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BY S. B. ROW.
CLEARFIELD, PA., WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 23, 1859.
YOL. 6.--JVO. 13.
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For the ''Raftsman's Journal."
A THANKSGIVING HYMN FOE 1859.
BY LOG AX.
TVe bless tbee, 0 Lord, and thy praises proclaim;
Veshout thy salvation, and sing to thy name :
We'll sing to thy praise till we reach the blest shore,
Then join with the ange's to sing evermore.
We bless thee for freedom on land and on sea ;
That we have no master, Jehovah, but thee.
Our Bibles lie open, and none dare invade
To thut up thy temples, or make us afraid.
We thank thee for peace in the land of our birth ;
For gladness and sunshine around our own hearth ;
For kindred and friendship thy name we revere,
And ail thy kind gifts in our family cheer.
Tho" the earth is so fair, and altho thou bast blest
Our own happy portion above all the rest.
AVetbank thee, that, tho' thou hastgivensuch bliss,
Thou yet hast provided a better than this.
Ve thank thee, dear Lord, for the gospel of peace ;
Fr tbechurchs prosperity, health, and increase;
For her life and her power bestowed by thy" band;
Extend her, more fully, all over the land.
And now, dearest Lord, shall our song have an end
Without a thanksgiving for Jesus, our Friend
To our Savior and Urotber, Redeemer and Lord,
llosannah. Ilosannah, with sweetest accord.
COPYRIGHT SECtRED.J
CLEARFIELD COD.NTYi'
OR. REMINISCENCES OF THE PAST.
The Southwestern part of the county, al
though presenting a due field for agricultural
vnterprize, was not settled until a later date
than the central portion. Daniel Turner had
erected a grist mill on Clearfield creek, about
seven miles above Glen Hope. This had not
proven a profitable undertaking to him. He
supposed that if coal could be found on the
liver ; a mill erected to cut plank for arks, and
the coal shipped in the arks to the lower coun
ties, a lucrative business might be carried on.
With this in view lie and James Gallaher, one
of ;he residents of the Clearfield creek settle
ment, crossed towards ttie liver and found
themselves near the waters of Chest creek, in
1SK). Turner selected a spot on the river
just below the Patchin Mills, and erected a
mill His enterprize proved an abortion, as
he got none of the coal which he mined, to
market. But it was different with Gallaher.
lie became pleased with the appearance of the
country between the creek and the river, and
determined to settle there. lie built a shanty
::ear where now stands the house of Thomas
Mehafly, Esq., in the Borough of Xew Wash
ington, and afterwards removed his family to
it. He thus became the first white settler in
that section of the county. His cabin was
small, and having a large family, had he not
t.tken the precaution to build the chimney on
the outside, he would have had no room in
side. Here Mr. Gallaher and his sons toiled
fur some time, clearing out a fine farm, with
out any assurance that the neighborhood would
ir-creasc in population. Gradually settlers
came ia, and in 1819 theroadffrom Xew Wash
ington to James Ilea's was cut through. Gal
lagher and Lis family bad to undergo the same
privations which other settlers endured. Bye
was a substitute for coffee; birch, hemlock
ami other leaves supplied the place of tea.
Ha also fo'ind the same inconveniences for
want of a mill, but by hollowing out a stump
lor the reception of com. and then placing a
millet on the end of a long spring pole, so
that when it was lorced down the mallet would
stride the grain arid pulverize if, he managed
to manufacture a tolerable kind of meal, out
f vihich they could make johnny cake, or by
way ol variety, pone. Mr. Gallaher has left
in the settlement, James and other sons, who
are active, intelligent and cuterpi izing men.
liev. Thomas McGl.ee, who now resides in
iItinrore. Has the first clergyman who offici
ated in this section, he preaching at the time
it the house of Mr. Gallaher. The Rev. Tim
othy Lee, who early settled Lere, for many
years preac!:ed to the people of this neighbor
hood. Having lost bis sight, he has recently
been confined to bis house and prevented act
ing in his calling.
Those who came into this neighborhood
torn aft"r Mr. Gallaher, were John Byers,
Thomas Wilson, and Johannes Ludwig Sny
der. The latter yet lives. He is, we believe,
the only one now living in our county who was
engaged in the Revolutionary struggle. He
was born in Germany and came to this coun
try with his father's family. His lather en
gaged in the Revolutionary war, and he thus
became connected with it. We are not aware
bow long be served nor where, and bis memory
lias been for some years so much impaired
that it is impossible to learn from him suffi
cient facts to lound any statement on. Before
niovirg to this county, 3Ir. Snyder lived for
some years in the neighborhood of Lewisburg.
lie, and his wife who died recently, are re
markable for their longevity the old veteran
being now about 118 years old, and his wife
lived over 108 years. He was in the earlier
part of his life a gunsmith by trade, but latter
ly devoted himself to clearing and tilling the
soil. Honest, industrious and economical, he
r;sed a large and worthy family ; acquired
sufficient to supply his wants in the decline of
life, and secured for himself the good will and
respect of his neighbors.
Morthan a quarter of a ccntnry ago, the
head of a family living near the placid waters
of Lake George in New York, left bis hone to
explore this county. He was past the prime
tf life ; till, spare and straight as an arrow.
A wig hid the only mark .which time in its de
vastating course bad made upon the man to
indicate advance In years. He was sure and
quick of foot, capable of great muscular ex
ertion and enduranct. A keen and piercing
eye danced in bis head, and betrayed at times
other thoughts and other emotions than his
tongue expressed. His speech was quick and
plausible, having always the semblance of sin
cerity. Though be talked much, John Patchin
was close mouthed and reserved bis conver
sation having for its object to lead men out
and gain information by their casual remarks,
and in so doing be displayed much tact.
Though deficient in the knowledge of the
schools, his habits of life, his nerve, bouyancy
of hope, perseverance and fixedness of pur
pose, qualified him for the part which be was
to act in the drama of life. It was early in
1836 he made his advent here. He was alone.
Few knew aught of his antecedents, or divined
or sought to know bis errand. In passing
through the country he here and there picked
up some small groves of timber, paying a nom
inal price and getting the right to remove it
during a long period of years. His peregrina
tions made him familiar with the best timber
tracts in the country. He was then acting as
ageut or partner of Xewlin and Kodgers, two
gentlemen of wealth residing in Xew York.
Some years later he transferred his first pur
chases to these gentlemen, and commenced
purchasing on his own account. He engaged
in the mercantile business in the section which
we have mentioned above, and became one of
the most notable men therein. Ilia business
was carried on as an aid to a large lumbering
business in which he had embarked. He built
mills, opened several stores, and had a geneial
oversight of all. Tract after tract of wild, un
productive lands he has been yearly adding to
the long list which the tax books contain, and
thus increasing the load which ho had to car
ry. Whilst oihars, during the times of finan
cial embarrassments, trembled and sank, he
could only see the future big with hope and
promise, and increased his exertions. His
dreams, if .realized, must produce a colossal
fortune, the result ol a few years of steady and
well directed application. He brought his fa
mily to this county about 1848 several of his
sons having come here a few years earlier.
He now occupies and manages the most valua
ble lumbering establishment on the river, cm
bracing over 15,000 acres of the choicest vir
gin timber land in the county. Time has
dealt gently with him. He retains his vivacity
and energy. His application to business is
unremitting, and be is yet recognized as the
'spar-king." Having lost a raft, which es
caped from its mooring, Patchin traced a part
of it to a lumber yard, where they bad en
deavored to obliterate some of the marks. In
fact, it was this effort at obliteration which at
tracted his attention to the lumber. Patchin
claimed the lumber, and his ownership was de
nied. An examination of the end of the log
was made and the initials J. F. lound stamped
thereon. "There, begad," said he, "did I not
tell you it was mine. ' You may cut it up into
logs of twenty feet, ten feet, or five feet, and
I can recognize every foot of my lumber, for
when I mark my lumber I strike it so hard that
J. P. goes clear through the stick, begad."
Among the settlers of this section wo might
mention the Mc.Murrays, Mehafieys, Mitchells,
Kings, Michaels, Campbells, Sunderlaflds and
others, but we have been unable to glean any
details which we could incorporate herein.
The citizens of 4bis part of the county are
generally industrious, moral, hospitable and
well to do. To find a bead of a family who is
not connected with one of the branches of the
church, is the exception, not the rule. The
land is of good quality, and if a proper system
of cultivation is pursued, this section cannot
fail to become one of the richest and most
productivcin the county.
(TO BE COXTINCKD.)
Stpney Smith on Swearing. SydneySinith,
when travelling in a stage coach, one day,
long before railroads were dreamed of, was
terribly annoyed by a young man, who bad ac
quired the "polite" art of swearing to such an
extent that lie interlarded his discourse with
it as though it were a constituent part of the
language. As there was a lady present, the
matter was doubly annoying. After enduring
the young man's displays for some time, the
"wag, and wicar," as one of bis Cockney ad
mirers called him, asked permission to tell the
company an anecdote, and thus commenced :
"Once upon a time (boots, sugar-tongs, and
tinder-boxes) there was a King of (boots, sugar-tongs,
and tinder-boxes) England who. at
a grand ball, (boots, sugar-tongs, and tinder
boxes) picked up the Duchess (boots, sugar
tongs, and tinder-boxes) Shrewsbury's garter,
(boots, sugar-tongs, and tinder-boxes) and said
Jlonisoit qni maly (boots, sugar-tongs, and tin
der boxes) peuse, which means in English "E
vil to him who (boots, sugar-tongs, and tinder
boxes) evil thinks." This was the origin of
(boots, sugar-tongs, and tinder-boxes) the or
der of the Garter.
When Sydney Smith bad concluded, the
young gentleman said, "A very good story,
sir, rather old but what the devil has boots,
sugar-tongs, and tinder-boxes to do with it ?
"I will tell you, my young friend, when you
tell nie what "d-n my eyes," &c, has to do
with your conversation. In the meantime, al
low me to say, that's my style of swearing."
Mike came into our sanctum the other day
with a very knowing look. His first salutation
was, "Why is the Great Eastern like an Irish
girl?" We of course gave it up. "Because,'
said Mike, "on-i is the Maid of Erinf the oth
er is made of iron !" He left immediately.
"O ma!" said a juvenile to an elderly dame;
"there goes pa with a yoke of steers hitched
to a bob-sled." "Hush ! my child," said the
mother ; it is very vulgar to speak so ; you
should sav a pair of gentleman cows, attach
ed to a Robert illgh !"
THE EEGGAR A TRUE STORY.
One cold, windy morning, the last dav of
December, 1817, a half-naked man knocked
timidly at the basement door of a fine, substan
tial mansion in the city of Brooklyn. Though
the weather was bitter even for the season, the
young man had no clothing but a pair of rag
ged cloth pants, and the remains of a flannel
shirt, which exposed his muscular chest in
many large rents. But in spite of his tattered
apparel and evident fatigue, as he leaned heav
ily upon the railing of the basement stair, a
critical observer could not fail to notice a con
scious air of dignity, and tho marked traces of
cultivation and retiuement in bis pale, hag
gard countenance.
The door was speedily opened, and disclos
ed a comfortably furnished room,with its glow
ing grate of anthracite ; before which was-phir
ced a luxuriantly furnished breakfast table. A
fashiouably attired young man' In a brocade
dressing gown and velvet slippers, was recli
ning in a soft faulcnil, busily reading the mor
ning papers. The beautiful young wife had
lingered at the table, giving to the servant in
waiting, her orders for the household matters'
of the day, when the timid rap at the door at
tracted her attention. She commanded it to.
opened; but the young master of the mansion
replied that it was quite useless being no one
but some thievish beggar; but the door was
already opened, and the sympathies'of-Mrsj
Maywood enlisted at once.
"Come in to the fire," cried the young wife,
impulsively, "before you perish."
The mendicant without exhibiting any sur
prise at such unusual treatment of a street beg
gar, slowly entered the room, manifested a
painful weakness at every step. On his en
trance Mr. Maywoon, with a displeased air,
gathered up bis papers and left the apartment.
The compassionate lady unwisely placed the
half-frozen man near the fire, while she pre
pared a bowl of fragrant coffee which with a
bundant food, was placed before him. But
noticing the abrupt departure of fier husband,
Mrs. Maywood, with a clouded countenance,
left the room, whispering to the servant to re
main until the stranger should leave.
She then ran hastily up the richly mounted
staircase, and paused before the entrance of a
small laboratory and medical library, and oc
cupied solely by her husband, who wis a phy
sician and practical chemist. She opened tho
door and entered the room. Mr. Maywood was
sitting at a small table, with his head resting
on his hand, apparently in deep thought.
"Edward," said the young wife, gently touch
ing his arm, "I fear I have displeased you ;
but the man looked wretched, I could not bear
to drive him away," and her sweet voice trem
bled as she added "You know I take sacra
ment to-day.".
"Dear Maty," icplied the really fond hus
band, "I appreciate your motives. I know it
is pure goodness of heart which leads yon to
disobey me, but still I must insist upon my
former commands that no beggar shall ever
be permitted to enter house. It is for your
safety that 1 insist upon it. How deeply you
might be imposed upon in my frequent absen
ces from homo I shudder to think. The man
that is now below may be but a burglar in dis
guise, and already in your absence taking im
pressions in wax of the different key-holes in
the room so as to enter some night at his lei
sure. Your limited experience of city life,
makes it difficult for you to credit so much de
pravity. It is no charity to give to street beg
gar, it only encourages vice, dearest."
At this moment the servant rapped violent
ly at the door, crying out that the beggar was
dying.
"Come, Edward, your skill can save him, I
know," said his wife, hastening from tho room.
' The doctor did not refuse this appeal to his
professional vanity, for he immediately fol
lowed bet flying footsteps as they descended
to the basement. They found the mendicant
lying pale ami unconscious upon the carpet,
where he had slipped in his weakness from the
chair where Mrs. Maywood had soated,htm.
"He is a handsome fellow," muttered the
doctor as he bent over him to ascertain the
state of his pulse.
And he might ve.W s ty so. Tho glossy locks
of raven hair hail fallen away from a broad,
white forehead ; his closed eyelids were bor
dered y long raven lashes, which lay like a
silken fringe upon his pale bronzed cheeks,
while a delicate acquiline nose, and a square
massive. Cbin displayed a model of manly
beauty. "
"Is he daad ?" asked the young wife, seri
ously. "Oh, no, 'tis only a fainting fit, induced by
the sudden change of temperature, and per
haps the first stage of starvation," replied the
doctor S3mpathising. He had forgotten for the
moment his cold maxims of prudence, and ad
ded, "he must be carried to a room without a
fire, and placed in a comfortable bed."
The coachman was called in to assist in lift
ing the athletic stranger, whj was soon car
ried to a room, where the doctor administered
with bis own hands strong doses of port wine
with sangaree. The young man soon became
partially conscious, but all conversation was
forbade him, and he sank quietly to sleep.
"lie is doing well ; let him rest as long as
he can; should ho awake in our absence give
him beef tea and toast ad libitum," said the
doctor professionally, as he left the room.
In less than an hour afterwaids, Dr. May
wood and his wife entered the gorgeous church
of the most Holy Trinity.
Amid the hundreds of fair dames that enter
its fair portals, dressed with all the taste and
magnificence that abundant wealth could pro
cure, not one rivalled in grace and beauty the
orphan bride of the rieh physician. Her tall
graceful figure was robed in violet silk, that
only heightened by contrast her large azure
eyes, bright with the lustre of j'outh and hap
piness ; yet there was a touch of tender piety
in their drooping lids that won the confidence
of every beholder. The snowy ermine man
tilla which protected her from the piercing
wind, rivalled, but could not surpass, the del
icate purity of her complexion. Many admi
ring eyes followed the faultless figure of Mrs.
Maywood, as she moved with unconscious
grace np the central aisle of the church, but
none with more heartfelt devotion than the
young, wayward but generous man, who had
recently wed her in spite of her poverty and the
sneers of his aristocratic acquaintances.
The stately organ had pealed its last rich
notes, which were faintly echoing in the dis
tant arches, when a stranger of venerable as
pect, who bad previously taken a part in the
services ol tne atiar, rose auu auuuuun-u ma ,
text, the oft quoted, but seldom applied words .
of the apostle, "Be not forgetful to entertain
strangers, for thereby some have entertained
angels unawares."
Dr. Maywood felt bis forehead flushed pain
fully ; it appeared to him for the moment that
the preacher must have known his want of
charity towards the stranger, and wished to
give him a public lesson ; but he soon saw
from the tenor of bis remarks, that his own
guilty conscience made tho application in his
particular case. I have not space nor power
to give any synopsis of the sermon ; but that
it, combined with the incident of the morn
ing, effected a happy revolution in the mind of
at least one of its bearers ; so much so that on
the return of Dr. Maywood from church, ho
repaired at once to the room of the mendi
cant to offer such medicines as he might stand
in need of. But the young man seemed to be
much refreshed by rest and nutritious food,
and commenced gratefully thanking his host
for the kind attention he had received, which
without a doubt bad saved bis life. But I will
recompense you well, for, thank God, I am
not the beggar that I seem. I was shipwreck
ed on Friday night on the Ocean Wave, on
my return from India. My name was doubt
less among the list of the lost for I escaped
from the waves by a miracle. I attempted to
make my way to Xew York, where I have am
ple funds in bank awaiting my orders, but I
must' have perished from cold and hunger had
it not been for you and your wife's provident
charity. I was repulsed from every door as
on imposter and could get neither food nor
rest. To be an exile from ones native land for
ten years, and then,
perils of the ocean,
after escaping from the
to die of hunger in the
streets of a christian citv, I felt was truly a
bitter fate.
"My name is Arthur Willett,5' added the
stranger.
"Why that is my wife's family name. She
will be pleased at her agency i i your recovery."
"Of what State is she a native ?" asked Ar
thur Willett, eagerly.
"I marriod her in the town of B , where
she was born."
At this moment Mrs. Maywood entered the
room, surprised at the long absence of her
husband.
Arthur Willett gazed on her with a look of
wild surprise, murmering :
"It cannot be it cannot be. I am delirious
in thinking so."
Mrs. Maywood gazed with little less aston
ishment. "What painful mystery is this?" cried Dr.
Maywood excitedly, addressing bis wife, who
then became conscious of the singularity of
her conduct.
Oh, no mystery," she replied sighing deep
ly, "only this stranger is the image? of my
long lost brother, Arthur." And Mrs. May
wood, overcome with emotion, turned to leave
the room.
"Stay one moment," pleaded the stranger,
drawing a smalll mourning ring from his fin
ger, ami, holding it up asked her if she recog
nized that relic.
"It is my father's gray hair, and you are "
"His son, Arthur Willett.and your brother."
Mary Willett Maywood fell upon the mendi
cant's breast, weeping tears of sweetest joy
and thanksgiving.
Dr. Maywood retired from the room and
left sister and brother alone in that sacred
hour of re-union, saving to himself :
"Be not forgetful to entertain strangers, fbr
thereby some have entertained angels una
wares." The McFlimsevs. The Xew York Express
charged the ladies with over-dressing. Miss
Flora McFtimsey sends a letter in reply. We
quote: "I call upon you first, sir, to look at
me in my ball dress ; and I select that because
it is supposed that a woman in a ball dress is
the costliest dressed of all women. . Sir, I have
not clothes enough on, as everybody can see,
to keep a woman warm, to say nothing of what
propriety"and decency iequire. There is not
a beggar in Xew-York who does not go into
the street with more clothes than I have on ;
and yet j'ou have the impudence to abuse me,
when I reiterate with solemn truth, my "Xoth
ing to Wear." There is nothing on my arms ;
look at them, sir, lor you may as well look at
thein as nny other body in the street.
There is nothing on my arms, from mv wrists
onward and upward, as j-ou can readily see.
Eve herself in Paradise, was scarcely with less
clothing than I have here on these two arms.
Then, there is nothing on my neck, or nxt to
nothing; and if a poor, humble woman of this
world can wear less on her shoulders than I.
the Belle Flora, wear. I should like to see and
aid the poverty of that hapless woman. My
robe is looped up over my shoulders, and
hence the neck, bust, arms, &c. that God bles
sed me with when I came iuto the world, are
just as he gave them to me. Xow, sir, if you
do not blush when you see this, or when I tell
it to you, all I can say is, blushing is depart
ed from man."
Heavy forgeries have been committed dur
ing the past six weeks, on banks in Philadel
phia, amounting in the aggregate to eight or
nine thousand dollars. The Bank of Coni
merce,the Manufacturers' & Mechanics' Bank,
and the Consolidation Bank, were among the
victims. There were several persons engaged
in the forgery. The plan of operation was as
follows : One of tfie gang would go to a heavy
business establishment and buy a small bill of
goods, which be would order to be sent away
from the city. He would then tender a bank
bill of twenty dollars in payment, and ask lor
a check for the balance, as he wished to mail
that amount. The check would be given, and
a corresponding check would then be forged
for a heavy amount in the name of the firm.
The.'forgeries were generally admirably execu
ted, and they were paid without suspicion.
An excited crowd of Missourians, residing
in the vicinity of Mascoutah, Illinois, recently
found three men in their midst, with about ten
thousand dollars worth of counterfeit money
on their persons, and determined to put a stop
to such a high-banded violation of law at once,
they took two of these men before Judge
Lynch, tried, condemned and hung tbera on
the spot. The third one, being a citizen of
Illinois, and thinking it the duty of Illinois,
to honor their laws, the Missourians handed
him over to the folks of Mascoutah, to be deal'
wrtn as tney might see tit.
A man down east has invented 8d
to renovate old bachelors. 0"'ca? mke
sized, fat, greasy, old bachSVg5 ,e"fr
quite a decent man, and"ine? ?echt,
two small puppies, tr'' "
antf kettle of soft
ANIMAL 0XYDATI0N.
In the animal body the food is the fuel.
With a proper supply of oxygen we abtain the
heat given out during the oxydation or com
bustion of that fuel. In winter, when we take
exercise in a cold atmosphere, -and when, con
sequently, the amount of inspired oxygen in
creases, "the necessity for food containing car
bon and hj drogen increases in the same ratio ;
and by gratifying the appetite thus excited,
we obtain the most efficient protection against
the most piercing cold. Tho oxygen taken in
to the system is given out again in the same
form both in winter and in summer. We ex
pire more carbon at a low temperature, and re
quire more or less C3rbon in our food in the
same proportion; and consequently more is
required in Sweden than in Sicily ; and in our
own country, an eighth more in winter than in
summer. Even if an equal weight of food is
consumed in hot and cold climates, Infinite
Wisdom has ordained that very unequal pro
portions of carbon shall be taken in it. The
fruits used by inhabitants of southern climes
do not contain, iu a fresh state, more than 12
per cent of carbon, while the blubber and train
oil which feed tho inhabitants of polar regions
contain GG to 80 per centum of the element.
From the same. cause, it is comparatively easy
to be temperate iu warm climates, or to bear
hunger for a long time under the equator; but
cold and hunger united very soon produce ex
haustion. The animals of prey in the arctic
regions, as every one knows, far exceed in vo
racity those of the torrid zone. In cold and
temperate climates, the air, which iucessantly
strives to consume the body, urges man to la
borious efforts, in order to furnish means of
resistance to its action, while in the hot cli
mates the necessity of labor to provide food
is far less urgent. Our clothing is merely an
equivalent for a certain amount of food. The
more warmly Ave are clothed, the less urgent
becomes the appetite for food, because the
loss of heat by cooling, and consequently, the
amount of heat to be supplied by the lood is
diminished.
According to the preceding expositions, the
quantify of lood is- regulated by the number
of respirations, by the temperature of the air,
and by the amount of heat given off' to the
surrounding medium. The unequal loss of
heat in summer and winter, in cold and hot
climates, is not the only cause which renders
necessary the unequal quantities of food.
There are other causes which exert a very de
cided influence on the amount of food requir
ed. To these causes belong bodily exercise,
and all kinds of bodily labor and exertion.
Tho consumption of mechanical force in the
body is always equal to a waste of matter in
the body, and this must be restored in the food.
When a man or an animal works, a certain a
mount of food must be added. Increased
work and effort, without a corresponding in
crease of food, cannot be continued for any
length of time ; the health of the man or ani
mal soon gives way.
The first effects of starvation is the disap
pearance of fat. Its carbon and hydrogen have
been given off through the skin and lungs, in
the form of oxydized products. It is obvious
that they have served to support respiration.
In the case of a starving m m, Z'l ounces of
oxygen enter the system daily, and are given
out in combination with a part of the body. It
has been demonstrated clearly that the inhaled
oxygen, in the respiratory process, makes a
selection among the substances which are ca
pable of entering into combination with it. It
combines first and chiefly with those thatbave
the greatest attraction lor it. In the process
of starvation, however, it is not only the fat
which disappears, but also, by degrees, all
such of the solids as are capable of being dis
solved. In the wasted bodies of those who
have suffered starvation, the muscles are
shrunk and unnaturally soft, and have lost their
contractiltiy. Towards the end, the particles
of the brain begin to undergo the process of
oxydation, and delirium and death close tho
scene.
An official census taken in China twice du
ring the present century, at an interval of
forty years, gives the following results: The
first, taken in 1812, by order of the Emperor
Kia King, gave the number of inhabitants at
SG0,279,5'J7 ; and the second, in 1852. under
the reign and by order of the present Empe
ror, Hie n Foung, 53G,080,:J00. If these ac
counts be correct, and there is nothing to lead
to the supposition that they are not, the Chi
nese population has ia forty years increased
170,029,703.
A student in the University of Virginia,
writing from that Institntion, states that "no
vestige of the marble slab that designated the
last resting place of the author of the Declara
tion of Independence," remains to point the
spot. The visitors to his tomb.by chipping off
fragments, have completely demolished it,and
by piecemeal carried it away. An uncouth
granite pedestal, greatly disfigured, alone re
mains to mark the grave of Thomas Jefferson.
A Cattle Thief IIcxo in Kansas. A man
by the name of Barrj' Price was bung a few
days ago, in Jefferson county ,Kansas. , Having
stolen two yoke of cattle from his father-in-law,
ha fled and was pursued by a party of ten or
twelve men from that neighborhood, and ap
prehended at Iowa Point, and brought back
He managed to escape from the officers who
held him in custody, but was afterward caught
and hung until he was dead.
The following is the comparison between the
size of the Great Eastern and Noah's Ark :
Xoab's Ark (according to Xtwton), length
between perpendiculars, 6T2 leet ; extreme
bredth, So feet; height, 51 feet; tonnage.
10,.01. ureai eastern : lengtn oetween per-i
penuicuiars, oau leet ; extreme bredth, gtji-
neignt, uu feet ; tonnage, 23,032. AAfe Ark
er me ureat eastern is larger thf"
of Xoah.
. .. . - 7ng inthocitd
a little ragged nrchm-y a lady who hay
me otner aay, was asp-parents were Iivin?
miea his basket v sm the boy. "Then
"Only dad, txv your basket now to feed the
you've enoie time," said the lady. ()h
family neither," said the lad, "for dad'
no, beeps five boarders; be does the
.ae-work, and I does the market'n "
The Milan corresnondnt nr .r..-
.-.fav.ua, own iutks about the not
where he shed bis blood, and thongb oSS
HOW THEY WORK AND LIVE.
There are two brothers, Germans, mauufac-.
turers of cultery, one of whome superintends,
the manutacturing operations in Solengen
(Piussia,) and the other sells the articles at
his warehouse, Xo. 18 Cliff street, Xew York.
From the latter, Wra. Kind, Esq., we have
received the following account of the modo
in which the manufacture of cutlery in Ger
many is conducted. It gives us a striking
view of German life, showing not only in in-,
dustrial organization, but in social habits and
arrangements, some curious contrasts to those
which prevail in this country. ,. ;
Solengen is a town of some seven thousand
inhabitants, and the mechanics who make Mr.
Kind's knives and scissors live in villages
scattered round the town at a distance of from
two to four miles. The Germans all live in
villages ; they are so social that they could
not bear to live alone, iu scattered houses, as
the Americans do. From one of these villa
ges a blacksmith sends bis wife to Mr. Kind's
establishment in Solengen, for a quantity of
iron and steel, to be lorged into scissors. Tho
material is weighed and delivered to the wo
man, who puts it upon her head and carries it.
borne. After the blacksmith has forged it all .
into scissors, of sizes and forms according to
directions, bis wife puts them into a basket,
and carries them back again, on her bead, to
the ware bouse, and receives the pay lor the
work. From some other village a mechanic,
whose trade is grinding and polishing, sends
bis wife to the town to procure a quantity of
scissors to be ground and polished. After
the return from the polisher's, they go to a
third village to receive the screws and rivets ;
and sometimes to a fourth to receive an exi
tra polish. On the roads leading out from
Solengen may be seen these stout German
women, with necks as straight as an arrrow,
trudging along three to four miles, with their
ponderous burdens on their heads. The iron,
from the time it leaves the warehouses for tho
blacksmith's, till the time that the scissors aro .
finished, is carried on the top of women's
beads an average distance of 12 miles.
This plan of operations for manufacturing
differs somewhat from the course pursued in
England and the United States. Here a large
building is erected in which all the workmen
are collected together, all convenient tools and
engines are provided ; the scissors are forged
by one man, passed directly to another who
hardens and tempers them, another does the
grinding, another the polishing, and another
the riveting ; thus great division of labor is
secured, and all distant transportation ol the
material during the process of manufacture is
avoided ; all heavy work, such as driving trip
hammers and turning grindstones, being done
by steam or water power. The result is. that
a given number of mechanics will make sev
eral times as many scissors in America as the
same number will in Germany. When tho
scissors are sent into the market of the world,
those made by the Germans will bring no more
than those made by the Americans, being
worth no more- As the American produces
several times as many in the course of the
j-ear as the German does, the. American reall- .
ses several times as much for his year's labor
as the Germin does tor bis. This matter is so
plain that it is astonishing that there are peo
ple yet who cannot understand that the tcn
dejicy of labor-saving, or lather, labor-doing
machinery, is to raise the wages of labor. '
The German mechanics engaged in the manu
facture of which we have been speaking, aro
paid by the dozen, and earn from 25 to 40
cents per day.
Another feature in the case, from which the
Americans might extract a profitable lesson is
that the German will obtain more pleasure for
bis thirty cents than the American will for bis
doll ir and a half or two dollars.
While the Americans, in fierce rivalry, are
struggling lo outshine one another in foolish
display, tho Germans, content in their mutual
equality, pass their lives in friendly commune
and social enjoyment.
Use of Chemistry. Still more numerous
are the bearings of chemistry on those activi
ties by which men obtain the means of living.
The bleacher, the dyer, the calico printer, are
severally occupied in processes that are well
or ill done according as they do or do not con
form to chemical laws. The economical re
duction from their ores or copper, tin, zinc,
lead, siver, iron, are in great measure ques
tions of chemistry. Sugar-refining, gas-making,
soap-boiling, gunpowder manufacture,
are operations all partly chemical ; as are also
those by which are produced glass and porce
lain. Whether the distillers work stops at
the alcoholic fermentation or passes into the
acetous, is a chemical question on which
hangs his profit or loss; and the brewer, if bis
business is sufficiently large, finds it pays to
keep a chemist on his premises. Glance
through a work on technology, and it becomes
at once apparent that there is now scarcely any
process in the arts of manufactures over some
pu ts of which chemistry does not preside.
And thei-, lastly, we come to the fact that in
these times, agriculture, to lie profitably car
ried, on, must have like guidance. The anal
ysis of manures and soils ; their adaptati'ous
to each other; the use of gypsum or other
substance for fixing ammonia ; the i'jzation
of coprolites; the production0 artificial
manures all these are lo-- of chemistry
which it behooves the far-1" to flcqaaint him
self with. Be it in 'uc,ler match, r in
disenfected sewer.---'TKnotoSrapbs in bread
made without, -n,unUtion, or perfumes ex
tracted rirtfJZ "ff; we. y perceive that
chemist ',aln?ViulUS,rieSi and tba
.-quence, knowIed?a it i
Ladies who
bave no disno.;; . .
il..: i
...e.rnusnancls, 8honM r -":
warm sunshine will melt an 1 1. I " ?
er than arerrular
little
regular north-easter.
soon
A sweet anil
,oth o,; L75 . JI,-,w.un? woman
is loved
the , after as Wmi Wng tTit. :
spread an ttnxmjhin of i ii i v
: ft-
ft
1
i4 V- ".
is.
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