f•=f-1-4 VOLUME XX.. MM! WAHINGTON'S TO THE 1 PEOPLE OF THE UNITEDSTATES. FRIENDB AND .13A147107441018 The pettxl foe a net* tilentiOn of 'a citizen to administer the executive gov ertiMitaliPite!ritittiti not far distant; and the time actually arrived when your thettglitl i musti be enwhisztd-ijt tfeinggatinetfie l porson Who is to be , elothed witlythat important trust, it appears to me proper, especially as lit map. condacei to ' , a morend etprezifiorf 'the 'public voice, thin -I should now apprise you of the resole tioduialhaei fertiedf•l6 l ritEOlitiel considered Mo'cnethe Aar. ot fhose out of whtm a ohoioe is to be made I beg t zoli,,st i tikspyo, ( 4me x do me the tustme,,,totle assi.. that ; this resolution has not been taken without a "riot. te:aallith9 conaidemtions appertelningtothe.relition,whiclebinds a dutiful citizen to his country; and that, in wipli4Awiiiix, hurler, of ser vice which'lllWw.e. ; ht . Xer,,,:sUmktion might imply, I am influenced by no dimunition in— terests no& fluency of. grateful respect for your past kindness ; but am sup ported by a foil iconviction that the step m compatible with both. • The acceptance of. and continu ance hitherto in the effieetolithiedi your suffrages have twice called me; have been a uniform sacrifice of inclination tcs4he , opiniorrof and to a *Ter ence for what appeared to be your I cotantly v hek;ll that l ..4 l lvoul d l lieve beet ,. utiffeiildmr. iibeiponr . 64.. con sistently with motives which I was not at liberty 40 thsregard, to return to tkat • retirement from which I have been re- Inotantly,,,drffrk • The streugth,of my inclination to do this, previous to the last election, had even led to the prep aration of an address to declare it .tp your; reflection onsthe thtin perplexed and critical posture of our affairs with- foreign , nations, and the unanimois . advice of persons entitled to zny, , 00nftdonoe, impelled me to aban don the idea.. I r,j 'Ace that the state of your con cerns, external as well as internal, no longer ren dens the pursuit of inclination incompstible with the sentim6bt - of duty ;=1 riety; and am persnadcd,whatever partiality--may' be retained for my ser vices;:thWin thed present eireamigin " o f 0111 11 4 1 1124 71.Y °1 i will flat disap prove m y detenpmation to retire. The impressions with which I 'fir.t undertook dw r ardnous trust, were ex plttined on ia. proper occaeicn. In the discharge of this trust, I will only sat that I have, with good intentions isontribined towards the organisat . ip9 and adMinistration f the , government, the best exertions of ;which a very fallible jtiffitUeilt Vas ei i pible. Not unconscious itr the outset, toPthe,inferi ority of my qualifications, experience in my owtiAtacitierheps-etilitnore in the. eyes .of others, has - strengthened the - motives to diffidence of yiyself;,mid _day the,. increasing we ight of y • ea .me , more and m6re, t Asa elutdo - 1 retirement is as lae.! oeemni Olikstf,a,a "it 10/ weicozite. SaYstettfritar anyuirettinstances have EatiA value my `aerVidez,' tike re 'temporary, r have the eoe aoylidiOte, thi4While .ohoice antillindence invite me to quit the' political scene, patriotism doeituot bid it, In lookitigl forivard -tte-the moment • whiottlittildinifitit to4briiiitiateltha ea reer of my public-life, my feelings do not permit me to suspend the lietlte kDOK(lll4l3lot. ;If . %hal' debt of grati tutWiihttiti t 'owe to my bekovp.4, vPun-, try for the manylionorait has conferred upwrignel still more for the steadfast confidence with which it haitillitoportedg me ; and for the Bppoittinitab I have thence maktLeti,of manifesting my invio lable atilichment, by eery**, ' . .: and persevering,,timagh inuttettulness 1 uncquakwtifft*/-Atl?~Lif benefits have rewia , ttAiiiPeountry from tket,)Ae,r t - i vices, let it alwass, he :. remembers 'to your praise ' , and as an instructive ex. amplelmente annals, that under circum stances in which tbq paailcitikitad ' in fiver dkeNoii**Sint to mis lai; 6nuiltt - apps ees sometimes du ltztechs&klist. .. fo_ne otten flia iffilliti nefifiAddlifiltinr fregnentlyil NW °Etna eeithflll cmunte• mooed the 82_4-4 of criticism—the constancy of Ycl/F4I9PPR# - iigi the • a , nodal prop of the efforts, and a anteconficdtatplawby Attain dicey. were effectitd u twfotikile getrtfilmot T eAtbi a t ILICA f 44. 11 . liew . it wit h me to iii n vi, taii4:sfro4 &akas% '.; unceasintectist Vat #III•VACIA)Vz 92,13 E tinll;49.3rAttl44liVoii , est tOle6i of.ritil ben e --"' 4yot t iiiiiiti9., broth= : t e ll - Vonuthrw rP ll 3 eit •?' 1 4 : work 'Etryitii r iiiibtoiaY` b asdredly maintairnsipahat its. administration, in evericAepartment may.bsetautped with . 'IWINa 4# , lvittuit -thiit,lin Al'. i .-: Watt Sil'llilkol4,'4; 0410 , zr ~. under the Auspices_ of liberty, mite- . - medittettipleterabyiticeiraftil,a4itia. Z t ration and„ „prudent, mg of t. t ' blenll 1 0 1 1 MNPIFe. P-tlier j he glory' o re commending it t' t i at *ul t . 49.-Asiticti4 and the adoption of.every-wationarhieh is yet a stranger to it -- . if. 4tr A U ..1 -,, : I : - ,1 1 1 1 1 0 ,80*104 1 .9ughNto *PP) a 1 a :: - aatiioattiasi i'for t your widfare r oato , _I apps nos e re.nitou o nor n-, :, ‘ 4l • , ,, i iiiir 11 .4 . 44144 . 011344 DA on an occasion it 3 thairt li ttiftilrer itiroifolir sot i; ' contiainforwon, and to recommend jar frequent review, some sentiments ~pve J 142 • A arts : _ a. • .I'l .00 . a, f 1 A 4' El a EreriEl !...4i) • • t. ! • ,Taa . F . • ' • ' • . Et e›. 7 o il ;El" r i .. .1 7:1 IF( • J, A A, • , „A. • t • r • ~ • , r / I which are theyeenit of. rmuph reflection, of no inconsiderable observation, and Which appear' to me all important to the permanency of your felicity as a '. apeople. These will be afforded to you vOth the more freedom as you can only see in them the disinterested warnings pf a parting friend, who oan possibly Ihre no personal motive to bias his counsel. Nor cati4 tirget; at an -en; ytmragement to it, your indulgent re-' option of my sentiments. on a former and.: hot. dissitoi kir: °Maio*. . . , Interwoven x as is the loge of liberty With every ligament of your hearts, tro rees,qtaelidatioß 91 tape is neoes ceary, to forti4 , or confirm the attach. meat. The unity of government which eon stitutes you one people, is also now `dear to you. It is justly so, for it is r main pillar in the edifice of your real independence; the support of your tranquility at home; your peace abroad; rif your safety; of your prosperity; of that very liberty which you so highly rize. But as it is easy to foresee, that, from .different causes and from differ entocinarltrs, Munk; painssavill le taken',,, Many artifices employed, to weaken in your minds the conviction of this truth ; ds thhi - iS - the point in leur:political Itprtress ' against whioh the batteries of internal and- external enemies will be most constantly, and actively (though :often covertly and insidiously) directed., it is of infinite monietit that you should properly estimate the immense value `rif your national_ union to your collect. iVe awl individual : happiness : that,yort should cherish a,cordial, habitual, and 'immovable! attaeliment't6 it ' ; accustom ing yourselves. to think and speak of it as of the palladium of your- : political safety and prosperity • watching for its preservation with jealous anxiety ; diktientenanoing whatever mayHuggest even a spliaciAn 4at ,it i plut t ,ip any event, be abandoned ; and indignantly Frowning be, t}ie first daining of every atteurpt to tdienate any portion pf our 4cruntry from the rest, or to enfeeble the Snared Lim' which now link together the . Various farts. Mir this you have every , inducement of syni'Pathy)ttridAterent. titixena by birth, or choice, of a common country, that country , has a rightto concentrate , TV/ 4 0 3 .0 6 t 8 -5 qr*grke"' 4-41100 , 4' Can, which belongs to you in your na tional capacity, must always exalt the just ,p#de of; patriotism morn than any appellation derived from local discrim inations. With slight shades of dif ferenoe,'yott have the same religion, Manners, habits and political princi pled; you have, in a common cause, fought and triumphed together; the independence and liberty you possess, are the.work of jointcounoils and joint efforts, of common dangers, sufferings and successes But these considerations, however powerfully they address themselves to your sensibility, are greatly outweighed by those which apply more immedi ately to your interest Here, every portion of our country finds the most Commanding motives• for care j • :rding and iireserVirrg the union of The NORTH, in an unrestrained in • rcoutse with the SouTE,.protected by the *soul taws . of, a gommou govern tnenvfilid4 ial the—prOduatim3skif the latter, great additional resources of roaratithe• aria ocentrierohil enterprise, and prePiaus materials of manufacturing kraStry 'fflhe ,filattrnt4n,theCianie-in fercourfia,,,benatting. by the agleiroyi o seesits - agriculture' gib end its 'commerce expand. Turning partly.initil itsiown ishandels seanien Of the , NertH; it finds its partiouhr pavigation' .invigorated; and ,while it : '3ontrik . ultplja. different ways to'nourish andadnorease the general mass of the rational navigation, it looks forward to r ' - prciteetien of a maritime strength, . which itself is equally adapted. The 'ear, 'in " like Intel-Somme with' 'the " radready find_s 4 and' in the pro. .ressiymitnprontment of - interior oom- orqjcp ,tiop , by land , and water, will , dr& kifil itinfe fine 8 'valitable yea for he commodities which it brings from broad. or manufactures at home. The "&n , derives from the EAST supplies eefOrfc,to its growth and comfort— , d w h a t is PW4app - ifealltreafer den - - •. . enoe, it must-of necessity owe the - 6 : tditipidik UP indilipanikmytet 044 • { ,for, 'io nil , .0 0 4r* igk, to' the Weightrinfinenee and the future mari iiiiiikii- lAA WOW 104ittit its Othe irectr o yarioted - by an iviissbluble dom .. y.,er iii:Cak4ne - iiaita2i * f.Ain3e , toc4litgarctiriatioy , *e. WEST, can, lihispesientiaTedvantageyWheth • liiNit . Nit" tient% SepsititiMilkOb c ,' r ficafs 2 64ll 3 iland unnatural onnech any °reign power must e intrrntigiarAidns Wilikvilinne , everrpart,of our conn -47 thus feels an imikEihate and liartie alio interest in union, all the pa "mimed cannot fail to find in the niteelislefff tante :religree4VbggrAtOrNEM prionably greater mounty _from ex ternal taiigeVaittiefiiiiffiebitliiteriiyg• tion of thisnlitiOnefforigehitions and what is of inestimable value, they mast tive from union an emunption from those broth and wars between themselvea,Jah* : ao - #42cfp- • - ,i,, 0 fillet beighbonng countrie ,s not tie. ~_ ther by ttglittathb`tikratbStitYsibiali-OtiSiii own rivelakipaalollamoighadudEeient to produo .k. • . 'oh apoek foreign ellianoei,"' U , la ... enfi,'Ad "Tatiliguel , would ad .. - ..„ .. --hijtioragenee, like ;; ' L . s r, a 09 thApesveity of thßra T-, 1 .., :.'?. t ity-mtkumbemtfi, w Fle)Y4 .4 ..,.. . :: !' - , t CA, . 1 , : .,6 - Af ,„t! ,'. ; • ~ i .. , „. a t . e:s ar A nt Wadi 'f• - ''''' 4 fia . ity-,,,,4 , ,A,, t 4,1 ~ ' is, . - Ott prop u a pop ycrar h. v" , end that the by, of the wt. ought • - s't H, SAT I R DAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 22,..' 1862. to endear to yon . the preierration cf the otheT. • These orsiderations speak a persua siver langwyge to every reflecting and virtuous-mind, and- exhibit the condo tuu:teie cof the union - as a - prinifery object of ikatzlotio desire; Is them a doubt whethe a common government can embrace so large a sphere ? -tat expel, rienoe solve it. To listen to Mere sPere lation :in. snob a case were criminal. We and authorized to hope thlf a proper organization of the whole, with the auxiliary agency of governments for the respective subdivisions, , ivill afford a happy issue to th e expertittent. It is well worth a fair and full:experiment With suotrpoweTfutand obvious motives to union, -affecting all= pares of our country, while elperienoe shall not have demonstrated its inipracticability, there will always be reason to distrust the patriotism of those who, in any quar ter,-may endeavor to weaken its bands. In contemplating the causes which may disturb our union, it occurs as • matter of . sextons concert), that any ground should have been fuiaished for , characterizing parties by geographical discriminations—NOßTH ERN and SOUTLIERN-ATLANTIC and WESTERN; whence detrigt,:aing men may endeavor to excite a belief that there is a real difference of local interests and views One of the expedients of party W.:ac quire influence within particular dis tricts is to misrepresent the opinion, and lima of other districts. Yon cannot ahisld yourselves too pinch against the jealousies and heart-burnings which . spring from these misrepresentations: they tend to render alien to each other those who ought to be bound together by ftaternal affection. The inhabitants of our western country have lately had a useful lesson on this head; they have ?seen, in the negotiation by the Exe cutive, and in the unanimous ratifies. Lion by the Senate of the treaty with Spain, and in the universal satisfaotion at that event throughout the Uri ,ted.States,it decisive proof • how vai fbur4ed. were the suspicions propagated among' fhetri, of a policy itske`tie'ril got ernmetig and in the . Atlantic) States un 114endly to their interests in regard to the Mississippi. They have been wit nesses to the formation of two treaties, that with Great Britain, and that with Spain, which 'Secure to them everything they could desire, in respect to our foreign' relations,• 'towards contirmiag their prosperity. Will it not be their wisdom to rely for the preservation of these advantages on the tmion by which they were procured ? Will they not henceforth be deaf to those advisers, if such there are, who would sever them from their brethreu, and connect them with aliens. To the efficacy and permanency of your union, a government for the whole is indispensable. No alliance, however strict, between the parts, can be an adequats sulistitute; they must inevita bly eipetieniie the infractions and in- irruptions which all alliances, in all time have experienced. Sensible of this momentous With, you have im proved upon your first essay, by the adoption of a constitution of govern ment, better calculated thtin your for mer, foran intimate union, and for the efficacious management of your com mon cOncerns. This government, the offspring : of our own choice, uninfluenc ed and unawed, adopted upon full in vestigation and. mature deliberation completely free in it's principles, in 'the: distribution of its were, unitin: Se curity with energy, within itself a provision for its own amendment, las a just claim to your confidence an support. Respect for its Authority, con.ipliance with its laws/' acyieecencein its.meastres ire duties, enjoined by the fundamental maxims of trnelillertY. - !fhb basis of our political systems is ‘the rig'bt of the people to make and to' alter their constitutions of government. But the Constitution, wide& at any time exists, till ohanged 6.114 vatplitit and authentic ,ent,of the wholef i people, is sawed', .obligat°37' upon ' a 'The 'very idea' 'of We power and the , • risitt,Of the people to establish government; presupposes tlie' duty of every in dual to obey the the estab lished g.6vttnnient. All obstructions to the execution of :the laws, all combinations and associa tions, under whatever plausible charac ter, with the real design to direct,oon trol, counteract,-or awe the regular de liberation and action of the constituted Authorities, are destructive to this fun damental principle, and of fatal tenden- 4. They serve to organise faction, to give it an artificial and extraordinary force, to put in the place of the dele gated will of the nation the will of a party, often a small but artful and en- terprising minority of the community; and, according to the alternate triumphs ..of different parties, to make the public) administration - the dirt& of the ill- concerted aud incongru - ons projects of factionk rather than ditt:brgan of ~emir sistent and „wholesome . plans, digested by nnukuPait ruA 4 4l3, and modified, by analliticrests: However , 'combinations- asetoeht dons of the above description may now and then answer popular en6 i they are likely, in the coarse of t ime and - - things, to beeom: tn =t s engines, by wtdch - otttuxim anthimprin cipled men, e 'enabled to stlvert the fidifetbf the 13boptel'-and•to nettip for themselves the reins of government; desturyingwiterwards the very engines which have lifted them to unjust domildog. Towards the_ ireiervation of your government- and.- lour sent,happiqatbrielpr 414 Jrn 4 71 W OW - 'Waif atiOatititeit oP t ens *Us nine , wt l,- t with we but also that y spirit of inn upon its principles, kewever specious the pretext. One n;lethasi of assault nay be to effect, brthe_ forms of the of the Constitution alterations which wtll impair the energy of-Alie system, and thus to undermitie what cannot be directly overthrown.jri all the changes to wEic - rfaimay be inviTea;rein at time and habit are at least, as ne ceakary.to fix-the ivy, chactqmu d opy ernments, as of other Iniman insbitii =lions • thbt expel-fel:lob ii - the - Surest standard by Which to test - the real ten dency-of tho existing-Constitution of a country; the facility e j,bi - d,iariges, upon the credit of mere Hypothesis and opin ion, exposes to .per&tiliCctiringe from the, endless variety tYpothesis and opinion: and remember, especially, that for the efficient management of your common interests itt,a qountry to en tensive as ours, a:government of as much vigor, as is esistent with the perfect security of aerty is indispen sable. Liberty itself Will find in snob 11 government, with powers property dis. tributed and adjusteil ' _its surest guar dian. It ls, in_ deed ; than a name, where 'the, ,gOVeininent is too feebfis withstandithe enterprises of faction, to confine mai; member of the society within the ltialia prescribed by the laws, and to Waintain all in the se cure and tranquil enjoyment of the rights of person and property. I have already intimated to you the danger of parties in the State, with particular referenoe;to the founding of Them on geographical discriminations. •Let me now take a more comprehensive view, and warn yori,Tri the most solemn manner, against the baneful effects of the spirit of party generally. This spirit, unftrianately, is insepar able from our nature L having its root in the strongest passions of the human mind. It exists under different shapes in all governments, more or less edified, controlled or repressed ; but in those of the popular form, it is seen in its greatest rankness, and is truly their 'worst enemy. ) The alternate dowination of one fac tion over another, 'sharpened by the spirit of revenge norturai to party di* sension, which in ~ d ifferent ages and countries, has perpetroted the most horrid enortuitiea,ds itself a frightful despotism. Bat tie leads at length to a more formal d permanent des potism. The diairders and miseries which result, gradually incline the minds of men to seek security and re pose in the absolute power of an indi oiduali-and,:seotteiVr later, the ohief of some prevailing faction, more able or more fortunate than his competitors, turns this disposition to the purposra of his own elevation, on the ruins of pub- ' lie liberty. Without looking forward to an ex tremity of this kind (which, neterthe less, ought Aotitct he entirely out of sight,) the common and continual mis chief of the spirit of party are suffi. cient to make it the interest and duty of a wise people to discourage and re strain it. It serves always to distract the pub. lie councils, and enfeeble the public administration. It agitates the com munity with ill-founded jealousies and false alarms; kindles the animosity of one part against another; foments occa sionally riot and insurrection. It opens the door to foreign influence and cor ruption, which finds a facilitated access to the government itself, through the channels of party passions. Thus, the policy and the will of one country "lital to the policy and will of another There is an opinion that parties in free countries are usefhl checks upon the administration of the goverment, and serve > to,lieep alive >_ the spirit of laberty. This, within certain limits, is probablytrue; and in iovernments of a monarchical edit, patriotism may look with indulgence, if not with favor, upon the spirt ; of party. • Bq in those of the popularieharacter,in-tiodinnhenkfi purely elective, it is a spirit not to be .encoursge4l /I;pm.theiP t PAO* tent. "itiency, it is certain there wi'l always be enough of that spirit for every salutary purpose. And there being constant danger:of excess, the effprt ought to be, by force of public opinion, to miti gote and assuage it. A fire not to be' qnefilihedi it dhniiiidit a MniformOvigt, lance to prevent its bursting into a flame, lest, instead of warming, it should oonstimii. It is important, likewise, that the habits oPtliiirEnk in a free Wauntry should inspire caution in those intrusted withitpadministalttioni ; tocoutioa tOenit i • selves With respective oonstite tional spheres,avoidieg,, in the atomise of the ppwero of one 4 PPlgne!4, 0 en' oroach ittain abother. aptrit 'of enoroachmetit' 00 00 ,140lido0 th& powers of all , thwdepartments in one ? and thipArgraate, whatever the feta l. of governbent, a real despotaiii. A. i tto rege o Wif that love of Bow ;Ad , 'pronenaaaTto-nbnee it whyb..peaclami o .. l at ii'a4'hinian head,' suiWatt to satittfilo fll f , th e truth of this_ pogiihn. . The necesaity of reciprocal abaski, in: the axe ;Of political Row_,._ortiqt viding anal 'touting it intoacturearit deptrita4l, and constituting guardian' p yhe public weshigaiam, i n . vasions brthe others, has been evinced by' elperixpents, ancient ,sad Iguidekn. some of thern* our oWn=atountry and under our own eyes. To •Oteramrthem moat= be as necessary th em .• „ U , in the opinion of thapeop*, th,diriatii4ution. or mindification of the , ouot i t o t h mo i powers, be in any par. J.. ' l ' s•-1 -corrected by an stroyed. The precedent *net always greatly overbalance, is permanent evil, any partial or transient benefit which the use can at anytime yield Of all the dispositiqns tied habits which leadto politioarfirptipetiti, fertg ion and morality are indispensable, sup t , porta. In vain= =would that man claim the tribute of patriotism, who should labor to pubvert - these great Xhfsrs bf human happiness, theie firmest , props of the duties of .men and citizens.., The mere politician, equally with, the pious man, ought to respect and cherish them. A volume could nit trace all their con nections with private and public felici ty. Let it simply be asked, where is the security for -property, for reputa tion, for life, if the sense of religious obligation desert the oaths which are the instrauklits of invesiization maths of justice? , And. let.its, with ottutiou, indulge the supposition that morality can be maintained without religion.— Whatever may bd conceded to the in fluence of refined edu&itiqn on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experi ence both forbid us to expect that na tional morality can prevail in exclusion of religious principles. It is substantially true that virtue or morality is a necessary spring of popu. lar government. The rule indeed ex tends, with more or less force, to every species of free government. Who, that is a sincere friend to it, .01111 look with, indifference rayon attempts to shake the foundation of the fabric? Promote then; m an objei# of primary importance, in institutions for the gen- . eras diffusion of knowledge. In propor. tion es the structure of a government gives force to public opinion, it is es. sential that public opinion should be enlightened. As a very important source of strength and security, cherish public credit.— One method of preserving it is to use it as sparingly as possible, avoiding oc casions of expense by cultivating peace, bat remembering also, that timely die. bursements, to prepare for danger, fre quently prevent much greater disburse ments to r epel it; avoiding, likewise, the °emulation of debt, not only, by shun. ning occasions of expense,- but by vig orous exertions, in time of'peace; e discharge the debts which tuaavoidahle wars may have occasioned, not ungen. ronsly throwing upon posterity the burden whioh we ourselves ought to bear. The execution of these maxims belongs ~to your, representatives, but it is necessary that public opinion should co-operate. To facilitate to them the performance of their duty, it is essential that you should practically bear in mind, that towards the payment of debts there must be revenue; that to have revenue there must be taxes; that no taxes can be devised, which are not more or less inconvenient and unpleas ant; that the intrinsic embarrassment inseparable from the selection of the proper objects (which is always a choice of difficulties,) ought to be a decisive motive for a candid construction of the conduct of the government in making it, and for a spirit of acquiescence in the measures for obtaining revenue, which the public exigencies may at any time dictate. Observe good faith -and justice to• ward all nations ; cultivate peace and harmony with all. Religion and more ality enjoin this conduot,,and can it be that good policy does not equally en join it ? kwill be worthy of a free, enlightened and, at no distant period, a great nation, to give to toankind the magnanimous and too novel example of a people always guided by an exalted justice and benevolence, Who can douLt.fhat, in the course of time end things, the fruiti.of .scab e-pfah'wtnrid , richly repay any temporary , advautages which might be lost by a steady adhere enoe to it; can it be that Providence has not connected the permanent folio ity of A nation with its virtue ? The experiment; at least, is recommended by every sentiment which ennoblesitn- man nature. Alas 1, is it rendered in r. possible by its vines? Tn the' eitiouticin of such a plan; nothing is mora essential ,than that per manent, inveterate antipathies against partittatai nations ; and passionate at m/Aimate for 'Others, should be attain% ded ; and tb in,pliee of them, join and amiessblefeertoge towards alishould be cultivate& _ The nation which in,- dulges towards another an habitue! haw trCa or an habitual fondneaa, in Colo degree a slave. It is a slava - to 'its an,. immity or to its affeotion,eithei of which is sufficient to lead it astray from its duty and its interest. Antipathy in one nation spinet another, 'disposes each mote *0 11 1 to Affer, innnlo and iojuq, to.lay, bolo 0f,a14 ht mimes umbrage, andAh Lariglity 4rif 'tractable when aecidental or -trifling ea. liasions of dispute occur. EfeMce fre. quont colllisions, obatinate, envenomed and. bloody oonteatswo Jr* Legit% prompted by 1114wid .and resentment,. sometimes impels to war the govern- of poligy. imernOtent,'" some d nAMd7* - PeTt. e g. whet;,, reasonwq • ll 4: .'•otatir times; it makes the animoeit, of the' nation tratorvient to projeota.of hoota- - ith IMMO:W.I)Y pride, .'0 4 1009 1 4` sad other - sinister and pernicious .motives. TW:peaos often, sometimes 'porliii* the iibeTry, of nations, too beort.tho : ' viol.. , flotlitowiee 1 psooiansto' 1144411kett, of one v another predawn: ik varlet- nathr for' itof A- .he illunion• _ .... . . ._... Z. --,-4 -1• , ... , :.--- - i , .. - . ' 2 ' - '"*- I .4i'-'-Y - 44 z:; . -1,-•'-'',o i ~•f , ~., - ,lsf. , : :41114-fiis.l.,- .1 = •-•4-A Y =rtr, .. 4- 4 p i'Vr::.sl. , --.- I. Li"' 1.,.-- -, i,5- - :49 1 • I it , e 4 r,' ' --1.. -, ' • ...?,.... 1 1. !- , 7 - 77 ' 4 , l lPiektullArti the aid, of the beet li,ghte-xmAtcy I waR wan akttlafiiii 411 404 ilrktkie,1 -antler all thu:iiirotuiiilancw&Reamw bad a right toiale,,,tieittrarill." duty and intereeti” . sition. Saving.' as tar aa should maintain it with ance and Simms The *outdate the rightlotold necessary- on Mir will only observ( understanding of so fir from beinL belligerent powm admitted by all. . 1 ,,,,,., e , t -,,,A, ~, ,-` r :: i .. The duty of holding a gemit* ; , .t.,.4 -I: duet maybe inferred, wothout ser --1t:4...e more, from the- , obligatien.whichy wag -` , ll ni p roi and htunaqity impose:v.4)6oe* ustinhitot -,: - - - =',.'..:"..."„ i 9. in eases in ' which it is free triatft,.leklu 7, - 'l'E- . - maintain inviolate' the i .'"ielglion,or '--,P,::' peace and amity towards.,erluvostila, - - ;' . 4:1; The inducements et ineeritdr t v-,A,, ,-,....„ serving that conduct ; will-. ' 1 furred to your own refiectiog*ajiw- 1)- -psibitfee - "x'Witteitief iir*Oliteliifttsiko-t,. motive has been to emiemertitiet- i- ,_ time to our eoutitl s , to settle Ai instailie - ' 4 ' its yet recent institutio ns, " ,'. ikili&: 1',;...: 4 .,: , J gm% without interrupti , ''.., ' *T O4- ~; '''. gree of-etrength and4Sob .. 'r - , _4 ‘l . is necessary to give itiAtriiiiije peak .47 - Ve . ,1.1 ing, the command otititatirt to ::':-. ''.-; -Though in. ewing ,tbcitsaittentiw- - ...1. of my administration, we?, ' ' i - ' f 4 ' 7 ".3 of intentieeil errers.lM l / 4 4,gtit_ . - z ,.1.4 WO Boost* af 01 -Y.deficA ut .. 3 •;Tr' ;'' It poobable that I mq:4W° 5t.,49 1 " - .Ak ..4) , ' . many errors. Whiteverthi tua t f ,,, 4 7 I fervently lieseech the Almiiii ' - "": , 1c. avert or mitigate thetitei l Atr - "Is i.. '-;.,. 4 L iti they may tend. I liiiill tidier - rime W l4 i Me the hope' that any - ..emousif*. __lir/Win. I cease to vitfir them.? w ith' _fitis and that, after forty-11m yalThetAilljk - li ' 4- 1 life, dedicated to its aetticelitaWitkwa,4ts _":,' upright seal, the faults of -intelept#4,. o :', abilitiee wi ll bficoettimtt*.l. ftbil**4.pm V..,.:-, - 4 - ` Zia MD& D l u t t A K K u kb et i l *A l ßN4A l ,ol, ''::.! --: 'of rest- , „ ~, Relying en its ?metes Plikt i ll i rii ~,,.? Oar , hings t and actu ated ' - -.,.. 4§fir vent love toiviAPif, tilitili iietertt*.al -, to a mark whavikittiatili , k ', • , 4 .,. : .. els, 4 =ustPi3k7'" of himself snit hie piriiiinatiV , - , ' eral generations, I antitipsteWith ' "'".''''' - . , tion that vetrstatatii ' ,„„ s , manse „ ;.,' ) the sweet ea i l ligiOdsi , ri ; 4111144Rift ',7: benign influence ustri -,i• fifsi gwirginnePt-- - - ject °fray heart, led A. as Iteust, of tour mulateLeb. an d A mgen: 7 , 1 ,a 3 ., s.ta GEOROBIYABIIiIIinIX Unix mn ear* ltiell*,4o. • ro' .4 , . •. 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