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SATURDAY MORNING
THE FLAG OF OUR UN [ON
FOR PRESIDENT.
JAMES BUCHANAN
NOR VICE PRESIDENT,
JOHN C. BRECKINRIDGEt
OF KicYrucKY. "`•
Democratic Electoral Tirkrt pennsyivania
trlV.tt" , l,
lIENRI lIELTZfIOOVE - 11. I
JOHN JUIIX'TUN.
du, the p•rf'et whiriw'lid t, I nidig-nato.n h ,••
vra, tip- , n tho,t Lurild,rs uf
L 'uu.•w+
g.tre t. en.t• n..• r I ,
• rn'n , 3 tit4l P. , l' the entire vertu. Hi, 1. ••
sure, I,i.t cytt heiittr tit I istry (lae I!!e
eqt:y w tv etht , voted for thot n,rth
ciwu.... not ti,:fenterl ut the nest election, .t.
the temecnt ranee of Ititt 7,loriftt9 rt•rsi^e In the
war of ISI2, saved ham there--the . popa:nr in
digaotion of the '•lio) t woo pe-solng
mutt inter.fts.
Are the hardy and ioduatrious yeomanry of
the country more corrupt than they were 41)
year. ago' Will an t,troetunt, depredation um
the treasury he looked over now, that a t the
period referred to hural from their meats irt Cott
greet Qoma o! the very btlet and mart talehtcd
men m the onuntry
$ I Int:lll , er. what pttni,t•meo,
wl.th irttA`ll.! pocket ..1
~ on grab.l Yvi ,••p Let. 1t 0,1,1 -
Cogr , lde -wiT
But we shall to tol.l I y Iheltiaek
presses that the money e,,tne off the
people of Pennsylvania-- thnt althoop..h the
treasury ban I,lrd t tha inns of hunfredq
tbouefinda,po pan of girl - 4111.1er came (rein tt.e
pockets of the people of Westmorele.nl, But!, r,
nr 11Iegheny county No new tax sae nr w:I
I.e leied to pay this mo-t extr,vatfant coTnio,
!•ation Let no ace whether lb, true.
There is not a family in the county, lien or
poor, but 'What notices the greet :of reeve in the
price ric sugar, during the last two year?. It
has gone up steadily for toenty months, and
now, througboat the cottony, the .‘veroge snail
price is I2i cords per rum] The immediate
cause for this in the failure for two suoccevsive
years of the sugar crop in Louisiana. But it this
a reason why the people of Pennsylvania should
pay 12.1 cents a pound for the poorest sort of
sugar'" We answer Nu! It re not a !Nod
reason ' The duty on sugar is THIRTY Mit CENT:
if this duty were token off temporarily, or
rat:loved altogether, sugar would be sold for lf.A.t
0,4,2 fi rents per pound .' And vo every Mall who
buys a pound af vugar pays mere than thrh e
cents a pound .;A.X, to give the Black P.eputilioan
members of Congress their share in the plunder
authorized by the six thomfand collar act
We venture 'the assertion that the people of
Pennsy:vania jp. thettax on sugar diode lave
paid info the treasury as much as the increased
pay will amount to.
We call anon the people to remember that the
same Black Republican majority who passed this
infamous s6,ltou b;lt -who refused to pass bi!ls
to pacify Kansas-- who refused to pay the sol
diers of the trtion they r , ,ah/ have taken off
the duty on sugar and other articles of necessi- :
ty, if they had seen proper to do so' But they
" o ld not g _l7 - ,, r d it! They could not, with any
face, have taken from the treasury the praduct
of the thirty per cent. duty on sugar, and then
rub the treasury of t;ti,ooo a piece, under the
color of law.
Let us not he told that to abolish the duty
would have been to disturb the tariff, and thereby
injure the iron interests of Pennsylvania. All
men—all parties—north, south, east amid west,
would base gladly passed an act reuiitting„
altogether, or for a limited time, the duty en
sugar. Louisiana, hereof. who had no sugar to
soli now, and will hoe hut little this year, could
not hare opposed it.
We 1. we ne time to pursue this subject now.
But we tel: the yeomanry of the country, that
they are paying 0 tax of cents a pound lute
the treasury on every pound of sugar they con
sume, and that this tax is kept up so that the
Republican members of Congress can increase
their pay to $6,000 a session.
Shill! the corrupt men who passed the SIX
THOPSAND DOLLAR ACT, in 1856, escape any bet
ter than those who, forty years ago, passed the
fifteen hundred dollar act. Let the people reply.
Ws are much obliged to Hon. David Ritchie
for a valuable volume and map relating to Cen
tral America.
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OCTOBER 1.
4 •
t.ors,n
E=ll
ELECTOIO , AT LARGE:
CHAR. ai &LEW. Columbia.
WILSON M'CANDLE. , : i. Alkitiwny.
t District: OD) W. N Elll NG ER, C,
2d PIERCE BUTLER.; Philadilplita City.
31 n 1.:L1W.11.1.1) W IJITMA N.
ith " .V% 11. WITTE, Co my
JOIEN NicNAIR. Montgomery County.
6th , HRINTttN, Chester
7th DAVID LAURI". Lehigh Conroy.
CD ARLES KESSLER. 13,rka Coo o y .
JA311{.31 PATTERSt)3I, Lancaster Co.
HSAAU SLEN KEA, Union County.
ERAS. W. HUGHES, R.^6rtylklll
THOMAS OSTERIIADT. WyonOoCo
ADRAII AM EDINGER, Monroe Co.
R.R1 , 111331 Prnasni County
°WWI E A. CRAWWRD. 0.110t..0 Co
JA3llitt 131,1.01{, Perry County.
HENRY J. STAHLE, Adams
oth
Pth
lUt h
I 1 th "
_th
13th • •
14th • '
10th
1810 "
17th
19th
•: th
I aI
7 ol
.41h
, I
J A04)11 TURN F.V. Wrlft:dor , la , 4 Co.
J. A. J. BLICIIA NAN. r:rut,
WI 1.1,1 AM W11,1(1 Nv;.-. Alleznyo,
J A .M (".1 r l'o
''Ni'C !NO V. FUnt ,
.M\ ii F.A TI.F T. r.,
ENT 111E1.1'+. CI Rscr..,l iku„ts
DEMOCRATIC STATE TICKET
GEO:IGE scorr, C.u.sr.a
IMMISIZEIM
JACOB S',...rovatrxr Cb
trrY4,P. ovta.a:
JOHN ILOV4'7C, or Ft.porcuN Co.
DEMOCRATIC COUNTY TICKET
1•GNO. TV: EYTT-71A., D1nT61,. - r
WILSON M'CANDLESS, C-Aum:.
1).TI:1
JAMES A. GIBSON. PIN. TOVV??111P.
STX (Tr
HOPEWELL HEPBURN, Cnr
TIM/I[AS S. HART, ;XL.," "I'..lo.air
A UGUSTCS R14..1 Tworyntnr
SAMUEL JONICS.
L. B. PATTER•ION,NIierwt TOWN ilflP.
SAMUEL SMITH, ALLWEILVT CITY
Or. JOHN POLLOCK., I , .. NN.zi Torv.Hir
M A TTLIEW I. STEW ART, Abs.:ay.,' (
ItOBERT B. C.UTIIRIF.., Itot.sy,qr
E. °WARD H 0 3I PSON, Wtte.s. Ttmrom
F:DW L IC,
THE SIX TllUi nA 1101.L.:11.
Thom me, tnPa twit - actuve un
i, iii II IN , 11,, r
' Oen (red dui,:
If it w7+ n rrimr. whirli ..n
vote ft etti:tv h. h:ai= 4.1
gaga
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n't4t.•
ENO
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FOREVER ~01;1•:::
.4 •
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4 %, 4 .
AMBRICAN PLAG•
The Black Republicans of Allegheny county
have signalized the intensity of their abolition•
ISmby PIUKETING THE AMERICAN FLAti.
A beautiful one was raised at Sharpslturgh, in
this county, and the abolitionists took their gene
in the night, and shot at it till it wan destroyed.
In any other country snob an outrage would have
been considered of the most infamous character.
The emblem of cur nationality is desecrated and
destroyed by abo ationists. The stars and .trir."l
are hateful in their eyes, and they take at ms
against them. Fit work that for traitors.
DECEIVED IN TENTION ALLY
iti,t previous to the et,trnenr , •t - nent ..t ;he
the (ia..retfr put f•.orth a long strin••
name : , o f abolition speakers that would
tho people at Lafayette Hall It was a frai.d '
They came net, vn,l were tr t intending to c .;.•
It was a fraud Lv which crowd,' could he dri,wn
, to hear P:tt , Lurgl, n latv ••-
It w 1.4, in that reepeet, Itkc the,r r.%
tosn The fact ia , they have nn
pr.rty Hole do the prhple;ike to Le humhugr
SPEECH OF HON. % M. ALLEN
.An immense crowd liiitenrd to tbr spereli
Hon Allen, of I'M., L. t rvctan g f ,l
Hall. It wits able, elLement sn•l dealt ...itnt /or i.gt
blevrEi apaiost th 7 .16 wing
a Ikt of [ha orit ot the tu,
.lact B Guthriv V,ct, }inn
ter. frostein, R,Lerl ji..l,n 11 , C••
J4cuc, Nlorellead. feu 11 U 1. °vier.
sr.cretarie,, U. U. M Ki.nlej. Jamey
J tiaxilcs Knox.
The Black Republican paper" wile teasing
fur n. fusion with the Know Nothings wuom tbec
ti."" l'hilndelifbia. axe en•:,-,
unng to get up the Ite that toe OesLorr-Itt, ere
trying to fuse with the stile.. party. 11 an L+Kk
:wheves that. he Is h., ,- ..Lnip;e. s
rLa my LL DU of ,•R¢
• I•Lc Loemoerallt
xi , t 1., r , , 131 :,.r
Fo.V•tto• At• •:
t irrointe t6r 4, t 4 +.1.11
V 4 r IdIR '
ptitrith ' I , lt/11.1.4:1" ler :
101,1- frc.tr. K .nral i 4r ti,v• r
igt • - n I . n +on. It reepre , .unt. t )1.• Lon iu. f tin ..
'ir6rp e+ Host energetic att , l ,actiriL, a. , t •
the resti:t of it iiireacly 19 ppnee owl
in the Territory
From Iho B.tard4y Ity.ltang Chum.,
A PM' IrtqfZl. nIttATH • Whit Itiay or gentlk
would remain muter the curse of • iliaameat.'e
breath then by using the •• Bairn .1 e Zipran..4
I , 7aterra" as a dentifrice trou!d net Daly tarot,:
it !meet but leave the tooth •11;to yr adatrutur '
Many peraoto do ro. , t know their tireath im 1,31
mid th.! subject Bo delicate their frtecaln w
never nientk..o it. Four a. dr,r , of ti e
•• IMltn - rovar tooth-hrtD.h nqd wv.h the it •1
11:ght and In• !wag A fifty
A !tic. t. rtsrt. flosit.r.vin ,, e foray en.ily
ilircd by lIPUIR Cbe •' than: S a Tn.rtpsand F.-
11, will retnt,ve ;on „"rnidtp nnJ frt.
•,.„,th • • tearin g it “I 3 41 - 1,1 i•ooe3lr
Wet a urwel, pour on tWr or Ihner n ••
wash the face nigiq oh 4 morning.
Su A isu MAPS En•r - Wrt yourr
hrt,L ill ..it warm or onl , l wator. >r
Xlll 7
wo • .1" thr, drore of It%ltfi I
rnb 0)o henrd wr•Il nod It nil
benutirol 1401,r much fArtiltnt..ng rth. Nvernt.on
Print. only 15ft1 cow,. y
Fetri , l : . , . A C. , propritier. an , 1 B A r,,,t
, Nlrcntr BroP .it E ftellerw A
Dr H. Kepler nod fl. Nfiner 3 1 . ) ,I'
:Aid Beckham & Nicaeuttan, Allegh..n) rity.
$ a- Dl' L e LI my Pills, preparrkt by V1.1.N1 I
Rit• I:I I'* FrOLII ll.n iii..ll. :
• r , Utlila.•ll) fi u 411 4,CLEPt, Of lip' • .u<.e V. it vo I
t.t..e.rthh• r• • t • ettnytetlem I• 1 the cf.,
!..ve rule in All .li.eastd of the Liver awl ItStutztue rt,
I.lluurit62 : , ncer from Tortnu., lwp..iy u mt. ..tr :11,1111
the proprtet,rs hwy.. recotrod
}foams. Yiewonp ttrer —Ssre I take the upteterlnnlts
informing rOll or the Inn..n te I have , Ur
}ll.arte ' s valuable Pil(a. '1 have fur Pa., yean past boars al.
flirted rAh a •,(71 , 1. tAitt oar the yr.., Act ,, naisatt.-d with
lI , TVOUJIIits. and a rsiw , or dit.7.14.11. 1.1.1k..1) i.••• .111
poirtn. rand skill of eti physicians t•• re,ssve sal .taw
as far an f myaelf could Jt.dgn , hy a altstsastrl scat.. .
the 11•,r and etutremli. Soule el the I Kim..
umi sarkus oilier remedies were 14 . d, but all le ram, n.,
the .:•11.-ess.ted cheeses stilt stuck fast. At labi I prncur , ....,
Lea of psur valuable Liter Itoto a drugatol nor. , . 14
I , el. aft, tmkAtti; a ;....rtwu [Lent, Iw.l the doss...
seneafbin ..set the else Ilea almost enurely loft in-
I will close by .Irieing all those an l !Ave be. it, to
procure the vainatsie mediame at once, aml ear. much 611,
11141/4):14.11, 1 , 4111 4.ittlo Mil/etas. With einessru gre.titinla
t rranalts yotira , nspertfnily,
PurrizaJwre mill In. MI I t , . /Lek M . 1. 0 , 0., tesl,
Grated Lwwr ltiGt , nmnufweturvil by firmlra , or
burgh, PA Al! uther liver Pali, in ettllliellltutti, art, rtt
1.w.. Dr. briatur', 1.11, t: lee , I. l.r:41•,1
,rulifug.., tau now be hail at all rworwrlnt,l•• drug Nl,' •
Nt,lo.lo..allillt. a LL h nut the elgontur. al }LEM IN I. ftlu )r.
Aire, far mile by tho 6,/la tYruvrietort,
Elucv_vearmtv ta, J. KiJkl Cu.,
Na. CO Vl'uvxt utrool., corn, of Fourth
15112211
.gyp-From a Member of the SODR.I.
1.N1A.---I hev, used D. la.ar G.l. ',mud Ulr.
caaalan Liuimunt in my family oa verii.us occaaluns witl,
entire liatiLaction. I consider it I, ~,vereigri remedy in
of pains, bruin., ryratn., ote., ntol w nvomniand tt to
Uu• afflicted. J
September 29, 1899.
Dr. MoLano's istrnovxo Liver Pills and rumor= Vermi
toga, also Dr. 1. 24::otes CMobrated Whi:o Clr.xissian Lint
moot, pr , •porol solely under tb' supervision of Dr. I. Scott,
a regular Medical graduate, anti Plosician of extensive pre°.
tiro. Noun genuine, only as prepared by Dr. 1. fkott. d Co.,
Daok Plano, Morgantown, V.rginla.
NEWS PROM THE FOUNTAIN READ
5101tUANTOW?1, VA., Sept. Li:, I KU,
Thu r:s L. certyy, That I JINN, exanalni d the Ite,itin for
preparing Mines Improved Vertnituge and I pruved
Laser Pills by lir. I. Seiitt, who hum been in the habit
paring and using iny original medicines In my calico during
the. Inst thirtra.ll yearn. not that I believe he hini Unproved
-ni. I f.• the mite vt i'llugly an 1
h :...,rest then; whatever 1' 'ill:, 34. D.
Dr. McLon"', INraorrn Vie - tilling.. and ikiparirmi I.l^or
ReCoMpritilod by rent:irate 4,1 c `iti_Lanti, (or W. by
prtigglirta and kfarrhanta ev, rynAi, r.
DA. GEO. LI. 6 PYPER, 140 IV 011• t., Whoheele Agee:.
1)k. .1. P. FLEMING, Allegle.ny, near PAiik...ll Le•re,t,
Wholenale Agent.
keL..7:riaseker
Arir ..—We have Just reaem4l our FALL : : TYLEB
SnPT DR} HATS of all vin!itio, 04.1.. rm a:of
m. 0.! WO 110 W datt•Or our»aivrw tilut W. Call P 1. ., 111/ 14.1.10
fav, , r us witb 11 call. MORGAN .4 et.,
anal 164 Wood atrs4t.
/ger mai Style.—We will Introduce ut gaturdsy,
August 30,186 e, oar FALL STYLES OF BILE HATS. Cali
and tee them. A good Hat for $3.00.
1020 MOROAN & 00, 144 Wood U.
=ME
T'o .t •
' e ,
~0 1 '
MEMO
il ~ Jo t
1... I I , r
! 1,r12•. er,
Tv., to, Apri!
Tur. t
._&DMEss.
Of Hon. G. W. Woodward, Delivered be
fore the Penney lvaula State Agricul
turn! Society, Friday. October 3d, 11450.
Mr. /'maiden: and 1%.110w-Citi:ens
A plain man who bas bad no experience in
farming that deserves to be mentioned, having
been honored with an invitation to address the
farmers of Pennsylvania on this interesting occa
sion, is somewhat at et loss for topics of discourse,
which are at once fitted to his auditory and to
himself.
Lt hat happened to him, however, to be i❑ cir
cumstances for many years that have compelled
him to travel much in this hie native State, and
have permitted him to mingle larwely with its
rural population, and having been not altogether
an ivattentive eusorver of men :slid I.hings, he
know. Ito better way of improving the present
occa , ;un than to speak of the r, ants of l'etiosyl
varia farmer.
Ina now semi man is ready t. , exclaim, the
tc , lnt, Lt . Penu , ylvattia futinera . Nay, are they
not the nio.,t independent ettltens. on our :00,
engaged in ,tipplying the want,- t t di othtr ela-s
-e-'! Do they 11,4 dwell in o,n:fortahle
and sit at beards spread with tic elizdcest pre
ductious of the garden and the farm, and s:ccp
in beds every feather of el Lich, home product 1.
they know to be good " It they not inhabit a
State lying in the choiet,c IfititudeF o f the hents
pitere, with a soil beneath their feet en d:vtrsi
tied in its capacities as to invite and reward
ry form of industry and euterprize! U., tn.)
not look with laudable pride to n terniot3
stretelt;ng from the Delaware to I.•ihe
If] all direction, with navigably
tuinpike, eanci c and railroads, sustainirg e
metce immense new, and to future growth
the boldest imagination has trodertaiten to assigi,
nt. territory so rich iv , tint
had it not an acre of arable law! •vould stir: I.e
one of the wealthiest districts on the contim iv --
a territory that maintains the most importa , d
relations to the other merit, rs of our p:, ri .u.
confederacy, er -al causer..
,
the v,ry keystone of I. d;. s. • arca-- lea.
ret,,wutel I •
acl Rt,l 1/ , t: . •
okt.•l w
winit, In Hear. . - 1111 1. , -aid of tt,e a ty/f3
it ,ucl. fl . rh.the- i.l .1,
f,r orrr mr-rked, ;;I
and 11 if! - - 14 , tned nvlhro, n:hrr .
k.11:4,1‘ , 111 • 1, r.wu M 1:u I.l'o/ , ACV
th. ng. lut 17341' II C , 1.1•l , th. r r-t it
diy.co
:I '111 . 1111• A
Jaye fq::•
y.Ol ;1. p..N.ttn; IL tt
•••••!'n ! l• :t.:
=MEI
r-1/1 .1 I, .14y, -1 r':l rnll.), r tor
=ZEE
) (/1. , 4!
hnn nnv w
cr 11, I ::.OtA•
went f.
First thenit t•
intt R 11 1 ,11 4. ift-tr,!'• it , 4t•
r.: 4 , 1 U. • "vucrt,
i'ltate• Ari.l t . t.tiaty 'r t . I ;I
as gencrnlly •IA th,y t.,
Fty,art. Sij., tritlier ot krtlP I.,•ty of C , 'l
Ler.% 1111.1.brUltlicti at H,,rr•wl p. 1 ,1
ferrite :11, , date ‘;r:( wit r .
It j.
yCllra. (If Ir, •1 , 1at..t,e It /14. , , I , Tst• C . 42 0
the aCr...l.l " Urt. .1 :I
fc,rm , ,11,,n el C.,1111,11.0.1
“f MI! ! i. 1 ,
t 1 stirlurt! • I toe
I=l
r , sti.tinfr ftne. (.(
fc,
tt4 ' WO . % r • " ,r J. ,
ul Abe hAA non , I .r
•••.. al•rPfliyt.l%,.'
ViEttlt• - ••,-t :VAD - 4 . • •:7••
‘,.1 yet it it tree. t(,,10
interne[ which i••• ;ht. n
tbe Society 5... Ly tar, t.,.• l•tait. , I tot /
Tat great
nor even Lotto/iv4 Jet
pert of the tit.tte. ;••
Oat. , tdrotitioti w;;.;
(hp. rOl4 at,' 131,1111 1.,'
in &Wing 1147.1 4ireeting Itr IS.' s •
'I - , rt. '0‘•••1) operat.:. c . • ; , !.1
/
ita).• • I 1./124. IP op -I" • •: ,•
; tier "WC; 1 .1 .:;11.;cp • • ;;. y
e. the iri;jtrcrte
v if :04-?1,-1 r.
hfl.{Orr;
I,ll.tigNir,l,i, tilt tK
•rnr • • •Ar !
rn Kil.lr ranai:. i,
' r ri . , 11'11
11114 70 •!, .1
rr-r
vo , .rthy of ~ ,k rl-“ to !1,41 ,
Aympsihy aSW rh-c. .. •
r.+l}' ~h~uv
4 or- 4,1 ta.lir r.•
I , II
C2.3P , 11..c . , • tr, 1. 19t• vqr,
Imp-A•:1 •tnp;ent. •f
(“.• rz;er:ifinica! ingetto.ty • I
tog. It t- expeTte•l thet en e 4.• • • f•-•rt.'•-•
in the rre, , ent al; ! , ./..5t1141.11.. , ..,.
,mne cnltt ,hie di w. ‘t•tti., tr.; the
of tuazhi:.cr:s t.. :210 iar.oll, net. , “1 agriculture,
mult,pii.2attou k: . ..t .
Oat worth poe,,oing And the tact norreepotels
with the vipettatiuu. There are .tipr,,verneno,
more or les° valuable, in every cutoomnry in pie
moot of the farm—inveott..na su-h to the
the reaper, and the threvher, alit
faallfta: , , the labor, of th e far.er— %unto 01m
m.° new mph:mm.lm sail goo .117ationa
one.b.it proril•.• fhlr:y tut ! :t, thl
Mint ?i• ee• .••n , •^H • if: ,
if h F , Luts
lor own home, toe ageotot ta..e v“.rtil'e , smachlue
to Kure to hod him out and to impose on his iguo
rune°. Then comes the vehement denunciailoti
or the Yankee cheat, and the tn.l.Ectiant rttject,ot
of all applies' rneeinuery. If that farmer
reudal the last fair übh,rVed the different
petterde :urttruilo•nt witrt-osed and compared
their praettcal opera4tott, hoard Irmo other
teotimony einerlertec, he tumid not hoe..
!w• .. upon, wool I het . ..1...e% ...iv(' l t;te
irettle- 1.11•111‘ . ., wrath, rind woul.i
hnvr g,,r. e I,!ne, .1 1...1 as ,mpr .ved to:d,
nit impr,ned I...k.tte . b...tual,itt.
The agricultural fair tries every man', work,
of who: ~ort It in, and enable-. the fat tiler o.
prove all things and to bull foot tint holy w hi r !,
good. It is the care of empyrici.,m and im
pooture.
rue wages of labor arc a high and are still
advancing that the filmier :nii:t del end srt
and tore at labor :saving rnat•i.ines.
And let him net think it an evi: that wage. ,
have advanced. As the friend of the (newel
rejoiee at it It indicates the pro-parity of our
mining and manufacturing, and these celarge illl`
farmer's market. High wages promote the in
dependence of the laborer and the happiness id
his family. If the oust of breadstulls have in
creased in proportion to wages, which I doubt
other necessaries have not, but have decliued, so
that the working man can now clothe his wife
better, and give his children more education that,
at any former period of our history. He can al
so afford to consume more of the productions of
the farm than formerly. Besides these inciden.
tal advantages, the direct effect of high wages on
agriculture must he favorable in the end, fur tile:,
will compel the farmer to practice a mors careful
lin-tiandry. When he shall have to pay stoor ;
ttz:ii; a ay.roli for common labor he cannot tam: ;
to let Lis manures go to vi-tste, Lie fields run to
brambies and weeds, cell his co.iivaic i I snii
duce less than halt - of w; :e i r . 4; i, !
ding Two d , diars and a a day f, x• harvest
hands will make 'dean gleaning. Every spear or !
grass and every kernel of grain will be th-ught
worth preserving then. tout of this h-cis.ity.
already felt, for more expedition end exactitude
it the operaticns of the farm, is growing the in- i
creased demand for machinery, which is exciting
the inventive genius of our country and furnish
ing increased employment to mechanics, whilst
it releases more and mere of common laborers to I
other pursuits which can afford better than farm
ing to pay them the high wages they deserve.
t l♦
MINN=
=MIIMMIIII
r, I- I k 7 : 4
I,el EL rr,
11• 0
!nrc.
IMIIIMINE
IMIE=I
IMINEME
=MEM
I ,
=MI
=ME
I .0 I
DEEM
A~ .:_,~,
MOE
Vii:;,,; '' L_.~.., Y ; r _ ..e,.m,, ~~ -
,-._
For these reasons 1 dunot believe-the-high prices
cf 1050591 lsbcr wall prove detrimental either to
laborer= or to agriculture. But to what extent
mechanism can supply the place of manual labor
on the farm; whether the steam engine, that
greatest power of modern times, can be subjuga
ted to the purposes of the farmer; whether elec •
tricity can he applied to fertilize soils, and to
stimulate germination; or whether, indeed, me
chanical ingenuity has already done its utmost
for the farmer, are questions which will solve
themselves in the progress of events, and on
which present speculations would be more curi
ous than useful. One thing, however, is certain
—that the mere the forces to which I have ad
verted drive the farmer into improved culture,
and the employment of labor saving machines,
the more will he need the counsel and assistance
of agricultural societies—of that sort of knowl
edge and experience which he can acquire better
from them than from any other source that will
he open to him. When, therefore, I tell farmers
they take too little interest in the doings of the
society, and counsel more sympathy, more par
;leipation, more patronage, I point them in the
direction in which, sooner or later, they will find
their best interests to lie.
Another want of farmers of which I am now
to speak is sagricultural schools. Ido not mean
schools in which our sons are to have their heads
tilled with fanciful conceits and expensive thee
ies of agriculture, but schools where solid learn
-4 shall be imparted in connection with wactised
szrictiltnre--where the principles or - hibience
shall be taught, not as abstractioto, bat with
applications to every department orthe farm.
I said this Society had encouragetiathe found
ing of one such school. A wealthy and public
spirited citizen of Centre county has given a
valuable farm in that beautiful valley which
hears the LUMP of the venerable founder of our
State, and by means of contributions„ rom va
rious semrces suitable buildings have teen begun
and will he ready, it is hoped, for the opening of
the - school as;e-arly out next spring. The trustees,
who are men of sagacity and prudence, are mana
ging their limited means with strict economy,
and if properly sustained by an enlightened Le
gi•latnre and community will make the college
all it ought to be
In the minds of some of the beat friends of
Oita enterprise serious objections nro entertained
to the loection of the Rchocl: but it is believed
the-a wilt gradextly give way. Centre county
of tie best farm land and some of
tae litst farmers iu renroylvania. No where are
r.,..tter crop of wheat and corn produced than lu
N;ttany :Ind l'enn'w Valley, and in one of the
healthful ard'hentetful t..ortiotet of the lat-
ter 'LI the farm echuel to be planted. It was the
itenerusity of the loner which determined the
ation. The objections have reference princi
p,dly to the want of water and the distance from
railroad cerninuncatie , n. The fkret of Giese ()h
-ie lions I am to.sured can and will be obviated,
tr- try tile latter I have never felt Ate force.
f:., shoo” will he some twenty mllealroen the
rosiest itellnwl and in my judgm ,, nt tha►is near
enough. !toys had better ho away from the
temptations and annoyances peculiar to rail
^oa 1., wh.lo. acquiring education. And surely
eon travel mile' without 'deem in
r tirsurt such •Idiantages as this echoed is to
L tier
.Sot the 1.e:.! ir,ly %isle objeotions, whether
e..! or fermse.i :- not io oppose thin school but to
' , II I up others
Kchoois sz-r needrd in other parts of
. 4 taic There ought to be ooe in the Baal
our to tiol Went iutmechately. There is an
ioyiai nuptial en o ugh in the two great cities
t t !be extrethatea of the theta to found and en
-1..0 ouch gchouls, anti there are unemployed
noy4 enough to fill them.
It is a mistake to suppose that nos common
.4 . 1)001A are Rillththellt for the agricultural classes.
They are taught for the most part by young men
sn I women who Gave had no e,xperience in either
pr,.-twai yr ti)eoretlcai agricu'ture, and who have
rtis,!ereJ th,,,,c natural sciences on which the
f actt a'rure Ir.ta they are overrun
• ut,l , lrs-n, rho ret-b in for the wit.
• et h• t • 1,,..rr .. , rt , thing of the very rudi
.... a 1-:eirtlth sod who
t . —tt 1. u t?., lapt of 'ping to the
nn .1 cF^ :Aral, 10 plarr.Uo a rotted or
4'l ra..tever g.f nil the philolop!,y
the-1r ernrlc. The resainy,
• •.; e, i i . ..e, ben:KA,' ogre
tt..ooll.lltP, but I 1T01.1.i
• . Ike 10^T ,f I 'el. 0.4:, Mill\ :0 oi.
gr. .1 nt t I,racrice
ran a ,tl,..at a kn,a
~t A O,l h a t I hi:,pophy
„ XPo , u: ctir 1,1::.bet... T 14.-
1 : i, —e wLiell ruN y
..• Fi I. I. • t of 14 1 -e t , ',. .1
,•. .I:3l , r.•crrnrot of tht
- I:, u. rt.llltir , or to tie
1 . 4 c ....weal cri-cuatt by shett,r
1-y ar. tinti the ii4...csat9tt.4x: *sup", 13:14 . 1 Le
C'- I-7 cttvr , nenlicd Lmeition, awl 62v-ir
• , prat:ti44rl by many a man al: ,
• . rra! tot L. rr write, his mine. The
undert"d..o4 !hi= well, and taught thou,
• . reef . , " G.V./ .r. they aut•jug„isted, however rude
an i I:lrt,rcau. Theyriarried them into Britain,
and Notittint Canter Went ott with
. tit an ilia of agricultural literature. until Sir
Intl ,oy Vitt eiorbort, one of the Judges of
it. Cototnon in 1684 published a tree
i•••••• oadeal trio •• Book of Huithanctry." and an
thir I` , l'• cr.:titled "no Book of Surveying
ati•i, I it, pre •roient." lelian it &man honor to the
, Nry 111,0 t.. vr•ts the first tera..n
.i•itropt ,.. .l to enlighten. tie rdtgli•h ancestry
• y ariotig ot. the art of syrrioulture, and I plead
,•,‘ •r• ,11 Lai of the objection sornotttnes Urged
and ;•Wyrra.oll3 , l , o7a tot to onelille with
tei.i•it:titro If you would
_lodge of the uound
-I,r a elle: et h.. h this quaiht o',l judicial farmer
-1. r., 1-ko tor folio/ring extract from hie wore:
nuidothdry "Anti over and teriode all th . e,
l 4,lrive tbf Toting farmer to rim , I.
.11 11. , -te ruing sae) to go aloilit Lis ellorr.i..
, r.. 1•. and epreially `•••• his hetigt- , , wid
tee purse it pair of tables, .13.1 alto
ieeo•h ailyibing that would be ainooded
..• o n, him isk`liew, for n luso wfways wan ler
Icg 4-r g•ong ftbJwi foulewbur, Andeth or sveiti
.h :s 2nd 111011h1 Le antentird And when
home to dinner, supper Cr at ti,ght,
Irt Ir.in call his tailkt, or head servant, rad
sr him the defaults, that they may be shortly
nuien.led AoJ when it is am-ndert them let him
i•ut it out f2O tablen I MU not Burr but
that tunny of ttintiflittof the 16th century tr3tt!,.;
he ‘34rrel to the agriculture of the Inch.
I,ut back of these prtee;ples of practimildigri
tod,ure, underlying the whole operations of the
fqnit, ere great natural laws which it is the busi
ness of physical science to interpret and explode.
1 be.ie linllrts can not be taught without competent
pi—le-sore and appropriate apparatus, but they
can be best Laughs in eoboole thus furnished
whlTh connect themselves with practical agrionl
tur-, and horticulture Bence the idea of agri
cultural s,•huols said colleges. They have been
tried do Europe, and movements are
ou foot in oeverul of our sister States for their
organization, though I em trot aware that any
are yet in operation. If Pennsylvania shall lead
the way in a sound and enlarged agricultural
education as she did in building turnpikes, bridges
and railroads, It will constitute, another claim to
the honored title of the groat Pioneer in the
arts of civilization,
The charade/4' the instruction to be given in
MIA schools liaaVieen well sketched by Prof. J.
B. Turner, of
t ris, in a paper which may be
seen in the Pti dttbee Report of 1851 at page
ilia plan comprehends the study of the
nature, instincts and habitirof all animals, in
sect,-, trees and plants—of the nature, composi
ti..n, adaptation and regeneration of soils— of
political, financial, ducntstie and manual econo
my in all industrial processes—of the principles
of national. constitutional and civil law, and
especially the laws of vicinage and comity he.
twoen neighbor+ and of book-keeping and ac
counts. Chemistry, mineralogy and natural
philosophy must necessarily enter largely into
such a course of education, and there ought to be
ad led; it seems to tae, a course of history and
something of the classics. Surveying, drawing
and landscape gardening would also be appropri-
ate accomplishments.
This seems like a formidable array of studies
for a young farmer to encounter, but as the lion
in the pilgrim's path proved only a shadow when
approached, so will all difficulties vanish before
the resolute and earnest minded boy who
prosecutes with diligence these delightful studies
in a school fitted for his advancement.
Fellow citizens—farmers of Per nsylvania—
ti.ese things are not unworthy of your eons to
I,%riti, but if you would have them learned you
must, out cf your abundance, aid in the endow
ot.•nt and support of agricultural schools. Bay
not that your ::one can farm without all this
knowledge. They belong to a country and an
41/ic that are bounding onward with unprecedent
ie.! power toward the sources of all light, and
they !oust advance with others and everything
around them.
The problem to be solved is not how ignorant
a farmer may be, and yet plow and plant sue
ee-sfully, but how much he may learn of those
'..two and principles of nature which touch his
oeupation. If enabled fully to penetrate the
arcane of nature—if life and death are hidden
in recesses too profound and mysterious for hu
man eye to explore, there is still a vast field of
truth spread out before him on which new light
is every day being poured, and into which the
:
2.4 '
_ c 6 yt it y3
P j f . ,,:
4
highestdnselnots4ot' - hisstturebld - btmle enter
and occupy.
It is sometimes objected that the cultivation of
the mind unfits the man for the labors of the
, farm, and doubtless it is the great fault of some
systems of education to do so, but it need not be
so, and in our farm school it will not be. Muscle
is to be developed as well as mind—the band is
! to be guided as well as the head—add we hope
to sen`d'out fuliTroportioned and well balanced
men, as capable to work as to think. The cul
tivation of the intellect need not weaken the
arm. Our sons shall. be as strong to labor when
they shall have learned the properties of soils
and manures, and all that a farmer need to know,
as they are now. Ignorance qualifies for noth
ing. If knowledge be power you increase the
effectiveness of labor when you increase its in
telligence. The blind man cannot farm as well
as he who has eyes.
Aud when we shall.have begotten a generation
of educated farmers—actual tillers who know
what they do and why they do it—we shall have
elevated and dignified our agriculture—eefined
our rural population—and have added value to
every rood of ground within our borders. More.
We shall have a race of farmers fitted to adorn
any of those many stations in civil government
to which, under our happy constitutions, they
are liable at all times to be ealled.
I love to see farmers in our legislative halls,
anti our executive offices. The sound sense
which the farm begets serves the public a good
purpose in repressing the vain imaginations of
mere theorists. But when that sound sense, no
wise weakened or obscured, shall be enlarged,
enlightened, and refined by such an education as
I advocate, the educated farmer will be armed and
equipped for any intellectual conflicts to which
his country may call him, and shall be able to
guide the affairs of state with the same discre
Lion as the affairs of the farm. We want agri
cultural schools.
Next, we want smaller farms As a general
rule, Pennsylvania farms are too large. if a
man have capital enough to stock and carry on a
large farm properly--lhat is, so as to make it
yield up to its full capacity, and at the ; same
time to be growing better—there oan be no just
objection to his adding field to field, and farming
largely. And there are some advantages pecu
liar to large farms, such as a greater diversity
' and a more systematic rotation of crops, which
the man of large means has a perfect right to
purchase to himself. But generally speaking.
the capital employed in carrying en farms is
Ter) , small, and the rise of farms is coat f a'l
broportiou to the means invested. It is a dis
tressing sight to see fields half tilled. Such
farming is pernicious as an example, it corrupts
and finally kills the soil, and degrades the cause
f agriculture. It is not for me to say how many
acres a farmer ought to cultivate, but I will sae
tsar he ought to attempt no more than he ea::
cultivate thoroughly and well. If, instead of
hurrying his sons off to the West, as they glue
into manhood, he would divide his farms of
two or three hundred acres among them un
til each of them and himself should have but
Vt . ) , acres apiece to cultivate, it would not sur
prise me to bear that he and each son hiyi
found fifty acres properly cultivated more
productive than the whole had been before.
The Romans illustrated the importance of tho
rough tillage by the following apologue : A vine
dresser had two daughters and a vineyard; when
his eldest daughter was married, he gave her a
third of his vineyard for a portion, notwithstand
ing which, he had the same quantity of fruit as
formerly. When his youngest daughter was
married, he gave her half of what remained. end
still the produce of his vineyard was undiminish.
ed. This resulted from his bestowing as much
labor on the third part left after his daughters ,
had received their portion as he had been accus
tomed to give to the whole vineyard. My im
Premien is that Pennsylvania farmers might re
rat with great success the experiment of the
Roman. The large ideas which are so strik
ing a characteristic of us as a nation, and in gen
et al so honorable, have taken an neortunate di
rection .n lictating the size of our farms. Ido
not.enow how large a farm Citicinnottus cultivo
ttd, but I think it did not exceed three sorts
When Endo landed on the coast of Africa, the in.
aatittanta, diiipose4 to be hospitable and genet--
Otis. her as much land as a bull', li1:.
cover, and when, with a woman's wit. -1.,
out the hide Into smai: slips and enclosed a larger
.irtii.n of crown I than ra t s intended, she La '
ese terrttory trr :he ruastuin.sent c ty au.,
••1 i,arthage than mon i'ennejivithia
anal oozupy Ami, nowadays, in the
tensely pal ulate.l districts of Europe, five acre,
an ample twit; and vi rge
for the industry of a ts.milv
h.r her nr f alle;,0
‘Aith the tucrea,.e of population
in I'enu
rauia and under the influence cf cur Int,•ate
:AVA, (lust way be perpetual, our `utur•
ten ieney ueceotarily be to smaller Ism- !
wontid hasten and increase that tendency
sound public sentiment If you have Oct
dien..,to endow, sell half of your landaaid employ'
the prefeteedalti improving the rest.
Small farms will enlarge the basis of out agri
cultural population—will bring in a careful and
exact husbandry—will increase productioz—end
enhance the value of land. The more dense the
population of a rural district, the better roads
you will have —more social relations--more
schools—more churches. These are all great
State objects, not to be sought, indeed, by h
gialators which would restrict farms to a given
CLICIISIIFP, but to be promoted by a sound public
opinion founded on observation and experience
More care of manures is another want among
Pennsylvania farmers. On this point, as on at'
others. I speak in a general sense. I rejoice tv
tose that there are some farmers, of whom he
o r M t . Airy, the esteemed President of this
Society :s an iilnetrious example, who take all
ease of e.ery sobs...lone that can rot as a thing, of
entue Nothing Roe,. to waste on a farm din.
managed The compost heap is ever at hand to
receive the droppings of cattle and whatever can
he o f use no longer elsewhere. Hence the sta
tiles and the cattle yard are kept absolutely
clean mid in that prepared heap, the ammonia
tact and retained by a little Plaster of Peri
drtly sprinkled, arc maturing the powers an•i
properties that are to quicken and enrich the sc.,
act to make the ecru laugh and sing.
Put I have seen many a brave barn situated on
the brow of a bill with a yard stretching down.
the elope to the public road, the accumulations of
the winter scattered here and there all over the
hill side, sometimes frozen and then thawed--
now drenched with rains, and now dried in the
sun—every pattiole of virtue crushed out be
avail the boots et uncomfortable beasts, aro:
washed down to fertilize the ditch of a turnpiko
for half a mile. When the farmer takes the
exhausted remainder—mere husks and shells—
on to his fields and calls that manuring them,
be allows himself to expect a good crop, but dis
appointed, he concludes his land is worn out,
sells it at half price, and goes off to the West to
repeat the impoverishing process there. The
fault Is not in his land, it is in himself. He has
allowed tho fertilizing properties of fact barn
yard to be washed away or to evaporate into this
sir, and whilst hie fields would have rewarded
him if he had given them their dues, neither tb
atmosphere nor the turnpike thank him for what
they have got.
You must not deem this a fancy sketch, nor an
isolated case. Such indifference to manures
may be seen in almost every farming district co
the State, as if we had amongst us disciples of
Jethro Tull—he who jetzt - minced into England
the drill system of husbandry, but who tepu:
diated all manures, and taught that rotation of
crops and careful tillage would supply their
place. I have known one citizen-to be indicted
and convicted as for a 'public nuisance in suffer
thy . leakings of his barn yard to distil into a
spring which supplied a neighboring town with
water. Isit not strange that a man should wait
for the criminal law to teach him better bus
bandry!
With our matchless barns there is no excuse
for waste of manures. The Pennsylvania barn
is worthy of all commendation. It deserves al
most the rank of an Institution. It is a mag
nificent symbol of economy and humanity. In
traveling through the rich prairies of the west,
and observing the miserable provision made for
crops and cattle, often mere hovels, thatch cov
ered and always inadequate in size and arrange
ment, the mind recurs with pleasure and pride
to the stately edihoes that dot our farms, that
shelter our horses and cows from the pelting of
the pitiless storms, and that preserve our crops
from winds and rains.
Let our farmers add only, at small expense, a
shelter for their manures and systematio habits
in the preservation of them, and they will be a
light set upon a hill for the illumination of agri
cultural:classes throughout all our country.
When manures come to be appreciated as the
great fountain of fertility and worth, and some
day not long distant they will be, the carelessness
of our day in their preservation and management
will be looked back upon with amazement and
credulity. The time is coming when every bone,
from that of a chicken to an ox—when every
dead dog—the offal of every kitchen and the
ashes of every hearth, as well as each decaying
leaf and plant will be cared for, garnered - and
used to fertilize thS land. It will be time
enough for us to seek out pigeon roosts in dis
tant islands of the sea for manures when we
shall have exhausted the resources at hand. We
often overlook the blessings we have, in quest of
some distant good. Let us leans to prize, pre
serve and use the fertilizing agents that abound
around us, before we tax ourselves for foreign
0.1
- manures or 'condemn bur Tatra§
unpr,,fitlale.
Again, we want better breeds of horses and
horned cattle and Letter breedine.
I wish this Society wouid take measures to
ascertain how much homey goes tiuntuilly out of
Pennsylvania to pay for cattle and horses. The
observations I have made on this subject inclines
me to believe that the aggrigate, would astonish
every farmer. I dare not:hazard an estimate
but suppose it is only half a million of dollars;
can any man give a tolerable meson' why that
sum should be paid to farmers And graziers in
Ohio, Kentucky and Canada, instead of being
distributed among our LAU). DOUhtles9 . tur lime
stone valleys are better adapted to raising the
cereal grains than live stock, and ye* e• cry- far
mer in them, if lie would introdut e 'maier breeds,
could turn off a first rate horse sod pair Of 41-
lecke every year for the marke . But we have
large districts—several countie..— ,ebere soil and
grasses are exactly adapted .4 - cattle raising,
and nothing is wanted but a larger outlay of care
and money in selecting breeds, and more skill and
pains in feeding and rearing. These cattle shoWt,
ought to trohilince the most skeptical that the se
lectest gd.oele can be raised in Pennsylvania, and
the state of the market proves that the business,
pursued in proper localities and in approved
modes would pay. I would encourage our opu
lent farmers to procure the best of stook and to
rear carefully. Whether they be hogs or sheep,
horned cattle or horses, let them he of 'the best
breeds, cost what it may to obtain them. I;
means are small buy few, and meant will increase.
If at a loss as to the best modes of rearing, con
sult the experienced; breeders, who will always
be found at these fairs, or read;the transactions
of this and other Agricultural Seeie'' , record
ed and published for the instruction ftl who
are seeking the better ways.
Well brad horses and good beef awl mutton
are decisive of a high state of civilization, whidst
bad beef and unsavory mutton are a reproach to
any people.
There is one thing of great importance to farm
ers, not wanted by those of Pennsylvania, fur
they are in the full enjoyment of it, but which it
is of the utmost importance to them to preserve.
I mean good markets. Without these, agricul
ture can indeed exist, for, unlike ail other hu
man employments, it is self-aupp - orting, but
without good markets it cannot prosper cots
flourish. What, then, are the r,,nstitnent ele
meats of a good market for the farmer? I un•
ewer, rnanufacturicg, couanerce and currency
In a Stat. where timber, coal and iron ore are
so Abundant as in ours, and whose geogtraphimil
position and internal improvetneuta afford such
facilities for obtaining raw materia which we
do not possess, and for exporting tit products
of our ,h , ps and factories, manufacturing is an
obvious necessity. Were we the dullest people
nn earth we should be driven rat° it by force oi
our pc.sitcli and enudi'ion. We have not pros
tr,resred in this form of industry as fast and no
far as our natural advantages would have ju,t4i
lied, but still cur manufectories are numerous,
various an i increasing. Philadelphia and Pitts.
burgh are, I belieio the most mmarifneturing
t was on the contorent. Around every bins ,
furnace and rolling mill, every cotton or glass
factory:every workshop and coal mine, the farm.
er finds consumers for his surplus,
Production makes commerce. Until a people
have produced more than will surto!) , their own
wants, there is nothing to sustain commerce :
for, however, they may want their neighbor
heve produced they cannot obtain it till they
mice furnished themselves with the means cf ex
change. If the exchange is to be made in 1110-
icy, that don't grow epentaneeusly, and must be
obtained from those who have it, by giving them
some production which they want nitre than mo
ney. But when agriculture anti manufacturin7
have produced more than the producers consnme,
then comes commerce, and with it the merohat.t,
the factor, the nev,irstor and the transporter, to
be consumers themselves, arid to help others ti.
consume the production of the farm. It was t.
I,onelicient appointment 01 Providence that Om ,
linked together and made inuthalLy dependent
•aus t -, great occupations of secitty. Hostility
Let•xeen them is as unnatural as between m e n,.
tiers of the human body. As well might the
Mind-. say to the feet I have no need of you, ur
tar• eye tu the ear I have no nee,: of thee, ns
013.: tlgrt:tl:tor,•, 1113111.161Crnrest v.. 1 cerement,
4 ,,,,
sh, u1..1 att. luT•t to , lispen , e th each .nth, 1.
15 cat ti..l h..., j,ine.: together not 111111 Nl'
.oars !er I:. that 'mil soluble, 'l , rts-on 11.1 oi:,t
~1 I.r th e n, these great intere-ts Olt , till OeCt.t,t.zt.
- t to the e,ettizetion and Imppinea- el' the race -
Ice. [cu,: ail tat - est-1i or decay tcge•, cc.
It or r3:5 ...- las :he.. that A iletti f:or•trltatertt Lttt
;t•rt titr, t.t 1,3: ',Or Of three interes.-, 'led e-r
‘.la::y tt
0/!C fl/L. , : 21 , /lt!li fl!..
the benefit of t, it violate.
(beanie, pellietratei. grent leretig
r!) titttr.ll..n f
cur
necm.soi
;,e on objert: , ,n.
Liach, burthen.a.are inel.g. than ..,o,oropeuiAtc,
by the peace and gook' order which A•c•veruccelli
utaiotains; and since agriculture poys directly
large taxes to governs cat, a 1.3, t 3 34portiu_
p.,1 other industry, enlarge c ',clans:Ty the bas;:-
o: taxation, bounties and apprormihtions out et
t',e public treasury in aid of agriru , ture are for
toe common weal and quite justifiable. But all
I..giniation for the proteci.vn of one )trant.lr of le
luAry at the e"..pense of others: all interf , one
between the producer and ccnsun•or, with ilo
mend and supply, is as unnatural as i•
,r tino:t
to the farmer's markets. Lst the rrer hat.r
the markets of the world—the ad ,Ilr.man if
wants him—and the best price he AL get fbr his
productions. The magnetism of the plough, it
unobstructed, will draw to it the loom and the
anvil, and they will freight the ship, the canal
hunt and the rail car. Weights and measures
are well enough proscribed by dew, as inducing
uniformity rt.nd preventing imposition. but see to
it, farmers, that bad legislation do not spoil you r
markets. To whom you shall sell, when you
ttbail sell, r..n.1 at what prier, arc questions fu'
you, and no: for government: and if you:II-en,:
to free to come home With the price:in your itaPii
as you wore to go out with your product, you
I,,se half of your market. In the •,lowiug words
of Patrol: Holly. 1 would say: Fetter no'
commerce, F. r. Lt.t Ler he as free as air. S' e
will range the whole creation, and return on the
wings of the fur winds of heaven to Mess the
tad with plenty."
The subScct of currency is too large: to be full
treated In an occahioual address like this. It is
currency which mea.sures the value of every-
•hiug that labor produces, and regulates el
changes Of course its healthfulness is indis
pensable to the farmers' market. I remind you
that the Constitution of the United State., undir
which it is our unspeakable privilege to liveoxives
to Congress representing the people in every
district of the Lrion the exclusive power to coin
money and regulate the value thereof. This
power has been exercised, and we have a metallic
currency reasonably pure, with its decimal wane
plainly stamped, and admirably adapted to Neill
tate exchanges. The four bundre o shek.io r.r
silver, current money with the merenant, whirl.
Abraham gave for a burial place for Sarah. hail
to he trriyhed t o Fi hrou in tLe p - Isence of all
the people. The brass coinage of the Romans
and the iron money of Lyousges were clams)
instruments of exchange. We are more forth
nate. We have the precious metals so coined
that any child can tell their value—they con be
counted as fast as thought—and the chosen em
blems of our liberty, union and independence
mingle in our business transactieftwaxepose
among our choice. 4 treasures.
That these coins are abundant enough for all
purposes cf farmers is proved by the fact that
the general gove..ument, the. largest dealer
among us, uses no ether currency. They are of
uniform value—not sultiect to those spasms
which afflict a paper currenoy. The value of a
bank note depends on the ability of the bank to
redeem it, and tlint depends on the number cf
Titles issued. (hold ar,i silver need no redemp
lion. They redeem everything else. A paper cur
rency semetime ,, redundant—sometimes scarce
—and always more or leas insecure, keeps all
value unsettled and markets unsteady. If farm
ers would preserve their markets unhurt by the
fluctuations of such a currency, let their large
influence he exerted for the maintainance and
extension of the metallio currency—the coins(
money.
Hitherto, Mr. President, my observations have
been addressed to farmers as a class.
- .
Before I close, I wish to leave 11 few th-oughts
on the minds of other elasses--mechsnics, mer
chants, capitalists, professional men—all men
and women who eat bread.
I have hinted at the intimate relations which
the various occupations of society sustain to each
other. Have we duly considered them'! Do we
realize how they all depend on agriculture'
Look at a great city. What manifestations of
wealth and power on every band! The multi
tudes who throng those well built streets, how
eager snd active they are in the pursuits of busi
ne.s or of pleasure! Hew diversified the em
ployments of those that work and how various
and abundant the productions of industry.
The farmer, end that higher Providence from
whom come the seed time and harvest, are fel
gotten in that gay and busy crowd. Even the
market house comes to Le considered as is mere
urban institution. All instinct with life, they
feel all the resources of life within themselves. '
But let crops fail for a few successive seasons;
let farmers be visited with drought, or mildew, ,
or caterpillar, or any of God's mesifergers of
wrath, and the heavens shall be pierced by the
• • -
- at
--,t
%:,....,
wn!! that [,,ea qk Avii.k ft y ME. din
/ipliwirYdP-liaahtiit • •-• f-, 'JP rt-
I(/ "f their r " a 9 are - ' 1, 4010' , or:, ant 19410
apeottes, Famine.eel PI.. ! . 11,10118
through the matte of trvAle liter of
wealth.
rho grtwt City htai, no , couott nor t,
and ~hIo tirttiTh with theft owlet
Tu shot. -.retin, ;11l In oueth.
•
No foreign foe 'has .12w/tied that ci'y, but the for fountednof its lirphas beta touched, and
it is deitolat(i. •
Ilehpld a grca.t.artny,as it , marehce on, conquer
ing and to conquM , how terrible i enginesofde,,
struotiom how resistlese its ptwo.r,and yet let the
fanner withhold bread, and its bravest-bat
tenons: are as grasshoppers. Wlmt mere that'
1.110 titular dignitaries of the clo -.4 board *ere
those embattle(' hosts Welly as nnbled in the
Crimea, ex ,, cpt as the farmer fed them? Ay, it
was the fartn er ,- theinstrumentaTAX6Videnee on
earth Who 'lent cpurarot :tit - theist"; hearts and
sinews to their arra. It is even t.o. The ;wealth
of cities—the power of armies end of utrvics.`t
the greatnes, of nations—the fore,. end life of
Sooiety:—all things above mere savage existence
—are built on agriculture. No Other foundation
can man lay than that It is the art preserva
tive of all arts. Humble as ale its appoint
ments, it resembles iieverthele-I.s the work of
creation—the grandest display of God's power,
and deserves to rank among the trublimest
achievments of human genius. To make two
blades of grass grew where but one grew before,
what is that hut tc tiros creative power
, Yet such is the misjudgment s ni the world. we
honor this, the only heaven 11pr:titled Umploy
went of man, the least of all oft ti t ,. Our sons
pant for the -hort-tii ed dignities professional
life, or for the cx7.titriretits of ',rode arid com
merce, and turn away from agrir olture as from
a loathsome die 4.0 y. Even '6ll , Se:work
issleetruetion, is accounted - most . 1 - nnotable than
agriculture. What paini do' we take to celebrate
the victories of the sword, while: we disregard
those. of the ploughshare; as -if fighting were
worthier than fanning, and "Thy Kingdom bo
destroyed" a better prayer than "Thy Kingdom
come."
Friends and.fellow-citizens: %V should strive,
earl ono in his aPpropriate sphrre, to cultivate
abetter sentiment, a sounder phi:as:9o3T; to re
alize; ourselves and - fo 'maks oft ers realize the
Jeep stake, we ell have in sr,riculture. Let us
rtmletnber day by ley ear daily bread. All are
tiJe to ream frrtuvrs—that were o mar the relir .
proportions of society: but all can encourage the
efforts which are made for the advancement of
this great fundemootal Ititerest. Irk one way or
another every man can do something to aid agri-;
culturalsocieties.and schools. and eines, the chief
agencies iu agricultural reform, still poor 'the
horn of plenty all over the Thad, and pay back,
chrortgii an improved husbandry; all they receive,
and meire—goodniciesure, pressed &MD, and run
ning over.
And when ;seats and deficienries shall be all
remedied—when our agricuitth e shall have
reached that point of perfection that is perfectly
practicable—when Lill and valley shall he spread .
over with h, yrottkarry thoroughly tinliglkteiked—
when edncatirn -1111: become e.r.iversal—and a
ouuel moraiity, snot: as usually iessocistes Itself
with the f.tris shall he ell - truss(' hroughont Ulf
sdasses— our land yielding its inerske , e according ,
to its full capacity—our political institutions,
•;;I: firm and strong to protect and bless oar mu'.
•ipiied millions, we shall enjoy in all the realities
~f a living experience that giorions ambient of
Israel's wrant
Alinstrel—
"That our fame shrtul.l rrom rp oa y‘ - wq: pleats,
That our daugbferr eh( old he rig roiner,tones,
Pollehed after the guffltrthle of a reflaffe;
That our gamorg ALL ul , ' tw Ant,
Affording Nl.l mauve r of vt. re.
That nut-shall, 6th..T.11 brine fortl. th.f,ateh,
And fen thou:nude it ocr rreeta;
That our *Atm shoulfrhe strong to hshoe,
And flea e effonhit.e. c•nr,truts."
With all the nnet:on of the floss:Al:lig we may
add :-
- teepee drat. pi, i. in ‘ll-1.1
•
DIED:
the Thm wlnv ev.mlr. o'eleek, of Cur.-
-nntt.th.u..lA frE!l"/If tiSt „at 1%) yo tir ,
friends azit: ralmty 4:e rerpeetruily
.wired t.. attend the funertl at nee IA
his
n.t....e, Franklin etteoet. >stk Weu - A. :r,.. .Satttr.l.y)
rn..n, at
At Mt Uni..n.lAti.ti.ntritor : 4 1, in tir 1 0 e , y.n.r or his
11 I LIJ.kN: .it•nS h 912 N :7, .Ir.. ti 01:4. W. J.
iconntz.
f0r1.41.1 will NI,. p 1.1... SII I.•
.1.. r
r. fr•nu a • a-1" Mr,.l.
la,: ,aa a•a a.. (7 `43.. '•
..t the ..a a•
NEU ADVERI ISEMENTS.
11T A VINT; rti. , i14;,..,A) 44 y n•L in the G ro _
t • t• M.or PATTON, r
•..••••• luny rty ri.or, to In) oust. nc, own,-
1.•,, 11,21 L, 004 ::/.
1 cc arn in) :/is..k. lor tbr • it...ral pa i•-.s. .. ; , e I..,..tewea *a
..er. widb-li, b....1n •-r. l,y •-•,•ii adi ri:ol. r 1 :v few neok•:' at be obi stadd ,-• •• [V- u:/ ..I.4sounts. ...... a t.i.:oar Lnewiug
tn.. n,•. d.. - i •.•: •1•... d ,il i.• 1,11 ,, Me 111., :., . l ha, honing
C! te.ii.l.i 1 , , ,, ,, ; 11:..I. !,..1 1.. It. .611 A. VO. .
'TIIISINFMB4O, ' . 44 l,?.t '''' ltlii r ii,,,,
15 MAlt MU - , ik a Pattonh.l.isionz titill . , ll P.' D.a.
.• a. of No. I, hi the. ill.a.turo.at re , peciltati'a:-lielt n romiNtia
;,.a. of old ...t.,0„..ra.. - assating 'arm thlttyhoy may always
d.openti upon Intredineing-llNtren , D:W. ".; , ptene and fz.roity.
, i r merles at ill, o'N Nand. Thu % infruil Guying alteget. her
fir cash In :Ili- tent tnalil . : -, 1-‘. Fiair mµact pod long experl-
Noon in the grf , r , .l - ‘ Imilni'l4intabliiiithein 1., do so, and tiiie
foi}owitn; aill'ho'n,lr ..y.,..1.,n otA,ing buaineee• "b
An arti,,,A rrilDiA AM. i - .t tild'annillerd living profit. -•
Nis slatt,rwet will La. made Dr.= the lad:a ...ANL
All g.aele turret hs paid hn.ors d/iirery. , .
~..
Th.. public will stve.toury dollars it,. tlto Cams of if ie.,
r..: - by patronising titti . ria,.y money iiiiiiil.ilia:Drikliall. 1110.0
all:, gine credit al, s.).E charAe. inz;:oriiin G , y • We ore deter
nVised to try th- cash a - i skni and .ilicit k . a.sh purchasers to
try us. UV/U:I.A •k , YATTON.
No. 1 Diamond. No 12 )larkel 61rect...e.1 Federal etret...t •
Ailegt,ody.
R EMOITAIC.-::J-0117N l'Olei'l...ci talc .2 mrent: •
r,
.•
pleasure iu aunounc.tig to Ids en , tc-uters and rho.
public that he has secured Ilia iiiiiaciol.ii trod calaniola.,
norm. No. in liArta I. Ffreet., next dogs td .li t ho Orr .t (b,
Ito will relearn hie large alai rhil,isili et.Ccir of Full . anst
it - Cater Dry Goals on tin, hit, init .to tiit.ii,h in will lot mar
king additions of :1: , !tteat novoltie.s, coutinttally, oloting
th- cr.a.iii .
oc_tl.Nrd
HNI
ou,lilloLD FiIIiTUI,E AT ACC-
TION,—On Tu , ..eday inorr.ing. cer,ls-c 7th, at..leg
...dock., :it the resiN no• of .de: John D. . ivinretot, on liar •
tk.,•n,burg Pike. io 1-,wrt oi , tille. uric tie residence of
ll,:c,ilin 1....`C1i. liiia . ir ili 1 , • -dld the inn ro 1.1. M. hold and
Kitrhen Frill:1,011ra ininprirt.lir eiitaarar ri-ith•qiny hair in at
Sidi... 1 1 / 1 0 talk O tote, came: at, I pier tat i it. tail raelt. -wal
nut rio'icr, tine ril..11.11• il OK,. choir. lima, nail tool I 1 , , , ,
N.,.1 b.', top tholaagoo.,7 Ore, iiag. ~,'l place tail. AU, iiinli.,po
a . wool, aril a rk .:nude, ea,: tied 1,,- poet tied...lie/ids.
il ,t leer 1,-de and t -..b:lng, mar. hark ritte.r.raw riiiiiire-151 , 4
'IOW .an, and Corrirnar, Hole , and ci - rlrc-s. p.,0 - ,, eh.rtir,or
~
And stair rarpida. 1, , , , ITP I •ICIV tl-.. 0 t.-. -i ar..l fire irons, - .
rod a gvueral aiwortio -a: o,' di , dll, , mit! - li.a , iirraittirc,
making u:ensila..te. air. P. M. DA VIP.
oat
Auct'r._ •
V
EW ItOOKS AND .51At;.AZINES--i
A. 1 Hamer'. Stir Miintlilyl.lo,tiliii -lei i i - th Leber. ~
Ph Wallin .. - .. ..
K nickert..ocker .
31ra tioTliena' Illnand.od ••
Panour.ma of Life and Litenduro
Ilarprr'qolt, Boak.•the .I.lcovo •• •••
bridle's Lidice ' (inaotto of Faxhion
UItR P, • .
'Palo of tin Great by Mr,. Alai,
riot ISCOGIIPr Stover area i•up•pit 0 •
The Mils of the Filiatnnin••• by t bar or tLo Wide,
Wide World.
The &no - pleat cif ' KAI:ao by liis Uri ba her alticv , by .
Win y,
dust reci•irod by FE •Nht di C.
oc4 "I " st i the Theatre..
ri-.lg-- JN 1.4i11) .15CILLA.1 S A YEAR
for 1,0.2/ r . 8. 1 .• 47 , 1 {:its in liana. i erure you i good
ordori•t'.ioih;zilinglb-at. a lar•.•• int of c - rottnii,
and aioula • roos, f• ,, I111/2 howl, well ••` gooil SVF.:er
plaa-antiy liStraNi i•n Mt it a , diingto , This b. a Tarn.
.:home to a cure ta - bur_io• ,S. ClJT.lll:tiwr & soy,. •
.oc4 : Market atrret.
ALT X 6 001) D 10IVA,:
Fir rale by S. ' , MKT & foN. •
t•I Monet
A dirr.AP - 11 . 0us, A.Ni) !APT 'in Bearer
A
St root. in E.:sr./tint:l:um, ono on Mt.
W•o•biaitten. for anti an oasy toiintonythhoi in 04..
say of Mon.., and Lehr eat! it tt,e ”(.411 • t.,11 OfUo
of
• S CUT!! T, KRT & Aug.', '•••-'•
oci t
1 }Sachet btreeL
M .
EW LITTTIrErs.I Y BOOKS -last reveived.
II Th.. 1-V.t Timor an Disci...ion of 31onieti
ton, Theme+, br .1. A.
by Hxv R. Weiser.o,,renari Captive. or Piety roofing the Lowly.
Catharine t' !worn. er !b..• f i'ier. by John a-
Morris. Alegi , Liathri.ot lijsr.ea iu variee, Mises and styles_
For onto by . 3 01LN is De
" 04 nova Yourth et.
A BOOK 17'0i: T:1 E
/Inert of Kanstre, by 'ttissoitri awl le r allies, being a
History of the trrinbleg to Krr orw from t' isois.s.o , of the
or,rinie a. t. an-d the a... , • 114.7:41 l y Won. ! haps,
spoilsl ol the N. Y. Triburoi tier Kansas, just
re- lord by t•. l • • , • ,111111 8
0.•4 ; 4 .. tr. m.:kut.
BRED! DREI)7I ! DitEDIA
pky of 31r1. StUßeb'seti we
' • ' - 101EC - : 7 1)ArNit.4", -
.0 - Abuhei. near Fourth et.
TO --- TEIE
nm hsllltif[erlCot 1 •
do Pennsylvania State Pair. by.f, YE' . or.o
lor, ..torq t ei oyttN mol -..4egant- and
costly that'arilved.fromlltos.ori tkal late lt.r
tho exhibition, may bu 4con robavi on 11',t ,, 41
beta'' en Diamond alley had rotarth
Tho ladies 0 4 , 474ffttirta , r.d'otibegaly,itinrfitipitcUttry invi
te.' 5,. call and AtELLCH,
oc4 Agent tvraii, keying .4 Eons.
FRENEONT .51' P ~ ,rt, , ,p93adents . ,
cah beantipliod nifh , ontrnor.t T.ll7rEfl,nd
WPT: stanapil at W. c'.
ov.l Corn, of liarkototol otn.
ANEW SUPPLY Mrs.';tote!' ~ 7-. " . ;•7 ‘
Work juNt •,I;,Ela T Ile • t h.. Cr.:a • Di.—
mal Swatap, by Itra. IL-or/let .Ivvelter lutant Ufa-
Ott Tunis Cabin," vokraes l'••••• mo. cintb, f,.•r oak by
11. lIIN/sll. 00,
nalthiield et.
NEW RA 18 i NS.-50 Boxes prime new
Ituiaiva juat reogra.4.l and for
...1113r emir by •
311 A .; • N DENSON,
ttrvet.
0 (LEESE-300 fer sale 1 y
ocl K. COLT.
_LA
_
IME-75 barrels fo- sab:. by
oe4
rI..LIN.S. •
TAMED 1.'2 for
43c4 11. 11 . OILLINS.
rI I OOTII BRU.Sligg---.6577:gr0Ns 711,treL,7:t.Et
and Air saao , ( ete4) , - ELE- 11 /543 IMO&
.
,
a.' ~.
• , .,,....iA , M
..k..0 . 7• 4
1
;-;'•.-.•.,--':?,,X.:4!
===!!
of 2tielock
1. Lr.il
Tito fricao.
:+, .. r~ ads,
, !..t:''7:.:':'!','.: . '.t,".,:;.'•:... - .....4 , 1',.:'#1.:
, k
k
N.