eration of these principles, range front one • per cent. to more than two hundred per cent.' They are prohibitory on some ern-, cles, and prtiolly so in others, and bear' most heavily on articles of common neces sity, and but lightly on articles of luxury. It is'so framed that much the greatest bur-1 den which it imposes is thrown on labor and the poorer classes who are least able tol bear it, while it protects capital and ex-1 empty the rich from paying their just pro-1 • portion of the taxation required for the support of the government. While it pro tects the capital of the wealthy manufac turer, and increases his profits, it does not! benefit the operatives or laborers in his! employment, whose wages have not been increased by it. Articles of prime necessi-1 ty or of coarse quality and low price, used by the masses of the people, arc, in many instances, subjected by it to heavy taxes, while articles of finer quality and higher; price, or of lhxury, whieli can be used on-' ly by the opulent, arc lightly taxed. It imposes heavy and unjust, burdens on the fanner, the planter s the commercial man, and those of all other pursuits except the, capitalist, who has made his investments in manufactures. All the great interests of the coun.ry are not, as nearly as may practicable, equally protected by it. The government in theory knows no dis tinction of persons or classes, and should! not bestow upon some favors and privile ges which all others may not enjoy. It was th© purpose of its illustrious founders! to base the institutions which they reared,' . upon the great and unchanging principles of justice and equity, conscious that if ad— ministered in the spirit in which they were conceived, they would be felt only by the , benefits which they diffused, and would secure for themselves a defence in the hearts of the people, more powerful than standing armies, and all the means and appliances invented to sustain governments founded in injustice and oppression. The well-known fact that the tariff act of 1842 was passed by a majority of one , vote in the Senate, and two in the House of Representatives, and that some of those who felt themselves constrained, under the; peculiar circumstances existing at the time to vow in its favor, preclaimed its defects, and expressed their determination to aid in its inotlification on the first opportunity, af fords strong and conclusive evidence that It, was not intended . to be permanent, and of ; the expediency and necessity of its thorough revision. In recommending to Congress a reline- ion or the presentfates of duty, and a re- ; vision and modification of the act of 1842, I am far from entertaining opinion unfriend ly to the manufacturers. On the contra ry, I desire to see them prosperous, as far, as they can be so, without imposing une qual burdens on other interests. This ad vautage under any system of indirect tax-, ation, even within the revenue standard, must be in favor of the manufacturing in terest; and of this no other interest will complain. I recommit - id - to Congress the abolition of the minimum principle, or assumed, ar bitrary, and false values, and of specific du ties, and the substitution in their place of ad rolorem duties, as the fairest and most emitable indirect tax which can be impo sed. By the ad valorem principle, all artt cies are taxed according to their cost or value, and those which are of inferior qual-' itv, or of small cost, bear only the just pro portion of the tax with those which are of. superior quality or greater cost. The ar ticles consumed by all are taxed at the same rate. A system of ad valorem reven ue duties, with proper discriminations and proper guards against frauds in collecting them, it is not doubted, will afford ample incidental advantages to the manufacturers, and enable them to derive as great profits as can be derived from any other regular business. It is believed that such a sys• , tem, strictly within the revenue standard,' will place the manufacturing interests on a shMe footing, and inure to their perma nent advantage; while it will, as nearly as may be practicable, extend to all the great interests of the country the incidental pro t xtion which can be afforded by our rev- emit! laws. Such a system, when once firmly established, would be permanent, and not be subject to the constant comp plaints, agitations, and changes which must ever occur, when duties are not laid for revenue, but for the "protection merely" of a favored interest. In the deliberations of Congress on this Subject, it is hoped that a spirit of mutual concession and compromise between con flicting interests may prevail, and that the result of their labors may be crowned with the happiest consequences. By the constitution of the L'ilited States it is provided, that "no money shall be drawn from the treasury but in consequence of appropriations made by law." A pub lic treasury was undoubtedly contemplated and intended to be created, in which the public money should be kept from the pe riod of collection until needed for public uses. In the collection and disbursement of the public money no agencies have ever le..en employed by law, except such as were appointed by the government, directly res ponsible to it, and under its control. The safe keeping of the public money should be confided to a public treasury created by law, and under like responsibility and con trol. It is not to be imagined that the fra tne.ts of the constitution could have inten .ded that a treasury should be created as a place of deposite and safe-keeping of the public money which was irresponsible to the government. The first Congress un der the constitution, by the act of the sec ond September, 1789, "to establish the Treasury Department," provided for the appointment of a treasurer, and made it ins duty ',to receive and keep the moneys of the United States," and "at all tunes ,to submit to the Secretary of the Treasury and the Comptroller, or either of them the inspection ot the moneys in his hands." That banks, national or state, could not have been intended to be . used as a substi tute for the treasury spoken of in the con stitution, as keepers of the public money,is manifest from the fact, that at that time there was no national bank, and but three or four State banks of limited capital exis ted in the country. Their employment as depositories was at first resorted to, to a limited extent, but with no avowed 'Weft . - tion of continuing them permanently. in place of the treasury of the constitution irs ',•"; , . ' siO 1 :117Ct , • ac rw . , r,;" I , • •tk 4P " P 41;44 * 1 r . + 4 • . 41, —a ". a **J..% •t 4 A't t , 404 *l*. 13: " it! t;, 4 r '4,044 iit i .tbiorlia:4l4447 4 "l: f if • • ' When they were afterwards from time to time employed, it was from motives of sup posed convenience. - Our experience has shown, that when banking corporations ,hate been the keep ers of the public money, and been thereby made in effect the treasury, the govern ment can have no guaranty that it can command the use of its own money for public purposes. The late Bank of the U nited States proved to be faithless. The State banks which were afterwards em ployed, were faithless. But a few years. ago, with millions of public money in their keeping, the government was brought al most to bankruptcy, and the public credit seriously impaired, because of their inabil ity or indisposition to pay, on demand, to the public creditors, in the only currency recognised by the constitution. The fail ure occurred in a period of peace. and g.eat inconvenience and loss were suffered i by the public from it. Had the country been involved in a foreign war, that incon venience and loss would have been much greater, and might have resulted in ex treme public calamity. Thqpilblic money should not be mingled with the private' funds of banks or individuals, or he used ' for private purposes. When it is placed in banks for safe keeping. it is in effect loan ed to them without interest, and is loaned , by them upon interest to the borrowers from them. The public money is conver ted into banking capital, and is used and loaned out for the private profit of bank stockholders; and when called for, (as was the case in 18370 it may be in the pockets of the borrowers from the banks, instead of being in the public treasury eontempla• ted by the constitution. The framers of the constitution could never have intended that the money paid into the treasury , should thus be converted to private use,: and placed beyond the control of the gov ernment. Banks which hold the public inoney are often tempted, by a desire of gain, to ex tend their loans, increase their circulation, and thus stimulate, it not produce a spirit of speculation and extravagance, which sooner or later must result in ruin to thou sands. If the public motley be not per mitted to be thus used, but be kept in the treasury and paid out to the public creditors in gold and silver, the temptation afforded by its deposite with banks to an undue cx pansion of their business would be checked, while the amount of the constitutional cur rency left in circulation would be enlarged by its employnymt in the public collections and disbursenv-ms,and the banks themselves would, in consequence, be found in a safer amid sounder condition. At present. State banks are employed a; depositories, but without adequate regula tion of law. whereby the public money can bs secured against the casualties and exces ses, revulsions, susrnsions. and defalca tions, to which, frsni overissues, overtra• ding, an inordinate desire for gain, or oth er causes, they arc constantly exposed. The Secretary of the Treasury has in all cases, when It was practicable, taken col lateral security for the amount which they hold, by the pledge of stocks of the Unite.' States, or such of the States as were in good credit. Some of the deporite banks have given this description of security, and others have declined to do so. Entertaining the opinion that -the sepa ration of the moneys of the government from hankiag institutions is indispensable for the safety of the funds of the govern-'. melt and the rights of the people,'' I rec omiriend to Congress that provision be made by law for such separation. and t hat a constitutional treasury be crrated for the safr-keeping of the public molter. The constitutional treasury recommemi r ed is de signed as a secure depository for the pub lie money, without any power to make loans or discounts, or to issue any paper whatever as a currenrp or circulation. I cannot doubt that such a treasury as was contemplated by the constitution. should be independent of all banking corpora tions. The money of the people should be kept in the treasury of the people crea ted by law, and be in the curtodp of agents of the people chos , n by themselves, ac cording to the forms of the constitution; a gents who are directly responsible to the government,who are under adequate bonds and oaths. and who are subject to severe punishments for any embezzlement, pri vata use, or nnsapplication of the public funds, and for anv failure in other respects to perform their duties. To say that the people or their government arc incompe tent,or not to be trusted with the custody of their own money, in their own treasury. provided by themselves, but must rely on the presidents, cashiers, and stockholders of banking corporations, net appointed by theni . nor responsible to them, would lie to concede that they arc incompetent for self government. In recommending the establishment of a constitutional treasury, in which the public money shall be kept, I desire that adequate provision be made by law for its safety. and that all executive discretion or control over it shall be removed, except such as may be necessary in Jirecting its disburse ment in pursuance of appropriations made by law. Under our present land system, limiting the !Minim price at which the public lands can be entered to one dollar and twenty-live cents per acre, large quantities of lands of inferior quality remain unsold, because they will not command that price. From the records of the Goner! Land Office it ap pears, that, of the public lands remaining unsold in the several States and Territories in which they are situated, thirty-one mil lions one hundred and five thousand five hundred and seventy-seven acres have been in the market, subject to entry more than twenty years; forty-nino millions six hun dred and thirty-eight thousand six hundred and forty four acres for more than fifteen years; seventy-three millions seventy-four thousand and six hundred acres for more than fifteen years; seventy-three millions seventy - -four thousands and six hundred acres for more tban ten years; and one hun dred and six millions one hundred Emil sev enty-six thousands nine hundred and sixty one acres for more than five years. Much the largcs portion of these lands will con tinue to be unsaleable at the minimum price at which they are permitted to be sold, so long as large territories of lands from which the more valuable portions have not been selected are annually brought into market by the government. With the view to the ..,,._r.,'-7: r.:,F^ 3+:X39.ARN :i:-' 1~~e;.Z~:a:i. ::"': F?i3s~S ' E:`..z-".'cS.: ~'rawx ....,+..... sale and settlement of itiesci inferior landii; 1 recommend that: the price be graduated and reduced below the present minimum rate, confining the sales at the reduced prices to settlers and cultivators, in limited qualities. If graduated and reduced in price for a limited term to one dollar per acre, and after the expiration of that term for a second and third term to lower rates, a large portion of these lrnds would be pur chased, and many worthy citizens who are unable to pay higher rates, could purchase homes for themselves and their families.— By adopting the policy of graduation and reduction of price, these inferior lands will be sold for their real value, while States in which they lie will be freed from the incon venience, if not injustice, to which they are subjected, in cosequence of the U. States continuing to own large quantities of pub-, lic lands within their borders, not liable to taxation for the support of their local gov ernments. I recommend the continuance of the pol icy of gruiting prelemptions, in its most; liberal extent, to all those who have settled or inay hereafter settle, public lands,; whether surveyed or unsurveyed, to which: the Indian titlemay have been extin-i guishil at the time of settlement.—: It has been found by experience, that in consequence of combinations of pur chasers and other causes, a very small quantity of the public lands, when sold at public auction, commands n higher price than minimum rate establishes by law.' l'he settlers en the public lands are, how ever, but rarely able to secure their homes and improvements at the public sales at that rate; because these combinations, by means of the capital they command. and their superior ability to purchase, render it impossible for the settler to compete with them in the market. By putting down all competition, these combinations o f capital ists and speculators are usually enabled to purchase the lands, including the improve-: meats of the settlers, at medimum price of the government, and either turn them out of their homes. or extort front diem, accor ding to their ability to pay double or duad ruple the amount paid for them to the guy ;eminent. It is to the enterprise and perse verence of the hardy pioneers of the West, who penetrate the wilderness with their fain:dies, suffer the dangers, the privations. and hardships, attending the settlemet of a new country, and prepare the way for the body of emigrants who, in the yours, of a few years, usually follow them, that we are in a great degree, indebted tar the rapid extension awl a2grandizeinent of our coon- try. Experience has proved that no portion of our population are more patriotic than tin• hardy and brave twit of the frontier, or more ready to obey the call of their coon and to defend tier rights and her hon or, whenever and by whatever elletlly as- Salted. They should be protected front the grasping speculator, and secured at the inteiminn price of the public lands, in the humble homes which they have improt by their labor. With this end in view, all i vexations or unnecessary restrictions iut pose-d upon theta by the existing pre-emp tion laws should b.' n•pealctl or medifird. :It is the true policy of the government to afford facilities to its citizens to become the uw 04- ri of small portions of fair vast public domain at low and moderate rates. The present systom of managing the mineral lands of the United States is beli,• ‘ - .ed to be readily defective. More than a million of acres of the public lands, suppos ed to contain lead and other minerals. have been reserved front sale, and numer ous leases upon them have It-en grained to individuals upon a stipulated rent. The system of granting leases has proved to Is• not only unprofitable to the government. but unsatisfactory to the eitiz!ms who have gone upon the lands, and must, if continued. lay the foundation uf murk future dillieulky between the government and the Its- , es. Acee h lig tee the ottr-ial nsiords. the :uuouni et" rents received by the go , . ern mutt for the years 11:11. 1842, IC Li and 11114, was . .*:t.; :454 74, wild , the expens , 2s of the stew during the Salle pernat, in cluding salaries of superintendents, agent, clerks, and incidental i spcnv•s. wort. twen ty six t110115:111,1 one hundred and eleven dollars and eleven cents—the inconi , . being lecs than one fourth the ex pens T o this p , euniary loss ma: , . ad , h.d the injnry sustained by tie , public in consequence of the dostru , tion timhor, and the careless and wasteful manner of workim , the mines. The system has given rise to much litiga tion between the United States and individ ual citiz,ms, producing irritation and ex• eitement in the mineral region, and involv ing the government in heavy additional ex penditures. It is Ixdievell that similar los sea and embarassments will continue to oc cur, while the present systtlri of leasing these lands remains unchanged. These lands ate now under the superintendence 'and rare of the War Departtta with tin. :ordinary duties of which they have no proper or natural connexion. I recommend the repeal of the present system, and that these lands be plated un der the superintendence and manag,ement of the General Land Office, as other public lands, and be brought into market and sold upon such terms as Congress in their wis dom may prescribe, reserving to the Gov ernment an equitable per ventage of the gross ainount of mineral product, and that the pre-einpti,m principle be extended to resident miners and settlers upon them, at the minimum price which may be esta blished by Congress. I eon,' roation of creamers, which oan enter with Palo). I refer you to the accompanying report ! many of the harbors along our moist now Ineccrwibl, to of the Secretary of War, for information crarels "1 greater draught, and the pearrimibMty If co i n_ respecting the present situation of the ar- r,: u „ r a i l i' a '4 ,,,, n r i n e p ' ,l l ,, n o t a h n e „ in i:,, e i r o i d or 4 " ::L it r i , r4t , ° tr i s m i objmi. a ! my and its operations during the past year;. Whaler., may have been oar policy in the earlier stages the state of our defences; the condition of‘ of the govetninent, when the nation W3lllO its infancy, tne public works; and our relations with burr aloppina interests and commerce rotnparaively 1 ~„,,t, our re 7 10Urces limited.onr population 'yarn an d the various Indian tribes within our limits: scarcely extending beyond lhe limits of the original thin or upoa our borders. I invite your attest- 1 tn, ~...ih e r; that pnlirry mn tharomtat:ree hec;asent o riealliyhadniffetw-eeTt,,nmoiwi. tion to the suggestions contained in that intro of p a eo e epl ''rew that our commerc m c, married in our . own report, in relation to these prominent ob- 'hips, is found in every yea, and that our territorial i boundaries and settlements have been to greatly expand jects of national interest. . ed. Neither our commerce, nor our long line of coati, When orders were given during the past, on the ocean and on the taker, can 1w successfirily de. summer for concentrating a military force 1 6, nd..,i against foreign R.:great/ion by means of furtinea on the western frontier of Texas, our 4 inns alone. Tneaeare essential et Important commercial soul mIIiI it ry potato,. but our chief reliance for this Object troops were widely dispersed, and in small oast be on a well osganized, efficient navy. The ben detachments, occupying posts remote fronilep l e resulting from such a navy are not CODAIItd 10 the each other. The prompt and expeditious! .... k ln a t Atl antic tact. abroad,The p r a od re u e directly iloiio dependentthein"onwhiiicrhe Innunier in which an army, embracing more: twiny and freedom of iur commerce. The occupation than half our peace establishment, was i ~o f l im oe f Plallze if trelow New Orleans hy h a l hostile rffle , e .d wonlfi r ' drawn together on an emergency so sud- the fit, 1, 1 --ie —AsPfZit t n s ti t eagffneaettelhe th evalue w h o l e export e l e he r") ; t g ribultu fel den, reflects great credit on the officers! products of the entire valley of that mighty river and 'who were intrusted with the execution of; I",',rt w never been our policy to maintain large etaiiii• in "'"- these orders, as well as upon the discipline! tae minks in lime of peace. They are contrary to the • •, of the army itself To be'in strength to protect and defend the people and territory of Texas, in the event Mexico should com mence hostilities, or invade her territories with a large army, which she threatened, I authorized the General assigned to the command of the army of occupation to make requisitions for additional forces from sev eral of the States nearest the Texan terri tory, and which could most expeditiously furnish them, if, in his opinion, a larger force than that under his 'command, and the auxiliary aid which, under like circum stances, he 1 , 1r0,9 authorized to receive from Texas, should be required. The contin gency upon which tte exercise of this au thority depended, has not occurred'. The circumstances under which two companies of State artillery from the city of New Or leans were sent into Texas, and mustered into the service of the United States, are fully stated in the report of the Secretary of \\ar. I recommend to Congress that provision be made. for the payment of these trolps, as a small number of Texan volun tee N, Wilolll the commanding General thought it necessary to receive or muster into our service. Du ring the last au :tuner, the first regi ment of dragtxma nnele extensive excur sions through the Indian country on our lxmlerS, a part of them advancing nearly to pos,;essions of the Hudson's Buy Gun pany in the north, and a part as far as the South Pass of the Rocky mountains, and the head waters of the tributary streams of the Colorado of the West. The exhibition of this military f o rce among the Indian tribes in those distant regions, and the councils held with them f the cowman- j dery of the expeditions, it is believed, will! have a saltiniry influence in restraining tlicin from hostilities among themselves, and maintaining friewily relations between them and the United States. An interest ing account of one of these excursions ac companies the report of t h u Secretary of War. I ' wrier the directions of the War'. Deparun(•nt, Brevet Captain Fremont. of the corps of t();tographical engineers, has been employed since 184'2 in exploring the country west of the Mississippi. and be yond the 12(neky mountains. Two expedi tions have already been brought to a close, ' and th.• reports of that scientific and enter-. prising officer have furnished much inter esting and valuable inforumtion. Ile is titaw engageil in a third expedition; but it is not expected that this arduous service will be completed in season to enable me to einninunicate the result to Congress at the present session. ( her relations with the Indian tribes are of a favorable character. The twilicy of removing them to a country designed for their perimment residence, west of the :%lis sisiippi and without the limits of the organ ized S!ates and Territorie s. is better appre ciated by them than it was a few scars ago; while education is now attended to.. and the habits ()I civilized lire are gaining' ground among them. Serious difficulties of long standing con tinue to distract the several parties into which the ( 7 herokotls are unhappily divi-, deed. The efforts of the government to tuf-' just the diflieulties between theta have heretofore proved JAPlStiecessfuT; and there remains no probability that-ilik- desirable object can be accomplished without the aid of further legislation by Congress. I will, at an early permit of your session. present the stilu.iet for your ronsideration. accom panisl with an exposition of the complaints awl claims of the several pAties into which the natio n is divided, with a %jolt' to the adopt ion of such measures by Congress as may enable the Executive to do justice to them respectively, and to put an end, if possible, to t h e diss , ll, , ions w Inch heft„ Inng prevailed. and still pre‘ad, among them. I rent, yon to the front! Of Ow Set many of the Navy (or the n,r.ral rondillun ni that Aram h • the nal,nnat deter. e: and (or rave onages:ton,. haven; for 110.0 object ine In , re:re of or Oft, tents, and a culler ecnnunly 1n lla maaa 4 , r In r,O fkirin: the p.Ol year the office,, and men II Ine hot coed 1 heir doly Ina art okounry ni•ttner Tn. * lot have keen give n ha!, hero rite ttled with pronlotot, and rid. Itty. A far:, (cte often formed one mnstiron minder our 5 .g. was readily enirateil In 11.. Culf or M. lien, and, ain't:o,ol, wutono tout, 0 rant' 0 0 e.perlatly lu be olwer•ed that, • ern het tndlng Ile union of n.O on,tdrral le a fame, no 3.1 ty I, Tomo/ lied !to t! the )ealotos of an Writs trA grower rairlS r .41(tto all Sri .(raz:re—toll, and !hat the co tunand, of the moo idiot, and 111. office, in Moe/ confront , v well, 111, trin Iratalon, holdin; theinwlve, err, a!'y Inc the torot only, have tirllfreed 11, Oil! purer glory of "nOlO,lOlll in the prelso•abon of d that at all nit! (nteizn stations the h inerfl b.,. hero tnatniatned, and that. rails, nor 'tidos or war bare Len di-din:oohed for the r enod dociplkne and nrtfet. inn en add that the iliirtoill, n. 31111111 0. true which was rennlred by ,yenoi o f 0 0 rumor r h . ,. keen wholly within the .011•1 soproptotinn, tor the !mom,. n( the year, so That no additional approsittat ions air rt nutted. The ennune!re of !lir l'nhed Stales, and With it the naviz tnterew, have •teadlly and rapidly Increased tinrr the rtrtrniilr iltnn of mir:covernment, until it 0 lie. tiered . are now Refund 10 lint one Nl*, in the Wei Irt, and at en dlelaril Say or nlralt rOlishlr Ire Interior to none. rtoroed a, they ttitot ha• keen a wise on. her In allord to a low Important Interests nroleellOn Wllll °or •liiris or wan, didribtoled In the :reit 1 1,110r•ys of trade Ilirnozhnot the wnrkl. Tor more than thirty lean , thatoPttaltnn• have been made. and annitally Txpenaed, for the gta , lllll inert* - ye of oar naval forte, In our navy profortiol the trontlrlittit thitv nn orntecting 011 r Trimmer,. anti in the rvetil nr War, will tie, as It Ilan been, a most efficient mean , nf defence. The .atrre•alttl n.c nr menu, navieatino on 'the recall has brit followed hy the Introduction of war.•teanner• hr cre.ll and lorica-ini outlaw,. into the earner 01 the maritime power. of 111. world. A due regard to otir own rafely and to an efficient prOrtrlinD to our lame rod me, eaglet- 'miner, re demand• a rorrearendloz r. , Pale on our part. NO country hail greater facillt ien fer . i he eanstnnetion of thia deseilpi lon of Ve..fla than nor., or can prom, itself (rester ad./. Wafer , (rout, their aiofi ' ln meld. They are admirably adapted to Ilse pro. lectlen of our er•Fte, to , ne Iran.nOirrOott oho. lellipenre, and to theroast defence, in pnrmsance of Ihe wire policy Of 110 gradual of our navy, large supplies of live oak tin,hcr,and other materials for ship building. hare been collected, and arc now under shelter rnA in a ;date n( nod preservaliont while iron steamer% ran he limit with areal foe Illly in Varluill. parts ofilie I'. nine. The one of Iron an it material, especially In the EBE=1:1111139 aeOfol re our free Illstitoilostr, would WSW. 'MVP' bee item; on the people, and be dangerous to public insert,. Our retie nre for protection and defeuee on the land must be mainly on Our citizen soldiers, who Will be ever ready, as they eber have been ready In times past, to rash with alacrity, at the call of their country, to tier dere te. This description of force, however. canned defend our coast, harbors, and Inland seas; nor protect our corn meree on the oteln or the lakes, "liege Must be pro. (wed by our navy. Considering an Increased naval forte, and especially of steam totemic corresponding with our growth and Importance as a nation, sod proportioned to the Inmost. scd and Increasing nntralipower of other nations, of ram importance as retards our rarely, and the great and growing Interests to he oi - netted by ii. i recommend the subject to the favorable consider:it : lntl of Cringress. The repuit:of the Postscoster General herewith com• municated. contains a detailed statetheht of the opera tions of his department darling the past year. It will be seen that the Income from porn:tut 4111 fall far short of the expenditures for the year between one and Iwo millions nf dollars. This deficiency pits been emoted by the reduction of the rates or postage, which wee made by the act of the third or March lasi. No principle bay been more generally nrquiesred in Its , the people than that OIL department should enstain Orel( by limiting it, expenditures to ha income, Conzresti has never voughl to make it a sourer or revenue for general purpo-e., ex rept for is short period during the last war with Meat Britain, nor should it ever become a elvtrge no the gener. al trearoirv. If Converts shall adhere to this principle, ^` I thtuk they ought. II will be nere:scry either to rear tail the Ort's , nt mail servire, Kt as to reduce the expert. gibes re., or an to modify the art of the third of Mardi la•t an to Improve Its revennee, The extension of the mail ,ervtre, end the additional faelletir• which will he demanded by the rapid extension end increase of poen lotion on our ',Pomo frontier, will not admit of pitch moriallment as will materially reduce the patent expen• ditores In the adinstmeni of the tariff of poAtages the interests of line people demand,. 'lint lilt , 1 ..." rat" in. adopted which will produce the nreeerciry revenue to theesnenditures of the department. 1 invite the attention of to the Plit.t, 0 11:1 11 * of the rout !two, General on this .tut et, under the belief Oat •urh n modification of the tate law may he made as will yield sutfirieni revenue w:thout further calls on the reasnry, and with very little change in the prevent riles or postage. Proper tnestmont hare Men teken• In portrnanre of the girl of 3d Iltarrh laid, for !hr nlAbliolitnrnt or 111.... of nail stenntrro between thl• and forelvo ronntrles Impolldurn or 11,l a.•rvire commends fisclf eironzly to favorable enorldrration. With the growth of inir enitiotrY. the Freddie Imainerie which devolve, on the head. of the several Esecu ice: Ilep - trimento has greatly, increased. In tome respeCls.! the devrltartion of deo,. arming them weir. to Or* loco. erelong and musty of these might he transferred from (Wet to another with advantage In the politic interests. A! more ansoleenn• time for the cons'deratinn of this illbjeel; tiv Coe , with a view to .ystent In the organizat lon of the several deperrt memo. and a at,,,. appropriate divi don of the politic busine.•. will hot pro . .ably occur. The inns, untnrtant duties of roe glAir Department re- I In' , to our foreign affairs. fly the treat enlargement of the (entity of nations. the torten... of our romeneire, and! I lee correstwoding extension of nor conenlar syulmn. the! hooters* of thi. deparlowni It,, been crrntiy increased.! In its present meanie:tenni. many duties of a domestic) oature, and enneiselng of detallet, are devolved on the; F'oereiarY of State, whlrh do not appropriately belont 10 th e forrhin d•rinrrrnent of the tent. and may pro pert', he I ratisferred In WIMP other department• One of thew. ? ton, not of he prevent state of the law concern- It 1 g the Patent Office, which. a in. trenta sinc•, was a solwirdinaierl• Itehert. hut Las there become • dirtenct bu. r an of g seal inipmtante. With an eV . ..tient internal. organlzat l On, 11 It .till connected with the Slate Dewitt. ment. In the tranaacteun of it. looseness, onestions of, mach importance in inventors. and to the contootnilV.., fr. ott•ntly Arise, which. by .'zest roe lavva.•re referred for dr, ,i,ort to a hoard, of which the Secretary of Stale ; ts a nesenher. Thee oiled fon. ate legal, and the con nes ion which now exists between the Slate Derv:trim ml and II Nee., 110irr, may, with Steal propriety and advan tare, he transferred to the Attorney General. In his las, annual me•sage to Covegronw, Mr. Madison, invited attention to a proper provi.ion (or the Attorney General an irtlnoitani improvement in the everuti•e; retahlishment This recommend:3lmo war repeated by some of his enrcewn , • The Mr. tat Mitres of the At i Aorney General have Iwen much increased within a few senor, and his edlir• hag lwrorne one of great IMlmrtaeree. r His duties may i.e still farther Increased with advantage' toll, public interests, A. an eZerillOre officer, his re. wiener and con.lnneattent ion at the vent of government are required. Legal que.tions, involving omportant prin. , elide*. and iarte ainnuol• of putelle looney. are comitant. Iv referred In him by the Prenideol and Egeeittive De ourtment. for hi. evandnalon and declaim,. The peh hc be•ineme under hi. official management before the pi denary nap been no eengmenied by tier egtension of twirl §ercifocy and the art. Congres s anthorising sotto tr. :Most thr United Slates for larre bootie. of valuable Pad , I hk lands, IN greatly to larrease Ale !Mord and responai.l I the...flare recommend that the Attorney Gen-, •r.O he placed on time game footing whit the Heads °Mee' other Execnily• Departments, with sorb ruleardinale officers, provided by law for hie Department, ag may be remelted In dl.charge the additional duties which have! born or may he devolved on him. COY :fee. 00.1 ,, 01 I he power of exclusive trltistation err the District of Coltimhia: and I ronamend 11w Inter. , T. of lithaliiiaors to eon. f,,ectrahleconsiderallon.— he people of this district have nn letislattee body of their own,•nd nomil ennflile their Meal as Well as their !corral Interests to representatives in whole election they hare no eolca,and over WOO, Ornelalronddel they Wee uo control. Ech member of the National lotto 'atmr should entwider himirell as their Inintedia:e rem,' settlatter, and should be the mare ready to ate, his alien. I on to their ottereol4 and want., ImeratlYe he in not fey rrOovible to I her. I recommend that a liberal and eene -1 rou. spirit may rharacterwe your measures in Wailer., to them, i shall eye, hr disposed to show a proper re- 1 for Ihr tr wishes.. and, within constitutional .hall at all time rherrh Ile ro otwrate with you lot the, atleancenomt of that r welfare I tin•; it may lint he deemed inappropriate to the area. moo for me nu dwell for a moment on the memory o f the most eminent mimeo of our country, who, &prin..: ihr ...timer 11131 a .on. hy, has dmccrided to the tooth. The en.) pying,i of ,mo a need ace nf near Grut.r•rme V 1,11 •, the happy condition of hi , country. ehrerrd the Imo hour. nf Andrei,' .I.lclosomlol/0 411.00, 1 0.1 1111! 1110 in the tranquil hope or a files red Ito ntort alit y. HIP death AMn henry, a• his life had Is-en eminently it.eftli. Ile had an unfaltering confidence in the virtue and ca_ partly of the people. and in the permanence of that free government whirh he had h.r:ely anti Ittu rt 4 to ...1,h11411 end defend. iln. great 00041 S had 10 . (111,110 him the affection. of his fellow emu..., and it wan his happiness to %linen the growth and glory of his eountry which he lowed se well. Ile departed amidst the benedictions of milhons of freemen, The nation paid its tribute to his sneninry at his torn', 17omint. reneration. will learn from Ile, en amp?. the love of country and the rig Is of man. In hi. la nvnap. no a similar o r ca•tois to Inc present, ••1 now commend pall, fellow_citizeos, In the guidance of Abut:Jot. God, with stud iellanrenn Ili. merciful pro •ldener for line maintenance of onr free institutions: rind with an earnest supplication, that whatever errors it may be my lot to commit in di