the Dalin Post.
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OFFIrIA L t•F kOF 71 - CITF
PITTSBURGH:
WEDNESDAY MoRNING :::: MEC. 1
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
Fellow-citizens of the Sc-nate and ]l' use
of Rspiesent JilVeS:
In the midst of unprecedented polit
ical troubles, we have cause of great
gratitude to God for unusual good health
and most abundant harvests„ You will
not be surprised to learn thatlin the pe
culiar exigencies of the tiniest our inter
course with foreign nations has been
attended with profound solicitude, chief
ly turning upon our own domestic
affairs. A disloyal portion of the Amer
ican people have during the whole year
been engaged in an attempt to divide
and destroy the Union A nation which
endures factious domestic divisions is
exposed to disrespe'et abroad, and one
party, if not both, is sure sooner or later
to invoke foreign intervention. Nations
thus tempted to interfere are not always
able to resist the counsels of seeming
expediency and ungenerous ambition,'
although measures adopted under such
influences seldom fail to be unfortunate
and injurious to those adopting then)
The disloyal citizens of the United
Statesovh) have offered the ruin of
our country in return for the aid and
comfort which they have invoked
abroad, have received less patronage
and encouragement than they probably
expected. If it were just to suppose,
as the ir.surgents hay• seemed to as
- sume, that foreign nations, in this case,
discarding all moral, social and treaty
obligations, would act solely and sel.
fifthly for the most speedy restoration
of commerce, inc'uding especially the
acquisition of cotton, those nations an
pear, as yet, not to have seen their
way to their object more directly or
clearly through the destruction than
through the preservation of the Union
If we could dare to believe that for
eign nations are actuated by no higher
principle than this I am quite sure a
sound argument could be made to show
them that they can reach their aim
more readily and easily by aiding to
ort.sh this r, hellion than by giving en'
couragemext to it The principal lever
relied on by the insurgents for exciting
foreign nations to hostility against us,
as already Unmated, is the embarrass
ment of commerce. Those nations, how
ever, not improbably, saw from the first
that it was the union which made as
well our foreign as our domestic coin.
merce. They can scarcely h.p.e: failed
to perceive that the effort tor insuniou
produces tha existing difficulty, and
that one strung nation promises more
durable peace and a inure extensive,
valuable and reliable commerce than
can the same nation broken into host
fragments, It is not my purpose to
review our discussions with f
states, because:whatever might be their
wishes or dispositions, the inteLrity of
our country and the stability oi I lovern
msiat mainly depend, not upon thew.
but on the loyalty, virtue, patriotism
and intelligence of the American pro
ple. The correspondence itself, with
the usual reservations, i herewith sub
mitted. I venture to hope that it will
appear that we have practiced pru
deno and liberality towards foreign
powers, averting causes of irritation.
and with firmness tutuutaiuing our own
rights and honor. however, it
is apparent that here as in every other
state, foreign dangers necessarily at
tend domestic difficulties I recommend
that adequate and ample measures be
adopted tor maintaining the public de.
fenses on every side. Wt.ile under this
general recommendation provision fur
defending our sea cost line already oc
curs to the mind, I also, in the same
connection, ask the attention of Con
gress to our great lakes and rivers.—
It is believed that some fortifications
and depots of arms and munitions, with
har:.or and navigation improvements, all
at well selected point- upon these,
would be of great importance to the
national defence and preservation.
I ask attention to the views of the
Secretary of War expressed in his re
port upon the same general subject I
deem it of importance that the loyal re
gions of East Tennessee and Western
North Carolina she uld be c rinected
with Kentucky and other faithful parts
of the Union by railroad. I therefore
recommend, as a a il.t.fry measure, that
Congress provide for the construction
of such a road as speedily as possible
Kentucky no doubt will co-operate, and
through her Legislature make the must
judicious selection of a line. The north
rn terminus must connect with
some existing railroad, and whether the
route Shall be from Lexington or Nich
olaaville to the Cumberland fkap,or from
Lebanon to the Tennessee line in the
direction of Knoxville, or on some still
different line,can easily be determined.
Kentucky and the general government
co-operating, the week can be completed
in a very short time, and when dune it
will be not only of vast present useful
ness, but also a valuable permanent im
provement, *Nth its cost in all the
temporary future.
Slime treaties, designed chiefly for
the interests of commerce, and having
no grave political importance, have been
negotiated and will be suLmitted to the
Senate for their consideratiou. Al
though wehav,e failed to induce some
of the cohuoareial Powers to adopt
desirable melioration of the rigor of
maratime war, we have removed all oh-.
struetions flora the way fit' this humane
reform, except such 6; are merely of
and accidental occurrence
I invite your attention to the cor
respondence bet Teen, her Brittanic
..Majesty's Minister, sehredited to this
Government, and .thelecilitry of State,
relative to filetiOnktipiXtbe British
ship PerAtirralffigii* ione la.st by the
I:Tfilteit,stlloo**el Massachusetts,
for a AtippOsei breach' of the blockade.
As this detention was occasioned by an
obvious - misapprehension of the facts,
and as justice requires that we should
commit no belligerent act not founded
on strict right, as sanctioned by rublic
law, I recommend that an appromation
be made to satisfy the reasonable de
mand of the owners of the vessel for her
detention.
I repeat the recommendation of my
predecessor in his annual message to
Congress in December last, in
_regard to
the disposition of the surplus which
will probably remain after satisfying the
claims of American citizens against
China, pursuant to the awards of the
commissioners, nrider the Act of the 3d
of March, 1859. If, however, it should
not be deemed advisable to carry that ,
recommendation into effect, I would
suggest that authority be given fur in
vesting the principal over the proceeds
of the surplus referred to, in good secur
ities, with a view to the satisfhction of
such other just claims of our citizens
against China: as are not unlikely to
arise hereafter in the course of our ex ,
tensive trade with that Empire.
By the Act ..f the sth of August last,
Congress authorized the President. to
instruct the commanders of suitable
vessels to defend themselves against and
to capture pirates. This authority has
been exercised in a single instance only.
For the more efieetual protection of our
extensive and valuable corninereen the
Eesteru seas especially, it seems to me
that it wauld also be advisable to author ,
ize the eolnulanders of sailing vessels
Ito recapture any prizes which pirates
way make of United States vessels and
their cargoes, and the Consular Courts
now established by law in Eastern
countrimi 10 adjuticate the cases in event
that this should not he objected to by
the I cal author i ties .
If any good reason exists why we
should persevere longer in withholding.
our recognition ot the loth pendence
and severeignty of Hayti and Liberia,
I am unable to discern it—unwiling,
however, to inaugurate a nor el policy
in regard to them without the approba
tion of Congress.
I submit, for your cunsiderat;on. the
expediency of an appropriation for
maintaining a charm-de-affairs near
each of those new State , It does not
admit of doubt that imp rtaut
mivanta_ws might I,e secured bj
favorable treaties with them.
The operations of the Treasury dur
ing the period whi di Las elapsed since
your adjournment have been conducted
with signal succiess The patriotism or
the people has placed at the disposal •,1
the government the large means d—
rum:pled by the public exigencies. Much
of the National Loan has been taken la:,
citizens of the industrial classes, whose
confidence in their country's faith and
zeal fur their country's deliverance
trona present peril have induced than
to vowribute to the suit rt id the ..Z.V
,miuient the Nk hide of their bullied
ac
quisitious. This fact imposes
utle,:atious to etruncury in disbuisenatiir
And energy in action.
The revenue from all sources ff , r th,
financial year ending on the ]hilt of
1f.561, was eighty six millions
eight hundred and thirtp.five thou , erul
nine hundred dollars an.f twenty sev,n
cents, and the expenditures for the
same period, including payments on ac - 1
count of the public debt, were eighty
four million five hundred and seventy
eight thousand eight hundr, d and
thitty-four dollars and forty seven cents,
leaving a balance in the treasur; on the
let of July, of two million two hundred
and filty seven thousand and sixtv-five
dol ars and eighty cents. For the first
quarter of the financial year, ending on
the '6oth of September, 15t.;1, the re
ceipts from all sources, including the
balance of Ist of July, were one hun
dred and two million five hundred and
nine tkillars and twenty-seven cents,
and the expen.es ninety-eight
two hundred and thirty-nine thouqami
seven hundred and thirty-three dollar
and nine cents, leaving a balance o:
the Ist of October, .1.6 of four million
rwo hundred and ninety-two thou-arid
-revco hundred and secentv-six dolfars
and eighteen cents.
Estimates fur the remaining three
quarters of the year, and for the titian.
cial year 1.66:.f, together with his views
of ways and means for meeting the de
mands contemplated by them, will be
submitted to Congress by the .Secretary
of the Treasury. It is gratifying to
know that the expenditures made nec
essary by the rebellion are not beyond
the resources Of the loyal people, and
believe that the same patriotism which
has thus far sustained the government
will continue to sustain it till peace and
union shall again bless the land
I respectfully refer to the report of
the Secretary of War fur information
respecting the numerical strength of
the army, and for recommendations
having in view an increase of its effi
ciency and the well being of the various
branches of the service entrusted to his
care.
It is gratifying to kric., 6 w that the pa
triotism of this people has proved equal
to the occasion, and that the number of
troops tendered greatly exceed the force
which Congress authorized me to call
into the field. I refer with pleasure to
those portions of his report which make
allusion to the credible degree of disci
pline already attained by our troops, and
to the excellent sznitary condition of
, .
he entire army. The recommendation
of the Secretary for an orzanization of
the militia upon a uniform basis is a
subject of vital importance to the future
safety ut the country and is commended
to the serious attention of Congress
The large addition to the regular arwv,
in connection with the defection that
has soc insiderably diminished the num
ber of its officers, gives peculiar impor
tance to his recommendation fur increas-
tag the corps of cadets to the greatest
capacity of the military aeadetoy. By
mere omission, I prosunie, Congress
has faded to provide chaplains for hos,
pitais occupied by volunteers
subject was brought to my notice and
was induced to draw up the form of a
letter, one copy of which, properly ad
dressed, has been delivered to each of
the persons, and at the dates respective
ly named, and stated in a schedule con-
twining also the form of the letter mark
ed A. and herewith transmitted. These
gentlemen, I understand, entered upon
the duties designated at the times re-
spectively stated in the schedule, and
have labored faithfully therein ever
since, and therefore recommend that
they be compensated at the same
rate as chaplains in the army, and
further su.:grct that general provision
be road 2 tor chaplains to serve at hos
pitals as well as with regiments.
The report of the Secretary of the
Navy pre•ents in aetail the operations
or that branch of the service, theactiv
ii3- en i encrq which have characterised
its alciniqrarion, and the results of
wea,urei• to increase its officiency and
power. Such have been the additions,
by construction and purchase, that it
may almost be said a navy has been
oreattd and brought into service since
onr difficulties commenced. Besides
blockading our extensive coast, squad
rons larger than ever before assembled
under our flag have been put afloat, and
performed deeds which have increased
our naval r; nown.
I ?wild invite special attention to
the recommendation of the Secretary
for a more perfect organization of the
navy, by introducing additional grades
in the service. The present organiza.
tion is defe live and unsatisfactory, and
the suggestions sm.initted by the depart
ment will, it is believed, if adopted, ob ,
viat.e the difficulties alluded to; promote
harmony, and increase the efficiency of
the navy.
There are three vacancies on the
bench of the Supreme Court, two by
the decease (Jr:Justices Daniel and Mc-
Lean and one by the resignation of
.Imdicc Camphell. I have so far for
hort,e making nominations to fill these
Na,atwits, for reasons which I will now
stat , • Tic., of the outgoing Judges re
sided within the States now overrun by
revolt, s, that if successors were ap
pointed in the same localities tile) ,
Louid not IP PIV serve uponsitheir circuits,
and wally ! the mo-t competent men
there proLhi 2 , would nut take the per
...mil hazat i of accepting to serve even
here upon tic Supreme Bench. I have
hero u Wi int! to throw all the appoint-
Northward, thus disabling my
self Crum d, mg justice to the south on
the return of peace, although I may
remat k, thai to transfer to the North
one which has heretofore been in the
South. w, ul I not, with reference to ter
rit,•ry ami ;, , pulation, he unjust. Dur
in•z tho Lng and brilliant judicial
dmi:e 31eLeam his circuit
gr,w lilt , although too laree
!4 , r juug-e to give the courts
thin a nominal attend
in population front one
on !'our liuudrcd and seventy thou
san I mid re_Licen in Nell, to six mil
;;omi one Limilted and tiftv one thou
sand tour and live in 18ti0.
liesni.s this the country generally has
out_zr.own eiir present judiciary.
unlferieity was at all intended, the
m)nleiti rt - A u-c , that ail the States shall
Lc accomme , •attd.wl:h Circuit Ceurt.,
aitenued h -supreme Jude,-
fact, Wisconsin, '.‘linriesot4, lowa, Kan-
ST , , F:olida. T , xas, t:alifurnitt and Ore.-
L7,T: lmve tacmtr liad any such Courts.
Nor can this welt lie remedied without
a chan.ze of ehe system, because tbe ad
ding ( t .11) to the Supreme Court,
eumagh tor ,Ise accommodation Of all
par-of the coue t•-y with Circuit Courts,
mm,•uhi create a Court altogether-too nu
mer for a judicial body of any sort—
and the evil of it be one which will in_
;re ,eie as new .`t•des come into the
l'ii,on C,r. uit Courts, too, arc useful
or th-v are not useful. If useful, no
Shou'd be denied them. It not
n., should have them. Let
ii: em cc pro-, ided for all, or abolished
as to all. Thr, c inoditications oncor to
nie. either of which, I think, would bo
nt upon our present sys
ten, Let the :Niiprenie Court be of 000-
vttnient uninh,r in every event; then,
I-t, let ti.e whole country be divided
it to iicuits id convenient size, the
Judeea to serve in a number
them c..irrc-if ondiri Lt : to their own
number, and independent Circuit Jude
s l e pr,vided for all the rest; or, sec
,nd:y. her the Supreme Judges be
re
li.•ved fruit' Circuit duties, pod Circuit
pri:v].ed for all the Circuits; or,
l.iriit, erise with Circuit Courts
;her. lea\ in ; : the judicialfunction
wipilly to tl liisHci Courts and an
independent ";-upretoc Court.
I resf.ectini;y recciitnintnd to the con
s;deratiun of Congress the present con
rit ion the statute laws, with the hope
that Congress will be able to find an
asy remedy for many of the inconven
itinets and evils which constantly em-
Larr.c s those engaged in the practical
ad ;iiii•dst ration of' teem. Since the or
ganiz of the government, Congress
en•iete , l softie five thousand acts and
j int resolutions, which fill more than
rho tL „ u-ar~i elosely printed pages, and
are scattered through many volumes.
iqany of these acts have been drawn in
arid without suilicient caution, so that
their provisions aro often obscure in
themselves or in conflict with each
other, or at least so doubtful as to rea
der it very difficult for even the best
informed person to ascertain precisely
what the statute law really is. It seems
to me very important that the statute
laws should be made as plain and intel
iigible as possible, :Aid be reduced to
as small e 7 , rnpass as may consist with
the iuiliiess and precision of the will of
ti e Legislature, and the perspicuity of
its language. This, well done, would,
I think.
,grently facilitate the labors of
those whose duty it is to assist in the
admitiistratin of the laws,and would boa
lasting benefit to the people by placing
before them in a more accessible and
intelligible form the laws which so deep
ly concern their interest and their du
tits. I am informed by some whose
opinions I respect that all the Acts of
Congress now in force, and of a perma
nent and getneral nature, might be re
vised and rewritten so as to be :embra
ced in one volume or at most twol,volt•
unties of ordinary and convenient size,
arid I respectfully recommend to Con,
gres3 to consid,r the subject, and if
my suggestion be approved, to devise
such pl,,n as to their wisdom shall seem
most proper for the attainment of the
ved proposid.. One of the unavoidable
consequences of the present insurrection
is the entire suppression in many places
of all ordinary means of administering
civil ju,ci Le by the! officers and in the
forms of existing law; this is the case
in whole or in part in all the insurgent
States, and as our armies advance upon
and take possession of parts of those
States, the practical evil becomes more
apparent. Them are no eottrte nor
officers to whom the citizens of other
States may apply for the enforcement
of their lawful claims against citizens of
the insurgent States, and there is a vast
amrunt of debt constituting such claims
Iconic have estimated it as high as two
hundred million dollars due in a large
part from insurgents in open rebel
lion to loyal, citizens who are even
now making great sacrifice in the
discharge of their patriotic duty to sup
port the government. Under these cir
enmstano_is I have been urgently son
licited to establish by military power
courts to administer summary justice
in such cases. I have thus far de
clined to do it, not because I had any
doubt that the end proposed, the col
lection of the debts, was just and right
in itself, but because I have been un
willing to go beyond the pressure of
necessity in tie unusual exercise of,
powers; but the powers of Congress, I
anppose, are equal to the aDOnialtlB
°occasion, and therefore I refer the
whole matter to Congress, with the
hope that a plan may be devised for
the administration of justice in all such
parte of the insurgent states and terri
tories as may he under the control of
this government,whet her by a voluntary
return to allegiance and orderer by the
power of our arms. This, however,not
to be a permanent institution, but a
temporary substitute, and to cease as
soon as the ordina-y emirs can b-re.rs.
tablished in peace It i- important
that some more convenient means
should be - Provided, if possible, for the
adjustment of claims against the govern.
inent,especially in view of the increased
number by reason if the war. It is
as much the duty government
to render prompt justice against itself
in favor of citizens as it is to adminis
ter the -awe between private Wilk id
eals. The invest gat ion and adjudica
tion of claims in their nature belong to
the judicial department; besides it is
apparent that the attention of Congress
will be more than usually eugaged for
some time to come with great National
questions. It was intended by the or
ganization of the Court of Claims
mainly to remove Ihc; branch of busi
nees front the, hails of Congress. but
while the Court has proved to he an
effective and valuable means of investi
gati,m, IL in a great de..:re.', fa Is to effect
the object of its creaticn, fur want of
power to inahe its jui.b . ,.:meuts Goal
Fully aware of the de:ioae), not to say
the danger of the subject. I commend
to your careful eotield, ration, whether
this power of judga ants final
may not properly be given to the court,
reserving tlte rghit of appeal on ques
tions of law to the Supreme Court,
with such other provisions as experi
enee may have shown to be necessary.
I ask attention to the report of die
l'ostim.ster General, the following be
ing a summary statement ef the c.mdi
tion of the Department. 'lii revenue
burn all sources ,ditritiz the nsaul year
endwg tine including the
annual permanent appropriation of
seven hundred theusanil dollars fur the
transportation of flee wail tatter,
nice million fort ) nine thousand two
bundrtd and a dollars and
forty cents, being , aLru.4 111_: . 9. 1 . 91 cent .
TXtit r i - lite'l l tlrenti - c Tor 1 In the
wine tem- the fxpendlta es were thir
teen six hundred and six thou
sand seven hundred and filty•nne
dollars and eleven cents, showing a
decrease of 111 re than ei 4 ht per cent.
as ceinpared with those of the previous
year, and leaving an XCere ofsexpendl
[Urea over the revenue for the last ti-cal
year of four million five hundred and
fifty-seven thousand four hundred and
sixty-two dollars and seventy Law cents
fho gross revenue far the year eteldig
June . ',tfth, 17' 4 6:3, is estimated at an lit
crease of four per cent. on that of IStil,
making six million six hundred arid
eighty-throe thousand dol:ars, to which
should be added the earning of the de
partment in carrying free matter, viz ;
seven hundred thousand dollars, waking
nine million three hundred and eighty
three thousand dollars The total ellen
ditures f r l tilia are Lstitnated at twelve
million five hundred and twenty.eight
thousat...e. dollars, leaving au estimated
di ficietcy i f three nil Hun one hundred
and ibrty-five thousand dollars, to be
supplied from di:: Treasury iu addition
to the permanent appropriation. The
present insurrection shows, I thinli,
that the extension of this District across
the l'etomac river at the time of estab
lishing the Capitol here was eminently
wise, and consequently that the relio
quishment of that portion of' it which
lies within the State of Virginia was
unwise and dangerous. I submit for
your consideration the expediency of
requiring that part of the District and
the restoration of the original bounda
ries thereof, through negotiations with
the State of
The report of the Secretary of the
Interior, with the accompayning (locus
ments, exhibits the condition of the sev
eral branches of the public business
pertaining to the Department. The d
. _
pressing influences of the insurrection
have been esperially felt in the opera
tions of the Patent and General Land
°glees. The cash receipts from the
sale of public lands during the past
yesr have exceeded the expenses of our
land system only about two hundred
thousand dollars. The sales have been
entirely suspended in the Southern
States, while :the interruptions to the
business of the country, and the diver
sion of large numbers of men from la
bor to military service have obstructed
settlements in the new States and Ter,
ritories of the Northwest.
The receipts of the Patent 'Office have
declined in nine months about one hudnred
thousand dollars, rendering a large reduce
tion of the farce employed necessary to
make itself sustaining The demand upon
the Pension Office will be largely increas.
ed by the insurrection. Numerous eppli
cations for p-mtious, belted upon the casu.
eh* of the existing war have already
been made There i react •n to believe
that many who are now upon the pension
rolls and in receipt of the Inunty of the
government are In the ranks or the in
surgent srmy,or giving them aid and com
fort. The Secretary of 'he Interior has
directed a suspension of the payment of
the pensions of such persons upc.n proof
of their disloyalty. I recommend that
Congress authorize that officer to cause
the names of ouch persons to be stricken
from the pprsion rolls. The relations of
the government with the Indian tribes
have been greatly disturbed by the insur
rection, especially in the Southern super.
in tendency and in that of New Mexico.—
Tito Indian country South of .K.ansas is
to the possession of insurgents from
Texas and Arkansas. Agi nta r,t th,
United State., "appointed since the
4tn of March flr this supsrintendency,
ha'e been upgble ti rerch their pats,
while the most of those who were in office
bslore that time have espoused the insurer.
tionary canes and assume to exercise the
powers of 'agents, by virtue of commis-
MOne from the insurrect'onists. It has been
stated , n the rublfc press that a portion of
tb-se Indians have been organiz3d 1.03 a
mi itary force, and ore attached to the
army of the insurgents. Although the
government has no fficisl information up
on this subject, letters have been written
to t"e Commissioner of Indian Affairs, by
several prominent chiefs, giving Mi.-Ur/Wen
of their loyalty to the United States, and
expressing a wish for the presence of Fed
e-al troops to protect them. It is believed.
that upon the repo.session of the country
by the Federal forces, the Indians will
readily cease all hostile demonstrations and
resume their former relations to the gov
ern ID ent.
Agriculture, confessedly the la-gest in
terest of toe nation, has not a departmmt
nor a bureau, but a clerkship aesigned to it
in the government. A rule it is fortunate
tuat ibis great mimeos: is so independent in
it- nattee as ton t have demanded and ex
1- nett more from the government, I re
sp-tAludy soh fli_ngrrre to coneider whether
ii-itieth mg more eahnot be given voluuta.
ri v with geri-_-ral adventa.4e.
Amnia, r-ports exhibiting, the eimdition
of our nizreniture, m•r e ceand manufac
tune pre-sent e:t . lend ot nforms'i
of great prlutleal value to the country.
W title 1 make no suggestion re to detai,e,
venture thuopieion tnaten agr.culturial and
atatistnial bureau might profitably be or,.
genie id. Tiie ex..cution of the laws for
the suppression of the Atrican slave trade
has been confined t.c. the D pertinent of
Le. Interior. It te a subject of gratuailon
that the fif , rte which have be el made for
suppr-eietin ot tits Inhuman tradic
have been rec. , nt:y attended with unusual
v,e.eis being fluted ou. for
the slave gale have been s.avid and con
demned. Two mates of ve.sels engaged
in the trade and one preen in equipping
a v. Biel as a slaver have been convicted
:.nd eunjected to the penalty of fine and
; Inprison mew., and one captain taken with
a cargo of Africans on beard his veesel has
been convicted of the highest grade of of
fence under our laws, the punishment of
which is death. The territories of Colo
raft), Dakotan and Nevada, created by the
last Congress have been organized, and
civil administration has been inaugu
rated therein, under auspices espe,ially
gratil)ing, when it is considered that
the leaven of treason was found exiat
iug in s:Kne of these new countries when
the Fedi ral office rs arrived there. The
abundant natural resources of these
Territories, with the security and pro
teciion afforded by organized govern
ment• will doubtle.as invite to them a
birge immigration when peace shall re
store the business of the country to its
uceuetome.i euannels.
submit the resolutions of the Legis
lature of Colorado, which evidence Ito
patriotic spirit of the people of the Ter
-11(01y. So tar, the authority of the Uni
ted soles has been upheld in all the
Territories, as it is hoptd it will be in
future. I commend their interests and
defence to the enlightened and generous
cue of Congress. 1 recommend to the
avorable consideration of C yngress the
interests of the D,strict of C-Ancobia
Ihe insurrection has Leen the cause of
,t flertng and sacctti, e to its itiliatt
itants, and as they have no repreaenta--
tire I, Cougress, that b :dy ih d not
overlook their just claims upon tne Gov
ernurent. At your late session a j rent
re-elution was adopted, curhorizivg toe
President to take measures for Is• dus
ting a proper representation of the in
dustrial interests of the United States
at the exhitation of the industry of all
na ions, to be holden at L tudon the
)ea,. 1,6 . 2 r
1 reffr a... 0 say I have h idna').o t 1
g - tve personal attention to tutj-ct—a
or.ce so interesting in ltE•i' end
eo eat+naively and iniicuatc.y nected
with the wn'seriai prospamy of the
•l + nr ugh the rNscretaries (d State and of the
Ia v , ior a p an Jr system has been devl raj
d partly matured. and which Wai he
Lind bet,.ro you. Under art by strt,sa ui
h" act of C .nsrress erAtilled -an act 1.1
con
li>c.,te proper y used f,r
b, 1; 1 1;1,
the legai chyme of certain pets inn the
labor and service of certain other persons
have we forfeited and numbdra of
the latter, thus liberated, are already des
p:•ndent on the United States.aud must
provi , ied f...r in s• me way. Bosides this it
N I;Ot Ifni 4.6e1b.t, coat Sinße of the States
will U`~3e slo,iiar enactments for their ovin
n., 1,..a N. 4 p,.,-Alvely, nod by ope:at.m ut
wtreb persons of tb , same ciao w ;1 be
torown upon them for disposs. Lr sash
eve I recommend that C...ngress provide
f••r acceptinh: 'nen persons froth such
6....ates,ace..rd.og toaont, mode uf valuation
I n lieu pr. tanto taken or upon
same otter plan to be agreed on with
such strtes re-prctivtly ;hat such persons,
on pooh acceptance by the general govern,
ment, be at once declared free, and that in
any event, stops be tsken for c, lonizing
Goth classes, or the one first mentnno-d, tt
the other shall not be brought into exist.
once, at some place or places in a chmate
C , I1gc!Illal to them. it ruieht be well to
c_titsider, to , whether the free Colored
p-eple already in the United Stattts c u'd
nt t, eo tar as individuals may desire, oe
, n,quied in such colomz%tion. carry
out the plan of colonix.tion may involve
the acquiring ut territ,ry, and aka the. tip-
Fr); , riation ut money b-yoLd that to be
expended in the trrrit. , ,rial acquisition.
ll.svutg practiced tho e q iisttion of terri
to,y for tearly e'l;) , yeses, the question
of constitutional power to do so is no
longer an open one. With us the power
was questioned at first by Mr. Jefferson,
who, however, in the purchase of Louisi.
site, yielded his scruples on the plea of
great expediency. if it bo sa.d that the
only legitimate object of acquiring' terri- ,
tory is to furnish homes fur white tn
this measure effatts that obj-ct, fur the
.migration of colored men leaver ad
ditional room for white men remsdoutt; or
coming hero. Mr. Jefferson, however,
placed the importance of procuring L )ussi
ana more on political and commnrcla
growl la than procuring room for popula
On the whole proposition, including the
appropriation of money, with the acquisi
tion of territory does not, the expendienoy
amounts to abEolTdo necessity that without
which the government itself cannot bo pre=
potuated?
The war continues. In considering
.he policy to be adopted for suppress
ing the insurrection, I have been anxious
and careful that the inevitable conitct Lir
the purpose shall not degenerate into a
violent and remorseless revolutionary
Itruggle I have, therefore, in every case,
thought:it proper to keep the integrity of the
union prominent as the primary object •of
the contest on our part, leaving ail ques
tions which are not of vital military inn,
portance to the more deliberate action, of
the Legislature. In the exercise of ply '
best discretion I have adhered to the
blockade of the ports held by the insur
gents Instead of putting in force by procla.
oration the law of Congress enacted at the
late session for closing those ports. Bo
leo obey ing be dictates of prudence, as
well as the obligalions of laws, instead of
transcending, I have adhered to the act of
Congress to confiscate property used for
insurrectionary pu poses. If a new law upon
the same subject shall be proposed, its pro.
priety will be duly considered. The Union
must be preserved, and hence, all indie•
peosible means must be employed. We
should not be in haste to determine that
radical and extreme measures, whi ti may
reach the loyal as well as the disloyal, are
indispi.nsible The inaugural address rdi
the beginning of the administration, and
the message to:Congrees at this latit,special
session, were both mainly devotettto the I
domestic controversy out of: whieh the
insurrection and consequent ware. have
ip-une. Nothing noWeccura to 7tteld , or
substract to or from the principlesor
gen
e-al purposes stated and expreesedlit those
documents. The last ray of hope for pre
serving the Union peaceably expired with
the assult upon Fort Sumter, and a gener
al review of what haa occurred since May'
not be unprofitable. What was painfully
uncertain then is much better defined and
more distinct, and the progress of events
is plainly in the right direction.. -nate. -
surgenta claimed a strong support :front
north of Mason and Dixon's line, and the
friends of the Union were not free from
apprehension on that point, This however'
was soon settled definitely and on the right
.tde South of the line,noble little Delaware.
led off right from the first, Maryland,
was made to seem against the Unioh;
and our soldiers were assailed, bridges
were burned and railroads were torn up
within her- limits, and we were many
days at one time without the ability to
bring a single regiment over her soil to
the capital. Now her bridges and rail
roads are repaired and open to the gov
ernment. She already gives seven
regiments to the cause of the Union,
and none to the enemy, and her people,
at a regular election, have sustained the
cause of the Union by a larger nisjordy
and a larger aggregate vote than they
ever before gave to any candidate en
, any question. Kentucky, too, for some
dine in doubt, is now decidedly, and, I
think, unchangably ranged on the aide
of the Union. Missend is comparati rely
quiet, and, I believe, cannot again be
overrun by the insurrectionists. These
three States,of Mary land,Kentucky and.
Missouri, neither of which would prom
ice a single soldier at first, have now an
aggregate of not less than forty thousand
in the field for the Union, while of
their citizens certainly not more than a
third of tlat number, and they of doutit
ful whereabouts and doubtful existence,
are in arms against it. A fter a somewhat
bloody struggle of months. Winter closes
on the Union people of Western Virginia
leaving them mestere of their own coup.
try. An insurgent tor:.e about 1,500 for
months dominating the narrow penin
sular region constituting the counties
Accoulac and Northampton, and
known as the eastern shor" of Virginia,
together with some co. ‘ ;110118 parte
of Maryland, have laid down their
ar , end the people there have renewed
tee,r al;egience and accepted the proton.
Lon GI the old flag. This leaves no armed
irriect:onist north of the Potomac, nor
east of the Chesepeake. Also we have oh , .
twined a footing at each of the isolated
points on the southern - coast of Hatteras,
Port ttoyal, Tyree Island, near Savannah,
and Ship Island, and we likewise have some
general accounts of popular movements in
beheli of the Union in North Carolina and
Tennessee,. Three things demonstrate that
the cause L f the Union is advancing stead•
tly southward.
Since your last stij mrn went Lieut. Gen.
Scott bas retired from the head of the ar
my. During his long life the nation lies not
lessen unmindful of his merit, yet on calling
to mind how faithfully and brilliantly he
has served the country from a time far back
in our history, when few of the sow living
had been born and thenceforward continu
ally, I cannot but think we are still his
debtors. I submit, therefore, for your
censideratioc—what further mark of re.,
cegnition fa due to him and to ourselves
as a grateful people. With the retire
-1 ment of General Scott came the Xxecu
, Live duty of appointing in his stead a
general ineehief of_ theaxney. It is a for,
tunete cercueustanceythat neither in coon..
ell or country was there so far as known
any difference of opinion as to the proper
• eraen to be selected. The retiring chief
repeatedly expressed his judgment In favor
of G inersi McClellan for the position, and
in this the nation seemed to give a unani
mous concurrence. The designation of
General McClellan la, therefore, in a con
siderable degree the selection of the coun
try, as well as of the Ezocutive, and hence
there is better reason to hope there wi I be
given him ;be confidence and ccrdiel sup•
port thus by fair implicatim promised and
wAtsut which he cannot with so full effi
ciency serve the country. It hes been said
that one bad General is better than two
good one, and the saying is true if taken
Ls mean no more then that an army
is bettor di - ectud by a single mind, thous h
inferior, than by two superior ones at vari
sects and cross purpose, with each other,
and the same is true in all j Ant, opera..
Lions wherein three engaged can have
none out a common end in view, and can
differ only se to the choice of means. In
a storm at sea, no cue on board can wish
the ship to sink, and yet, not unfrequently
all go down together, because too many
will direct, and no single mind can be
iiil+•wad to control it.
Every day continues to develops that ,
the insurrection is largely, if not ex•
c:ustvely, is war upon the first prin-qamhs important nsferenosin the meassgeene ce'2
The Went of popular government, the rights of
le
the people. Conclusive evidence of this is to tile Report of the Postmaster Gepeenlart,(l..lo
found in the most grave and maturely that ot tlitiotkneneskfitietitetheinaling
considered public documents, as well as in that since the rebellion broke out, our land sates
the general tone of the insurgents. In
those decumente we find the abridgement bate b° , n '? -14° 4 e f tt l fe t rlhr - iN 7 I4 I ItY
of the Patent Wee have able Mitertadeelied; -
or the existing right of suffrage and 'lade.
n lel to the people of all right to participate while the demand on the Pension pees wed be_
inthe selection of public officers, except largely teff4117.10;1.1-3
the legislature, boldly advocated with labor ,
e.d argument gto prove that large control tome of the Government with the Indian tribes
of the people in the government is the have also been grainy dill:A/417 thociebeilion,
source of all political eviL Monarchy it- and portions of the Indian settlement s lathe
self is sometimes hinted at and a possible
rebels' possisisfoa.' Itioifiliirr the melee
reluge from the power of the people. In
the present position, I could scarcely be t4.thecclwider°'39Pf°,'"Arie9affilleirosetyl
Justified were I to cent raising a warning suggests the PrePtsetY ef Cetigrtis's eafiiblisttg a
*voice against this approach of returning Bureau iatended for Its intsresta atutadraneement.
despotism.
Ilia not needed, nor fitting, here, that The enforoemant of the laws
against the African
ta
a general argument s , mid be made io idave tract . ig e fof ws
favor of popular institutions, but there rtes, CO!ri, .110?1"../fP-!,244'llr--fftifItt.,,Ists-•
is one point, with its connection not_so nattualresourceii" are dwelt uponand is announ
hackneyed as most others, to Which I 'eadehattheititherittrattlielinitedatitteeig4en
ask a brief attention. It ee effort to
place capital on an equal footing With, epe e ee le en.etee emei pee emeigeeeneEake;
It n nextailuded to, and regret expressed- at not
' o' above labor, in the structure or •
government. lt is presumed that labor fu ning b o a nabf° Waif" fbe ofteidotation Wde.
is sc•sil able only in connection with cap- melded; sloe front thie the Preakeentpep
ital; that nobody labors unless some- the great question which he announces the canes
bode , elee owDiUg Ca P i tai.: Bol nehar s bY of the robe:1101e thediscuMiaiiiiinia.'
isereseres.
the use of it, induces him to labor This .
assumed, it is next considered whetk a i eiee" all ec eati 7 we direclittep e t/ ..
it is beat that capital shall hire' laboisire`; the President Is evidently lostll/
geesgon .
and thus induce them _to work by consideration of Ifikt
own coneent, or buy them, and de es nees he does not entre Jirffaredetlkadopt the
deem be it without their consent. ree.egeeneeentese eerie see,'
in g proceeded so far, it is naturally con- , ee. - eee
eluded that all laborers are either hired difficult y' ' -41-°°417414 " : " .1 ?- f r " ear4 'idi f e *; -111C '
laborers or what we call slaves; and far- weJI 441 of 41:" 1461:4401:4166
then, it is assumed that whoever is once and airce-Tti
a hired laborer is fixed in that condition first tub forest Cenaid AC7
for life.
end, ll minor name:hus t rares mwe aiy.eseihne
Now there is no such relation between' t -
f i g h t' d 'ull'OoPla ouiltSliketilteeneekel ' Otee
capital and labor as assumed, nonis there . B u_
( - greaten. The Presidentepealf‘irithWeet sawn
any such thing as a free man being fixed'
for life in the condition of a hired la-
,flotleoleof !i!gt ettien:eWee. fAlWlßOWitiratWii 3
borer, ' - pewee. vnttrrebtillion, and - advancesnelisri
inferences from them are groundless. La-
g
Beth these assumptions are false, andall : lee the eet i etr i s i
tha,fncreatsq of . ,ern
u
ti
bor is priorto and independent of capitate ` 4 ' ; ' en "D•l6Toh°l2l(4l/44211!'tae '
Capital is only the fruits of labor, aid abio - modoto - oor boo
could never have existed if labor had not ments...4juitithiemeallusion,is nexteacartrthae`
first existed. Labor is the superior oft cap gallant tom , s cat , o d • ' d o . s ' , es:to>
ital, and deserves much the higher cone
pressedinealthintYfa: Cultsubtla Prti.„lll;:'
sideration. Capital has its rights, which
are as worthy of protection as any other this Point tiemooklaltottreeeedthe the.eoeiddem-y.
rights ; nor is it denied that there is; and non of.iporgid esepa s t de o o,ee t eiik r i, 4 , 44 .
probably always will be, a relation between re ed s to tugger laser .-eepehaemie,se'f,ealee
labor and capital producing mutual bens- •- e .
Elie. The error is in assuming that the • .'"4,°"/T1°470., f!P°!-113.°!"1.!1°,•-
whole laboring community exists within don; the - 010 - 04 eildtthiler fielierery..aeopW,
that relation. A few men own capital and and hiseentintente will, of course, be atieetette:lkei.- ,
that few would labor themselves, and with the entlieeZe.netteerrepeeple.
their capital hire or buy another few to The ineasigada cedtamly therPiaddeliewowniV ...
-
labor for them. A large in elority belong the arnotithanveref theflooretiuer, t*e.lis*tt. - ;
to neither elms; neither work for others where vaggeieltfrom ersediteksie::,
nor have others. working for them. In
imostitif Ur : southern states a rr.ejority of
ttie'tioopisof all colors are neither slaves
nor , :masters, while in the northern a large
maliirltyimitheither hirers or hired. Men,
withllhe*lisialliett, wives, sons an idaugh.
teriOvorlf-)hi themselves on their farms ?
in theilt4ii:ilies and in their shops, taking
the, tygere4goduct to themselves, and sok-
Itientrfivas of capital on the ono hand
nor of hired laborers on the other. It le
not forgotten that a considerable number
of persons mingle their . owiljahDr.., with
Jtaoltal;Ablit le they with - their own
bands and also-buy or hirtyithers to ,
fotrthem, bitt,thutla only iniad clita not
a distinct
Nefillrictple - statedia74isturK by the
existence of thli -- Aiiii4-7:44iiia;taiiktas al.
ready been said, there la not, of neestalty;
any such thing-as ther - fieet hired letieier`
being fixed' to ; that condition, fpr
Stat th Vgi - 3.'44ltaialtin , theirliveswere
[ rare. The prudeht,7pentifiess
[ begtaner l e Th y storld`lalkirCter wages
aw hi 1e,10411 - ...iturplitill with Which to
buy -tools or.laisd Airt.hirhaelf,' then_ labors
on his own aceetint, &wither whileciarrat
length hires another•siew,begitioardtodialp
him. This is the just and, gentrotk Auld
prosperous system,'Which °peril tha:Way
to all—, tves hope to all and consequent
energy and progress to all. - No nistitifir:
ing aro more worthy 10 he trUstillaillthlth
those who toil up from poverty, notielhis
inclined to take or touch aught -Wlii3iir they
have not liosiesttfearried. - - Let them .be.
wareofeurrenderingatioliticalposierwhiCh
they already possestiolnd which; if sure*
dared, will sorelysbe used to close the iliterr
)f advanceirient igiiintiCsneb as
~..41,1*
and to fit new disabilities and biudhn
on theittAillAilLef ItherlyiaballAtelest,
From the first taking our Natiorial - Oen,
sus to the last, are seventy years, and We
find our popultion at the end of thetpeziod
eight times as great as was.qt-the be.
ginning. The therm a I ortigeqqtfiesttliiingS
whieh mein dealiable;g4nisqtken
even greater. We thus have at one view
what the popular principle applied to
government through the machinery of
tbe Steps and bhp>Uhlon hie troducl ,
ed in a giiisn' 'aitid 'false Whit
if firmly maintained, it promises for the
future. There are already among us those
who, if the linien,..ba,preserved, will live
to see it contain two hundred and fifty
millions. The struggle of today is not al
together for tio.day- , =it`aldr a vast future
also. With a reliance on .Previhence,alt
the more firm and littineliool,l#li. of e
in the great task eitentit4ratfe
volved upon us.
ABRAELkMARIC94I.
Wistmichinr, Igar: CT-4
THE • PHElSlDEET i iiAititgthleE.
We publish in this moping's float the message
of President Lincoln, which was read in Congress
yesterday. Partaking of the
m .„l , ,mxietT ,... of itur,
eitiss toSee - this inipertant
desirous of serving our nun/moue readers with
an early perusal of it, we determined to have it at
any cost. We accordingly had it telegrayhed
exclusively f o r the Mernto
had on opportunity for a carefu perusal of this
Important mewls% and have .. .hut hastily glancrd
at it while reading it m Jirweif., It straps ua
however. 'as iSthigamexceediiiglii common plane
production, loosily written and rather verbose_
It isnot tong, bitttail it containrimight , hare Meet;
given in half its Space. It isornmeheetliy 'Willi' 14
to the Southern rebellion, and gates as to u• der-
stand that they have not - got long in the estima
tion of toreigh powers se - ; _ls , eq ae theye4n ; •
and the aevalees eonbldtriatiler'siitge'hi
the necessity of Congress making provisions for
Our sea cc i asioludlusitiptifilfitifitiOtiliCiPin
a line of railroad la reap ornendedto
ed in Bantut&y and
the loyal people of these &Mee to sucitessfully
aruggie,against their re be l liolltiPeol l lprt,x,,„, &ft-1 ) r
allusion to the operations of the l'ii;asury Depart,
meet, and expressing -hie • tiatia*ti . fsiiiiierito r ilthi
the President alindestc the y paixMkam of cur
people, and declares that, "at his beenequal to
tne occasion"
Toe next important point alluded-to is the:Navy
Department and its operational-it 1s announced
that a J•iavy has been created and brought utto ser
vice mace our troubles commenced.
' next made to the les ou the Supreme Beach,
~ nd eel:sore given for not filling theint.andfdllluel.)
leg this reference tette?, Judiciary, suggestionaiires,
offered for revising and reducing to a reasonable
compass our cumberacime and ovcc;rAftblkqq."l
laws. Discussing cie
Mowing the necessity of having a unionnayatem,
the President 'smith reiniiice,.theitaTinctfti*tiiii,
.too, are useful, or they are not useful. If tweed
no Stale should be deniedihem.
State should have theta' ico one can,. - lerciiii4j2
harm out of these brief sentences prtand no matter
what action Congress may take inrelation_to thew, ,
the Presaderit 4 wllF entirely thi
1- ....