1 "X ". r-
I
BY S. B. ROW.
CLEARFIELD, , WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 22, 18-50.
VOL. 3.-KO.10.
flLf
LJ IB III V5tf J ITJ fcrl
THK BLOODY LAWS OF KANSAS.
Freedom of speech and freedom of the Press
re guaranteed by the Constitution. The Lo
cofoco leaders claim that they wish to sustain
the Constitution. Below we give one of the
acts of "the bloody code of Kansas." It in
fringes upon both the above constitutional
rights. And yet Mr. Buchanan and the De
mocracy are bound to uphold these laws, which
the National Intelligencer says "arc a disgrace
to the country and its free institutions, and a
greater invasion of public liberty than were
the acts which brought the head of Charles I.
to the block." The Administration have or
dered the entire disposable force of the Army
there, to aid the Border Rufhans and Slavery
propagandists to enforce these laws at the
point of the bayonet, and never to cease until
the Free State Settlers are exterminated by
the employment at once of all the power anil
vigor of the military and the Southern marau
ders in that, region.
The following law was passed by the Border
Ruffian Legislature, and is now being enforced
upon the doomed people of Kansas at the
point of the bayonet by the United States
troops. Head it thoroughly.
.indict to punish Offences against Slave Properly :
Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the Governor'and
Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Kan
as, That every person, Iwmd or free, who shall
be convicted of actually raising a rebellion or
Insurrection of slates, free negroes orinulat
toes in this Territory Suall SiFFtn DEATH.
Sec. 2. Every free person who shall aid and
assist in any rebellion orinsurrcctioc of slaves,
free negroes or mulattocs, or shall furnish
arms, cr!i any overt act in furtherance of
bucH rebellion or insurrection, Suall Siffek
DEATH.
Sec. 3. If any free person shall, by speak
ixo, writixg or rm.NTi.vG, advise, persuade or
induce any slaves to rebel or conspire against
any citizen of this Territory, or shall bring in
to, print, write, publish or circulate, or cause
to be brought into, printed, written, published
or circulated, or shall knowingly aid or assist
in the bringing into, printing, "writing, pub
lishing or circulating in this territory any
book, paper, Magazine, pamphlet or circular,
for the purpose of exciting insurrection on
tho part of the slaves, free negroes or mulat
toes, against the citizens of the Territory, or
any part of them, such person shall be guilty
or FKLOXT AXD SUFFER DEATH.
Sec. 4. If any person shall entice, decoy or
carry away out of this Territory, any slaves
belonging to another, with the intent to de
prive the owner thereof of the services of such
slave, oi with intent to effect or procure tho
freedom of such slave, he shall be adjudged
guilty of grand larceny, and on conviction
thereof shall si-tfer DEATH, or be impris
oned at hard labor for not less than ten yeurs.
- Sec. 5. If any person aids or assists in enti
cing, decoying, or persuading, or carrying u
way or sending out of (his Territory any slave
belonging to another, with intent to procure or
effed the freedom of such slave, or with intent
to deprive the owner thereof of the services '
of such slave, he shail bo adjudged guilty of
grand larceny, and ou conviction thereof suall
ilffei DEATH, or be imprisoned at hard la
tor for not less than ten years.
Sec. C. If any person shall entice, decoy, or
carry away out of any State or Territory of
the United Stotes, any .slave belonging to an
other, villi intent lo prccure or effect the freedom
of inch stare, or to deprive the owner thereof
of the services of such slave, in this Tcrrrto- :
ry, lie shall bj adjudged guilty of grand lar- !
.ceny, in the same manner as if such slave had j
been enticed, decoyed or carried a way out of j
the Territory, and in such case the larceny j
may be charged to have been committed in
any county of this Territory, into or through '
which such slave shall have been brought by I
such person, and on conviction thereof, the
person ofiending shall si fter DEATH, or be j
imprisoned at hard labor for not less than ten I
years. !
Sec. 7. If any person shall entice, persuade j
or Induce any slave to escape from the ser- j
vice of bi master or owner in this Territory, !
or shall aid or assist any slave escaping from j
the service of his master or owner, or shall as
sist, harbor or conceal any slave who may have !
escaped from the service of his master or own- j
er, lie shall be deemed guilty of felony, and
punished by imprionmcut at hard labor for not
It than fire yeas.
Sec. 8. If any person in this Territory shall
aid or assist, harbor or conceal any slave who
has escaped from the service of his master or
owner in another State or Territory, such per
son Shall be punished in like manner as if such
slave had escaped from the service of his mas
ter or owner in this Territor-.
Sec. 0. If any person shall resist any officer
whilst attempting to arrest any slave that may
have escaped from the service of bis master
or owner, or shall rescue such slave when in
custody of such officer or other person who
may have such Slave in custody, whether such
Slave has escaped from the service of bis mas
ter or owner in this territory or in any other
State or Territory, the person so offending
thall be guilty of felony and punished by impris
.ontnent at hard labor for a term not less than two
year.
Sec. 10. If any marshal, sheriff", or consta
ble, or the deputy of any such olEcer, shall,
when required by any person, refuse to aid or
assist n the arrest and capture of any stare that
may have escaped from the service of his mas
ter or owner, whether Mich Slave shall have
scaped from his master or owner iu this Ter
ritory or any other State or Territory, such of
ficer shall be fined in a sum of no: less than
one hundred nor more than five hundred dol
lars. Sec. 11. If any person print, write, introduce
into, publish or circulate, or cause to be brought
into, printed, vri'ten, published or circulated, or
shall knowingly aid or assist in bringing info,
Vrintihg, publishing or circulating within this
Territory, any loo!c, paper, pamphlet, maga
zine, handbill or circular, containing any
TA.TIMEXT, ARGfMEXT, OPINION, SEKTIMEXT,
fcocraisr., advice or intexdo, calculated to
produce a dissatisfaction among the slaves
in this Territory, or to induce such Slaves to
escape from the service of their masters, or
resist thir authority, he shall be euiltti of fel
ony, and be punished by imprisonment at hard
LA"0R; term not less than five years. j
C I AST FREE TERSOX, BY SPEAKING
OR WRITISO, ASSERT OR MAINTAIN THAT PERSONS j
HAVE NOT THE RIGHT TO HOLD SLAVES IN TniS !
wr"0"' r shaU "dioduce into this Terri- I
lory, PBIXT, PUBLISH, wmxp riprri.Tir. OR !
LArT BE WRtTTES, VRIXTED, rCBLISUED OR
irotlatbd n thu tsrritort, any book, pa-
f per, magazine, pamphlet, or circular, contain
ISO AKY DENIAL OF THE 4 RIGHT OF PERSONS TO
HOLD SLAVES IN THIS TERRITORY, such DC! sons
shall be deemed euil'u of felony, and tmuithed
by imprisonment at hard labor for a term not
I . I J
less man two years.
Sec. 13. nerson who is conscipntinnsTv
opposed to holding of Slaves, or vho does not
aamii ine ngm 10 noia staves tn litis territory,
shall sit as a Juror on the trial of anv uroseiMi.
tion for the violation of any of the sections of
this act.
This act to take effect and be in force from
and after the 18th dav of Sent. A. I). 18."..
Signed J. II. Stringfellow, Speaker of tho
House. Attest, J. I.I. Lyle, Clerk. Thomas
Johnson. President of the Council. Attest,
j. uaiaerman, Clerk.
BUCHANAN AND LOW WAGES.
On the 22nd January 1840, Mr. Buchanan
made a speech in the United States Senate,
(vide Congressional Globe, for Jan. 1840, pp
13-3-6, or Niles' Register vols. G7 and C8,) in
which the following passages occur:
"In German)-, w here the currency is purely
metalic, and the cost of everything is kedic.
ed to a hard money standard, "It piece of broad
cloth can be manufactured for fifty dollars.the
manufacture of which, in our country from the
expansion of paper currency would cost one
hundred dollars. What is the consequence?
The foreign French and Geiman manufacturer
imports this cloth into our country and sells it
for a hundred. Does not every person per
ceive that the redundancy of our currency is
equal to a premium of one hundred per cent
in favor of the manufacturer.
"Xo tariff of protection, unless it amounted
to prohibition, could counteract these advan
tages in favor of foreign manufactures. .
would to heaven that I could arouse the atten
tion of every manufacturer of the nation to
tins important subject.
"What is the reason that, with all these ad
vantages and with the protective duties which
our laws afford to the domestic manufacture of
cotton, we cannot obtain exclusive possession
of the home market, and successfully contend
lor tlio markets of tuc world ? It is simnlv
because wc manufacture at the nominal prices
oi our own nutated currency, and are compel
led to sell at the real prices of other nations
Rsruce ora nominal to the real standard of
rnicEs throughout the world, and rou cov
er ora country with blessings and renefits.
'The comparative low prices of France
and Germany have afforded such a stiniulous
to their mannfactaj-es.that ther are now rapid
ly extending themselves, and would obtain
possession, in no small degree, even of the
English home market, if it were not for
their protective hcties. While British man
ufactures are now languishing, those of the
continent are springing into a healthy and
iigoroui existence."
Having thus given Mr. Buchanan's own
smooth and polished language, let us see what
is Hie meaning of it in plain English, when he
says '-'reduce our nominal standard of prices
throughout the whole world, and you cover
t'ie country with blessings and benefits."
Now, what did Mr. Buchanan mean by this
language, if he meant anything, but that our
standard of prices should be reduced to that
of the hard money currency of Europe 1 And
what is the European standard then, to which
he desired our own to be reduced ? Accord
ing to t'ie best authorities on that subject,
Porter's Progress and Wade's History of the
Middle and Woiking Classes, two recent pub
lication's, containing statistics collected by
the British Government, the standard of pri
ces for labor iu Europe, is as follows :
15'ugej in France. Calais common laborers
7 Jd, per day, with board, and without dwel
ling ; Boulogne, 5d. per day, do. do. ; Nantes,
8d, per day, without board and without dwel
ling ; Marseilles. 4d. to 7d. per day,with board
and " itlioiit dwelling. The food in some dis
tricts "consists in rye bread, s up made of
millet, cakes made of Indian corn, 7io;e and
then some salt provisions and vegetables, rare
ly, if evcr.butcher's meat." In others,"wheat
;n -jread, soup made with vegetables, and a
little grease or lard twice a-day, potatoes, or
other vegetables, but seldom butcher's meat."
Sweden. "The daily wages of a skilled ag
riculturist are 7d. or 8d. ; while the unskilled
obtain io more than 3d. or 4d. and board
themselves. Agriculturists iu the southern
provinces live upon salt fish and potatoes ; in
the northern provinces, porridge and rye bread
form their food."
Bavaria. "Laborers arc paid at the rate of
8d. per day, in the country," without board..
Belgium. "A skilled artizan mav earn, in
Summer, Is. 2. to Is. 5d. ; in Winter, from
lOd. to Is. 2-1. ; unskilled, half as much,with
out board ; live upon rye bread, potatoes, and
milk." Agricultural laborers have less.
Germany. "Dantzig. laborers, 4Jd. to 7d.
per day, without board ; Muhlburg, 7d. per
day, without board; Ilolstein, 7d. per day,
w.thout board."
Netherlands. South Holland laborers, 3d.
to 4J. per day, with bonrd ; North Holland,
20d. per day, without board ; Antwerp fid. per
day, do. ; West Flanders, 06s, to lt4s. per
per year, with board."
Italy. "Trieste laborers, 12d. per lay,w"rth
out board ; do. Cd. per day,with board ;"lstr;a,
8d. to lOd. per diy, without board ; do. 4d. to
5d. per day, with board ; Lombardy, id. to 8d
a day, do ; Genoa, rnl. to 8d. per day, do, and
without lodgings; Tuscany, Gd. per" day,with
out either."
Saxony. "In 18G7 a man employed in his
own loom working very diligently from Mon
day morning to Saturday night, from 5 o'clock
in the morning until dusk, and even at times
with a lamp, his wife assisting him in finishing
and taking him the work, could not possibly
earn more than 20 groschen (about GO cents)
per week. Nor could one w ho had 3 children
aged 12 years and upwards, all working at the
loom as well as himself, with bis wife employ- I
ed doing up the work, earn in the w hole more
than SI weekly." . t j
These arc facts which speak for themselves, i
This is the doctrine of James Buchanan, in
IS 10. Ten cents is about the( average stand- j
ard of European labor. Ancl it is to this
standard he wished ours to be reduced. How
do you like it, ve honest laboring men of
Pennsylvania?
HEAD AND PONDER !
THE W"W ' SE2I0CSATIC" DOCTBIW E.
Slavery not to be Confined to the Kero Eace,
out io oe inaae me universal uonaition oz
the Laboring Classes of Society.
Tho people of the Free States have so long
yielded to the arrogant demands of the Slave
Oligarchy in the South,that tho latter has come
to think it can carry, any measure it sees fit,
no matter how degrading it may be to the char
acter of the free while men of the North.
Not many years ago, the Southern slave
holders were content to have their "human
chattels" protected in the States where they
held them.
Next, they demanded and secured fire Slave
States from acquired territory, (Louisiana, Flo
rida, Arkansas, Missouri, and Texas,) while the
Free States have ouly'iTieured two, Iowa and
California.
Next, the Slave power demanded all the ter
ritories, and broke down the Missouri Com
promise, which secured a part of those terri
tories to free labor.
Next, they demanded the right to come into
therce States with their slaves whenever they
choose, and stay as long as they please ; and
the United States Courts seem about to vield
to them, and grant this outrageous demand.
But the last, the crowning, the diabolical as
sumption is, that Slavery is not to be confined
to tho NEGRO RACE, but must be made to
include laboring WHITE MEN also. This
doctrine, which is so monstrous and shocking
as almost to seem incredible, is now openly a-
vowed and defended by very many of the news
papers and of the public men of the South
that support James Buchanan. .The doctrine
is also proclaimed by some Northern newspa
pers of the so-called Democratic party, but
not generally with such boldness as in the
South. To show the exact extent and nature
of the doctrine of enslaving WHITE MEN,
the following extracts from Buchanan papers,
and from the speeches of Buchanan men, are
given :
The Richmond Hxaminer ona of the leading
Democratic papers m Virginia, ardently sup
porting Mr. Buchanan, holds tho following lan
guage in a late issue :
"Until recently, the defence of Slavery has
labored under great ditllculties, because "its a
pologists (for they were mere apologists) took
half-way grounds. They confined the defence
of Slavery to mere negro Slavery ; thereby
giving up the Slavery principle, admitting oth
er forms of Slavery to Iks uvea?.
"The line of defence, however.is now chang
ed. The South now raaiiitains.that Slarery is
right, natural and necessary, cud does not de
pend upon difference of complexion ! The laws
of the btave Mates justify the holding of
WHITE MEN in bondage."
The CharlestoniSrrcury, the leading Buchan
an paper in South Carolina, says :
"Slavery is the natural and normal condi
tion of the laboring man, whether WHITE or
black. The great evil of Northei nfrec socie
ty is. that it is burdened with a servile class of
MECHANICS and LABORERS, unfit for set f-
goeerutnenf, awd yet clothed with the attributes
and powers of citizens. Master and slave is a
relation in society as necessary as that of pa
rent and child ; and the Northern States will
yet have to introduce it. Their theory of free
government is a delusion."
There's "Democratic" doctrine foryou,with
a vengeance ; "our theory of free government
a delusion," "laboring men, w hetber white or
black, to be slaves ?" Verily, matters are com
ing to a pretty pass with us.
The Richmond (Va.) Enquirer, Mr. Buchan
an's confidential organ, and considered by the
"Democratic" party as its ablest paper in the
South, speaks as follows in a recent number :
'Repeatedly have wc asked the North, 'has
not the experiment of universal liberty FAIL
ED I Are not the evils of FREE SOCIETY
INSUFFERABLE ? And do not most think
ing men among you propose to subvert and re
construct it V Still no answer. This gloomv
silence is another conclusive proof, added to
many other conclusive evidences we have fur
nished, that free society, in tho long run, is an
impracticable form of society ; it is every
where starving, demoralized, and insurrcciion
ary. "We repeat, thes, that policy and humanity
alike forbid the extension of the evils of free
socie'y to new people and coming generations.
"1 wo opposite and conflicting forms of so
ciety cannot, among civilized men, co-exist
and.endure. The one must give way and cease
to exist. The other become universal.
"If free society be unnatural, immoral, un
christian, it must fall, and give way to a slave
society a social system old as the world, uni
versal as man."
And the South Side Pemocrat, another pro
minent Buchanan paper, in Virginia, whose
editor was supported for Clerk of the House
of Representatives, by the Democratic mem
bers of the present Congress T. J. D. Fuller,
of Maine, among them abuses everything
FREE after this stvle :
"We have got to hating everything with the
prefix FREE, from free negroes down and up
through the whole catalogue FREE farms.
FREE labor. FREE society, FREE will, FREE
thinking, FREE children, and FREE schools
all belonging to the same bnnod of damna
ble isms. But the worst of all these abomina
tions is the modern svstem of FREE Schools.
The New England system of free schools has
been the prolific cause and source of the infi
delities and treasons that have turned her ci
ties into Sodoms and Gomorrahs, and her land
into the common nestling-places of howling
bedlamites. We abominate the system because
the SCHOOLS ARE FREE."
Tho Washington Union, the National Organ
of the "Democratic" party, says that the hon
est and heioic FREE LABORING MEN of
Kansas . . ...
"Are tMISERABLE, BLEAK-EYED BAB
BLE, who have been transferred like SO MA-
N V CATTLE to that country."
The New York Day Book, one of the two
papers In New York City that support James
Buchanan, proposes to enslave poor AMERI
CANS, Germans and Irish, who may fall into
poverty and be unable to support their fami
lies. Hero are the Day Book's exact words in
speaking of the POOR WHITE PEOPLE :
"Stdl the parents of these children into
SLAVERY. Let our Legislature pass a law
that whoever will take these parents and take
care of them and their OFFSPRING, in sick
ness and in health clothe them, feed them,
and house them: shall be legally entitled to
their services ; and let the same Legislature de
cree that whoever receives these parents and
their CHILDREN, and obtains their services,
shall OWN THEM AS LONG AS THEY
LIVE."
The Richmond Enquirer, of a very recent
date, contains the following very 'high' opin
ion of the people of the North :
"AVe can bring the capital 6mployed in
manufactures, and most of it employed in com
merce, South, when we please. We can trans
fer Manchester, and Birmingham and Lowell
to the South, and thus in a single year, quad
ruple the wealth of the South. But we would
not have your rich, vulgar, licentious bosses,
and your brlal,ignoruut and insubordinate fac
tory hands in our midst, for all the wealth of
"Ormus and of Ind." We are as rich as we
care to be. We would not exchange our situ
ation for the vulgar sensuality and brutality of
the "iwiiceaux riches," the coarse parvetiues,
the millionaire cotton factors and grocers of
thu North or of England, much less for tho
countless millions of paupers and criminals, who
lift up and sustain the cowardly, selfish, sensual,
licentious, infidel, agrarian, and revolutionary
edifice of fee society."
The Muscogee, Alabama, Herald, an enthu
siastic Buchanan paper, delivers itself as fol
lows :
"Free society ! we sicken at the name.
What is it but a conglomeration or GREASY
MECHANICS, FILTHY OPERATIVES,
SMALL FISTED FARMERSand moon struck
theorists? All the Northern and especially
the New England States are devoid of society
fitted for well-bred gentlemen. The prevail
ing class one meets with is that of mechanics
struggling to be genteel, and small farmers do
ing their own drudgery ; ind who are not fit
for association with a Southern gentleman's
(nigger) body-servant. This Is your free so
ciety which the Northern hounds are endeav
oring to extend into Kansas."
So much for extructs from "Democratic"
newspapers. Now for a lew from Democratic
speeches :
S. W. Downs, late Democratic Senator from
Louisiana, in an elaborate and carefully pre
pared speech, published in the Waslington
Globe, says :
"I call upon the opponents of Slavery to
prove that the WHITE LABORERS of the
Nirth are as happy, as contented, or as com
fortable, as the Slaves of the South. In the
South the slaves do not sutler one-tenth the
evils endured by the white laborers of the
North. Poverty is unknown to the Southern
slave ; for as soon as the master of slaves be
comes too poor to provide for them, he SELLS
them to others, who can take care of them.
This, sir, is one of the excellencies of the sys
tem of slavery, and this the superior condi
tion of the Southern slave over the Northern
WHITE laborer."
According to Mr. Downs, then, (good Dem
ocratic authority,) all that the Northern white
laborer requires is somebody to sell hint when
be falls into poverty. Admirable philanthro
py ! Beautiful democracy ! !
Senator Clemens, of Alabama, declared in a
speech in the U. S. Senate,- that
"The operatives of New England were not
as well situated nor as comfortably off as I tie
slaves that cultivate the rice and cotton fields
of the South."
In a recent speech by Mr. Reynolds, Piercc-
Buchanan-Dcmocratic candidate for Congress
from Missouri, that gentleman distinctly as
serted that
"The same construction of the power of
Congress to exclude Slavery from a United
States Territory, would Justify the Govern
ment in excluding foreign-born citizens Ger
man and Irish as well as niggers.
Here a Missouri Democrat classes German
and Irish indiscriminately with Negro slaves.
Mr. L. II. Goode, another Atchison Demo
crat of Missouri, in a recent speech against the
Free State men of Kansas, denounced the la
boring men as "WHITE SLAVES !"
Senator Butler, (the uncle of "Assassin"
Brooks,) a shining light in the Democratic ga
laxy, declared in a speech in the UnitedStatcs
Senate this session
"That men have NO RIGHT TO VOTE un
less they are possessed of property, as required
by the Constitution of South Carolina. There
no man can VOTE unless he owns TEN NE
GROES, or real estate to the value of Ten
Thousand Dollars.
And this is the doctrine "Democracy," so
called, would introduce into Pennsylvania.
JAMES BUCH ANAN,the Presidential can
didate of the men and of the party who hold
these odious views, advocated the doctrine of
reducing the WAGES of AMERICAN OPE
RATIVES and LABORERS to the Euiopean
standard, which is known to be about TEN
CENTS A DAY. What a fit candidate Mr. Bu
chanan is for those who would make WHITE
MEN slaves!
JAMES BUCHANAN is the Representa
tive and Advocate of the extension of SLAVE
LABOR.
FREEMEN OF PENNSYLVANIA ! . Are
you prepared to cast your votes for a man
who entertains such doctrines 7
Thebe aee two eventful periods in the life
of women : one, when she wonders who she
will have the other who will have her. The
first occurs at sixteen, the second at forty.
LIFE.
I wnlkcd tlio earth in life's spring time,'
With guiltless trusting heart.
And dee mod its towers would never f ado,'
. Their sweetness? ne'er depart ; . .
I quaffed tho cup of pleasure deep,
With many dangers rile,
And with a childish faith exclaimed
How beautiful id life
Aronnd I saw but nature's wealth
In. rich profusion lio.
My soul drank in the brantiful
Of earth, and air, nnd fkr,
And gentle words nnd pleasant smiles
I met with everywhere;
Tho world w-omcd full of liviDg heorU,
And life, indeed, wua fair.
And then came love, with fervent vows,
To add one pleasure more
My heart with joy o'crflowing was,
It had been full before.
And oh, it came with dove-liko wing.
And nestled fondly there
I welcomed it hope sweetly smiled,
And life was very fair.
But time passed on and youth's promised joys,
Atuiy approaching tied,
Life's fairest flowers, their sweetness gone,
Lay withered 'ncath my tread.
I suw their sad stems droop
And blacken one by or.c, y
As roses fado and piue cway
When suaded from the sun. .' I ;
Tho love I gave was returned awhile
With a pulsion wild and deep,
Until a careless lip betrayed tho change,
And I ALONE urn left to weep.
Oh. now I see earth's beauty marred
And foel that bitter slrifj
Tho charm is broken now I sigh
Then, this id earnest life.
In gentle tones I've said,
May I thy pathway cheer ?
Thou art my life my guidir.g stsr
My world my pleasure here.
Xo. I must battle on, ai.onk,
Life's never ending strife.
The dove haj flown, alone I WEEP
At weary, aimless life.
TIIE STAR SPANGLED BANNER.
If the French hymn of Liberty, the Marsel
laise, was composed under exciting circum
stances, the Star Spangled Banner was inspir
ed by events no less patriotic by our distin
guished countryman; Mr. Francis Scott Key,
an able and eloquent lawyer, an accomplished
gentleman, a man of noble and generous im
pulses. During the war with the British in
1814, Mr. F. Scott Key was residing in Balti
more, and hearing of the detention of a dear
and intimate friend he started to obtain his re
lease. He went as far as the mouth of the
Patapsco river, which enters the Chesapeake
Bay, and is about eighty-five miles north of
the Potomac river. Here he was arrested and
carried on board a British man of war belong
ing to the British fleet stationed at Fort Mc
Henry, the bombardment of which be was
compelled to witness. The English Admiral
boasted before Mr. Key that lie would take
the Fort in a few hours, and the city of Balti
more within the two succeeding days. The
bombardment continued dnring the whole
day and following night, without making an
impression either on the strength of the works
or the spirit of the garrison.
Our patriotic countryman stood on the deck
watching, through the smoke that sometimes
obscured it, the bauuer offrecdom waving
over the fort. At length night came and he
could see it no more. Still he watched, until
at length dawn began to bring objects around
into distinctness. With a beating heatt he
turned towards the fort, and there, waving in
the morning breeze, high and uninjured, was
the banner, with its stars and stripes, the ban
ner of freedom ancl independence, then in its
early days. It was at this moment of joy and
triumph that Francis Scott Key, under the in
fluence of patriot excitement, composed the
Star Spangled Banner. After Mr. Key had
been liberated, and the British had retired
from Fort McIIenry, without attempting the
attack on the city of Baltimore, he completed
his patriotic hymn, which wa enthusiastically
received then, and has ever been considered
as one of the national songs of our country.
Ax Error. English travellers generally re
present the Americans as a debilitated, degen
erate and sickly race, and the nonsense is reit
cratod in this country by those who ought to
know better. It is a little singular Uiat such
an enfeebled race should have accomplished
more physical labor in subduing an entire con
tinent in less than two centuries than all the
nations of Europe have effected for their own
countries in the same time. Physically, mor
ally and mentally there is no more vigorous
race than the Americans on tho face of the
globe. They live as long, areas hardy .and
well developed, can endure as great an amount
of fatigue, and accomplish as much labor,men-
tally and physically, as any other people
They have peopled a continent and cultivated
it till it produces abundance, have traversed it
with railroads and telegraphs, built up a com
mercial marine equal to the largest, and estab
lished the best constitutional government that
was ever devised by man. We want no better
evidences than these of the vigor of their phy
sical, or of their mental constitution.
Womas. An exchange says that "God in
tended all women to be beautiful as much as
he did the roses and morning glories ; and that
he intended they should obey his laws, and
cut indolence and corset strings, and indulge
in freedom and fresh air. For a girl to expect
to be handsome with the action of her lungs
dependant upon the expansive natnre of a
cent's worth of tape, is as absurd as to look
for tulips in a snow bade, or a ftill grown oak
fa a littla floT pot,
THE DRUNKARD'S DAUOnTER.
That night I was out late. I returned by
Lee's cabin a'wut 11 o'clock. As I approach
ed I saw a strange looking object cowering
under the low caves. A cold rain was falling.
It was late in autumn. I drew riear and there'
was Millie wet to the skin. Her father had
driven her out some hours before ; . she had
laid down to listen to the heavy snoring of Ids
drunken slnmbers, so that she might "creep
back to her bed. But before she heard it, na
ture seemed cxhaused and she fell into a trou
bled sleep w ith the rain drop pattering upon'
her. I tried to take her home with me j but
no, true as martyr to his faith, she struggled
from my arms and returned to the no dark
and silent cabin. Things went on so for weeks
and months. But at length Lee grew less vie-
lent, even in his drunken fits, to his self-de
nying child ; and one day when he awoke from
a heavy slumber after debauch, and saw her'
preparing breakfast for him, and singing a
childish song, he turned to her, and with a
tone almost fender, said :
"Millie, what makes you stay with me V
"Because you arc my father, and I love yon.',
"You love me!" repeated the wretched
man ; "love me .'" ne looked at his bloated
limbs, bis soiled and ragged clothes ; "love
me," he still murmured "Millie, what makes
you Jove me ? I am poof drunkard, every
body despises me. Why don't you ?"
"Dear father," said Millie, with swimming
eyes, "mother taught me to love you and cv- (
cry night site comes from heaven and stand-
by my little' bed and says, 'Millie, don't leave
your father ; Millie love your father ; he will
get away from that rum fiend one of thesa
days, and then how happy you will be.' "
A TtERiBLE Evest. Bussian journals are
filled with details of the catastrophe at Sche
maka, in the Caucasus. On the morning of
the' 11th July, the weather was very sultry.-
and a general feeling of suffocation waS felt
At length, a heavy rumbling noise was beard,
followed by a very violent shock of an earth
quake. Although the shock lasted only about
thirty seconds, 300 houses and more than 1C0
shops were completely thrown down, and a
great many others seriously dafnagoa. Only
one person was killed ; five were wounded.
The loss is estimated at upwards of 400,000
francs.
Mixxesota. It is estimated that at the pre
sent time the territory of Minnesota contains
a population of one hundred and forty thou
sand souls. This is probabfy an under esti
mate, as last winter an official reckoningmade
the total one hundred and twenty thousand.
It is calculated, however, that by the close of
the emigration season of tho year the ag
gregate will be three hundred thonsand. " If
this be so, Minnesota will enter the circle of
States with three members of the lower house
of Congress. She is now entitled to two.
"Say, Joe, kt us stop and read this bed
stone." "Yes, Pat."
The 'hed stone' was a mile stono on which
was engraved SO miles to Pittsburg.
Pat spelled a while, and then exclaimed :
"Arrahj Joe, spake softly and thrad lightly,
here lies the dead Mr. Miles, 30 years old, and
he died in Pittsburgh. It's a grate comfort
to know how to rade such things."
A Gascos officer, demanding his salary from
the Minister of War, declaring that he was ia
danger of dying with hunger, the Minister,
who saw that bis visage was full and ruddy,
told him that his face contradicted his state
ment. "Ah, sir," said he, "don't trust to
that ; this lace is not mine ; it belongs to my
landlord, who has given me credit for a long
time past!"
When young men have nothing to live upon
but love, they commonly fall in love and get
married just as if hugging and kissing were
a substitute for mutton chops, or as if terms
of endearment wonld supply the place of
mashed tatersand fricassed mackerel. Tho
philosopher who said that love was a beauti
ful madness, was not far from the mark.
Wk learn from the proceedings of a Teach
ers' Convention at Benicia California, com
mencing August 12th, published in the Sacra
mento Union, that the educational interests
are well attended to. There are in the State
300 schools and 3S0 teachers actively engaged
in their profession. . . i
Is consequence of the failure of the apple)
crop in Europe, there is a large demand in
New York for expoi tation. One firm ther
has already contracted to send 6,000 barrels to
England, ind at least 10,000 barrels ot New
ton pippins are in course of preparation for
shipment.
A waggish spendthrift said "Five yeara
ago I was not worth a cent in the world ; now
see w-here I am through my own exertions."
"Well, where are you 1" "Why I owe more
than three thousand dollars."
In one year New York city eats 185,000 ox
en, 12,000 cows, 550,000 sheep and lambs, 40,
000 calves, and 2S0.OO0 swine. If ranged seT
en abreast, tbf wroki sake a psooMsio tvo
Mtleftea;, "
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