsville, - - - A. B. Shaw.
Sraham, - .- Grahamton,- - : - Thos. H. Forces.
alich.-- Smith's Milla, - r A. G. Fox-4-
- .... Maaera, - - - r Chas. J. Puscy.
Euiton, - - Tyler, - - r - David Tyler.
" ... Pennfield. - - - II. Woo iwiird ;
Jordan, - - Acsonville, - - - Eliia Chase.
Karthaus. - Salt Lick. - - - Geo. Heckiidorn
Knox. - - New Millport, - - M. O. Stirk,
Vorrie. - Kylertown, - - - Jas. Thompson.
- -'- Morrisdale, - - - J. C Brenner. ;
Peon. - - Lumber City ,t - - H W. Spencer.
.... Grampian Hills, - A. C. Moore. .
Pike. .... Curwensville, - - T. W. Flening.
- -'- - Btooiningville. - - Renj. F Dle.
Tnion, - - - Rockton, - - - - D. L. Brubaker.
Woodward. Jeffries, .... James Lockett.
IThia Post Office w'H do for Chest towoship.
Will answer for Fergi son township.
STATE & lT. STATES DIRECTORY.
OFFICERS OF PENNSYLVANIA.
Governor, - - - A G Cnrtin, - - - Centre county
Hoc 'y of Com . EM Slifer. - - - - Union county
Ip Secretary, S. B. Thomas, -
Auditor ben. - Jjaac Menker, - - Union county
Surveyor Gen. Jas. P. Barr. - - - Pittsburg,
Attorney Gn. W. M. Meredith. Philadelphia
Adjutant Gen. - A L. Russell. -State
Treasurer, W. B. M'Grath. -Sop
Com. Sch"s T. H. Burrows. - - Lancaster co.
I'eputy Sup't, - 8. P. Bates, - - - Crawfori co
State Librarian, Rev. W. DeWitt, - Uarrisb lrg.
SrpREME Cocrt Chief Justice. W. H. Lowrie.
Arociatej, Geo. IV. Woodward, jas Thompson.
'm Strong. . I. M. Reed. Sessions, Philade pbia
lit Monday of January. Harrisburg 4th Monday
. of April. .Sunbury 1st Monday of October, and in
PitUborg on the 3d Monday of October. .
OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES.
President, - - - Abraham Lincoln, Of Illinois,
vice President Hannibal Hamlin, Of Maine,
See. of State. - Wm II Seward, - New Yolk.
of Treas y S. P. Chase, - - - Ohio.
See. ol War, - E. M.Stanton, - - Pennsylvania
ee. ot Navy, - Gideon Welles, - - Connecticut,
tee. of Interior Iaac P. Fsher, - - Indiana.
r - M. Gen - - Mottg. B!air, - - - Maryland.
Attorney aen.- Edward Bates, - -Missouri.
Strut CerKT Chief Justice. Roger I!. Ta-
of Maryland Associate Justices Samuel
felion of New York, Robert C. Grier of Petnsyl
ciaT John M. Wayne of Georgia. John Cation of
itneeicee. Nathan Clifford of Maine, Cabjb B.
tmirh of Indiana. Meets in Washington city on
e In Monday of December. ;
DEMOCRATIC FREEDOM
To assiil tLe Governrneril, traduce its au
thorities, insult its defenders, applaud its as
M'Unts. give aid and comfort to its bloody
foes, disfranchise those who fieht its battles,
courage enlistments, enconrage desertions,
incite sedition, stir up disseniions.distracl and
iide 'he people, depreciate the nation", cor
rsncT, encourage resistance to the colU:ticn
c' the revenue, misrepresent tacts, prcmul
lte U'sebood, advocate treason, aud obstruct
tie GoverDinent in every way possible that
ill id or encourage the rebellion and protract
jaewar this is claimed by the organs and
lMders of the present bogus concern calling
''ell the Democratic party, as tbe freedom
'iie;cb and liberty of the press! . And this,
n9. In time of civil war. when the natiCn is
,3sged in a life and death struggle flh a
l'gDtic rebellion.
cPperaeada-Origin of theTerai-What itMean
Son after the outbreak of the rebellion,
Springfl,.,! (q.) Republic published a com
Bionication in which the writer noticed the
ranaA- at tkt embUm of the South Carolina
and atated that the rattlesnake vaa a
r'e nwgnauicnous reptile than the copper
nake, as tbe former gives notice before
I Mikp, whi,e the,aUe'. besides being more
wild.Hous, "'rikes you without giviDg yon any
"Jjng; and applied tbe term copperheads to
l .v ' traitor tympalhizert with the rebel
the tree States. Otherjapers soon adopt
the term", and it baa become very general,
IttSime do not ae lhe point; and in
"na I see some use tbe term coppcrbot
J't bnt I cannot see th point of coppt-rbot-fnT"
Copperheads is a very apropriate name
'or eurret Slate rebels at heart."
MUSIC.
There is mnsia iu the streamlet,
In the crystal water's play,
In its ripling, joyous murmur,
As it dances on its way.
There is rousio in the zephyr.
In its low and plaintive sigh,
As it lingers for a moment,
Then swiftly passes by.
There is music in the forest,
Where the merry birds sing.
With notes so sweetly thrilling.
In the early time of Spring.
. There is music in the heavens.
When the distant thunders roll, ..
Tbe pealing notes have power
To rouse and awe the sool.
There is music in the cat'ract,
Where wild wavesmadiy play, "
And in tbe distant echo,
That answers far away.
There is music in the lisping
Ot a merry little child
In its sweet and artless aecents,
So sportive and so wild. -
, '
There is uiufic in all nature.
In the wondrous works of God, . . .
Who rules o'er earth and Heaven,
With a wise and chast'ning rod.
VALLANDIGHAM HABEAS CORPUS CASE.
Judge Leavitt's Opinion.
It was announced several days ago that the
Circnit Court of the United States had de
clined to grant a writ tit habeas corpus in the
case ol tbe Hon. C- L. Vallasdigham . Judge
Leavitt's opinion' in the case has been pub
lished iu lull, and we subjoin as large an ex
tract fmni it as our space will warrant. After
arguing at length, and with great ability, the
more strictly legal and constitutional points
involved in tbe case, be proceeds:.
' It is not to be disguised that our country is
in imminent peril, and that tbe crisis demands
ol every American citizen a hearty support of
all proper means for tbe restoration of the
Union, and tbe return of an honorable peace.
Those placed by tbe people at the head of tbe
Government, are earnestly and sincerely de
voted to its preservation and perpetuity. The
President may not be the man of our choice,
and the treasures of bis Administration may
not be such as all can lully approve. But
these are minor considerations, and can ab
solve no man from tbe paramount obligation
of lending his aid for the salvation' of his
country. All should feel that no evil tbey can
be called on to endure as the result ol war, is
comparable with the subversion ol our chosen
Government, and the horrors which must fol
low from such a catastrophe."
.1 have reterred thus briefly to tbe present
crisis of the country as having some bearing
on the question before tbe Court. It is clear
ly not a time when any one connected with
the Judicial Department of the Government
sbould allow himself, except from tbe most
stringent obligations of duty, to embarrass or
thwart the Executive in'his eSorls to deliver
the country from the dangers which press so
heavily upon it. Now, the question which I
am called upon to decide is, whether Genera
Burnside, as an agent of the Executive De
partment ol the Governmcut, bad transgressed
his authority in ordering the arrest of Mr.
ValUndighaiu. II the theory of his counsel
is sustainable, tbat there can be no legal ar
rest except by warrant based on an affidavit of
probable cause, the conclusion would be clear
that the arrest was illegal. But I do not think
I am bound to regard tbe inquiry as occupy
ing this narrow base. General Burnside, by
tbe order of tbe President, bas been designa
ted and appointed to take the military super
vision of tbe Department of the Ohio, com
posed of the States of Kentucky, Ohio, Indi
ana, Illinois and Michigan, The precise ex
tent of his authority in this responsible posi
tion are not known to the Court. ' '
It mar, however, be properly assumed, as a
fair presumption, tbat tbe President has cloth
ed him with all the powers necessary to tbe
efficient discharge of his duties, in the station
to which be has been called. He is the rep
resentative and agent of the President, with
in the limits ol bis department. In time of
war the President is not above the Constitu
tion, but derives his power expressly from the I
provision of that instrument declaring that
he shall be Commander-in C!-ief ot tbe Army
and Navy. Tbe Constitution does not speci
fy the powers he may rightfully exercise in
this character, nor are they defined by legis
lation. No one denies, however, that the
President, in this character, is invested with
Tery high powers.which it is well known have
been exercised, on various occasions during
tbe present rebellion. A memorable instance
of its exercise is seen in the Emancipation
Proclamation, issued by the President as Commander-in-Chief,
and which be justifies as a
military necessity. " '
It is, perhaps, not easy to define what acts
are properly within this designation, but tbey
must, 'undoubtedly, be limited to sucb as are
deemed essential to the protection and pres
ervation of the Government aud the Consti
tution, wbicb the President bas sworn to sup
port' and defend. And in deciding what be
may rightfully do nnder this power,, where
there is no express legislative declaration, tbe
President is goided solely by bis own judg-
ment and discretion, ana is oniy amenaoieior
-I-
an abuse of his authority by . impeachment,
prosecuted according to the requirements of
the Constitution. .The occasion which calls j
for tbe exercise of tbia power exists only from .
tbe necessity of tbe case ; and when tbe ne-
cessity exists, there is a clear justification of
the act. 1 .
If this view of tbe potfer of the President Is
correct, it undoubtedly implies the right to ar
rest persons, wbo, by their mischievous acts
ol disloyalty .impede or endanger the military
operations of the Government. And, if the
necessity exists, I see SB reason wby the pow
er does not attach to the officer or General in
command of a military department. Tbe on
ly reason why the appointment is made, is
that the President cannot discharge the du
ties in person. . He, therefore, constitutes an
agent to represent him, clothed with the cec
essary power for the efficient supervision of
the military interests of tbe Government
throughout the department. And it is not
necessary tbat martial law should be proclaim
ed or exist, to enable tbe General in command
to perform the duties assigned to him. Mar
tial law is well defined by an able jurist to he
"the will of a military commander, operating
without any restraint, save bis judgment, up
on the lives, upon the persons, upon the en
tire social and individual condition of all over
whom this law extends." It cannot be claimed
that this law was in operation in Gen. Burn
side's department, when Mr. Vallandigham
was arrested. Nor is it necessary that It should
have been in force to justify the arrest. The
power vested by virtue of the authority was
conferred by the appointment of the President.
Under tbat appointment, Gen. Burnside As
sumed the command of this department. Tbat
be was a man eminently fitted for the position,
there is no room for a doubt. He hud achiev
ed, during bis brief military career, a national
reputation as a wise, discreet, patriotic and
brave General. He not only enjoyed the con
fidence and respect of tbe President and Sec
retary of War, but of tbe whole country. He
bad nobly laid his party preferences and pre
dilections npon tbe altar of bis country, and
consecrated bis life to ber service. It was
known tbat the widely extended department,
with tbe military supervision of wbicb be was
charged, was one of great importance, and de
manded great vigilance and ability iu tbe ad
ministration of its military concerns. : Ken
tucky was a border State, In wbicb there. was
a large element of disaffection toward theNa
tional Government, and sympathy with those
in rebellion against it.
. Formidable invasions have been attempted,
and are now threatened. Four ol the States
have a river border, and are in perpetual dan
ger of Invasion. In Ohio, Indiana aud Illi
nois, a class of mischievous politicians had
succeeded in poisoning the minds of a portion
of tbe community with the rankest feelings
of disloyalty. Artful politicians, disguising
their latent treason under hollow pretensions
. ..
of. devotion to. tbe Union, were striving to
disseminate their pestilent heresies among
the masses of the people. Tbe evil was one
of alarming magnitude, and threatened seri
ously to impede tbe military operations of tbe
Government, and greatly to protract the sup
prcssion of tbe rebellion. Gen. Burnside was
not slow to perceive the dangerous consequen
ces of these disloyal efforts, and resolved, if
possible, to suppress them. In the exercise
of his discretion, he issued the order No.
38 which bas been brought to the notice of
the Court. I shall not comment on that crder,
or say anything more in vindication of its ex
pediency. I refer to it only because General
Burnside, in his manly and patriotic commu
nication to the Court, bas stated fully his mo
tives and reasons for issuing it, and also tbat
it was for its supposed violation tbat he order
ed the arrest of Mr. Vallandigham. He bas
done this under bis responsibility as the com
manding General of this department, and in
accordance with what be supposed to be tbe
power vested in him by tbe appoiutment of
the President. It was virtually the ct of tbe
Executive Department nnder tbe power vested
in the President by the Constitution ; and I
am unable to perceive on what principle this
judicial tribunal can be invoked to annul or
reverse it. Iu tbe judgment of the command
ing General, tbe emergency required it, and
whether he acted wisely or indiscreetly, is not
properly a subject lor judicial review.
it is worthy of remark here, that this arrest
was not made by Gen. Burnside under any
claim or pretension tbat he bad authority to
dispose of or punish tbe party arrested," ac
cording to his own will, without trial and
proof of the facts alleged as tbe ground for
tbe arrest, but with a view to an investigation
by a military court or commission. Sucb an
investigation has taken place, the result of
which fias not been made known to this Court.
Whether the Military Commission for tbe tri
al of tbe charges against Mr. Vallandigham
was legally constituted and had jurisdiction of
the case is not a question before this Court.
There is clearly no authority in this Court, on
tbe pending motion, to revise or reverse tbe
proceedings ol tbe Military Commission, if
they were before the Court. The sole ques
tion is whether ' the arrest was legal and, as
before remarked, Us legality depends on the
necessity which existed for making it; and of
that necessity, for the reason stated, this
Court cannot judicially determine.
Gen. Burnside is unquestionably amenable
to the executive Department for bis conduct.
If he has acted arbitrarily and upon Insuffi
cient reasons, it is within : tbe power, and
would be the duty of tbe President not only
to annul bis acts' but to visit him with decis
ive marks of his disapprobation. - To tbe
President, in his capacity ol Comruander-in-Cbiel
of tbe army, he must answer for his
official conduct.' But; nnder our Constitu
tion, which studiously seek to keep tbe ex
ecutive, legislative and judicial departments of
the Government froiji all interferences and
conflict with each otpr.it would be an unwar
rantable exercise of the judicial power to de
cide that a co-ordinate branch of the Govern
ment, acting under its high responsibilities,
had violated the Constitution, in its letter or
its spirit by authorising the arrest in question.
Especially in these troublous times,, when
the national life ia in peril, and when union
and harmony among the different branches of
tbe Government are so imperatively demand
ed, sucb interference would find no excuse or
vindication. If the doctrine is to obtain, that
every one charged with, and guilty of, sets of
mischievous disloyalty, not within the scope
of the criminal laws of the land, in custody
under military authority, is to be set Iree by
courts.or judges on habeas corpus, it requires
no argument to prove that the most alarming
conflicts must follow, and tbe power of the
government be most seriously impaired. I
dare nut in my judicial position, assume the
feaiful responsibility implied in the sanction
of such a doctrine.
And here, without subjecting myself to the
charge ol trenching upon the domain of polit
ical discussion, I may lie indulged in there
mark that there is too much of the pestilen
tial leaven of disloyalty in tbe community.
There is a class ol men in the loyal States,
wbo seem to have no just appreciation of the
deep criminality of those who are in arms,
avowedly lor the overthrow of the Govern
ment, and the establishment of a Southern
Confederacy. They have not, I fear, risen to
any right estimate ot their duties and obliga
tions as American citizens, to a Government
wbicb bas strewn its blessings with a profuse
band. I may venture the assertion, tbat tbe
page of history, will be searched in vain for
an example ot a rebellion so wholly destitute
or excuse or vindication, and so dark with
crime, as that which our bleeding country 1s
Low. called upon to confront and for the sup
pression of wbicb all ber energies are deman
ded. Its cause is to be found in the unhal
lowed ambition 4 of political aspirants and
agitators, who boldly, avow as their aim, not
the establishment ol a Government for tbe bet
ter security of human rights, but one in which
all political power is to be concentrated in an
odious and despotic oligarchy. It is indeed
consolatory to know tbat in most sections of.
the North, those who sympathise with the re
bellion, are not so numerous or formidable as
tbe apprehensions of some would seem to in
dicate. It may be assumed, I trust, (feat in
most ot the Northern States, reliable and un
swerving patriotism is the rule, and disloyal
ty, and treason tbe exception. - But there
should be no division of sentiment upon this
momentous question. Men sbould know,
and lay the truth to their heart, tbat there is
a course ol conduct not involving overt trea
son,, and not therefore subject to punishment
as such, which nevertheless implies moral
guilt aud a gross oSense against their country.
Those who live under tbe protection and
enjoy the blessings of our benignant Govern
ment, must learn that they cannot stab its
vitals with impunity. If tbey cherish hatred
and hostility to It, and desire its subversion,
let them withdraw from its jurisdiction, and
seek tbe fellowship and protection of those
with whom tbey are in sympathy. If tbey
remain with, us, while they are not of as, tbey
must be subject to such a course of dealing a&
tbe great law of sell-preservation prescribes
and will enforce. And let them not complain
if the stringent doctriia of military necessity
should find them to be tbe legitimate subjects
of its action.
1 have no fears that the recognition ol this
doctrine will lead to an srbitary invasion of
the personal security or personal liberty of tbe
citizen. It is rare indeed, tbat a charge of
disloyalty will be made npon insufficient
grounds. But, if there should be an occa
sional misktake, sucb an occurrence is not to
be put in competition with tbe preservation of
the life of tbe nation. And I confess, I am
but little moved by tbe eloquent appeals of
those who, while tbey indignantly: denounce
violations of personal liberty, look with: no
horror npon a despotism as unmitigated as
the world has ever witnessed.
. Bst I can not pursue this subject further,
lam aware there i are points made by the
learned counsel representing Mr. Vallandig
ham, to which I have not adverted. I have
bad neither time nor strength for a more elab
orate consideration of tbe questions involved
in this application. For the reasons wbicb I
have attempted to .set forth, I am led clearly
to the conclusion that I caq not judicially
pronounce the order'of Gen. Burnside for tbe
arreni of Mr. Vallandigham as a nullity, aud
must, therefore, hold tbat do sufficient ground
has been exhibited for granting the writ ap
plied for.' ' '' "' .......
A Western paper strikes the name of two
subscribers from its list, because tbey were
recently bung. Tbe puplisber says be was
compelled to be severe, because be did not
know tbeir present address.
HOJT. JOHIT J. CRITTEtfDBN'8 SPEECH.
non. Jhoh J. "CaiTTEMDojr, of Kentucky,
made an eloquent speech in Lexington, Ken
tucky, recently, in support ol the war lor tbe
Union, and tbe Administration. Tbe following
extract was the conclusion : Let us fight
through it as best we can. Tbe enemy chal
lenges us ; be is in our way ; be stands before
us. defying us with all the boldness of the
Philistines ol old, and especially defying you,
Kentuckians, and proclaiming bis determina
tion to make you his spoil. Will you hesitate
what course to pursue? I don't make war
upon the South because I hate the South.
It is not from, any personal feeling aganinst
the South, but It is because I coneiun their
conduct and hate the principles they are en
deavoring to carry out. I don't love the
South the less, but I love my country mere.
My hostility is the result of principle, which
is the same, morning, noon, and evening in
the morning of the year, and at the noon and
evening ot every year. The mere. politician
says he is angry with the South ; but there is
nothing reliable in anger ; it is passion, and
may change any hour or day, and be against
you when you thinkit will be for you. The
nation will get through its difficulties. We
have the power and the will to do it, and we
shall accomplish it. That great Providence
that has made us the standard bearer of free
dom, will-not premit our Government to go
down and leave the wourld in gloom. I
have faith ; "there is- a Divinity above thai
shapes all our ends," and He will shape the
destiny of our. nation. Its career bas only
just begun, and Providence does not premit
a half-finished work of such momentous pro
portions to fail and be abandoned ; aud I trust
in God tbat we, the people, do not intend
it. Our hearts must .be, filled wilb the noble
determination to maintain the integrity of
our Government, while we grow greater and
greater, mightier and . mightier, richer in
civilization, . grander in prosperity, . until
our glory shall cover the whole land.
But you must prepare to fight the rebellion
through to the Ust,uo matter whether England
or France, or any other Power, make com
mon cause with them, or not. We must fight
them all if need be ; and we can . whip them
all, in defence of right. I don't want to ex
tend tbe boundaries ot this war ; God kBows I
do not. have tried to make peace as long as
peace was consistent with national safety. Note,
I believe war alone can save us, and war U must
be. England is not our friend in this contest. I
care not bow softly she may condole with
ns on tbe calamities of war. Let me tell yon
this solemn, truth : both England and France
want your country divided ; both of them are
witnessess to you bow important It is to you
that it shall not be divided. They want it
divided, in order to weaken you, tbat, by
weakening, they may conquer you. They
want to Europeanize all America. France
is trying to do it now in a portion of the
continent. But ' they : are a little- afraid.
There are a million ol freemen in arms, and
a million more ready to spring to the defence
ol the nation against a foreign, toe. A
voice, .with a well known brogue And all
Ireland is ready too!" Great and continued
applause. Tbat is true. .Let flog land and
France make a hostile movement and tbe
hearts of our people will be roused. It
will no longer be a contest between brethren.
The sight of a ' foreign foe will kindle a
fire of patriotism tbat will rouse the nation
to a just sense of danger ; and we will beat off
the combined forces as easily as we now bold
the rebels in check. - '
And when our erring brethren shall come
back, when this war is over, we will endeavor,
as a matter ol policy ,and lor humanity's sake,
to treat it as a family feud. We will make recon
ciliation as far as possible. We will endeavor
to forgive and forget, on all sides, tbe wounds
and disasters that have fallen upon us. And
this nation will take a new start. ,-' We shall be
a wiser people. We shall know what It is to
rebel. We will know that it is no holiday frolic
no mere beating ol drums, and firing of
blank cartridges. Our southern brethren
seemed to think that there was co more barm
in rebellion than in going to church. It was
merely a turning to tbe right or to the left.
But they have found out tbeir mistake. "They
now know what it is to have civil war, and we
will have no more rebellions after this one is
disposed of. We shall go on in our grand
march, prospering and to prosper. I look
forward to peace, to a successful termination
of this war, wbicb will secure a reliable peace,
sad as is now tbe prospect. Whether Hooker
baa recrossed the Rappahannock or not ;
whether Richmond .istaken or not; wheth
er in defeat or victory my determination is
to stand by and maintain tbe Government,
and do all I can to promote a vigorous prose
cution of the war. This bappy close of tbe
speech was recleved with most unbounded
applause. ,
Profane language is - abominable., Lood
laughing is impolite. Inquisitivenees is of
fensive. Tattling is mean. Telling lies is
contemptible. Slandering is devilish. Igno
rance is disgraceful, and liizlneas is shameful.
A Western editor was lately shot in an affray.
Luckily the ball came against a bundle of un
paid accounts In bis pocket. Gunpowder
could not get through that , "j ' v ". T -
GETT. LEE AND HIS SLAVES
THE TENDER MERCIES OF THE WICKED.
The following extract from a private letter,
written by a young man connected with tbe
Aimy 'of the Potomac to his father io Mas
sachusetts, and published in tbe Boston Jour
nal, gives some facts 'concerning the rebel
Gen. Lee and his treatment of his slaves,
which forcibly illustrate the brutalizing effects
of slavery. The letter is dated Fort Albany,
Virginia, April 16 ''."'' "'"'" "
"Some time ago I called on one of Gen.
Lee's old slaves, to find out what I could of
tbat highly praised man. I am going to see
him again when an opportunity presents itsalf.
You know Gen. Lee is considered an unadul
terated "F. F. V." He was the superlative
of tbe upper tendom of aristocratic and pre
sumptuous Virginia. ' This slave, now a man,
and a christian man too, is very old and un
able to do much, consequently he was left on
the estate. ' Of course he is extremely Igno
rant, but nevertheless he is quite intelligent,
and can tell a straightforward story as clear
ly as anyone. v ; " - -.'
'General Lee was more dreaded by bis slave
than were any of his overseers. His estate
was Immense. At Arlington he owned
(through his wife) seven hundred acres in one
lot, eleven hundred acres In. another, and oth
er large tracts in the State, ne had iuftr hun
dred slaves right here; how many elsewhere
I don't know. Thus you see his posesslon
were very great, and being so near Washing
ton. Georgetown and Alexandria, very valua
ble. He bad carriages, plate, aud all the
equipage of a proud Virginian aristocrat.
He was "almost worshipped7 by the gsy, the
haughty, the renowned and girted. His posi
tion was envied, bis name houored.
This slave bad a score of sons and daugh
ters. One by one they were torn from him,
until now, in his helpless old age, but one
son and two daughter's remain. One daugh
ter and tbe son were too young to be carried
away ; tbe other daughter was too smart to be
entrapped. It was really affecting to bear
this old man tell his wrongs and anguish at
parting with bis loved ones. He "knew they
wonld have to be sold sometime," he said,
"bnt tbey were my children and I couldn't
help loving them."' Some were seized ia bis
presence, and sold before his face; others
were meanly stolen at night and hurried off
without a goodbye blessing.
One day the slaves had been worked unusu
ally bard. It bad rained furiously all day
(and I know what a Virginia rain is.) At
evening they returned to their huts, wet, wea
ry and hungry. This family bad nothing to
eat, they bad been at work all day, and could
not prepare anything, and two of tbe boys
went to tbe brook to catch a tew fish. It was
dark, but they were seen and reported. The
aristocratic General Lee ordered them to be
whipped at a certain hour the next day. All
the alavea were assembled to see the floggfng.
Four boys and a girl were to be flogged. "It
was done in tbat barn," and he pointed oat
the desecrated building. Tbe overseer lash
ed away St the boys till their backs were raw
and bleeding. Next came tbe girl; ber back
was stripped and ber hands tied so that ber
feet could just touch tbe floor. Tbe overseer
gazed at ber tortured form and hesitated. "1
can't do it," was tbe reply. Again be order
ed, and again the overseer replied, "Master, t
can't whip a woman." Lee snatched tbe
whip and with bis own hands flogged a help
less woman, which bis overseer bad tbe man
liness not to do. As I beard this black man
tell these stories, I felt What 1 cannot express.
My heart throbbed with indignation, and: my
body trembled with passion. Ob, bow. I wan
ted tbe power to avenge this man's font
wrongs. Because he was black be suffered
cruelties wbicb we would not allow a dog to suf
fer. I thought of our own loved family. What
if I were cruelly whipped for getting food
lor a half starved mother ? What if my sisters
were rudely snatched away and sold to brutal
men J What if my father were trampled nnder
foot as a chattel, and not a word of interces
sion permitted 1 Aud I thought, too.of a right
eous Gad beholding all these things, and won
dered how long He would allow all this wick
edness. - I prayed as never before for tbe
slave, and, trusting my faith to Him whose
ways are so mysterious, I consecrated myself
to His aud my country's sacred cause of liber
ty and ligbteousness. My dependence in
Him, and I cannot, I will not, believe He will
allow the oppressor to trinmpb. Some tell ns,
at borne even, slavery is a "divine instita.
tion," and blame ns for speaking aught against
it. ' I thank God I never thought so, and tbat
I bave seen enough never to think so. How
a being can say tbat flagrant injustice, brutal
ity any inhuman barbarity are "divine," 1
cannot see. He is a being, but not a man.
As for me, my "anti-slavery" is stronger than
ever, and immovably fixed. We are being
taught tbat we must "let my children go v"
and I were unworthy a mother's kiss, a father's
blessing, a sister's fcar, a brother's -affection,
did J not nse every exertion feeble or pow.
erf at to enforce tbe lesson. .
: After Lee had lacerated tbe girls body, be
bathed the yet bleeding wonnds in mine. Now
tbat band is raised against bis country. ; ...
' More law-suits than love-suits art brought
0 by attachments. -- t - - t;
Fear of dsnger is often a want of taitb.