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BY S. J. ROW.
CLEARFIELD, PA. WEDNESDAY,". NOVEMBER 12, 1862. Z ; :,,, "
VOL. O.-W. 11.
nTA I tu. AHXindsorgram willbe tax-en
ia payment of debts due ine: for which, the
highest luaret prices will be given. '"
Dm. 11. 181. JAMKSB GRAHAM.
D'
kK. PITCH'S MEDICI N E9- Afresh sup
" ply of these invaluable Family Medicines
:ar for sale by M. A. Frank. Clearfield, consisting
'of Pain Carer ; Restorative, a xrcat cure for colds
'-and cough ; and AntC-Bilton Physic.' They have
'been thoroughly tested in this community, and
'are highly approved. Trt them. :
ins purchased the entire stock of tbo late firm
oX Moore & Etweiler, and having made large ad
ditions thereto, is now prepared to wait upon cus
tomers. Thankful for the very liberal patronage
heretofore extended to the firm, he hopes by
strict personal attention to business to merit a
'continucnce of the same.
March 28, '62 -tf. D, F. ETZWEILEH.'
PROVISION AMI GROCERY STORE.
The undersigned keeps constautl on hand
! at his store room in Philipsburg, .Centreycouuty. a
'fnll stock of Flour, Hams. Shoulders, Sides, Cof
' fee, Tea, Sugar. Kice, Molasses 4c. Also, Li-
quors of all kinds. Tobacco. Segars, Snuff, 4o.; all
'of which he offers to purchasers ou the most ad
vantageous terms Give him a call, aud try his
'articles. Imar2l -. ROBERT LLOYD.
HOOEY'S LVDY'S BOOK FOR 1863.
' Great Litf.uary Avn Tict'obiai. Tear '.
The publisher of Godcy's Lady's Book, thank
ffui to that public which has enabled him, to pub
jlisb a iiingaziue for the last XI years of a larger
circulation than any n America, has made an ar-
.rangement with the inoj-t popular anthore.se in thi
country Marios Jiaiilano. Butuorotu of ' Alon.
-Hidden Path." uMow Side." '-Nemesis," and
'-Miriam.' who will furnish a story for every num
ber of the Lady's Book for 18o. . This alone will
place the Lady's Book in a literary point of view
far ahead of any otaer magazine. ; Marion liar
laud writes for no other publication. ; Our other
favorite writers will . all continue to furnish arti
cles throughout the year.' 1. . .. ,- ' . ; ., r
SixttSij:A awl tiixtiStvrulh volumes of Go
dey's Lady's Book for 1SG3, will contain nearly
I.Iimi pagei"of Reading matter. 21 pages of Music.
12 Iou"le Extension Colored Fashion Plates, equal
to 24 of other magazines, over I2IMI wood engrav
ings. 14 steel engravings of beautiful subjects. 780
articles by the best authors in America. And all
these will be given in 18t3, at prices- for which
.see our extremely low club rates. - S '
The oldest, the beet, and the cheapest magazine
in America is the Godey's Lady's Book. The im
mense increase in the circulation of Godey (hav
ing trebled itself in the last 4 years) is a convinc
ing proof of the superiority of the work, if the
work itself was not sufficient evidence. : And when
it is considered that not a bribe in the shape of a
premium has ever been offered, it shows that Go
dey 'n Lady's Book stands first iu the hearts of- A
meriean ladies, who subscribe for the sake of the
Jiwk and not the premium. .
The Literature of tbo Lady's Book i by the first
.writers in America, and has always been remark
's ble for its high literary and moral character.
.Clergymen recommend the Book, an J it ;can be
rcatt aloud in the family circle. - The matter is far
superior to that of any other magazine, having a
healthy and instructive tone. - :
Eight Specialities that no other magazine has.
and only found iu Gudey, to wit: '-.Original Mu
sic,'' -Model Cottages, with diagrams." -irawing
Lessons." "Original Health .Department." "Chil
dren's lfepartinent,'.' ' Chemistry for the Young,"
'-Horticultural Department," and ' Double Exten
sion Fashion-plates "., Godcy's great epeciUity,
unparalleled and nnapproached. - Competition
dead in this department. Our imitators hare a
landoned the attempt. . . - . ; i . f
Of .teel engravings, the press have unanimous
ly pronounced Godey "s the best ever.pubtisiOit by
any magazine of the world. Yon'' may look 'in
vain for 14 such steel engravings as were publish
ed during the yearlS62. and those for 1HG3 will
surpass them. Other magazines do not gar to the
expense of original designs for their steel engrav
ings. The Double Fashion-plate has from 6 to 7
full length fashions on each plate.- Other maga
zines give but two. , Godey is the only work in the
world that give, these immense plates, which cost
S-IO.OW) more than the old style. These fashions
may be relied on as correct. They are always
the latest styles, and hence ladies are not subject
to ridicule for wearing old fashions, when they
;v.sit the larire cities .
Godey s Wood engraving Novelties. Of these j
"c gite uouuie tne numlier ot any other maga
zine, no matter what its price may be.
Colored embroiderr natterns and lingerie. Ev
ery number contains patterns of some artiele for '
a lady to work-ottomans, backs of chairs.'slip- j
pers. etc . , , - j
Anion? the article t
have been appreciated, will be Gardening for the
Ladies. Mr. H. A. Brcer. the celebrated Horti
culturist of this city, will assist in this department
n... ii.. i i. . ..
t.f..-. 7 ... i
ot .Music is given every year; and if it were only I
.uusieai uepariment. I Orce dollars wortb
! h 1
for the music alone, the Lady's Book would be
cheap at the price we ass for it.
In the various numbers for 1S63. will be found
-diagrams for Children' s and Ladies' dresses ; chil
dren's samples for learning ; the newest designs
fjr window curtains, broderio anglaUe. slippers
bonnets, caps, cloaks, evening-dresses, fanjy arti
cles, headdresses, hair-dressing, robes-de-cham-bre.
carriage dresses, brides'- dresses, wreaths,
mantillas, walking-dresses, morning-dresses, ri
ding habits, collars, chemisettes, uudersleeves,
patchwork, embroidery patterns, and cnichet and
tiotting work. Our designs are received semi
monthly from our agents in Fiance, Englaud. and
Germany, and every new pattern of any portion
of a lady's dress appears first in the Lady's Hook,
drawing in all its variety, useful to the beginner
and the proficient. Fashion from the establish
ment of the celebrated - Brodie" will be in every
number. Also gives Model cottages. , , - . '..
Godey 's invaluable receipts upon every subject,
indispensable to every family, worth more than
'he whole cost of the Buok. and a ?rsat savin? of
h ,
expense to all those who take thp h...iW- i
Lady's Book is also used as a premium at nearly j
l"yA5rifnlthibition in the United States
another testimony of it worth. - ' '
end in vour orders soon. The best nl.-in' nf ;
fnbseribing is to send your money direct to the j
publisher We recognize no subscription that is '
not sent direct to ourselves. ' If you pay vour
money to any association..you must look to it for
your books .We will not supply a copy of the
Lady's Book unless the money is sent direct to ug.
V e have no agents for whose acts we are respon-
smle. - ; . . .. . .. -r -
Terms Cisn ix AdvasceI One copy one year,
-53 Two copies one year. 55 ' Three copies one
. i - i uui vujiica ud year, ci, rivpoopies
yr, and an extra copy to the person sending
the club, making nine copies, 15. Eleven cop-
les one vear. and an extra mihv tn iK. narr.
i send-
ing the club, making twelve copies, $20. . Any I
person navrng sent a club will have the privilege '
oi atloinz one ox mora Rimini tihA nmn ulnk !
person having sent a club will have the privilege
rjo "n...i. t f .... . .... ' '
.uuing pne ox more copies at the same cju
rates. ' The above Terms cannot be deviated fHim.
no matter how many are ordered ' ".. "
How to Remit. Procure a draft if no.ihi- if
not, send Treasury or Bamc notes; but lot it be a
mattet known only to yourself: the fewer vou let :
into the secret, the more certainty there is of
Tour money eomirg to hand. If you send gold,
ecure it carefully in the letter; otherwise it is apt
. SS
A- GODEY, 323 Chestnut StreetJlhir a, Pa.'
the last fly of summer.:
"'Tis the last fly of summer, "''
:' Left buzzing alone ; .- ' . !
All its black-legged companions
Are dried up and gone.
(Hot one of iia kindred, , !
Ho blue-bottle nigh, . . . .. ;
Tosport'mid the sugars, '
Or in the milk die. . ' ; :
I'll not doom thee, thou lone one; '
A victim to be, . r ...( ? i
Since the rest are all vanished, ,
" Come dine you with me. !
' Thus kindly I scatter .?- ;
Some crumbs of my bread, r;
MV'here thy mates on the table'
Lie withered and dead.
But soon you will perish.' ""!1
I'm sadly afraid, ; -;.!. 70 . . :
For the glass is at sixty . f
Ji" Just now in the shade ' ' 1
. I When wasps have all vanished, '
And blue-bottles flown, , L . .
No fly can inhabit , .
This bleak world alone.'
DELIVERY 0FL"ETTER3. w
The practice, which soroefthat extensively
prevail, especially in countr)' towns, of untho
rizing .tho delivery of mail maltir to : any
neighbor or acquaintance who may happen to
bo in the vicinity of the post office, is one
which is liable to, and often does lead to in
numerable, troubles. : In addition to risks ari-'
f sing from, motives of curiosity or something
! .,, .,, tl.., . a
worse; such exposure subjects correspondence
to the ordinary. contingencies of carelessness
and irresponsibility. ..j -n: ; r.' . ' '--i
It olten causes great embarrassment in in-,
vestigations in cases of loss or improper - tam
pering with letters, because they may hav
been exposed in a variety of ways, w hich, from
the nature of the case, can never he discover
ed, while the post office, the ordinary -pack-horse"
of all sorts of outside deviltry, 'mult
stand the brunt of vague suspicions, and sotne
timis open charges of dishonesty, and harsh
denunciations. - - ' - ; '
.. ; It :a unjust to postmasters and their clerks
thus to bold thetn responsible, where they are
made to share responsibility with a promiscu
ous circle of young and old, white - and black
private post office messengers, or to imply, as
is almost always the case, that the morals and
faithfulness. .of tb former are deficient, While
the litter are entirely free frotw acts of! care
lessness, or even beyond the reach of tempta
tion.,..; ., ,
We knew a caso recently; where a valuable
letter was delivered fo one of a dozen persons
authorized to take out the letters of the party
addressed. The letter contained some $00
in bank notes. It was not received by. the
owner, and a great excitement followed in all
the neighborhood. The postmaster . hud in
I'is ufGce the post bill which unquesti..nably
accompanied the letter, and , in fact he 'dis
finctly recoilected delivering such a letter to
someboly, about the time indicated. But this
would not do, especially for certain parties
who had been "miffud" at the original ap
pointnient of our, for the time being, unfortu
nate official. , Jsaid they to one another, as the
i news of the "robbery" reached them. We
have been expecting .something of this kind
for some time, atiJ we sliill h ive more trouble
before there is less, no doubt and sonte of
the more active of these gentlemen .fnight
have been seen, if the darkness bad not pro
tected them from ready observation, peering
through the boxes and windows of the post of
fice, night after night, expecting to ca.tch the
postmaster or his young clerk, iu the very act
oftampering with the letteis! Judge of their
confusion, and 'we had almost said disappoint
ment, "'when it was announced by the party
most interested that the missing letter and
tuu'cun ii au uiiaiiy redtucu unit in aaieij , at-
.. , , , -, ,
. . !. . 1 .! II.. I. I I. : - . r . e
ter a ueiay oi a numuer oi. weeks, it nau
boen.fakan out of the 'office by a sporling"
neighbor, who placed it safely in a pocket of
his hunting coat temporarily worn for the day,
and was only discovered on the next occasion,
when his sporting inclinations loj him to take
It down from the peg," where it had been .qui
etly hanging since' his last gameless excursion
into the adjacent hunting grounds.' p
''' Now, it was not only the postmaster at that
point who" had suffered unjustly,' but the mail
ing office was lor a time also under the ban of
suspicion, and even' the outside .'.party who
claimed to have deposited the 'supposed lost
letter in the post office," having no. witness to
the' act', came in ror a share of pretty close
scrutiny during the, official investigation of
the case, and all because of the loose and mis-
chievous practice 'above ' alluded to. ' Cases,
. j - . ' - -
illustrat iag much more jmnortant and worse
consequences, could bo ' given'aluio'st without
,- '-. ' ' - - i-'--1 - ,---'
limit. . , . .
There is a phase in this kir.d of post office
experience which appeals directly to the in-
turest, and. we may say" the selfishness, of cor-r-sp;nd"nis.
In case a money letter is lost,
and it is proved to have been received at the
iftir-n for which il was mailed, there can be no
that he nau peen autnorizea to uenver toners
to any one who mty call for them.
Even the
clearest 'proof of r habitual carelessness, and
improper exposure of 'letters ink post office,
. i
wimiM imt avail vhurn thn srstem of uuiver-
sal letter carrying is in rogue..
The true and only safe, way is, in city as
wel) a9 country, to curtail the rango of person-
j al responsibility as much as possible.-. United
'r., -r . : ' ' ' " ' - " " -:
;Slal" Mai ' ;, .r,,.j .i
Itead of flgbtlog, misfortune, we toof often
mko. it prisoner. ;n . .. ... -4,-; j,-,K -!4 1 ti
i-1
THE TAX LAW WHAT IT EEQTJIKES.1
The following convenient summary of the
Tax law is given in Thompson' 's Reporter t ;J
Bankers (not corporate banks) pay a license
of.,, : t !? . t -,,.S: , . t : $100
Bankers receive deposits, discount, and pay
checks and drafts. " : ' ' ' ' . ".
Brokers pay a license of : 4 . : :' $50
Brokers buy and sell specie, uncurrent mon
ey, stocks and exchange. '
Banks that do any brok erage business as
'.defined above must take out a broker's !( ;
- license of : f t , : : : - $50
Land warrant dealers must pay a license of 25
Bosd a.vd Mortgage. Stamps are required
for each instrument ; one .lor th bond and one
for the mortgage. ; ? ' : o -. . ,
; The income tax is to -be paid on the income
of the year commencing January I,. 18G2,so
that on the evening or the 31st of December
verybody should have a very clear record of
their income.' gains or profits for the year
And as many sources of income, sucli as divi
der.ds and railroad bonds and stocks, insti
ranee stock, savings banK interest, etc, (they
having already paid the income tax, are not
again taxed, it therefore becomes necessary to
have a clear record of the sonrces'of income
that there may be no dispute with the asses
sor. . . . i l
' :iThe income tax for the year 1862 is payable
on tne tsioi May, 1HU3. ;, , .... .-.
. A. man in business must make np the net
profits of his businses 'for the year, and pay
the tax on the amount, less ?60(J.
A man may, otitsido of his business, spend
all and even more than his profits in business;
nevertheless- he must pay tax on all net bust
ness profits except tbe $600. And so with a
salary j all over $600 must be , taxed, though
personal or lamily expenses consume it all. ;
Checks, drafts, and orders for money, wheth
er it sight or on time, if for sums of" $20 or
under, are nat required to 'be stamped
. A'otes of hand, due bills, &c, if for sums ot
$20 or under, are not required to be stamped.
Certificates of deposit, ' for any amount, re
quire stamps; two cents for $100 aud under ;
Hve cents for all over $100,,;u.1j ':
All checks aud sight drafts for sums over
$20, require' only 2 cents for any amount."!,!
. Time' drafts and notes require stamps in
proportion to the amount ; 3 cents and upward
. Foreign drafts, if single or solo, whether at
sight or oh time, are on . the same scale as in
Jand time draffs and notes 'of hand but if
drawn in sets, the first, second and third mnst
each be stamped according to the scale for
foreign bills in sets; 3 cents and upward
Tbo payer is required to stamp bills made
abroad at the time of accepting if on tiaie ;
and at the time of paying, if at sight! ' .
; The party attach iug or first using the stanjp,
is required to cancel it by putting his initials
and the date upon it. - The penalty for not do
ing so is fifty dollars; but in case tbe maker
of the" instrument omits to cancel the stamp,
tbe party receiving ;jt, or the payer, may:can
celit.i This, however," will riot, rejieve the
maker from the penaltr.''"'" n : ' '
. After naming a few "certificates," : such as
shares of stock, deposits, &c, the - law says,
"certificates of - any other description "than
those'specifledten cunts." , : ,' . , i
. . . A great many papers in common uso will be
Decessarjly changed in form, from a certificate
to an assertion of fact." In other uoids : ;
".'A thousand and one dodges to avoii the
stamp act will be adopted, but as a general
thing, good business men will pay the tax on
their money' transactions, rather than trust to
a dodge that may or may not stand in law. . ,
1 A story is tofd! of the veteran'Sumner at
the battle of Antietam. ITis son, young Cap
tain Sumner, a youth of twenty-one was on his
staff, i The old man ' calmly stood, amidst a
storni of 'shot'and shells,'1 and turned to'sund
him' through a'doubly ranging fire upon a mis
sion . of duty. He might never see bis boy
again but bis country claimed his life, and as
he looked upon his young brow, he "grasped
his band, eucirclod him in his arms, and fond
ly kissed him, 'Good-bye, Sam my, ""Good
bye, father,'" and the youth : mounting his
horse, rode gaily orf the message..' lie re
turned unharmed, and again his hand was
grasped with! a cordial "How d'ye do Sam
my ?" answered by a grasp of equal affection,
Tho scene was touching to those -around. " ,,.
- - . mm& , . - - - - t
Some idea as'to the quantity of 'provisions
required Jor the .subsistence of VG'euV Buell's
army may be formed ftom a knowledge of the
fact that no less than three hundred beef cat
tle are slaughtered for and consumed daily by
the troops under his command.' '
: ' J ' ,: - :
A poor widow went to Boston a few days
ago to' bid farewell to her two sons whb had
enlisted for the'war, and while shaking hands
with them at the depot some wretch picked
ber pocket of $57 which they had given her
for support out of their money! -o'.- 't . '
il -, . i 1 r r -- i
. "So you are going to teach school ?" said a
youngs lady to hermaiden aunt. ':-' Welt' tor
my part sooner than 'do that i would tiarry a
widower with nine children.': , )flLJ wouia pre:
fer, that myself! was the quiet reply, "but
where- ia the widower ;. ;t -.-t r.-a.
! ; ... . ...
,, A . frolicsome, husband, in ti5yracuse a ,tew
nights since, hid ander bis bed, and when bis
wife. nneonscions of his concealment, came
fn, took her suddenly by the leg. She shriek!
edj fell '8ensele3s7aB4 ia now a raving maniac.
. , PROTECTION TO Y0TJNO TEEES. .
So many' are the losses every year from the
effects of Winter, ' that this subject is wor
thy of special mention as the trying season
approaches. ' A few words of precaution are
needed now. ' " ' "" " " ' ' ' " "''
There are many considerations in favor of
Fall planting. One has usually a better lot of
trees to select from at the nurseries, than, in
the Spring. If set out early, the wounded
roots become calloused, and ready to emit
new roots in the'Spring; they may even be
gin to form roots in the Fall. They are fairly
in their new quarters at the very opening of
Spring, and ready to start 'at the first ' begin
ning of warm weather. ' Fall planting saves
much time for other work in Spring,1 which is
always a busy season. In the Fall, the ground
is warm, comparatively 'dry, : and easy1 and
pleasant to work. : ' ' ' ' ' 'J ' '' : 'r 'J ! '
' It cannot be doubted that the hardiest trees
such as apple and forest trees, may be set out
in Autumn to the best advantage.' But' thoso
slightly tender such as cherries, some kinds
of pears and shade trees if taken Up in the
Fall, should be "heeled in," and protected for
the Wit.tcr. They will then be in the- best
possible condition ior planting out1 in : the
Spring. 3 And here is the way of doing it. On
receiving tbe bundle of ' trees' from the nurs
cry, choose a dry and partially sheltered coi
ner' of the garden or orchard, lay open a trench
a foot deep sloping it off on one sl'e, and ma
king a hillock on that side for the trunks and
branches to rest on. It is taken for granted
that tin's trench is made where 'no water; will
- - . . i i ......
"stand in it. Now lay the roots along in the
trench' as closely together as possible, ' the
limbs resting on the bank of earth." Cover the
roots a foot deep.-tnakitig a raout d over them
to shed water. Let also the trunks be slight
ly coveted forfn'l half tboir length: It is well
to lay a few evergreen boughs bver the branch
es; corn stalks may be uaed, thongh in mod
eration, or they will attract mice.' As soon
as Spring opens, reiaove.all covering, shorten
in the branches, and plantitf y.-r 73
-. For trees plaated within a year or, two past,
a slight 'W inters protection is imuortant . -at
least, in exposed places at -the North. The
roois. of such trees are yet snail,- and have
not recovered front the shock of removal. Tbe
main thing, required; ia to- cover tbe -entire
body of roots with a few - inches of extra soil.
If coarse manure is at hand, - use that, and it
will answer the double purpose of protection
and enrichment.: In Spring, let- the manure
be worked into the soil. Wherever there ; is
danger from mice,' a conical ' bank: of earth,
about afoot high, should be made around the
stem of every newly planted tree, removing it
early in the Spring. 1 " '''.'-
i The Ckowned Skeleton. Aix-Ia-Chapelle
in Germany, derives its nature lroru the tomb
of Charlemagne. He gave instructions that
when lie died be should be buried in a royal
position i': hot prostrate as slumbering dust,
but seated in the attitude of a ruling monarch.
He bad the mausoleum ;erectel over 'j the sep-
tilcher of our Saviour at Jerusalem. In a tomb
within this chapel be was placed upon a
throne. The gospels, which I suppose he bad
often read whil.t he was living, he would ap
pear determined to study thoroughly alter he
was dead.. He directed they should be laid
upon his knees before him. By. his side was
his sword; upon his head was an imperial
crown, and a royal mantle covered his lifeless
shoulders. - Hi us was Jus body placed, and did
his body remain for about 190 years, r One', of
his successors -resolved he ' would see "how
Charlemagne looked, and what had become of
the riches - that adorned his tomb. . Nearly a
thousand years after Christ, the -tomb was
opened by Emperor Otlio. . (The skeleton form
of tho .body was Jound there, dissolved and
.dismembered ; tl:e various -ornaments I speak
of Were all thure toi; but the frame had sunk
into fragments, the bones bad- fallen disjoint
ed and asunder! and there remained nothing
but tho ghastly ski II wearing -its crown " still !
The various relics were taken up,' and are now
preserved at : Vienna;- -and " they have' often
since been employed in tha coronation of the
Emperors of Germany Dr.'- Masaie' Summer
Rambles. :r'' -'- !'-;i -,r-,'i i '
Pboportion 10s Males and Females in the
United States- According to the'C S. cen-.
sas'of I860, there were at that time ,730,000
more males tbaa females in the United States,
a fact unprecedented in tbe census of any oth
er civilized 'nation!''' In most -of' the -older
States there is an excess of females In, Mass
achusetts, 37,600 more fem ales than.- malos,
while, in Illinois there is an excess oft 92,000
males; in Michigan, 40,000 excess of males?
in Texas,;37,obo ; in vrsconsin;,V43,000r'in
California, 67,000; aBd in Colorado there are
twenty males to one female. ' -
It appears now 'that the Jnen whd piloted
tbe rebels safely through Pennsylvania daring
the recent raid were Peunsylvanian Breckin-
... . ... ... . : "I
ridge Democrats. Their names are Iogan,
Wilson' Simes ane Brinn.'.The latter is.be-
lieved fo lie the man who apprehended Cook,
of John Brown's "Army of Invasion.' '
A gentleman' lately; returned from Europe;
cays that half tbe people h met supposed
North America was at war withSonth America,
and he was -frequently tasked whemthe- State
of. New England ww .affjfr ct otcs
A CURIOUS BEVEL ATI05 OF THE WAIt. i
: The following letter, -written by. E. B. Lee,
grandfather of the present commander-in.
chief of the rebel ' army, was found in the
dwelling bouse of General Stuart, in Virginia,
and has been placed in our possession for pub
lication. It is one of the most curious epis
tolary productions brought to light by the war,
and furnishes a clear insight into the" origin' of
the rebellion ' 1 -" . - .
'; ' New Tork, April 5? 1790.; A
Mr Dear Sir : I am just favored with your
very acceptable letter of the 29th ult."- ;
1 As to Mr. Madison's plan, you do not seem
fnlly to "have understood tt. It would not
have diminished the anionnt of the debt, and
therefore would not have-rendered the burth
ens less- The public would not have gained
a farthing by the operation, but lie intended
that justice should be done to every class of
citizens, to the full extent of the abilities of
the country. -He conceived the original hold
ers, as-well as the present possessors of : the
debt of the United States, . entitled to some
consideration ; 'and as it was evidently impos
sible to discharge the obligations which the
public were under to both, the dictates of jns
tfee required that there should be a composi
tion of their claims, and every possible justice
done. I conceive the equity of his doctrine
incontrovertible; and I saw no objection to his
but plan the difliculty of the exertion and the
danger of, tbe precedent.- Such a , precedent
might be used a9 a pretext to justify a meas
ure dissimilar in all its leading points At a fu
ture day. I felt myself," as you have done,
very much irritated at tbo indelicate -treatment
which he received.- Some seemed to
express, by their conduct, a joy, that they had
it in their power to depress bis importance (as
they thought,) which rendered' it still more
necessary for the friends of virtue, j and of tbe
Southern interests, to maintain and support
him. The debates on this question will better
explain to you his conduct. : ' ' ' ' '' ' "
-, As to tbe memorials from tha Quakers and
others relative - to tbe slave trade, their intro
duction, from the manner in which the sub
ject was treated, became ' importunate. The
gentlemen from South Carolina and Geogia!
by anticipating what was never intended, have
been, instrumental , in sounding disagreeable
alarms. If they had said nothing, the House
of Kepresentatives, without doubt,' would
have declared with one voice that Congress
bad no power to interfere in any manner so as
to affect or alter tho internal regulations of tne
States relative to them.
The authors ot the petition were influenced
by -an honest,' though indiscreet zeal, on the
oeasioiK x - They expressly -declared that their
object was not to injure the property, of the
Southern States, but to discontinue the slave
trade, which they deemed cruel and dishonor
able.: . . ,-i .. u . J ,;
T By th& unfounded apprehensions of the gentle
men Jrom uuroiina ana ueorgia, all the alarms
which have been spread were caused. - I consider
the declaration which we made in a cbniruit
tee of the whole, however, as soon as we were
permitted to come to a decision, will not only
quiet our fears, but put our slave property ou
a surer foundation than it before stood: and
an inteipretation of the powers of Congress
given at this time, when the meaning ot the
partita to the Constitution must, bo fully un
derstood, may prevent at a future day any im
proper coercive authority on this subject. I can
not, therefore, out flatter myself that the con
clusion o! this subject will be generally satis
factory to the State of Virginia, and that the
petitious you mention to be in contemplation
to Our next Assembly will be found wholly un
necessary on this subject. ' ' '
-,. As to the assumption of the State debt, this
question is still in suspense, aud the final de
termination very uncertain, ', The Eastern
States would carry their point at all hazards
rathel than fail they would be Contented with
a majority of one vote. 5 Three members fiom
the State ol North Carolina are now on the
flour, which renders the success of their plans
still more uncertain, r ruin tbe present ap
pearance, I cannot help thinking that the - as
sumption i will not proceed ; it it should, it
must wear a different countenance than it has
at present, and the most effectual provision
be made for a speedy and lair settlement of all
accounts. I have tio doubt negotiations have
been commenced,, and. are 1 yet existing,- be
tween the Eastern States and Pennsylvania
relative to the permanent seat of government;
the Pennsy Ivanians endeavoring to-make the
establishment ot the seat of government the
price id the assumption-' -.But iu this business
New. York is as necessary to carry the point as
Pennsylvania, and it is not probable that she
wiir be induced to'yield ' up the advantage
which she now has over. her commercial rival.
I have, .therefore, no fears that 'this negotia
tion will be productive of an establishment in
Pennsylvania. ' As to the'.'.Potomack, I con
sider our prospects as very remote.'- If the
Government last so long,' : it may erect its capi
tal on its banks, at the expiration of twenty
years. .. , , . ., v - , (
I confess that I feel myself often chagrined
by the taunts against the ancient Domi ion,' but
Dish man at this Tint would be the worst Of ca
lamities, , The Southern . States are too. weak
at present to stand by themselves, and a Gen
eral Government will 'certainly be advanta!
goons to us,' as it -produces no other effect
than protection .from, hostilities and uniform
commercial regulations ., .And when we shall
attain our natural degree of population I flat
ter myself that we shall have the jjower to do
ourselves justice, with dissolving the bond which
binds together.' It Is better to put up with
tbeso little conveniences, than to run the
hazard oi greater calamities. , ,-". f -.-.s
"' Adieu, , , " R. B. Lee.
Singclar Discovert A farmer near Barr,
the other day killed a sheep, in the stomach of
which was found twenty balls, varying lrom 2
to 7 inches 'in' circumference, and as hard as
wood."'wThe 'largest was about ! tbe ' size of a
cricket ball, v On examination it was fund, that
the balls were composed ot wool,, closely com
pressed." ' Tbe aheep roust have eaten the wool,
which proving quite indigestible, bad accumu
lated in its stomach.; .'The I animal was quite
healthy, and when killed weighe4 96 pounds.
,A few days since, a Secessionist at Wilkes
barre, Pennsylvania, was rode on a rail. He
was then conveyed home but fns mother refu
sed to receive bim as be watt a trattor, l and
not worthy to -enter tth bouse.; Sbe told the
boys to take bira down South and give him to
Jeff Davis. She bad two sons in tbe service oi
the United States, and regarded this fellow as
a disgrace teethe family9 ? . ?.-.,:
AMEBIC A THE GEANAKT OF XHEf W0KLD .
" In his book of travels in the' irbite'd 'States,
recently published, Mr. Trollope. says : I was
at' Chicago and at Buflato. in October,' 1861.
I went down to the granaries, and climbed' up
into the elevators.' 'I saw the wheat' running
in rlvers'lrom one vessel to another, and from
railroads vans np Into' huge bins'ou the top
stories of trie warehouses ; for there ' rivers ipf
food run tip hill as easy as they do down. '" ' I
saw eprn measured by the forty-bushVls meas
ure -with as much ease as we measure an ounce
61 cheese, and with greater rapidity! I ascer
tained -that the'work went ' on, through' the
week and Sundayday and ntght incessantly ;
rivers of wheat and Ti vers' of maize ever run
ning. I saw men bathed iri corn as they dis
tributed ! it In its' 'flow.-i' I saw tins by the score
ladeu with wheat, iu each of which bins' there
was space for a comfortable ' residence! I
breathed tho "' flour, and !drank the 'flourj' and
felt myselfto be enveloped in a world of bread
stnfls.:: And" then I believed, understood and
lironght it home to myself as a fact,' that hero
is the corn land of 'Michigan; and amid the
bluffs of Wisconsin, 3 anil ' on the' btgb' table
plains of Minnesota, and the praries of1 Illi
nois,' God had prepared' the' food for the" In
creasing millions ol the Eastern World ,?a's also-
lor tne coming millions of' the Western. I
vuuiiug iiiiiuuua ui iiio- tv esiern. A
to know what it was lor a country to.
'w with 'in ilk and honey , to burst with Its
began
overflow
fruits.' stid be smothered by Hts own riches.
From St! Pan! down ' the Mississippi,' by the
shores of Wisconsin and Iowa, by the ports on
Lake; Pepin, by La 'Cross, from which one
railway runs eastward, by Prairie da Chien,
the terminus of a second, by Dunleith, Fulton,
andKock Island, from which three other lines
ruu eastward, all. through that wonderful
State of IlIinois--tbe farmer's glory along
the ports of the great lakes, through Michigan,
111! nois, Ohio, and further Pennsylvania, op
to Buffalo, tbe great gate of tbe Western Ceres,
the loud cry was this-'IIow shall we rid our
selves of our corn and wheat ".. The , result
has been the passage ot 60,000 000 bushels of
breadstufls. through that gato in one year!
Let those who are susceptlbleof statfsttcs'pon
der that. For those who are not, I can only
give this'advice : let them go to Buffalo in Oc
tober and look for themselves. "
'' A Little Heroe. The St. Louis Republican,
says : A day or two since, the police found a
boy In military rig, barefooted, dirty and rag
ged, wandering -about the Levee, and suppo
sing him to be a ypang Levee" "thief, '-he was
conducted to. the, calaboose and , locked up.
Subsequently, however,: he attracted the at
tention of tbo Chief of Police,' Cousins, and,
on being' qnestibned "by . the Chief, " gave ,a
striightforward and interesting account -of
himself, i He gave his name,; but we regret
that is has not been preserved! He was twelve
years of age, and belonged to. the 'Th,i.rd Illi
nois Cavalry in which organization be enlist
ed nearly a year ago as a bngler. He erdnred
-the hardships of tbe Southwest campaign, lata
last fall and '.winter; and finally , took, part in
the battle of Pea Ridge, where his war-like
career was pretty -eflectually terminated by
one-of the enemy's ballets.' The ball struck
him on the . left side of bis neck,, and plowed
its way through the small arteries and almost
severed bis windpipe.- He lay on the battle
field for a longtime, but was finally picked up
and taken to a hospital, where he was confined
for three months. When" hp recovered'he
discovered, to his great sorrow, that he could
Wow his bugie no longer, his wound being of
sucn a nature as to prevent 111m frorp giving
even the faintest blast nporij the instrument.
The deepfurrow through which the bullet
passed was plainly visible, although thorough
ly healed, and .looked as.tbough a considera
ble portion f his neck had be-en hot, away.
Being phisicallymable to shoulder a mnsket
in the ranks, .be come to the conclusion that
he would return home. He accordingly set out
on his journey, and had got as far as, this city,
and, Was waiting on the Levee for a boat whn
be was arrested,, .His father and mother lived
in Grenville, Illinois, and ever fince he had
been in. the army be bad sent them , all bia
earnings.. , , ; . -. ,r, ',.. .
His atpry, o( which the above. is only a brief
outline, was related in such an- artless manner
as to win the attention of several individuals
who .listened to it, and their sympathies were
at once enlisted in tbe little fallow's benal&
He was asked if . he did not tbink he was 'too
young to enter the service. . ,
,No, sir J" was the prompt reply! I reckon
I didn't enter it any. too mooo."- . ia t -.
A liberal, collection was taken up, in Jbehalf
of the young, soldier, after lie concluded hia
atory, and the. Chief subsequently furnished
him with a new ( suit of clothes. Dia story
was told to the, railroad ofBcera, and they gave
bim a free- pass, and-ih ns be was seat, on hts
way home rejoicing.
., A rebel deserter the son of a quondam Bat.
tkoorean, now of .South Carolina and a trust
worthy, manj. aays be belonged to a regiment
from that State, composed of fonr companies.
of niggers and six bf whites; that the negroes
were allowvd.tq. vote with the whites: la tha
choice H;f tbeir I officers 1 that they raess and
sleep together without any. prejadice whatev
er and that the aegroea make as good soldiers
as tbo whitaa.p-rt ;.,',,,( 4 in-ti)i.u'ii
nrr