'J
I
I-
1 i J
r
VOL. 2 -NO. 21. icJ!
BY S. B. KfW.
CLEARFIELD, "WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 23, 1856.
I H&H f JP I N; 1 1 I I- Wm -tlB'feli li I- Sill 1 ;- 'W
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1 T.
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JanJ. Jjut. .'.
Justlfo!,' It,
0n"T n.-
' ' THE BLOD CO LOVE.
There . i8 Br.motliins; wnnlly beautiful and
touching in the following by John II. cw.
which wo copy from tho Ickerbocker"for Dec.
List I oh list! she is Ving near ; ',
For her tiny step a p brief
FaK soft ty on my sirOd ear,
A tl10 rain on verrf Ief ! '
Why beat3 my bear'?, Hdly now,
AcJ starts my LI Jin fiercer flight,
And eritnson neekad cheok and brow, ,
As skies, they s.vvfccn wings tho night ?
Wiy.o'en my to;u forgots its art,
And cronchetUown, opproriad with fear,
As liiass when tJ north winds part,
- Or Leasts wh3 master cotuoth noar.
Ah me! the h psel me like the breoxa
With odors m h nntumn plain,
Or like a rfiin'er southern seas,
Whn scar, Jipplot scars tho main.
Eut, as a wrkej one on the shore,
When 2i;t has sot her sontrios palo,
Whose lowowed ear for evermore
Is filled itla 'rustlings of a sail, . .
I stand alireathles?, hearing jot ...
The tnin'ring of lie" fading flight,
While ery'ionnd is sweetly eot -
To thuosle. of her foot-fall light.
Eut jbcfttiyXn.Y! sholt never kno :
Tho 1 that, like the restless sea, "' ''
To thjr!l ever obb and flow,
Un-?S eternity
I to renmof Ioto ' .
twin to Bcanly born, ,
Wl f er7 tongster of the grove,
(F-4 witl1 carol, aa if. the Morn ?
2Un( hoso lake-L'ko eyc of thino
thtid mirror bauk a face more fair
Iha-.ais poor,. dark one, sad, of mine,
' .Te Juiody sits each full-browcd Care.
yet, my Cod y if for an hour
; uou 'dst gran.uio in her eyes to gazo,
j j cheerful would I yield the power
'-'Of life itself tSrough countless days!
.
A SKEj CII OF THE PAST
TTo like. to treasure tip all the historical l-
gends of onr Hovclutionary struggle. Tiny
aro sketches of the" past which grow more vfiV
1 Sffiiti3sycar after year passes by, and tho i
rto become luoro ana m'rf-c
ed in the haze ana mn-ij
1 -.4 , f
. i r.11..Pa ia full ftf 1IW
,,y nJ wnicniv""0 i
urntohes an instance of courage
. anv connected Tni i
ilh Carolina in the everts of tho:4
. r flmrs.
'Hfdriotic enthusiasm which. provailO
c people during the siegei.AUEj
-:d-e, prompted to nworuus v-.-i
W-A s.icrificc. This f-pirit, f
llrw
by the" successes of bumpier
crtho Dritisb arms,
was earnest
! r,nri.ral lircen, wuoso
fiavkel't least the outline
e of every unuon
ado to strike a blow
..:., ft the cuons uij
... r M
nnwer. uiu ov -
,ni. .list iniruishca
i I'.mi.ffri! anions
l""Hj, ... .....,,..i aT,,i for iniurics s
Hrfiiisrvicc rcuuiin-u, .
trJrji thecnemj's hands. The wives
4lHost, during their ausenee
' irtehigece : came to them that a cor
tifS hbportant dispatches to one oi
" thatnisht A
none wmi wu
ci:o,i
it nnl. Wa3 X
,,:rHd .bv two British oflic
?at tody oftT
t.'-'t it irot,
ormincd to waylay the party, a'
,f .'their lives, to obtain possess""
lis nnrnOSO tllO IWO 3 oung uurT
' - . - . i , 19.. Vl.iitia
Jitmselvcs in thci
Sir well i.rovided with arms, t J'k,fb$
1 u. '
oafreiidr ,
t apoiat on tho roaa whicii tncy cnot what cvusmigni ue annouuecu , ei.e k
n -ust pass. ' 'Jt' was alrcad-at,'ai not but tho sound might be the knell of
f not
waited' long before thctrajap
icard in the distance, fft Tijpy:
is hoard
4-with wliut anxrous expe
atiol I
' wary of s,
awaited Ric approach of ho e
nenton which so much Uepenaeu.
t. iotttnde around theui. the silence
,.l,t, at)i the darkticss,'inust lave lddc
e terroi conjtireitip by busy J.mcy'j?
tly tlijloiirier appeared, with his attend
l3rjsr Ad they caruo cioso 10 iii,p0t.e
,-uiscd ion leici from their ckn
K husfics, escntea mcir pistow it tftU
knded titer instant surrenifof
;tlj pnLIiai"; If arty adthci despatclics. tho .e:f)svith distinction in the siege of Savannah and
,7SSC5?res9 fMJ i.'c.ariakenJy surpr&e, and Iicirfcharlcstonwas killed at the siogo of Angus
rt ta,just after lie had obtained a favorable posi-
.ttributed to : , r -r.
of tlioi" i l. , r
hi
que:
- 1 ai.a 1 ins 11 - & tan.cu im
1 l ' wmm
11 &
.-f -
- - - 1 1 vj r .
J The mother of thii patriot fun ily was a
u ui varoiino county, irgn1"
nrjno was? Elizabeth Marsh.,5 ao' s1ie waH
probably of the sarue f.tinil- itU d'ief J ustice
Marshall, as she Lelon?ed ttW,aT1ie
bor!ioo(J. After bnr mm-.-;' t Abrara Tlar
oiivj icinuved to mo sot.
on tho Indian nation, in Xi
T T I l l. . . . . .
nt, borderms
Six, now Ld
. Tho coun
tllcd, most of
gcfield District. South Cj
try at that time v.as spar
its mhabitant.i being tho
States, chiefly front Yinr
crs from other
arid their ncigh-
borhood to tho Indians lansed lic aloP
tion of some or their savn"its' T1, uaaie
of Edgefield is said to e been given, be
cause it was at that purl the edgo or boun
dary of tho respectable tiers and their cul
tivated fields. CivilizJn, however, increas
ed with the populationid in the time of the
devolution, 2Cincfy-S.va3 uong the fore
most in sending into 7 field its quota of har
dy and enterprising t'ps to oppose tho J3rit-
i3U una their savage :f!:es.
At the commenceent of the contest, Mrs.
Marsliall had nine Children, seven of whom
were sons old cno.h to bear arms. Thcso
brave young men, J-Jcr the tuition, and exam
ple of their parents, had grown up in attach
ment to their conritry, and ardently devoted
to its service, r.erc ready on every occasion to
encounter tho dangers of border warfare.
When, the first call for volunteers sounded
through the land, the mother encouraged their
patriotic zeal.
"Go, boys," said she, 'fight for your coun
try rCsht till death, if you nmst, bat never
let your country be dishonored. Wore I a
man I would go with you."
At another time, when Col. Cruger com
manded the British at Cambridge, and Colonel
JJlown at Augusta, several
aopped at her house for rcfre
1 tf them aiked how many son
Jiown at Augusta, several Lritish ofTie.urs
eshment, and one
ons she iiaa. iie
answered eight ; and to the question where
4hev all were, replied promptly :
"Seven of them are engaged in the service
of their country."
"Really, maJame," observed tho officer,
sncerfngly, "you have enough of them."
, "c, sir," said tho matron, proudly, "I
wysh-J bad a seora.' ' ; " ".;L " .","
' Her house in the absence of her sons was
, iri:Muu:uij c.cu m iiio ufpreaaiions 01 ine
nvr, 41. .1 1 . r .
Tories. On one -occasion thoy cut open her
feather beds, and scattered tho contents.
Vi'hcntiie young men returned shortly after
wards, their mother bade them pursue tho ma-rau-ltTs.
One of the continental soldiors hav
ing letn left at the house badly wounded, Mrs.
Martin kindly attended and nursed him till his
recov ry. A party of tho loyalists who heard
of liis being there, came with tho intention of
tilling his life, but she found means to hide
I.irn (rom their search.
Tho only daughter" of Mrs. Martin, Letitia,
iim.icd Capt. Edward Wade, of Virginia, who
, fell .vith his commander, Gon. Montgomery,
s!tio siege of Quebec. At tho time of tho
s: .;o of Charleston by Sir Henry Clinton, the
v.;Jow was rch'u'ing with her mother at Ninc-tr-5ix.
Her son .Washington Wade was then
fifj ycar3 old, and remembered many occur
r.nces connected with the war. The house
us about 100 miles in a direct lino west of
Ciarleslon. He recollects wa!!iin in the pi-
za on a calm evening with his grandmother,
i light breeze blew from the ca.st,and the
jund of heavy cannon was distinctly heard iu
lit direction. The sound of cannon heard at
ut time, and in thatjpart of the State, they
new must come from tho besieged city. As
1 nr.w .ftttnvt ,li)liuf1 flini. nira iV.n nn-t-
tation
of Mrs. Martin increased.
She knew
new
her
EOns, three of whom were then in Charleston,
Their wives wore with her, and partook of the
sime heart chilling fears. They stood still
for a few minutes, each wrapped in bcr own
painful and sileut reflections, till the mother
at icngth, lifting her bands nr.d eyes toward
heaven, exclaimed fervently: "thank; God,
they are the children of the Republic."
Of tho seven patriotic brothers, six were
spared through all the dangers of the partisan
warfare iu the region of the "dark and bloody
zround." The eldest, Win. M. Martin, was a
obtain of artillery : and after having served
iiuu .- nis cannon, uy cievaimg ii u:i uu vi
the towers constructed by Gen. Pickens. It
is related that not long after his death, a Brit-
sb. officer passing to Fort Ninety-Six, then in
possession of tho English, rode out of his way
to gratify his hatred to tho Whigs by carrying
tlib fatal news to the mother of this gallant
oung man. lie caiicu at me nouso ana ask.-
flMfirtin if she had not a son in the ar-
uaajuiiyjBgusta. She replied in tho aiiirma-
pd .SjThen I saw his brains blown out on the
ubliiVf battle," said the monster, who antici-
,i triumph in the sighs of a" parent s
heariBf riBut'tho cilect' of , tlie startling an
tlicusi A-a nt was other than he expected': Ter-
An as tho shock, and.. aggravated by tho
-. am.. : " ' a. -.il
as better.
"'WS.tni-o was
.fv ih r-bicli her LereaTOnwMi.x" - Fratt.
the officer as he turned and rode away, is still
remembered in the family tradition.
The eldest son married Grace "Waring, of
Dorchester, when she was but fourteen years
of age. She was the daughter of Benjamin
Waring, who afterwards became one of the
earliest settlers of Columbia when established
as tho seat of government of the State. Tho
principles of the Revolution had been taught
her from childhood, and her efforts to promote
its advancement were joined by thos of her
husband's family. She was one of tho two
who risked their lives to seize upon the dis
patches as abovo stated. Her husband's un
timely death left her with three young chil
dren two sons and a daughter ; but she never
married again.
HISTORY OF EXCESSIVE AVINTERS.
From Graham's Magazine, Jan. 1S53.
In a. d. 101, the Black Sea was entirely fro
zen over.
In 402, the Danube was frozen, so that The
odomcr marched over the ice to avenge h$3
brother's death in Suabia.
Iu 515, the cold was so intense in winter
that the birds allowed themselves to be
caught by the hand.
In 703, not only the Black Sea, but the Strait
of the Dardanelles was lrozen over. The
snow in some places rose City feet high, and
the ice was so heaped iu the cities as to push
down the walls.
In S00 the winter was intensely cold.
In 8-2, the great rivers of Europe, such
as the DiUiiilK!, the Elbe, and the beine, were
so hard frozen .".s to bear heavy wagons for a
month. In 8G0, the Adriatic was frozen.
In 871, the winter was very long and severe
The snow continued to fall from tho beginning
of November to the end of March, and en
cumbered the ground so much that the forests
were inaccessible for the supply of fuel.
In 891, and again in 893, the vines were
killed by tho frost, and the cattleperished in
their stalls.
In 991, the winter lasted very long with ex
tremc severity. Everything was frozen ; the
crops totally failed; and famine and pesti
lencc clesed the year.
JIJ XV LA, great, qtlrtr---mm J p JUf-rm
the ground. The vines and fruit-trees were
destroyed, and famine ensued.
In 10G7, the cold was so intense, that most
of tho travelers in Germany were frozen to
ueam on mo iw-io.
In 1121, the w inter was uncommonly severe
and the snow 1 y very long.
Iu 110:3, it was extremely cold in Italy. Tho
Po was frcf&n from Cremona to the sea ; the
bonps if f snow rendered the roads impassable;
tho w-cro burst, and even trees split
by J y tho frost, with immense noise.
inv g now was eight feet deep in
A ustriaTTrrnay till Easter. The crops and
vintage failed ; and a great murrain consu
med the cattle.
The winters of 1209 and 1210, were both of
them very severe, insomuch that the cattle
died for want of fodder.
In 121G, the Fo froze fifteen ells deep, and
wine burst the casks.
In 1231, the Fo was again frozen; and load
ed wagons crossed the Adriatic to Venice. A
fine forest was killed by the frost at Kavcnna.
In 123G, the Danube was frozen to the bot
tom, and remained for a considerable length
of time in that state.
In 12G9, the frost was most intense in Scot
land, and tho ground bound up. The Catcgat
was frozen between Norway and Jutland.
In 1281, such quantities of snow fell in Aus
tria as to bury the very houses.
In 1292, tho Rhine was frozen over at Brey
sach, and bore loaded wcgons. One sheet of
ice extended between Norway and Jutland, so
that travelers passed with case; and in Germa
ny GOO peasants were employed to clear away
tho snow for the advance of the Austrian army.
In 1305, the rivers in Germany were frozen;
and much distress was occasioned by tho scar
city of provisions and forage.
In 131G, the crops wholly failed in Germa
ny. Wheat, which some 3-cars beforo sold in
England at 2s. a quarter, now rose to 2.
In 1323, tho winter was so severo, that both
horso and foot passengers traveled over tho
ice from Denmark to Lubec and Dantzic.
In 1339, the crops failed in Scotland ; and
such a famine ensued that the poorer sort of
people, were reduced to feed on grass, and ma
ny of them perished miserably in the fields.
Yet in England, whet was at this time sold so
low as three shillings and fonrpencc a quarter.
In 1314, it was clear frost from November to
March, and all the rivcrsa Italy were frozen
ovor. ,
In 1392, the vineyards and orchards were de
stroyed by tho frost,and the trtestorn to pieces.
The year 1108 was one of th coldest win
ters ever remembered. Not onij the Danube
wa3 frozen over, but tho sea betwlen Norway
and Denmark ; so that wolves, Ariven from
their forests, came over the icq into, Jutland.
In France, tho vineyards and orchaKls were
destroyed, -y-r., -M-or. ivr7rw
-T. rrrJ both the J 9U . S: ii. . ..(
4&
frozen. irave-- v
... 11
1 rfV I'll. 1
- ... --li TT.-.!
he
Lubcc w '"77"".
...... I ' ,y-V -Z v.
i txjtf.f
forty days w ithout interruption. All the riv
ers in ijermany were irozeu ; mi uw iwj
birds took shelter in the towns. The price of
wheat rose, in England, to twenty-seven shill
ings a quarter, but was reduced to five-shillings
in the following year.
In 14G0, tho Baltic was frozen, and both foot
and horso passengers crossed over the ice
from Denmark and Sweden. The Danube,
likewise, continued frozen two months ; and
the vineyards in Germany were destroyed.
In 11GS, tho winter was so severe in Fland-
. . . . j j 1 . ii!
ers, that tho wine uistnuuiea to me Boiuicrs
was cut iu pieces with hatchefr.
In 1511, the same thing happened again, the
wine being frozen into solid lumps.
In 1518, the winter was very cold and pro
tracted. Between Denmark and Iio3tock,
sledges drawn by- horses or oxen travelled
over the ice.
In 15G1, and again in 15G5, tho winter was
extremely severo all over Europe. ahc
Scheldt froze so hard as to support loaded
wagons for three mouths.
In 1571, the winter was severe and protract
ed. All the rivers in i ranee were covered
with hard and solid ice; the fruit trees even in
Languedoc were killed by the frost.
In 1591, the weather was so severe, that tho
Rhine and the Scheldt were frozen, and even
the sea at Venice.
The year 1G08 was uncommonly cold, and
snow lay of immense depth even at Padua.
Wheat roso in the Windsor market from 3G to
6G shillings a quarter.
In 1G21 and 1G22, all tho rivers of Europe
were frozen, and even tho Zuider Zee. A
sheet of ice covered the Hellespont ; and the
Venetian fleet was choked up in the lagoons
of the Adriatic.
In 1G55, the winter was very severe, espe
cially in Sweden. The excessive quantities of
snow and rain which fell did great injury in
Scotland.
The winters of 1G5S, 1G59 and 1GG0 wero in
tensely cold. The rivers in Italy bore heavy
carriages : and so much snow had not fallen at
Rome for several centuries. It was in 1G5S,
that Charles X. of Sweden crossed the Little
Belt over tho ice from nolstcin to Denmark,
withlils-Ui-Ohi armv-i-ota.nJ-horsu-. followed
bv the traiu of baggage ana artillery, iu
Ihsao years the price of grain was nearly doub
led ia England; a circumstance which contrib
uted, among other causes, lo the Restoration
In 1070, tho frost was most intense in Eng
land and Denmark, both tho Little and tho
Great Bolt being frozen.
In 1GS1, the winter was excessively cold.
Forest liecs, and even the oaks in England,
were spilt by the frost. Most of the hollies
wero killed. Coaches drove along the Thames,
which wa3 covered with ice eleven inches
thick. Almost all the birds perished.
In 1G91, tho cold was so excessive that the
famished wolves entered Vienna, and attack
ed the cattle, and even men.
The winter of 1095 was extremely severe
and protracted. The frost in Germany began
in October, and continued tilKApril ; and ma
ny people were frozen to death.
The years 1097 and 1G99 wero nearly as bad.
In England the price of wheat, which in prece
ding ycai-3 had seldom Teachcd lo G9 shillings
a quarter, now niouutcd to 713.
In 1709 occurred that famons winter, called
by distinction the coi wittier. All the rivers
and lakes were frozen, and even the seas, to
the distance of several miles from tho shore.
The frost is said to havo penetrated three
yards into the ground. Birds and wild beasts
were strewed dead in the fields, and men per
ished by thousands in their houses. The ruorq
tender shrubs and vegetables in England were
killed; and wheat roso in its price from two to
four pounds a quarter. In the south of France,
the olive plantations were almost entirely de
stroyed; nor have they yet recovered from that
fatal disaster. The Adriatic Sea was quite
frozen over, and even tho coast of tho Medi
terranean about Genoa, and the citron and or
ange groves sutTered extremely ia tho finest
parts of Italy.
In 171G, the winter was very cold. On tho
Thames booths were erected, and fairs held.
The printers and booksellers pursued their
Irofc3sion3 upon its surface. .
. 172G, the winter was so intenso that people
traveled in sledges across the strait from Co
penhagan to the province of Scania in Sweden.
In 1729, much injury was done by tho frost,
which lasted from October till May. Ia Scot
land, multitudes of cattle and sheep wero bu
ried in tho anow ; and many of tho forestriwMt
iu other parts of Europe wera tinea.
The successive' winters of 1731 and 1732
wero likewise extremely cold.
The cold of 1710 was scarcely inferior to
that of 1709. Tho snow lay eight and ten
feet deep in Spain and Portugal. The Zuider
Zee was frozen over, and many thousand per
sons walked or skated on It. At Leydcn, the
thermometer foil 10 deg. below zero of Fah
renheit'3 scale. All tho lakes In England
froze ; and a.wholo ox was roasted on the
ThamesMany trees were killed by tho frost;
jaj.OT01T, i ons wero benumbed on their sad
it. .niltrl'tt 11. . von "1 701 fit.it 1 7-irt Hfbn
lit ill- w 'ra ' 1. ii Luc Jl " . J
of rubUo PiblT of the Clrercn oi-sv-trT
room
and at Erora, in Portugal, people could hardly
creep out of their houses for heaps of snow.
Tho winters during the live suecessi. o
1715, 1710, 1717, 1718, and 1.19, wero alt ot
them-very cold.
Ic 1751 and 1755, tho winter was particular
ly cold. At Paris, Fabrenhert's thermometer
sank to the beginning of the scale; and In Jjng-
laud, the strongest ale, exposed to the air In a
glass, was covered, in less than a quarter of an
hour, with ico an eighth of an inch thick.
The w inters of 17GG, 17G7 and 1.G8, wero ve
ry cold all over Europe. In France, tho ther
mometer fell 0 deg. below the zero of lahren-
heit's scale. The large rivers and the most co
pious springs in many parts were frozen. The
thermometer, laid on the surface of tho snow
at Glasgow, fell two degrees below zero.
In 1771 the snow lay very deep, and tho
Elbe was frozen to the bottom.
In 1776 much enow fell, and the cold was in
tense. The Danube bore ice five ieet tiucK
below Vienna. Wino froze in the cellars both
France and Holland. Many people were
frost-bitten ; and vast multitudes both of the
feathered and of the finny tribes perished.
Yet the quantity of snow that lay upon the
ground had checked the penetration of tha
frost. Van Swinden found, in Holland,
that the earth was congealed to the depth
of twenty-ono inches, on a spot of a gar
den, which had been kept cleared, but
only nine inches at another place near it,
which was covered with faur inches of snow.
Tho successive winters of 1781 and 1785
wero uncommonly severe, insomuch that tho
Little Belt was frozen over.
In 1789 the cold was excessive ; and again
in 1795, when the republican armies of France
overran Holland.
The successive winters of 1793 and 1800
were both very cold.
In 1S09 the -winter was remarkably severe-
In 1810 quicksilver was frozen hard at Mos
cow. But the winter of 1812 was beyond all
question, tho most severe of tho present cen
tury; and was rendered memorable to all time
by the sullerings of the French army du
ring its retreat from Russia. Several winters,
since that period, of more or less severity,
havo Iwn nuiniifliuiii ia vaxious. cotempora-
i.ui ine last wiuier, in uic intense an
prolonged severity of cold, exceeded any ever
er experienced in this country.
ABSTRACTS OF ANNUAL REPORTS
Post Office Depahtmext. The Report of
tho Post Master General shows a net increase
of 8G2 post offices dnring tho year ending 30th
June, 1855 tho whole number of offices at that
dato being 21,110, and on the 30th November,
21,770. On the 30th of Juno last there were
7,033 mail routes, at an estimated length of
277,908 miles. Tho total annual transports
tion of mails wa3 G7,191,1GG miles, costing
5,315,238. Compared with the service of the
year previous, there is an increase of 3,397,0:
miles of transportation, or oi about b per
cent, and of $075,221 cost, or about 11 4-100
per cent. Tho incrcaso by railroad service is
3,4S9,132 miles ; by modes not specified, 3,
575,177 miles while the transportation by
coaches is less by 2,325,028 iuilcs, and by
steamboat 1,335.050. Thi3 change results
mainly from the reletting of contracts in many
of the Southern and Western States and Ter
ritories. On tho 30th of J unc last there were
in service 319 route agents at a compensation
of S235,170 G5-100; 29 local agents at $19,
328 ; and 981 mail messengers at $100,171 C5,
making a total of $351,1370 90 to be added to
the cost of transportation. This makes the
total amount for the current year $5,821,980
20, which will probably be increased to $G,
000,000 by new service and routes. The cost
of foreign mail service, not included here, a-
mounts to $G11,4G7. . The Postmaster states
that on 3d April last, he concluded a contract
with Mr. James F. Joy, to convey the mails
from Cairo to New Orleans and back, daily, he
having full powers to negotiate such contract
on behalf of the Illinois Central Railroad, but
though the latter used every exertion to com
ply with their engagement, they failed to do
so from the high price demanded of them by
the owners of the boats on tho line, and the
route was accordingly advertised for relet ting
Tho new distribution schemes have been
completed, and each distributing office lias
now alphabetical lists of all the counties in all
the States, except California. In, "co
with tho late act of C ."suitable meas
ures havo "iopted to put in operation
w uew system of registering valuable letters,
but it has not been sufficiently long in opera
tion to bo able to form a just estimate of tho
success of the plan. The Postmaster, has,
however, found abundant proofs, of its useful
ness, and of tho necessity of bringing it to
perfection, , J.,., .;,' ?? V-'""'
The expenditures' of the Department for the
last fiscal year amount to $9,308,812, and tho
gross revenues derived from postages, inland
and foroign,) aro $G,G12,13013, which, adding
tho annual appropriations made in compensa
tion of mail service to the government, by the
actsot 3d March, 1S19, and, 3d MarV1851,
t"ui'',Y,YiJC uitia "l!ltc duo
Powers, for- postal accounts, front" th
deducting foreign balances, amounted to $G,-
816,051 81, making a diflerenco in favor or
1855 of $518,519 10. The excess of expendi
ture for 1855 over that of 1851, is $2,626,206
10. This excess is attributed partly to ine m--
crease in compensation to Postmasters Tnd
clerks ot office, and partly to tho incrcaso of . t ;' ,
expenditures for transportation owing to tho J
great extension ot mo raiiroau service, iuj
... .. . rni.
. Tha Z
jwthat ?
condition of the Department goes to show
the rates fixed by the act of 3d March
will uoi euauia iuc iicipanmcm ".r . - :
self bv its own resources. ' - jS v
Another cause of this excess
ie-.
."
is attributed to the letters and -0v
ried free of charge for members
and others, and to tho immense
printed matter conveyed at
Postmaster General tlnnfcs tuai tv.
of fifty per cent, for advance paymefl
n:mer. is wnoliv vi ruuoui juaiuiuuiuu.
so recommends that pre-payment by staaw
' ' - . . .
2J -
bo made compulsory on all kinds of mattef-"
The expenditure of the Department for lJwG, 7s.
is estimated at $10,199,021, and tho means j
available for the eamo year, $9,010,871, leav
ing a deficiency of $1,188,151, to bo provided
for. '
Reference is again mado to the fact that tho '
Collins line of steamers receives from the lo- -vcrnmcnt
$858,000 for twenty-six trips, "whilo t
the British Government paid the Cunardlino v
$SCG,700 for fifty-two trips, which, in the opin
ion of the Postmaster-General, is amply r
cient. Measures have been recent 1
lay before the Mexican Governm K . -
on the subject of a postal 1 '
Report alludes at some length to the list Ke- - V';i
port of the Postmaster General of Great Brit- r. -n
ain, and concludes by deprecating tho denun
ciation cf the Department for mistakes, care- .- r
lessness, or neglect, Instead of advising it of? 1 ;T
the wrong committed, and leaving it to 8rplj J
the remedy. ' 'Z.. -" ' " . TN
Depahthest or the Ixtehios. Mr. McClel
land devotes a large space of his report to a .
consideration of tho Indian question. His
views aro clearly expressed, and a number of.
recommendations aro submitted.
Tho Indian chiefs and warriors, addicted to
drinking and gambling, are made tho dopes of
-cni-uisposea persons.-The system of grant-
of all the evils of which complaint is made.
It is necessary to abolish tho cash system of
payments, jmA enable the Indian to obtain all
he requires at cost price, if we mean to reme
dy the trouble, or to civilize and enlighten tho
savage. 'A &tndy of the history of the Indi
ans, in connection with the conduct of tno'w-i
whites towards them, reveals tho fact that In
dian disturbances are often traceable to the in- 1
discretions and aggressions of the white men.
Upon this point the report enlarges. Never
before has the Indian been subjected to such V
severe trials and hardships ; tho offences of
which he is guilty are too often palliated by
extreme want. All this impresses tho neces-
sity of kindness and forbearance; and accor
dingly tho Secretary suggests the propriety of
attempting to civilize and christianize the Red
Men. He alludes to tho amount of good that
has been effected by missionary enterprisa," -and
discovers in the Indian a susceptibility of ' -r
improvement and civilization, which renders
it a duty to persevere in all humane efforts to
preserve the race from extinction. In this
particular, Mr. McClelland and Col. Davis aro '- -
of two minds. The statistics 6f-fhrr-'f?port
cover much ispace. Tho princtyal figures are :
Acres of land sold last fiscal ycari 8,720,174
Amount received therefor, . $2,358,918
Lands surveyed in 1855, acres, 15,315,283
Lands sold, G,2G1,163-
uiou warrants issued, S,'Joo,41
Virginia military land warrants, 1,400,000
Pensioners, 14,48C,
Pensions paid, . , 1,505,115
Fatenta issued since Jan. 1, 1855,' I,&0)
Patent Office Building, .. . $1,600,:
Expend. National Insano Hospital, . 17lsj)jm
Indian stock, now held. n.fVilllu
The business of tho General Land OSc
greatly increascd..Tho surveys h
vigorously prosecuted, and a large q
land is ready to be brought intoei
the coming year. '" ,tyT
iox or Cms!. Boring, th
nvoy to China, has made a report
tal statistics of China, giving that
population of 400,000,000. Kiang-s
t,fst. cf the eighteen. Drovinces, has
tion of over 87,000,000. . : ....
A constable pursued a thief, wi
fuse on a stump in aT swampland
rail: after him. on ' wbich lijye5
constable mado.. the fillowing rciu
tabie4&nversible noaestcedd
swamp tun up etumpunirailo.J
-Thh Cotairo PoT'uiaTidjr.or
At a recent convention oL
f
ofciiil ATJaior"acTtVHJ"
Lb above- rSrg-J--Hg T'"7
rt beautiful eoUB,, f H T ;
r ..1. k. h xll IWT
;
a
V
V
Y
A.
1 natrium
i ." p
assort" 1-
; assortment '
, at very low:
Vrnd'inot .
. Till. M
-. ...in.nn;
ii i ilr a
!'
- . 1 . . .
.nsas was greatly rtwi
lin
oioh be wilt
. . -ii i .
r.mgscvious occurred. No
Nojj.;
.T-.rn 'Nfissoun
htrike9M