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i l l I OT I l i 1 1 l lrM:
BY S. J. ROW.
CLEARFIELD, PA.. WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1861.
VOL. 8.-NO. .6
AUTUMN.
SVhcn Stature wears her russet gown,
And swallows to the south havu town
Vhen grapes turn purple on the wall, .
And from the boughs the ripe pears fall
IV hen lair. 5) j and sheep row thick with wool,
"Then Autumn a lap with fruit is full.
' When corn is gathered in the barn,
And reeds are rattling in the tarn - '
Whw partridges in coveys fly,
And dogs and men are company -When
squirrels fill their nutty store.
Then Autumn's morn with frost is hoar.
When sleep-mice hiae their sleek, fat forms,
And deep in earth bore ringed worms
When leaves came rustling down from trees,
And flies the cattle cease to tease,
Then oak his sturdy amis doth bare
To battle with the Autumn air.
When silcut rwbins beg for crumbs.
And old men fumble with their thumbs
When fires show again in halls,
And bata hook on to dark, warm walls.
Then cold wind whittles o'er the moor,
And Autumn shuts the summer door.
MRS. WOOD'S VISIT.
"It is a real shame, Maggie, that I've not
paid you a visit yet : but you must not think
hard of me, lor, I deel ire, I've set a day of
every week since you have been in the neigh
borhood to go and pass a day with you. You
know my family is large, and I have a great
deal of sewing to do j but next Fiiday I have
determined I will go, and take my work a
long. We are not half as sociable as people
ought to be ; but I can't get time to visit as
much as I'd like to, and, 1 declare, I believe
this is the first time you were ever in our
hou?e."
I walked slowly home from -Mrs. Wood's,
for I was busily thinking. The fact is, I
thought her rather fast. We hud not been in
the village but a few weeks, and she had al
ready called on us twice. That morning I
had gone up street on an errand, and it being
very warm, had stopped in at Mrs. Wood's to
rest a few minutes. I had not asked her to
our house, and was entirely unconscious that
we had received any slight by her and her
children not having, as yet, spent the day
with us, until she informed me of the fact, a
mid regrets aud'apologies. We were really
in trouble about the . unexpected visit, not
that Mis. Wood was at all unpleasant, but the
children 1 grew sick as I thought of them,
lor they were a noisy and unruly set.
Early Friday moiniug there came a knock at
the front door that echoed over the whole
house. Trying to feel resigned, I opened the
.lour, L'iTt it was with utter despair that I clos
'd the door after Mrs. Wood's and five small
children. I took them to the sitting .room,
but heartily wished afterwards that by some
meaus we could have stumbled into the kitch
en. "Well, I've got here at last," broke in Mrs.
Woods, as she dcliberatjly laid aside her bon
net. "It is really too bad that I have left it so
long; but as I lold Maggie the other day, I
il.ive been so very busy.'-'
Wo were scarcely seated when the children
jceii.cd to think soaie attention due them.
'SiotW, I want a piece." yelled Charley,
th. fecund hopeful. -So do I," said another.
'And me, too," charted iu a third.
Oh! Ijost.ll; you ccitainly are not hun
gry j et," and ilrs. Wood, i' a wbiniug, coax
in
Yes.
ati, tnd I wunt apiece," replied
(.harlcy, witn a neurit, impudent look.
"We'.l, then, uk Maggie right pretty to get
you a piece," said the mother, as she picked
up the trying baby lioiu the floor. I did not
My anything, tut In very good humor laid
uu.vq uiy work and went to the pantry.
"And this is but the I eginuiog of the day,"
1 thought, with a sigh, us I took up my work
again. The children grew quiet while eating
their bread nd buttrr, and the baby went to
sleep. Then Mrs. Wood took up her bag and
drew forth her w.k.
"Maggie," I want to make myself a light
cloak from the pattern of your spring cloak ;
dont you think it will make a pretty one "
and she gathered the jjoods up in lolds to dis
play it to the best advantage.
Of course I thought it would make up well.
"But I have no pattern of my cloak, Mrs.
Wood."
"Well, now, I'ni real sorry for it ; but per
haps you and I could cut it out from the cloak.
I have heard several times how handy you
were about cutting any tiling you wanted to,
and I just brought this goods along to-day on
purpose to get you to help me about it."
And she smiled insinuatingly.
"I never cut one without a pattern," I re
plied; "and would not like to undertake it.
1 paid for my learning, too,"! added, mentally.
"Well, let me see your cloak, any how. I
guess I can do it myself. .
So I went up stairs and took the cloak from
a trunk where I had intended it to stay all
iummer. Then Mrs. Wood wanted to know
liow this was done, and bow that was cut, and
wished she had a pattern, or had tho cloak cut.
I was very busy with my . work and did, not
take the hint, for I did not wish to have any
thing to do with it. Finally she asked me for
paper and scissors, so that she might cut a
intern. Just then the lour eldest children,
uo had slipped out some titno before, came
bounciugin with,
"Oh! mother, we got su6h good berries out
in tbo garden ; don't you want some 7"
"Why, how do you know that tho folks al
low you to gather them V studying intently
n uer pattern. "Don't pull any more.dears."
-o away tbey all ran, like so many wild hors
s and isto tho garden, I suppose to help
tiieiuselves. ; " : ' - i i ? ; . -
Mrs. Wood now had the fronts cut, and said
sb3 guessed she could cut tho backs without
iQr pattern. I thought differently, but did
Dot say so. Just then the baby wakened up,
yelling so that I could not hear a word the
niotber was saying, and I heaved a heart-felt
'Eh as I saw my work box set down on the
cor for its amusement. I took occasion to
jed something in it, and took it from the ba
.7' In a few minutes the mother asked where
" was, but I pretended not to hear her. She
'"en went to t!in door and called to the r.hild-
e to come and play with the baby. Two
ere iu the cherry trees, and the others deep
j7"o ino blackberry bashes, ana from the
hJ if of tbcir Dands and faces 1 judged they
J found plenty of frnit. . I sighed again as
oftV ght of 1,19 Jara wo had intended to make
1 tte berries,and savagely wished the dears"
o under my control lot about 15 minutes. .
1 went mto the kitchen to lifbt the fire in I
the stove, and Laving got the dinner on the
way, went into the room for something, and
there the children were, building a bouse of
stove wood which they had carried in from
tho shed ; but it was rather more than I could
bear when 1 saw that Charley had my cloak
wrapped around him and over bis head, as he
sat on the floor playing "peep" with the baby
it pulling for life at tho tassel. I forgot
everything there, and I know I took it from
him much quicker than he put it on. I was
not aware at the time that I gripped bis arm
so tight as to warrant a yell, but he indulged
in one at any rate. I put the cloak away and
retreated to the kitchen, leaving my mother
to entertaiu them as best she could.
As soon as Mrs. Wood heard the rattle of
dishes she brought her work out into the
kitcken to watch us. I did not do a thing
but what she saw it, and I only hope she will
know all about the way I work by the r.ext
time she comes. While I went to the cellar
the children amused themselves by tasting
what was on the table, so their mother in
formed me when I came back, as though it
was something very smart indeed.
At last dinner was ready, and amid all the
noise and confusion we soon became seated
scarcely so, however, until three of the '-little
dears" were helping themselves to whatev
er they could reach. Then it was,
"Mother. I want some peas," and "Mother,
give nis a peice of meat," as though they had
not eaten anything for a week. Mrs. Wood
looked worried and excited, for my part I felt
perfectly disgusted, and no doubt looked the
same. I could scarcely retain from uttering
a few words of heartfelt thankfulness when
they all left the table.
When I again joined our company Mrs.
Wood had her cloak basted together, and re
quested me to act as a "form," while she fit
ted it. I was all obedience.but could scarcely
suppress a smile, for it had no more fit to it
than if it had been made without a single seam.
She insinuated that she wished I would take
the scissors and sit down and alter it for her; but
I had no such idea. I told her the best I
knew what todo.and went to my own work. Just
then one of the children came in with, some
blocks, with which the baby commenced poun
ding a chair, leaving a scar at every blow.
Another one imitated a drummer boy by. beat
ing on a new tin pan which he had taken
down in the kitchen, and Charley amused
himself by scattering the pins over the floor,
out of the cushion. Mrs. Wood looked at
them and laughed too see them enjoying
themselves so much.
My head ached badly, and every thump and
scream from the children went through and
through it. I gathered up my work and went
up stairs, thinking I'd have a quiet time, for
a little while, at least. Here I found the oth
er child overhauling things generally. After
having satisfied himself as to the contents of
drawers and closets, he had riddled a couple
of " Waverleys." This was about as much as
humun nature could bear, and I could have
spanked him with a right good will, but con
tented myself by sending him down stairs
much quicker thai I supposed he came up.
I laid dowu to rest my throbbing head a few
minutes, and the next I knew I awoke from a
long sleep. My head was better, and I went
down stairs. The children were all out play
ing, and their mother reading. Tho cloak
was folded up and put away. Then supper
had tob gone through with attended w ith e
ven worse noise than at dinner. The children
all drank tea from the oldest to the youngest ;
and one had too much sugar in his, another
not enough, third said the tea was not good,
aud wanted coffee, (which he did not get.) If
Mrs. Wood corrected any of them, they gen
erally answered, "I wont do it," or "do it
yourself." Then she raised her voice above
all others, and entertained us by telling about
her cookery. I thought if all she said was
true she must cook very differently for her
family and for company, for I had had it lrom
reliable sources that she could never set a de
cent looking table; and I thought, too, no
wonder her children acted so starved abroad.
I never saw a much worse looking house
than when we left the table everything was
scattered everywhere. I may as well avow I
am a little bit "old maidish," and it really
hurts my feelings to see things so out of order.
I scarcely knew where to begin ; but, finally,
in the course of an hour, succeeded in clean
ing out most of the rubbish getting tho tin
pans bung up, etc.
Just at sunset Mrs. Wood gathered up her
work and babies and started home, mid many
pressing invitations for us all to come and see
her.
It was with feelings of the greatest relief that
I closed the door after her, and turned again
into the now quiet room. So great was the
reaction that I felt as though I had just awak
ened from some terrible dream, or had been
rescued from a living death, and I do hope
and pray that I may ever be spared the pleas
ure of being at home when Mrs. Wood and
her children come to spend the day.
A Good One. The following incident illus
trates how desirous the volunteers are to obey
orders, and the good results ot their efforts :
"I suppose you will see that I have written
mother's letter with a lead pencil and yonrs
witb pen and ink. It is because we have had
a lot of pen holders and pens given to us by
the government. We have also had a box of
shoe blacking given to each man. You will
remember that in my last letter I stated that
G. F., one of the privates, had no shoes.
When the Colonel gave us the blacking, he
said he wanted us to look as much alike as
possible. So G. F. went to work and blacked
his feet, and polished them, and when the
Colonel came along on dress parade, be asked
F. why he did that. lie replied, "To look as
much alike as possible." The Colonel burst
out laughing, and went, after parade, to the
store, and bought him a pair of shoes witb his
own money."
"Love Me Little, Love Me Long." The
Chicago Journal says, Captain Lambeer,
attached to the Minnier Rifles, came from tho
country this morning with a lot of recruits.
Among the number is a farmer who rejoices
in being six feel ten inches tall in his stock
ings ! , There's a light infantry man lor you.
He is indisputably . the high private of the
Union army. "Hit one ot your size," applied
to him, would make him an eternal member of
the Peace Society. Fortunately he's a "Suck
er," and consequently cares little for adages,
proverbs or admonitions. He means fight. ; .
-mm m m
Carbon county has furnished our 700 men
for the war. -; .
. : i .
FREE NAVIGATION OF THE MISSISSIPPI.
It has been said, and often repeated with
emphasis, within the last eighty years, thai
the tree useol the Mississippi must be secured
for these States at any hazard and at any cost.
Soon after the Revolutionary war broke out,
the attention of the country was drawn to this
subject. The Louisiana territory, at the com
mencement of the Revolutionary war. belong
ed to Spain : it included the eastern shore of
the Mississippi for some distance above New
Orleans, and the western bank as far as the
forty-ninth degree of latitude, with an indef
inite extent of territory toward the West.
As early as 1779, Mr. Jay, then Minister to
Spain, was directed by Congress to negotiate
a pending treaty, on the express condition
that "the United States should enjoy the free
"navigation of the river Mississippi into and
"Iron the sea." . In 1780 Congress reiterated
those instructions, and Mr. Madison, of Vir
ginia, Mr. Sullivan, of New Hampshire, and
Mr. Duane, of New York, were directed to
prepare a letter to our Ministers in France and
Spain, setting forth its views- A year lafer,
at the instigation of South Carolina and Geor
gia, who had been alarmed by t he progress of
the English forces after the capture of Charles
ton and the defeat of Gates at Camden, Con
gress resolved to recede from its demand, and
to secure the treaty without this guarantee.
Fortunately, Spain was not swift in her move
ments, aud the negotiations led to no definite
results. From this time, however, for twen
ty years, the subject caused great commotion,
especially in the West, and tho first danger of
Secession came from the fear there entertain
ed of the purpose of the Government to allow
them to bo cut off from the free use of that
great highway to the seas.
In 1SU0, Napoleon, by the secret treaty of
St. Ildephonso, secured the retrocession of
Louisiana to France ; so that, after a lapse of
forty years, she came in possession of it once
more, with all of its original boundaries. This
treaty, when made known, by no means qui
eted the apprehensions of the West. Mr. Jef
ferson, then in the Presidential chair, wrote
to Mr. Livingston, our. Minister to France,
"The cession of Louisiana and the Floridas,
"by Spain, to Fiance, works most sorely for
"tho United States." One year later, In 1803,
James Monroe was sent as an envoj' extraor
dinary to co-operate with Mr. Livingston lor
the purchase of Lastern Louisiana and the
Floridas, with the island and city of New Or
leans. After various negotiations, Napoleon,
who was fearful that the whole territory might
fall into the hands of England, directed M.
Marbois, his confidential agent, to offer to the
American Commissioners the whole province.
They were utterly unprepared for this ; "the
widest views of the authorities at home had
never embraced such a purchase or such a
possession. They were in much perplexity.
A decision must be made at once. An Eng
lish fleet was already preparing to cross the
ocean and assail New Orleans, which, of
course, would give to that power the posses
sion of the whole vast domain. No commu
nication could be sent to America, no new
authority could be received. The responsi
bility rested upon themselves "alone. Like
men ot strong patriotic feeling and practical
common sense, they concluded that to exceed
the letter of their instructions was the best,
the only way, to keep their spirit. They con
sented to treat upon this broad view ot tho
sul ject ; and, finally, the treaty was comple
ted on the oOth of April, 1803.
When the treaties were signed, Livingston
said : "From this day the United States take
"their place among the nations of the first
"rank ; the English lose all exclusive inter
ests in the affairs of America." Napoleon
said : "This accession of territory strength
"ens forever the power of the United States ;
"and I have just given to England a maritime
"rival that will sooner or later humble her
pride."
Such were the steps by which the way was
prepared for a final and formal transfer of the
territory to the United States. At New Or
leans, on the 20th ol December, 1803, the flag
of France and that of the United States met
midway on the flagstaff, and their meeting
was greeted by the booming of artillery and
the music of trumpets; then the former de
scended forever, while the Stars and Stripes
rose upward, amid the shouts of : the Ameri
cans who witnessed the scene. A similar
scene was presented in St. Louis on the 10th
of March, 1804, when the formal transfer of
Upper Louisiana was consummated.
Such were the steps by which the heritage,
sought earnestly for thirty years, was finally
won. And now, after the lapse of sixty years
of quiet possession, the people of these United
States are asked to allow that long-sought pos
session which has cost them so many mil
lions ot dollars ; which has grown in import
ance each year, as the tide of emigration has
rolled fuller and stronger into tho lertile val
ley which the Mississippi drains to be snatch
ed from them by the hands of Rebels against
the Government that has shielded and foster
ed them. ; Tbey are asked to submit to the oc
cupance of the mouths of that magnificent high
road of commerce by a hostile power; and to
pass and repass if that boon be ever allowed
for more than five hundred miles through a
foreign land. The audacity ot the demand is
equalled only by the blindness and folly of
those who make it.
The great West, in the days of its earliest
infancy, looked the great question lull in the
face, and was ready to pay or to dare any
thing, in order to secure to itself forever the
free navigation of the Mississippi. And now,
in the days of its vigorous manhood, will it
stand calm and passive, while the long covet
ed possession is snatched forcibly from its
grasp? He who can imagine this, for a sin
gle moment, must have a marvelous degree of
credulity, and attribute to the West a blind
ness to its own rights and interest which that
shrewd young giant has never yet manifested.
The Rebels may make themselves perfectly
sure that the voice of the West will be clear
and emphatic, and that the voice of the coun
try will respond to it fully. : The Mississippi,
with all of its banks, in all of its course, must
be the possession ot these United States, now
and forever, to have and to hold against any
and every claimant whatsoever.
- Gen. Scott has pronounced Gen. McClellan
to be the only man in the Federal army capa
ble of manoeuvering 100,000 soldiers in the
field. - ' - ' ' ; - '
The shock of an earthquake was distinctly
felt at Lacbute, . Lower Canada, on the 18th
uit. It lasted over half a minute. . . . i
SOMETHING FOB DEM0CEATS TO BEAD.
A friend of Senator Douglas has handed to
the National Intelligencer for publication a co
py of the following letter from him on the
state of the country t
Chicago, Friday, May 10, 1861.
Mr Dear Sir : Being deprived of the nse
of my arms for the present by a severe attack
of rheumatism, I am compelled to avail myself
or the services ol an amanuensis in reply to
your two letters. !
It seems that some of my friends are unable to
comprehend the difference between arguments
used in favor of an equitable compromise, with a
hope of averting the horrors of war, and those
urged in support of the Government and the
flag of our country, token war is being waged
against the United Slates with the avowed purpose
of producing a permanent disruption of the
Union and a total destruction of its Government.
All hope of compromise with the Cotton
States was abandoned when they assumed the
position that the separation of the Union was
complete and final, and that they would never
consent to a leconstruction in any emergency
no even if we would furnish them with a blank
sheet of paper and permit them to inscribe their
own terms.
Still the hope was cherished that reasonable
and satisfactory terms or adjustment could be
agreed upon with Tennessee, North Carolina
and tho Border States, and that whatever terms
would prove satisfactory to these loyal States
would create a Union party in the Cotton
States, which would be powerful enough at
the ballot-box to destroy the Revolutionary
Government, and bring those States back into
the Union by the voice of their own people.
This hope was cherished by Union men North
and South, and was never abandoned until war
was levied at Charleston and the authorative
announcement made by the Revolutionary
Government at Montgomery, that the secession
flag should be planted upon the walls of the
Capitol at Washington, and a proclamation is
sued inviting the pirates of the world to prey up
on the commerce of the United States.
These startling facts, in connection with the
boastful announcement that the ravages ol war
and carnage should be quickly transferred from
the cotton fields of the South to the wheat
fields of the North, furnish conclusive evidence
that it was the fixed purpose of the Secessionists
to destroy the Government of our Fathers and
obliterate the United Stales from the map of the
world.
In view of this state of facts there was but
one path of duly left to patriotic men. It was
not a party question, nor a question involving
partisan policy ; it was a question of Govern
ment or no Government ; country or no country ;
and hence it is the imperative duty of every
Union man, every friend ot constitutional lib
erty, to rally to the support of our' common coun
try, Us Government and flag, as the only means
of checking tho progress of revolution and of
preserving the Union of the States.
I am unable to answer your questions in re
spect to the policy of Mr. Lincoln and Cabinet.
I am not in tbeir confidence, as you and the
whole country ought to be aware. I am neith
er the supporterjof the partisan policy nor
the apologist of the Administration. My pre
vious relations to them remain unchanged ;
bat 1 trust the time will never come when 1 shall
not be willing to make any needful sacrifice of
personal feeling and party policy for the honor
and integrity of my country.
I know no mode in which a loyal citizen
may so well demonstrate his devotion to bis
country as by sustaining the Flag, the Consti
tution, and the Union, under all circumstances
and under every Administration, regardless of
party politics, against all assailants, at home or
abroad. The course of Clay and Webster to
wards the Administration of Jackson, in the
days of Nullification, presents a noble and
worthy example lor all true patriots. At the
very moment when that fearful crisis was pre
cipitated upon the country, partisan strife be
tween Whigs and Democrats was quite as bitter
and relentless as now between Democrats and
Republicans.
The gulf which separated party leaders in
those days was quite as broad and deep as that
which now separates the Democracy from the
Republicans. But the moment an enemy rose
in our midst, plotting the dismemberment of the
Union and the destruction of the Government,
the voice of partisan strife was hushed in patri
otic silence. One of the brightest chapters in
the history of our country will record the fact
that during this eventful period the great lead
ers of the Opposition, sinking the partisan in
the patriot, rushed to the support of the Gov
ernment, and became its ablest and bravest
defenders against all assailants until the con
spiracy was crushed and abandoned, when
they resumed their former positions as party
leaders upon political issues.
With the sincere hope that these my con
scientious convictions may coincide with those
of my friends, I am, very truly, yours,
Stephen A. Douglas.
To Virgil nickox,Esq., Chairman State Demo
cratic Committee. 1
A New Wat to Oust an . Enemy. At a
point within gunshot of our pickets at Bailey's
Cross Roads, stood the famous Munson barn
and hay ricks, heavily planked and sodded
within, Ioopholed, &c, and well guarded by
the hay ricks. The enemy would advance
from the rear and pick off our pickets whenev-,
er one was so unlucky as to expose bis mug
from behind the friendly tree or log which
served as a covert.- Many plans had been sug
gested around the camp fire to abate the
nuisance,but none feasible- Storming it would
never do, as Munson's Hill was in too close
proximity. Yankee ingenuity at last hit upon
an expedient, which was successfully carried
into execution by. Maj. Frank Lemon and
Lieut: Charles Diamond, of the Frst California
Regiment. -. At the lorge of some blacksmith
tbey made some fifty or more conical slugs,
and witb these and a Sharp's rifle, they started
for the line of our pickets, built s fire, and
commenced beating shot. One of them, with
a cloth, would drop the shot into the muzzle
of the rifle, and the Major, being the - best
shot, blazed away. - At the second shot the
bay ricks were in a blaze. In two more shots
the barn caught.- Out rushed ; the rebels and
made for the hill the long roll of the enemy
was beat, rockets were sent up, orderlies were
seen rushing to and fro with great speed, and
evidently the enemy were expecting an attack
aloDg the entire length of his lines.
, A levy en masse has been ordered in Kan
sas, all being ordered to enrol, arm, and bold
themselves in readiness to march at anj mo
ment, "i, ' . " l-vi ) ...
LUTHER'S EESIDENCE AT WITTENBERG.
Ascending a rough, neglected stairway, I
entered the room in which Luther resided af
ter his marriage. His old furniture is still
there. There is the table on which he wrote
the chair on which he sat a kind of double
seat, where he nsed to read and converse with
his Catharina all chipped and sliced by Van
dal travelers. There, too, is the old large
stove, whose plates are covered with figures
ol the four evangelists, cast after devices by
Luther himself. That, fortunately, cannot bo
cut into chips. A little case, protected by
glass doors, contains a number of relics, such
as specimens of his handwriting, some old
documents and embroidery wrought by his
wife. There are fragments of a drinking glass
said to have been broken by Peter the Great.
When a young man he visited Wittenberg,
and desired to carry away the glass, but being
refused permission, he dashed it in pieces on
the floor an act worthy of this haughty and
passionate czar ? There, too, is a beer mug
of large size, which shows that three centu
ries have not changed the German's devotion
to his favorite beverage. Over the door is a
scrawl in chalk, protected by glass, which may
be guessed to be "Peter," and tradition says
was written by the czar. If so, the scribbling
propensity is not confined to Americans. In
an adjoining room is tho desk fiom which tho
great Reformer lectured. On its front are
four circular paintings, representing the four
faculties of the university, law, medicine, the
ology and philosophy. The latter contains a
fine female figure which my guide said was a
likeness of Catharina, showing alike Luther's
taste and affection. On the walls are por
traits by Cranacb. There is also a cast taken
after Luther's death.
I was looking at these monuments, and ask
ed where is Luther's, when my guide pointed
to a plain stone at my feet, which was part of
the floor, whereon was the name of Luther.
Removing this there is a neat bronze tablet,
with his name, and date of birth and death.
Such is the simple monument a similar one
maiks where Melancthon sleeps.
Eleven Attempts to Resist Government.
There have beeu, since tho organization of
tho Federal Government, eleven attempts
made to resist its authority. The first was
made in 1782, and was a conspiracy of some
of the officers of the Federal army to consoli
date the thirteen States into one, and confer
the supreme command upon Washington.
Tne second was in 1787, called Shay's Insur
rection in Massacbusets. The third was in
1793, populary called tho " Whisky Insurrec
tion of Pennsylvania." The fourth instance
was in 1814, by the Hardford Convention Fed
eralists. The fifth, on which occasion the
different sections of the Union came in collis
ion, was in 1820, under the anministration of
President Monroe, and occured on the ques
tion of the admission of Missouri into the U
nion. The sixth was a collision between the
Lcgislatuie of Georgia and the Federal Gov
ernment, in regard to certain lands given by
the latter, to the Creek Indians. The seventh
was in 1830, with the Cherokees in Georgia.
The eighth was the memorable nullifying or
dinance of South Carolina, in 1832. The
ninth was in 1842, and occurred n Rhode Is
land, between the "Suffrage Association"
and the State authorities. The tenth was in
1856, on the part of. the Mormons, who resist
ed the federal authorities. The eleventh is
the present attempt at Secession.
Great Rifle Guns. In the Elswick Ord
nance Works of Sir William Armstrong & Co.,
near New Castle, England, no less than three
thousand men and boys are continually em
ployed. A great three hundred pounder bat
tery gun is about to be constructed there for
the British Government. Its bore will be ten
and a half inches ; length, fourteen feet.;
weight twelve tons, and is to be a muzzle
loader. A two hundred pounder breech loader
is now being manufactured at these works,
and from six to eight rifled guns, of various
calibres, are turned out weekly. On the re
cent occasion ol a large invited party visiting
these works, Mr. R. Lambert, one of the pro
prietors, stated that they had fired bolts of
seven hundred pounds weight from one of their
one hundred pounder guns without the least
appearance of bursting it. He also said : "A
question of great interest had to be solved,
viz : whether artillery could be made to break
the strongest and heaviest iron plates with
which ships could be protected. If he might
venture on a prediction as to the solution of
this question, it would bo that they would
manufacture Armstrong guns which no plates
that any vessel could carry and float, could
have any chance of resisting."
General Scott in 1812. In a speech de
livered at Newark, New Jersey, Judge Con
rad, in answer to a charge of cowardice made a
gainst Gen. Scott, produced document which
was sworn to a few years sincfc, as a part of
the evidence of a soldier at Lundy's Lane,
who stated in his affidavit that General Scottj
after he was wounded, rode to where the sol
dier was stationed, bis neck, breast and arms
in a gore of blood, which ran down his legs
and trickled from his boots upon tbe ground,'
and said to the commander of tbe line : I
am wounded and very weak ; I want one of
your young men to get up behind me and
hold me on my horse.' A young man threw
down his musket, and at one spring leaped up
on his horse, and they swiftly galloped away
to the main body ol the army. The excite
ment produced by reading the document was
tremendous. Hundreds rose to their feet and
gave most vehement cheers, so that it was some
minutes before tbe speaker could proceed.
.The Harvest of Death. Dr. Lyon, bri
gade surgeon under Gen. Lyon at the battle
of Wilson Creek, was witness to the following
extraordinary incident : "A tall rebel soldier
waved a large and costly secession flag defi
antly", when a cannon ball struck him to tbe
earth, dead. , A second soldier picked up the
prostrate flag, and waved it again a second
cannon ball shattered bis body. A third
soldier raised and waved the flag, and a third
cannon ball crashed into his breast and he fell
dead. Yet the lourtb time was tbe flag raised,
the soldier waved it, and tamed to climb over
the fence with it into tbe woods. As he stood
astride the fence a moment, balancing to keep
the heavy flag upright, a fourth cannon ball
struck him in the side, cutting him complete
ly in two, so that one-half of his body fell on
one side, while the flag itself lodged on the
fence, and was captured a few minutes after
wards by onr troops. Our troops captured
three: rebel flags."
T PI 13 JOURNAL.
THE WAR INCIDENTS AND NEWS.
A contraband came into onr lines near Falls
Church, and was taken to the bead-quarters
of Gen. McDowell, at Upton's Hill, lie sta
ted that he was tbe servant of the surgeon of
the 15th Georgia regiment, which was en
camped, together with two other regiments,
lour miles from Falls Church, on the road
leading to Fairfax Couit House, ne also said
that there are no rebel troops there excepting
those just mentioned, neither were there any
fortifications this side of Fairfax Court House.
He gave as a reason for the recent precipitate
retreat of the rebel arms . as mentioned by of
ficers In his hearing, that they were fearful of
a flank movement by the federal array from
the direction of Lewinsville ; that he bad
heard his master, the surgeon, say that the
fortifications on the river below Washington
were very extensive, and that Gen. Beaure
gard had given orders to close the navigation
of the Potomac to our vessels.
All reports received from Lexington corro
borate the opinion already expressed that tho
rebels intend to keep their main force there,
but it is stated that several bodies, from two
hundred to two thousand have left there with
in a few days pas! for the north and west, but
for what purpose is unknown. The opinion is
becoming generally prevalent that the seces
sionists at Lexington are by no means despica
ble, but that with their vast numbers and ample
ammunition, their confidence and courage will
make a powerful and determined resistance.
The cold weather of the last few nights has
turned the attention of the men towards tho
construction of temporary fire places in their
tents. The plan adopted by one ol the New
York Regiments is first to dig a trench a foot
wide and deep, running from the interior to
the exterior of the tent ; then to cover it over
with tbe exception of a foot at each end, the
inside serving as a fire place and the vutside
end covered with a headless barrel, serve as a
chimney. The invention is said to be of Cal
ifornia origin.
Renewed evidence has been received here
to-day, that the enemy is falling back on Ma
nassas Junction, making that place once more
the centre of operations, as it was before the
battle of Bull Run. There is a pretty general
impression, that part of Beauregard's and
Johnson's army has been sent to Kentucky.
The absence of any large lorco of the rebels
from the Upper Potomac seems to confirm this
view.
Capt. Coppingcr, an English officer, late in
tbo Papal military service, has been commis
sioned a Captain in our volunteer service, on
the recommendation of his holiness, the Pope.
This makes tbe fifth European Monarch who
has recommended officers for service in tho
United States.
Gen. Fremont preserves a strict a'tlence, but
he Is said to be actively engaged in obtaining
the exact number of troops he can command,
and organizing plans for the approaching en
gagement, for tbe success or failure of which
is to rest his reputation upon, and win or lose
his all.
Commissary General Gibson died on Mon
day in Washington, aged 85. He entered tho
army in 1808 as a captain of infantry, from
Pennsylvrnia. Ild was a native of this State,
and a brother of the late Chief Justice Gib
son, ot our Supreme Court.
Lieutenants Loyal, Butts and Stevens of tbe
navy have been sent to Fort Lafayette, for re
fusing to take the oath of allegiance.
A gentleman tells this story of a little drum
mer bey. He went on the ship to Fortress
Monroe, with bis regiment, and just at even
ing, overcome with the fatigues of the day, be
had laid down upon the deck, and bad fallen
asleep. The dews were falling. The Colonel
came along and shook him by the shoulder,
and told him be would take cold if he contin
ued to lie there, and advised him to go below
and go to his rest for the night. As he was
getting up, his Bible fell from his pocket up
on the deck. He picked it up and replaced
it. Some kind hand perhaps a mother or a
Sunday school teacher had given him that
Bible. He went below and prepared himself
for his bed. When ready, be kneeled down
many loud-talking men standing around put
his hands together in the attitude of prayer,
and poured out bis heart silently to God. He
heeded not tbe noise around him. In a mo
ment all was hushed ; the company being over
awed by the conduct of the boy, reverently
stood silent until be had finished bis prayer.
"IIild tiie Tinth's Colors." Nothing
could better illustrate the pluck and determi
nation of onr Ohio boys than the manner in
which they bore their suflerings, I passed,
through the hospitals late at night, and among
all that mass of shattered and agonized hu
manity, scarcely a single groan conld bo
heard ! ; Tbe lads made no complaints, utteied
no regrets, save that they could not have re
mained longer on the field "to help wind them
up." "Are yoa suffering much 7" said I to
a poor fellow, with a severe flesh wound.
"Oh .'not a great deal, sir, but I hild tbe
Tinth's colors all safe !" On Inquiry, I found
that he bad stood by the side of the color
bearer during the opening of tho terrific fire,
which, lor a time, the Tenth bore aloi e. . The
color-bearer was struck - by a cannon shot (or
by cannister perhaps), and torn literally to
pieces. This brave fellow had instantly grasp
ed the standard, and held on to it nndcr the
very heaviest Are, till be had himself been
wounded and carried o3 the field.
. A Good Example. Mr. John King, ol Par
ma, Michigan, well known as a trapper and
hunter, and also a wood farmer, called at tho
Governor's office a day or two since, with a
three-barreld gun in his hand, and inquired
lor a recruiting officer. He said : "Governor
Blair, I am to'.d that the State of Michigan
will bo compelled to draft men to whip out
the Southern traitors. Sir, I will not have it
thrown in the toeth of my children that when
the liberties of my country were In. danger, I
waited to be drafted into the army to defend
them. Where can I enlist 7" Mr. King's ex
ample is worthy ol praise. ,
Gov. Pierpont, of Western Virginia, mado
a speech in Wheeling the other day in which
he said : "There is work lor all, and be who
hangs back and does nothing, is no better than
a traitor." He also told the people of Wheeling j
"Stay at home, count your money, and you'll
all be gone to the devil in 'six months. Ap
plause. If a fund can bo raised, the First
Virginia Regiment will be full in three days
If that is not done, the city docs not deserva
ot be defended." . ' ' ' '- - ' . -
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