u v
if!!
BY S. B. ROW.
CLEARFIELD, PA., "WEDNESDAY, AUGUST' 24, 1859.
VOL. ,5.-AT0. 52.
I WOULD, IT I WERE YOU.
What makes you sit so silent, Tom,
. At such a time as this !
Look up and smile good brother mine
And tell me what's amiss ;
You never kept a secret yet
From little sister Loo
Come get this trouble off1 your eaiad
I would, if I were you.
Your sighing tells me you're ia love
That fact cannot doubt
Why, bless me. brother, how you blush 5
Well now the murder's out.
Nay, never look so sad. dear Tom
. Despair will never do;
Take bee J and tell the lady's name
I would, if I were you
Kate Lee I nw her very well,
And know how tie's inclined ;
You've only just to asfc and have
But lovers are so Hind.
Why, Tom. she's jtrst in love with. yoa
You'll find my words prove true,
Be stout of heart and confident,
I would, if I were ye-.
What would you sighing luvcrs do,
Without a woman's aid ?
And what on earth is there in us
To make you so afraid ?
Sow, Tom, you march nd find Miss Karc,
' And never look so blue ;
Fpeak out, and ask her like a tuna -
I would, if I were you.
fCOPTRIGnt ECCBE&-.J -
CLEARFIELD COCNTYs
OR, REMINISCENCES OF THE PAST,
Kartbansand itslegitimatcoffispruigjFrcwch
villo, should here be mentioned. About the
period of the late war, the existence of those
vast coal measures the anthracite coal ba
sins were unknown. It is true that anthra
cite coal had been discovered and a load haul
ed to Philadelphia, where it had Iain for some
years, in a cellar, neglected, its value unascer
tained, its qualities untested, and none dream
ing that at this day it should form so valuable
and indispensable an article of trade, or that
the business could ever gain its present gigan
tic proportions. Bituminous coal was in great
demand, and deposits were sought everywhere.
To open new fields to supply the increasing
demand, gave rise to the development of the
country around Karthaus, and alsooriginated
the llrst -trade of any extent, which brought
money into this county, enabled the settlers
to meet their engagements, and furthered the
rapid settlement of the countrj-. For some
rears coal had been dug in this region. 'The
coal veins were stripped ; that is, all the earth
and other articles overlaying the same, were
removed, and the coal dug. About 1800 bush
els were geneially loaded in an ark, and a
ready market found in Colombia at 37 cents
per bushel the purchaser paying about $20
for the ark. This trade engaged nearly all of
our mature male population, and many are the
anecdotes related in connection with it. We
cannot forbear giving one. Anthony Kratzer,
a very worthy man, now deceased, had reached
a well known landing place above Lock lIaT
ven Caldwell's and allowed his crew to go
to the house to order supper, whilst he attend
ed to securing his property to shore. lie soon
followed, covered with the dust of the coal.
Having washed preparatory to partaking of the
meal, for which abstinence and labor had giv
en him a keen appetite, he started for the ta
ble as soon as supper was announced. There
ho was accosted by the host, called to one
side, and informed that the gentlemen who
were eating did not want to eat at the same ta
ble with him. KrMeer's swarthy complexion,
and the dimness of the light, favored the trick,
and after an explanation and a hearty laugh,
the good-natured Anthony was acknowledged
to be as good as any other white man, and ate
alongside of his crew, relishing as well the
joke as the supper.
Loss, the agent of the Allegheny Coal Com
pany, was the introducer of the scientific mode
of extracting coal from the earth by mining.
But the discovery of the superior qualities of
anthracite coal for fuel, and the risks and ex
pense our people were put to by the erection
-of dams on the river to feed the public works
and yield facilities to local manufacturing es
tablishments below, destroyed our growing
and profitable trade, and caused our valuable
beds of bituminous coal to bs almost entirely
neglected.
When the Rev. Geiscnhainer came up the
river, among those 'who accompanied him,
were his wife, his son Frederick W.t of New
York, and John Reiter, a practical farmer from
Montgomery county, with his family of four
children who are now married and live in the
neighborhood. John Reiter, junior, married
a daughter of Hartwig Buck, a native of Ham
burg; he has nine children, three or whom are
marj.ied Michael married Miss Ammaman ;
tie has seven married and two single children.
One of the daughters was married to J. F. W.
Schnars, who had H children, two of whom
remain single, and two are deceased ; the oth
er daughter is tbewjteot Joseph Yothers, of
their children six afcinarried, three are sin
gle, and one is deceased. Mr. Reiter has been
dead for several years.
Having found an eligible spot about a mile
and a half from the river, nnder the direction
of Reiter the opening of the country for set
tlers was commenced. Nearly one hundred
acres were cleared without grubbing, and im
mediately brought under cultivation. Log
houses and a barn were built. A four feet
vein of coal was discovered within a mile of
the river, and a considerable quantity of coal
mined and sent in arks, containing about 60
tons each, to market. The rocks rcnctouig
the navigation dangerous, and there being a
lack of experienced pilots, but few loads reach
ed their destination.
In 1815, old Mr. Green, who kept a tavern
in Milesburg, acted as guide for J. F. W.
Schnars, Peter A. Karthaus and his son, who
had reached Milesburg on their way to Kart
haus. Green travelled on foot. The others
had two horses between them. They followed
an Indian path, and after leaving the Alleghe
nyjnountains, found but two families, those of
Samuel Askey and John Bechtold, on the
route. Crossing the river, they the same
night reached John Reiter's house, where was
then boarding David Dnnlap, a mill-wright,
engaged in erecting a saw-mill on the compa
ny lands, at the mouth of Little Moshannon.
These gentlemen, born in the same city, had
left Germany together. Mr.Schnars is yet one
of our community and eminently enjoys and
deserves the respect of our citizens. His has
been an eventful life. Born in 178-3, in one of
the free-hanse cities, Hamburg, he enjoyed
many advantages not the least important be
ing the attainment of a superior education.
War the world's mad history had played sad
havoc with the interests of Germany. His na
tive city invaded by the French ; the Elbe on
which it lies, blockaded by the English ; all
industrial pursuits prostrated ho turned his
eyes towards America, and in 1810, having
succeeded in reaching the Danish island, Sylt,
he embarked in the American ship Grind Sig
nior bound for Baltimore. The ocean crossed
he was employed as book-keeper by Peter
A. Karthaus, who on his arrival in this coun
try engaged himself in business as a merchant.
.Karthaus was venturesome. In December
1813, he loaded three vessels with flour, pro
visions, &c, suitable for the West India trade
and cleared them from the port of Baltimore
for St. Bartholomew. He gave Schnarrs, who
sailed in the schooner Pike, control, and sent
him out as super-cargo. The vessels commis
sioned by government bore letters of marque.
The fleet escaped a British armed vessel then
cruising in the Chesapeake bay, and reached
its destination. The cargoes were sold and
colonial produce purchased. Returning with
the Pike and the packet Bordeaux, the latter
W53 captured by the British, carried into Ber
muda and confiscated ; the Pike reached Phil
adelphia safely. In July 1814 leaving St. Bar
tholomew in the schooner Thetis he barely
escaped capture. The vessel was bound for
New York,and when just in sight of the high
lands, a British armed vessel was discovered.
After consultation it was run into Little Egg
harbor. Schnars went up to Philadelphia to
enter the goods at the Custom House and re
ceived orders to wagen them across New Jer
sey to the city. Here he remained a short time
transacting some mercantile business lor Kart
haus. He was despatched by Karthaus for
Baltimore, entrusted with a large package of
bank notes belonging to his employer, and
safely reached his lesidence on the night pre
vious to the day made notable by the fall of
vandal Gen. Ross. Immediately after the
close of the war. he embarked for Liverpool
intending to return to his home, but learning
through a correspondence with some relations
that his parents were dead and feeling no lon
ger any inducement to visit his native land he
returned to Baltimore. Since his residence
in this county he served from 1829 to 1833 as
County Commissioner and subsequently as
County Auditor. Wra. F. Barry P. M. Gen.
commissioned him as Post-master in March
1832, and the office is yet retained by him.
(TO BE COXTlNt'ED.)
Another Modern Romance. Over a month
ago, an independent farmer named Marwood
Gilbert, living at Yarmouth, Canada West,
eloped with his wife's sister, on the morning
of the day she was to have married one Henry
Locke. The friends of both parties were in
a terrible pucker, but made no pursuit. About
a week ago the truant pair returned, and the
excitement in the village grew apace. Gil
bert charged Miss Blewitt with seducing him.
and she contended the seduction was the other
way. The brothers of the girl took her home
and kept her under strict surveillance. Gil
bert could not see her, and he wrote letters
appointing meetings, &c. Finally he was
given to understand that he could see his in
amorata at a certain hour of the night. He
approached the house, a preconcerted signal
having been given, when one of the infatuated
girl's brothers shot him with buckshot through
the body, but not dangerously wounding him.
He ran off to a cottage hard by, but the in
mates knowing him, would not admit him so
he was oblidged to seek succor elsewhere- A
l.inomon rloniml him ml m itt Anr.a to his inno-
Anion." v. w ......
cent home, but took him to his (Gilbert's)
house. The brother who shot him is under
arrest, and Gilbert is trying to get well, pro
mising toshoot the whole tribe of Blewitts.
Romance Extraordinary Two individu
als, calling themselves Jack and Charlie were
recently imprisoned at Chambersburg, Pa., for
swearing. Charlie was soon discovered to be
a woman bailing from Somerset, and named
Matilda Rusheberger. She says she ran away
from Somerset, seven years ago, with Dan
Rice's circus. She donned male attire from
the time she started, and has been wearing it
ever since. Her occupation in the circus was
equestrianism and vaulting, and no doubt she
figured among Rice's "stars" as "the celebra
ted equestrian, Signor Somebody, from Fra
coni's in Paris, or Asttey's in London." She
says she is not the only female in male attire
travelling with circusses in this country.
Fuller, writing from Paris to the New York
Express, says: "I have come to the conclu
sion that the Parisian skirt, as now worn, is
made of some more flexible material than steel.
At alt events, it yields, more easily and grace
fully." Now tbo question is, how docs ho
know 1 -
THREE LOVERS. '
A PRETTY SPANISH STORY. ' '
A very handsome youth, with more charms
in his appearance than money in his pocket,
became most desperately in love with the
daughter of a rich neighbor. The fattier of
Antonio was dead, and the young" man had
speedily dissipated the little fortune that then
became his only portion : however, his worst
enemies never urged anything against Antonio,
except a few extravagances and follies, which
perhaps, were failings to an otherwise amiable
character. Finetta,the object of his affection,
was the only daughter of a rich noble, who,
perceiving in Antonio, poverty alone, forbade
his daughter, under severe penalties, not to
think of Antonio, when, in fact, she could
think of nothing else. Love is the parent of
more inventions than necessity. Antonio put
on the humble attire of a gardener, and so got
employment in the pleasure grounds of the
rich father. Never were the flowers known
to flourish so luxuriently, lor were they not to
form boquets for Finetta, who was never seen
without a fresh one in her bosom ? She took
lessons, besides, of the gardener," in his gen
tle craft. How haappy they were in such em
ployment ! The mother of Finetta complain
ed that the embroidery frame had been de
serted "When," exclaimed her daughter, "could
I hope to equal the beauty of nature's lovely
tints ? Embroidery is an Unhealthy employ
ment, whereas this balmy air, with the odor
of the flowers and shrubs, inspirits my very
heart !" The mother looked at her daughter's
blooming face, and was satisfied ; but the
father was not so easily duped, for it happen
ed there was a nosegay in every room and
there was seldom a salad for the table. The
master noticing the neglect, Antonio replied
by pointing to a beautiful bower which he was
then constructing. He was abruptly dismiss
ed on the spot, and driven out like Adam lrom
his paradise of flowers.
"In truth," said the mother, "when my
daughter thinks proper to give rings to a gar
dener, it is time he should go somewhere else
and wear them."
Finetta took to embroidery very dilligently,
and became as pale as the lily sho worked.
The father proposed falconry. Love transforms
Antonio into the master falconer; he rides by
her side; what are the charms of floriculture
to that of galloping in the breezy air 7 The
rose bloomed with tresh vigror and the chase
falconer, in gazing on them, forgot to recal
his birds from the flight. The falcon was ta
ken from his finder, on which Finetta contri
ved to place another jewel as a consolation
for his disgrace. After this, there being nei
ther gardening nor fowling to amuse her, the
languid girl fell into a state of melancholy,
that quite disconcerted her parents. They
sent for a noted physician, in spite of the fair
one's opposition, who understood her own ail
ment well enough to know that he could offer
no remedy. His visits raised the anxiety of
the watchful Antonio, who contrived to way
lay the physician and learned that he could do
nothing for her.
"Be of good cheer," replied Antonio, "I
know well her complaint, and if you will let
me have an opportunity, she shall soon eat,
drink and sleep, and be merry and glad.instead
of the poor, moping, pining, patient you pre
scribe for in vain."
He then confidentially related their mutnal
love, and the physician, being a good hearted
man, and besides finding bis advice in vain,
consented to use his interest in behalf of the
an-.ious lover. Behold Antonio as the atten
dant of the physician, waiting on the invalid
basket in hand. The new medicines had a
wonderful effect ; the physician received a
rich present from the father; and in taking
leave of the attendant,the fair Finetta slipped
a third l ing on his hand. So tenderly grateful
was the attendant, that he did not perceive
tho entrance of her father. Antonio was
thrust out of the room rather quicker than he
expected, and the fair Finetta was commanded
with a stern rebuke to her chamber. The old
lady, thereupon, asking her husband the cause
ot this sudden change in affairs, he replied
"Wife, I fear we have much trouble with
our only child, if we do not marry her forth
with. Here, I found the Doctor's man on his
knees, feeling her pulse. I presume he may
steal her hand."
"Husband," replied the lady, "thank Hea
ven, he was no lower in rank. I heard that
she bestowed a ring on that gardner who was
fonder of flowers than vegetables ; and it is
much to me if she has not bestowed some
sweet looks, at least upon our last falconer ;
he would never have dared, otherwise to look
first, as I saw him look at her one morning."
"Ah I" quothshe in grief, "would, that we
bad let her have Antonio ; my heart misgives
me that we shall be brought to disgrace on
her account. If he is poor, he is nobly born,
and have we not money enough for both ?"
Her husband wisely agreed in these sentiments;
but would Antonio be recalled ? The old
lady promised to undertake this, after a pro
per lecture to her daughter on her indiscre
tions ; she expressed her sorrow,and dutifully
wrote a letter to her lover, who came joyfully
in bis own character as a gentleman, and was
most graciously received. When the wedding
day arrived, and the company assembled, the
mother perceived with surprise, three very
handsome rings, belonging to her daughter,
on the hand of the intended bridegroom ; be
fore she could ask any questions, Antonio
took Finetta by the hand
"I think, Madame," said be to his lynxeyed
mother, "that I cau guess what is passing in
your mind. The three rings which have
caught your eye, were really bestowed by your
daughter on a gardener, a falconer, and the
attendant of a physician ; but lest any one
impeach the honor and constancy of the do
nor, know that I am ready to maintain it, in
token of which I have put on these several
jewels."
1 he hearts of the parents were so greatly
lightened by this confession, that the mar
riage was made doubly a time of rejoicing,
and the fair Finetta had never cause to regret
the tripplo wooing of the gardener, falconer,
and tho physician's attendant. .
The Pawnee Indian war in Nebraska has
ended. Gov. Black, at the he8d of 34 volun
teers, followed and attacked 1000 of the Paw
nees, defeated them with considerable loss,
and compelled them to surrender up all their
stock, ammunition, provisions, &c.
"Now do take this medicine, wife, and I'll
be banged if it doesn't cure yon-,r
Ott, I will take it, theny by air means, for
it is sure to do good one way or tBo otter."
A WIDE-AWAKE YOTJNG LADY.
About four miles from Easton, Pa., resides
a wealthy farmer, his wife and only daughter.
The latter is a dashing rustic belle, of the man
killing species, much noted for her dauntless
way'in doing things, and quick wit. Having
a bill of a local bank for one hundred dollars,
and not being able to use it, on account of the
inability of his neighbors to change it, the far
mer resolved to send it to the bank for that
purpose, and selected his daughter as carrier.
The young lady mounted a horse and rode to
Easton, but arrived there after the bank had
closed, and after offering the bill at several
stores without success, she turned the head of
her steed towards home.
She had just passed the suburbs of the city,
when "a solitary horseman" overtook her and
gave the salute courteous, with a winning air.
As he had the appearance of a gentleman, and
evinced the greatest respect tor the fair eques
trienne, she returned his salutation without
fear, and the two were soon riding sid6 by side.
The stranger expressed pleasure to find that
they were both going the same way, and made
such remarks about the landscape as led his
fair companion to believe that he was not "na
tive to the manor born ; he expatiated on the
superb blending of colors in the sunset sky,
observed that "God made the country," and
dwelt upon the contrast of the merchant's
cares and the farmer's freedom of soil. To all
this poetical disquisition the maiden did most
seriously incline, not dreaming that her com
panion was anything but a gctleman.
Smoothly ran the horseman's tongue, until
they entered a dark wood through which the
road wound, when he suddenly reined up his
horse directly across the path, and sternly de
sired the girl to ''surrender that one hundred
dollar bill she was trying to change in Eas
ton." Thinking he was trying to frighten her
with a trick, the farmer's daughter laughed
gaily in reply ; but the production of a pistol
convinced her of the true character of her es
cort, and she felt that the money must go.
But mark how slight a thing will turn the ta
bles, when circumstances all appear to tend
oneway. The poor girl drew lorth the bill
from her bosom, and was placing it in the
scoundrel's outstretched hand, when a gust of
wind blew it into the road, and the fellow was
obliged to dismount to recover it.
No sooner had he left his horse, than the
quick-witted girl applied the whip to her own
horse, and he sprang forward but not alone.
The other horse started also, and away went
tho span with one rider. With an oath the
robber dashed after them and fired his pistol ;
but the noise only frightened the animals into
a still faster gallop, and the farmer's daughter
found herself at home in double quick time.
It did not take her long to relate her adven
ture, nor was her father at all delicate about
examining the saddle-bags of the strange
horse. In them he found, besides a large num
ber of counterfeit bills, nearly fifteen hundred
dollars in good money ! The animal alone was
worth more than the amount lost, and the far
mer was well satisfied with the exchange. The
robber was probably some fellow connected
with a gang of counterfeiters that infest Cen
tral Pennsylvania, and dogged the girl in her
journey from store to store with the bill. He
has not yet claimed his horse and saddle-bags
nor is there reason to believe he ever will.
. Genius and Labor. Alexander Hamilton
once said to an intimate friend : "Men give
me some credit for genius. AH the genius
that 1 have lies just in this : When I have a
subject in hand, I study it profoundly. Day
and night it is before me. I explore it in ail
its bearings. My mind becomes pervaded
with it. Then the eOort which 1 make is what
the people are pleased to call the fruit of ge
nius. It is the fruit of labor and thought."
Mr. Webster once replied to a gentleman
who pressed him to speak on a subject of
great importance: "The subject interests
me deeply, but I have no time. There sir,"
pointing to a huge pile of letters on the tabic,
is a pile of unanswered letters, to which I
must reply before the close of the session,
(which was then three days off.) I have not
time to master the subject so as to do it jus
tice." "But Mr. Webster a few words from you
Would do so much to awaken public attention
to it."
"If there be so much weight in my words
as you represent, it is because I do not allow
myself to speak on any subject till I have
imbued my mind with it."
Demosthenes was one urged to speak on a
great and sudden emergency. "I am not pre
pared," said he, and obstinately refused.
The law of labor is equally binding on ge
nius and mediocrity.
A Clerical Horse-Thief. A couple weeks
ago, a preacher named Elijah Bowen, was ar
retted at llarrisburg, on a charge of horse
stealing. He is a man whose head is now whi
tened by the snows of more than seventy wiu
ters. Ue is a Jerseyman and has lor thirty
years past distinguished himself as the Dick
Turpin of horse-thieves. At camp-meetings
he would mount any horse he fancied and hur
ry away to parts unknown. While preaching
against the profanation of the Sabbath, he
would manage to borrow a horse to go to the
"next village" and then "appropriate" it
without any compunction. It is rather singu
lar that in the long catalogue of offences a
gainst Bowen, they are all for stealing horses
and wagons. He was once sentenced to the
New Jersey State prison. From his appear
ance, no one would for a moment suppose him
to be anything else but a very respectable,
honest man. And yet he seems to have a per
fect mania tor horses and wagons, and takes
them wherever he can find them, for the adven
ture, novelty or amusement of the business.
Mrs. Partington says that when she was a
gal. she used to go to parties, and always had
a beau to extort her home ; but now, she says,
the gals undergo all kinds of declivities, and
the task of extorting them home revolves on
their dear selves. The old lady drew down
her specs and thanked her stars that she had
lived in other days, when men could depreci
ate the worth of the female sex.
An Iowa editor said bis attention was first
drawn to the subject of matrimony, by the
skillful manner in which a certain pretty girl
handled a broom ; whereupon a brother editor
remarked that the manner in which his wife
handled a broom, was not so captivating.
Whea people apeak of their grief as being
so great they cannot drown it, the reason some
times is that it is so light that it von' sink !
VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY NO. 3.
The penetration of water into rocks 'upon
mountains covered with snow is a cause which
destroys the cohesion of their elements. It
is known that as water passes into ice it di
lates and this explains why walls,saturated with
water and exposed to intense cold in severe
nights, exfoliate and sometimes even crumble
down if they contain much humidity ; and it
explains also why masons cover recent con
structionsi with etraw. Now water in solidi
fying in the superficial beds of rocks produces
the same efiect, that is to say, seperates their
parts, which with the thaw come off, are dis
persed and carried away by the waters.
But this mechanical and incidental cause of
disintegration is not the most powerful ; there
are others which act constantly during centu
ries, minute by minute or rather second by
second, and which not being limited by time,
triumph over the resistance which bodies ap-4
parently the most unalterable, oppose to them ;
I speak of the combined chemical actions, by
which oxygen, water and carbonic acid decom
pose rocks and stones. Silica (flint) and the
silicates,despite their seeming insolubility, re
sist not the slow and continued action of wa
ter sharpened with carbonic acid. Porcelain
clay (Kaolin) owes Its property only to the sec
ular decomposition which had dissolved the
silicate of potassa and reduced the stone to
the condition of silicate of alumina. An alka
line silicate put near water saturated with car
bonic acid and in the vicinity of the roots of
plants, is decomposed, dissolved in the water
and in the end passes in the liquid state into
the tissue of the plants.
The phosphate of lime is not soluble in
pure water, but it is soluble in water contain
ing Sea salt or an ammonical salt such as the
sulphate of ammonia. It also dissolves very
well in water acidulated with carbonic acid ;
it is the same with limestone or carbonate of
lime which becomes easrfy soluble through
an excess of carbonic acid.
Since tillable land is constituted of the waste
of certain rocks its properties must depend on
the principles which predominate In the de
bris. If the earth is composed of silica or of
pure limestone it is absolutely sterile, but if
clay is mixed with it in proper proportions
there results a fruitful soil. Clay is the result
of disintegration of silicate of alumina and al
kalies, (felspar, granite, gniess. &c.) ; its in
fluence upon the life of plants is due to the al
kalies, alkaline earths and phosphates and sul
phates which it contains. This influence is
such that a single cubic metre of felspar, (sil
icate of alumina and of potash) which con
tains seventeen hundredths of alkalies, can
furnish potash during 320 years for a forest of
oaks containing 2.500 square metres.
The alumina of clay takes part in the devel
opment of plants only by its property of le
tainlng water and ammonia; and it is rarely
found in the ashes of plants. A soil as fertile
as possible is that where clay is mixed with
calcareous matter and sand in such proportions
as to give a free passage to air and moisture.
The soil in the vicinity of Vesuvius is a type
of fertilo lands. They never manure it and
they there cultivate corn without returning to
the soil that which they take from it, but they
let the land rest one year in three. Thus they
sulject it to all the vicissitudes of the season,
and certain quantity of the alkalies which
it contains are set at liberty by the decompo
sition of the superficial bed of minerals which
constitute the soil.
Why is tillage useful? Ouly in this that it
seperates the earth and multiplies the surfaces
which should be brought in contact with car
bonic acid, air and moisture, so that the re
mains of rocks constituting the. tillable land
shall receive the property of being dissoluble
of water. Stirring the soil by mechanical op
erations is not the only means of rendering the
nutritious principles there contained soluble
and fit for vegetables. The employment of
lime, spread over the surface, produces the
same result. This base combines with apart
of the elements of clay and sets free the other
parts, soluble and fit to promote vegetation.
This explains the efficiency of marls, which
are a mixture of clay and lime. The lime thus
mixed with clay, favors the action of water
sharpened with carbonic acid upon the silica,
an action which we have explained.
Lastly we shall name another method, more
expensive, but not less powerful than the oth
ers for increasing the fertility of argilaceous
lands, which is, to subject them to a slow cal
cination. The silicates then dissolve with the
greatest facility.
To resume, should we employ the plow or
the harrow, should we mix lime with clayey
land or should we calcine it, aH these means
concur in the same end, that is to say the dis
integration of the silicates of alumina and al
kalies. If clayey land oilers a compact con
sistancy, it will resist the development and
multiplication of roots. Then it will suffice
to mix with this earth a certain quantity of fine
sand, which will render it sufficiently light
and accessablej to air and water, that which
frequent tillage could not effect.
They call fallow that period of culture when
the soil is abandoned to atmospheric influences
so that it can enrich itself of- certain soluble
substances. Fallowing is-then an effort anal
ogous to tillage, addition of lime and calcina
tion. Since the concurrence of soluble silica
and alkalies is one of the principal conditions
for the prosperity of cereals, if they are not
added to the soil, a greater or less repose
should be given to it so that it may regain the
mineral substances proper for absorption. If
during tho time of resting the land that they
wish to prepare for the cereals, they cultivate
another vegetable on the same land the har
vest of which draws not silica from the soil,
this preserves its fertility for the corn which
they wish to cultivate later. This suffices to
make us comprehend the importance of rota
tion in crops by which the agriculturist can
draw from the same earth,without adding.ma
ny successive crops of different vegetables
whieh he alternates according to the difference
in the quality of mineral, substances which
each of them extract from the soil in develop
ing themselves.
The Wiv to do it. If you want to keep
your town from thriving, turn a cold shoulder
to your mechanics, or new beginners in busi
ness ; look upon every newcomer with a jeal
ous scowl; discourage all you can , last, tho'
not least, refuse to take your county paper
and don't you advertise.
An old lady down East having kept a hired
man on liver nearly a month, said to him one
day, "Well, John, you don't seem to like liv
er." "Oh yes,'' said John, "I like liver well
for fifty or sixty meals,but not as a steady diet.'
MAKING BUTTER.
As this is the season when most butter" is
made, some useful directions for making and
treating it will hot be out of place. In the
transactions of the Ohio State Agricultural
Society, we find some remarks on the subject,
which ara worthy of wide spread circulation.
Churning. The cream should bo brought
to the temperature of from. 62 to 65 degrees
Fahr. and churned. Experience has proved
that such a stroke of the churn dachas will
bring the butter in about thirty minutes, makes
the besti At a temperature of about 62 de
grees Fahr., from fifty to sixty strokes of tho
dash per minute will accomplish this result, if
care is taken to strike the top of the cream
and the bottom of the churn at every stroke.
If the churn be filled so that .the dash cannot
strike the top of the cream, the operation can
scarcely be accomplished at all. Rapid churn
ing should be avoided at the commencement,,
though the motion may be accelerated after
the cream curdles. The butter, when suffi
ciently gathered by churning, should be trans
ferred with a wooden ladle to a wooden bowl.
Making the Bctter. After the butter is
taken from the churn, it should be skillfully
worked until nearly all the milk is out of it.
And here arises the mooted question, whether
cold water should be used in the process ;
whether the butter may be washed t . Experi
euce has proved that if the milk can be ex
pelled without water, the taste of the butter
will be superior ; but the buttermilk must bo
expelled at all events ; and a free use of cold
water will more certainly and speedily accom
plish this object than any other means; and all
other things being right, water-washed butter
will be very good. The keeping quality of
butter without washing is thought by many to
be best. When the buttermilk is pretty well
worked out, such a quantity of salt sbonld bo
added as suits the tastes of those who are to
be its consumers. Some give seven-eights of
an ounce of salt to a pound of butter as a rule;',
it should be thoroughly incorporated with the
butter at its first working. The butter must
be subjected on the ensuing day to a second
working ; these two may suffice for present
consumption, but for butter, . intended to bo
kept, a third working on the third day will
be necessary. A 'machine butter-worker will
very much aid in the second and third work
ings. The great cause of butter becoming
rancid is milk left in it, therefore unless it
is entirely removed, the butter will soon be
come miserable in quality.
Packing. For keeping butter, for family
use, no vessel is preferable to earthenware
crocks. In these pack the butter in layers of
such thickness as will be convenient for use ; :
sprinkling a little salt between each layer, for
convenience in extracting the butter foTUse
Continue until the crock is nearly full; then
cover with a fine muslin cloth, on which placo
a layer of salt half an inch thick; then fill
with strong brine, and cover with a lid, and'
the work is done.
Brcpder JonNsoN Goin' Up. A ffiend of
ours who once attended a sable "night meet
ing" thus reports: Then Mr. Johnson arose
and exhorted substantially as follows : "Brud
dren, I'm gwine to gib you a sample ob de
pious man and de onpious man. Now1, you'
are de onpious, and where do ye 'spose ye'll
go to when ye die ? I know! Ye'll go down,
down into de pit ! (Tremendous sensation, '
Yes, and dar ye'll burn, and burn, foreberr.
No use hollerin dar cause ye can't get out f
(Shuddering throughout the meeting.) But,
bruddren, war shall I go," resumed the speak
er, rolling up his eyes. "I shall go np,up,upy
and de Lord'll see me cummin, and he'll say,
"Angels, make way dare." And de angels'It
say, "What fur, Lord, what fur?" : And den?
de Lord'll speak up sharp, and say "I tell ye,
angels, make way dar, don't you see 1 John
son's cummin !' "
A Bare-Headed Parts'. On Saturday eve
ning, says the Troy (N.Y.) Whig, while some
gentlemen were spending a social hour at a
highly respectable residence down town, one
of the light-fingered gentry entered the hall
and carried off their hats, of various qualities,
from common straw up to white beaver. Tho
hat market "riz" immediately, upon the bare
headed procession arriving up town". .-
There is a man up in I?eHii, New York, wlit
boasts that he never took a newspaper, and
the same knowing "critter" says that Santa
Anna, if he persists in his struggle with Rus
sia, will be sure to lose all the territory of the
Bosphorus, and be excluded from the naviga
tion of the Amazon sea. ' '
A desperate fight came off some weeks
since in Oregon between a noted trapper and
an Indian "brave." They fought with knives',
aud were both badly wounded, when the fray.
per grappled and threw his antagonist, and
then cut his throat from car to ear.
One of our citizens of "credit and renown,"
says the Belfast Journal, while ruf'lizjng a
few days since, unconsciously sat dowa on a'
bumblebee's nest. He had, for a moment, a re
alizing sense ot what "the seat of. war" means,
about which so much talk is-made:
Eighteen thousand sheep an unprecedent
ed number were received in New York last
week. The extreme drought has parched tbo
grass, and induced the owners to' send them
to market.
Within iUa. l : n. ; t o r Vw "V--b- tv, . ,.'
420 churches. The aggregate salaries of tb;e
pastors of these churches amount to $620',000
or aii average of about $1750 dollar fper an
num each. . '. ' -
The Rajah of Cashmere' has sent a tent of
shawls as a present to Quen Victoria wjtb. a
bedstead ot carved -gold, the- whole valuecL at
9 150,000. A present worth having, thauTl
The Edinburg Witness gives an accountW
the recent assemble of forty thousand per-sons-at
a protestant prayer, meeting ia the
open air, at Belfast, Ireland. , . , ,
Thft VplIflW fnrar livnlr. . ' ' . '
V. w - vi u k recenuy in two
small Mexican towns on the Rio Grande, and
in three days two hundred and forty!thrco
persons died of it. - ..f ,j -
It is a general remaTTthat all clMSe3 of pe-
We think the lawyers must be excepted r they
sell theirs. - - .
Euautiful was the reply of a venoleman"
of the liviuj "No, but I am almost thcre!. '